The issue lies within the implementation of the FMOPA/FMOPS instructions in QEMU's AArch64 TCG helper functions. Specifically, the problem arises from an invalid pointer being used for floating-point status when handling 32-bit operands, leading to incorrect NaN generation. Step-by-step explanation: 1. **Bug Identification**: - The `sme_fmopa_s` function in `target/arm/tcg/sme_helper.c` is responsible for matrix multiplication and accumulation. - When performing 32-bit floating-point operations, the function incorrectly uses an invalid pointer (`vst`) instead of a properly initialized local copy (`fpst`) to handle the floating-point status. 2. **Consequences**: - This misuse causes NaN results not to be generated as default NaNs but instead retain their non-default form. - The test case provided demonstrates this by expecting default NaNs (0x0000c07f) but receiving non-default NaNs (0xffffffff). 3. **Solution**: - Modify the function to use `&fpst` instead of `vst` when invoking `float32_muladd`. - This ensures that the correct floating-point status is used, leading to proper default NaN generation. 4. **Category Classification**: - The issue pertains directly to an instruction's implementation within QEMU, making it a clear case of an **instruction** bug. The problem is classified under the **instruction** category because it involves incorrect behavior in implementing specific CPU instructions (FMOPA/FMOPS) within the QEMU emulator.