The issue arises when using `qemu-arm-static` but not with `qemu-aarch64-static`, indicating that the problem is specific to how system calls are handled on 32-bit ARM versus 64-bit ARM environments. The error `EFAULT (Bad address)` suggests an invalid pointer is being passed to the `ioctl` system call. Looking at the code snippet: ```c struct usbdevfs_bulktransfer Bulk; Bulk.ep = hUsb->UsbOut; Bulk.len = Len; Bulk.data = (void *)pData; Bulk.timeout = Timeout; Bytes = ioctl(hUsb->fd, USBDEVFS_BULK, &Bulk) ``` The problem likely lies in how the `usbdevfs_bulktransfer` structure is being handled. The structure size or data alignment might differ between 32-bit and 64-bit environments, causing the address to be invalid in one case but valid in the other. This points to an issue with the system call handling, specifically how the `ioctl` syscall processes the structure pointer on different architectures. **Step-by-Step Explanation:** 1. **System Call Behavior:** The `ioctl` system call is being used with the `USBDEVFS_BULK` command. This command expects a pointer to a `usbdevfs_bulktransfer` structure. 2. **Structure Size Mismatch:** On 32-bit ARM (`qemu-arm-static`), the size of the `usbdevfs_bulktransfer` structure might be different compared to 64-bit ARM (`qemu-aarch64-static`). This mismatch can cause the kernel to interpret the pointer incorrectly, leading to an `EFAULT`. 3. **Data Alignment:** The alignment of data within the structure might also differ between architectures, causing the address passed to `ioctl` to point to an invalid memory location. 4. **Architectural Differences:** QEMU emulates different architectures, and if the structure or its members are not properly handled in the 32-bit ARM emulation, it can result in incorrect memory addressing. Given that the error is related to system call handling and structure alignment across different architectures, this falls under the **syscall** category. The issue is not with a faulty instruction but rather with how the system call interacts with user-space data structures on different architectures. **Answer:** syscall