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-rw-r--r--MAINTAINERS1
-rw-r--r--accel/tcg/cpu-exec.c3
-rw-r--r--backends/iommufd.c1
-rw-r--r--block.c6
-rw-r--r--block/copy-before-write.c1
-rw-r--r--block/nbd.c1
-rw-r--r--block/nvme.c3
-rw-r--r--block/qapi.c6
-rw-r--r--block/qcow2-bitmap.c1
-rw-r--r--block/qcow2.c2
-rw-r--r--block/qed.c1
-rw-r--r--block/snapshot.c2
-rw-r--r--block/vdi.c1
-rw-r--r--block/vmdk.c1
-rw-r--r--bsd-user/signal.c3
-rw-r--r--docs/devel/tracing.rst3
-rw-r--r--docs/system/devices/nvme.rst7
-rw-r--r--hw/block/virtio-blk.c1
-rw-r--r--hw/core/machine.c5
-rw-r--r--hw/cxl/cxl-host.c1
-rw-r--r--hw/display/ati.c2
-rw-r--r--hw/display/macfb.c1
-rw-r--r--hw/display/virtio-gpu.c58
-rw-r--r--hw/i386/pc.c3
-rw-r--r--hw/i386/x86.c2
-rw-r--r--hw/intc/ioapic_common.c4
-rw-r--r--hw/loongarch/virt.c2
-rw-r--r--hw/mem/cxl_type3.c1
-rw-r--r--hw/misc/macio/pmu.c3
-rw-r--r--hw/misc/pvpanic-pci.c2
-rw-r--r--hw/misc/xlnx-versal-trng.c3
-rw-r--r--hw/nvme/ctrl.c97
-rw-r--r--hw/nvme/meson.build2
-rw-r--r--hw/nvme/nguid.c187
-rw-r--r--hw/nvme/ns.c2
-rw-r--r--hw/nvme/nvme.h27
-rw-r--r--hw/pci-bridge/cxl_root_port.c2
-rw-r--r--hw/pci-bridge/cxl_upstream.c1
-rw-r--r--hw/ppc/mpc8544_guts.c3
-rw-r--r--hw/ppc/pnv.c23
-rw-r--r--hw/ppc/pnv_xscom.c5
-rw-r--r--hw/ppc/ppce500_spin.c3
-rw-r--r--hw/ppc/spapr.c8
-rw-r--r--hw/ppc/spapr_caps.c7
-rw-r--r--hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c4
-rw-r--r--hw/scsi/vhost-scsi.c1
-rw-r--r--hw/vfio/ap.c1
-rw-r--r--hw/vfio/container.c1
-rw-r--r--hw/vfio/helpers.c3
-rw-r--r--hw/vfio/iommufd.c1
-rw-r--r--hw/vfio/pci-quirks.c2
-rw-r--r--hw/vfio/pci.c2
-rw-r--r--hw/vfio/platform.c1
-rw-r--r--hw/virtio/vhost-user-scmi.c6
-rw-r--r--hw/virtio/vhost-vsock.c1
-rw-r--r--hw/virtio/vhost.c2
-rw-r--r--hw/virtio/virtio-pci.c2
-rw-r--r--hw/xen/xen-mapcache.c30
-rw-r--r--hw/xen/xen_pt.c6
-rw-r--r--hw/xen/xen_pt_config_init.c7
-rw-r--r--include/hw/boards.h2
-rw-r--r--include/hw/virtio/virtio-gpu.h1
-rw-r--r--include/qapi/error.h2
-rw-r--r--linux-user/elfload.c20
-rw-r--r--linux-user/i386/cpu_loop.c4
-rw-r--r--linux-user/ioctls.h6
-rw-r--r--linux-user/signal.c6
-rw-r--r--linux-user/syscall.c22
-rw-r--r--linux-user/syscall_defs.h3
-rw-r--r--meson.build63
-rw-r--r--migration/multifd-zlib.c2
-rw-r--r--migration/options.c4
-rw-r--r--migration/postcopy-ram.c4
-rw-r--r--net/vhost-vdpa.c4
-rwxr-xr-xscripts/tracetool.py24
-rw-r--r--target/alpha/cpu.c31
-rw-r--r--target/alpha/gdbstub.c6
-rw-r--r--target/alpha/helper.c15
-rw-r--r--target/alpha/mem_helper.c11
-rw-r--r--target/alpha/translate.c4
-rw-r--r--target/arm/arm-qmp-cmds.c16
-rw-r--r--target/arm/cpu.c18
-rw-r--r--target/arm/kvm.c2
-rw-r--r--target/arm/machine.c6
-rw-r--r--target/avr/cpu.c29
-rw-r--r--target/avr/gdbstub.c6
-rw-r--r--target/avr/helper.c10
-rw-r--r--target/avr/translate.c3
-rw-r--r--target/cris/cpu.c12
-rw-r--r--target/cris/gdbstub.c9
-rw-r--r--target/cris/helper.c12
-rw-r--r--target/cris/translate.c6
-rw-r--r--target/hexagon/cpu.c27
-rw-r--r--target/hexagon/gdbstub.c6
-rw-r--r--target/hppa/mem_helper.c3
-rw-r--r--target/hppa/translate.c3
-rw-r--r--target/i386/cpu-sysemu.c34
-rw-r--r--target/i386/cpu.c14
-rw-r--r--target/i386/hvf/x86.c26
-rw-r--r--target/i386/hvf/x86.h26
-rw-r--r--target/i386/hvf/x86_descr.c11
-rw-r--r--target/i386/hvf/x86_descr.h14
-rw-r--r--target/i386/hvf/x86_emu.h4
-rw-r--r--target/i386/hvf/x86_mmu.c14
-rw-r--r--target/i386/hvf/x86_mmu.h6
-rw-r--r--target/i386/hvf/x86hvf.c2
-rw-r--r--target/i386/nvmm/nvmm-all.c6
-rw-r--r--target/i386/whpx/whpx-all.c18
-rw-r--r--target/loongarch/cpu.c41
-rw-r--r--target/loongarch/cpu_helper.c3
-rw-r--r--target/loongarch/gdbstub.c6
-rw-r--r--target/loongarch/kvm/kvm.c41
-rw-r--r--target/loongarch/loongarch-qmp-cmds.c18
-rw-r--r--target/loongarch/tcg/tlb_helper.c3
-rw-r--r--target/loongarch/tcg/translate.c3
-rw-r--r--target/m68k/cpu.c37
-rw-r--r--target/m68k/gdbstub.c6
-rw-r--r--target/m68k/helper.c8
-rw-r--r--target/m68k/m68k-semi.c6
-rw-r--r--target/m68k/op_helper.c11
-rw-r--r--target/m68k/translate.c3
-rw-r--r--target/microblaze/cpu.c6
-rw-r--r--target/microblaze/gdbstub.c3
-rw-r--r--target/microblaze/helper.c3
-rw-r--r--target/microblaze/translate.c6
-rw-r--r--target/mips/cpu.c17
-rw-r--r--target/mips/gdbstub.c6
-rw-r--r--target/mips/kvm.c27
-rw-r--r--target/mips/sysemu/physaddr.c3
-rw-r--r--target/mips/tcg/exception.c3
-rw-r--r--target/mips/tcg/op_helper.c8
-rw-r--r--target/mips/tcg/sysemu/special_helper.c3
-rw-r--r--target/mips/tcg/sysemu/tlb_helper.c6
-rw-r--r--target/mips/tcg/translate.c3
-rw-r--r--target/nios2/cpu.c17
-rw-r--r--target/nios2/helper.c3
-rw-r--r--target/nios2/nios2-semi.c6
-rw-r--r--target/nios2/translate.c3
-rw-r--r--target/openrisc/cpu.c8
-rw-r--r--target/openrisc/gdbstub.c6
-rw-r--r--target/openrisc/interrupt.c6
-rw-r--r--target/openrisc/translate.c6
-rw-r--r--target/ppc/cpu_init.c23
-rw-r--r--target/ppc/excp_helper.c3
-rw-r--r--target/ppc/gdbstub.c12
-rw-r--r--target/ppc/kvm.c20
-rw-r--r--target/ppc/ppc-qmp-cmds.c3
-rw-r--r--target/ppc/user_only_helper.c3
-rw-r--r--target/riscv/cpu.c2
-rw-r--r--target/riscv/riscv-qmp-cmds.c20
-rw-r--r--target/rx/cpu.c6
-rw-r--r--target/rx/gdbstub.c6
-rw-r--r--target/rx/helper.c6
-rw-r--r--target/rx/translate.c6
-rw-r--r--target/s390x/cpu_models.c2
-rw-r--r--target/s390x/cpu_models_sysemu.c31
-rw-r--r--target/sh4/cpu.c22
-rw-r--r--target/sh4/gdbstub.c6
-rw-r--r--target/sh4/helper.c14
-rw-r--r--target/sh4/op_helper.c4
-rw-r--r--target/sh4/translate.c6
-rw-r--r--target/sparc/cpu.c21
-rw-r--r--target/sparc/gdbstub.c3
-rw-r--r--target/sparc/int32_helper.c3
-rw-r--r--target/sparc/int64_helper.c3
-rw-r--r--target/sparc/ldst_helper.c6
-rw-r--r--target/sparc/mmu_helper.c15
-rw-r--r--target/sparc/translate.c9
-rw-r--r--target/tricore/cpu.c28
-rw-r--r--target/tricore/gdbstub.c6
-rw-r--r--target/tricore/helper.c3
-rw-r--r--target/tricore/translate.c3
-rw-r--r--target/xtensa/cpu.c9
-rw-r--r--target/xtensa/dbg_helper.c3
-rw-r--r--target/xtensa/exc_helper.c3
-rw-r--r--target/xtensa/gdbstub.c6
-rw-r--r--target/xtensa/helper.c9
-rw-r--r--target/xtensa/translate.c6
-rw-r--r--tcg/aarch64/tcg-target.c.inc4
-rw-r--r--tests/qtest/arm-cpu-features.c13
-rw-r--r--ui/dbus-listener.c75
-rw-r--r--ui/trace-events1
-rw-r--r--ui/vnc.c59
183 files changed, 1048 insertions, 915 deletions
diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index 1f89e274d3..a3130f64fd 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -2405,6 +2405,7 @@ F: docs/system/devices/virtio-snd.rst
 nvme
 M: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
 M: Klaus Jensen <its@irrelevant.dk>
+R: Jesper Devantier <foss@defmacro.it>
 L: qemu-block@nongnu.org
 S: Supported
 F: hw/nvme/*
diff --git a/accel/tcg/cpu-exec.c b/accel/tcg/cpu-exec.c
index 52239a441f..5c70748060 100644
--- a/accel/tcg/cpu-exec.c
+++ b/accel/tcg/cpu-exec.c
@@ -436,7 +436,6 @@ const void *HELPER(lookup_tb_ptr)(CPUArchState *env)
 static inline TranslationBlock * QEMU_DISABLE_CFI
 cpu_tb_exec(CPUState *cpu, TranslationBlock *itb, int *tb_exit)
 {
-    CPUArchState *env = cpu_env(cpu);
     uintptr_t ret;
     TranslationBlock *last_tb;
     const void *tb_ptr = itb->tc.ptr;
@@ -446,7 +445,7 @@ cpu_tb_exec(CPUState *cpu, TranslationBlock *itb, int *tb_exit)
     }
 
     qemu_thread_jit_execute();
-    ret = tcg_qemu_tb_exec(env, tb_ptr);
+    ret = tcg_qemu_tb_exec(cpu_env(cpu), tb_ptr);
     cpu->neg.can_do_io = true;
     qemu_plugin_disable_mem_helpers(cpu);
     /*
diff --git a/backends/iommufd.c b/backends/iommufd.c
index 1ef683c7b0..62a79fa6b0 100644
--- a/backends/iommufd.c
+++ b/backends/iommufd.c
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ static void iommufd_backend_finalize(Object *obj)
 
 static void iommufd_backend_set_fd(Object *obj, const char *str, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     IOMMUFDBackend *be = IOMMUFD_BACKEND(obj);
     int fd = -1;
 
diff --git a/block.c b/block.c
index 1ed9214f66..468cf5e67d 100644
--- a/block.c
+++ b/block.c
@@ -534,9 +534,9 @@ typedef struct CreateCo {
 int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_create(BlockDriver *drv, const char *filename,
                                 QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     int ret;
     GLOBAL_STATE_CODE();
-    ERRP_GUARD();
 
     if (!drv->bdrv_co_create_opts) {
         error_setg(errp, "Driver '%s' does not support image creation",
@@ -633,6 +633,7 @@ int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_create_opts_simple(BlockDriver *drv,
                                             QemuOpts *opts,
                                             Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     BlockBackend *blk;
     QDict *options;
     int64_t size = 0;
@@ -1998,6 +1999,7 @@ fail_opts:
 
 static QDict *parse_json_filename(const char *filename, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     QObject *options_obj;
     QDict *options;
     int ret;
@@ -3585,6 +3587,7 @@ int bdrv_set_backing_hd(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockDriverState *backing_hd,
 int bdrv_open_backing_file(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *parent_options,
                            const char *bdref_key, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     char *backing_filename = NULL;
     char *bdref_key_dot;
     const char *reference = NULL;
@@ -3851,6 +3854,7 @@ static BlockDriverState *bdrv_append_temp_snapshot(BlockDriverState *bs,
                                                    QDict *snapshot_options,
                                                    Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     g_autofree char *tmp_filename = NULL;
     int64_t total_size;
     QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
diff --git a/block/copy-before-write.c b/block/copy-before-write.c
index 0842a1a6df..8aba27a71d 100644
--- a/block/copy-before-write.c
+++ b/block/copy-before-write.c
@@ -407,6 +407,7 @@ out:
 static int cbw_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
                     Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     BDRVCopyBeforeWriteState *s = bs->opaque;
     BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap = NULL;
     int64_t cluster_size;
diff --git a/block/nbd.c b/block/nbd.c
index b9d4f935e0..ef05f7cdfd 100644
--- a/block/nbd.c
+++ b/block/nbd.c
@@ -852,6 +852,7 @@ static coroutine_fn int nbd_co_do_receive_one_chunk(
         BDRVNBDState *s, uint64_t cookie, bool only_structured,
         int *request_ret, QEMUIOVector *qiov, void **payload, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     int ret;
     int i = COOKIE_TO_INDEX(cookie);
     void *local_payload = NULL;
diff --git a/block/nvme.c b/block/nvme.c
index 0a0a0a6b36..3a3c6da73d 100644
--- a/block/nvme.c
+++ b/block/nvme.c
@@ -168,6 +168,7 @@ static QemuOptsList runtime_opts = {
 static bool nvme_init_queue(BDRVNVMeState *s, NVMeQueue *q,
                             unsigned nentries, size_t entry_bytes, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     size_t bytes;
     int r;
 
@@ -221,6 +222,7 @@ static NVMeQueuePair *nvme_create_queue_pair(BDRVNVMeState *s,
                                              unsigned idx, size_t size,
                                              Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     int i, r;
     NVMeQueuePair *q;
     uint64_t prp_list_iova;
@@ -535,6 +537,7 @@ static int nvme_admin_cmd_sync(BlockDriverState *bs, NvmeCmd *cmd)
 /* Returns true on success, false on failure. */
 static bool nvme_identify(BlockDriverState *bs, int namespace, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     BDRVNVMeState *s = bs->opaque;
     bool ret = false;
     QEMU_AUTO_VFREE union {
diff --git a/block/qapi.c b/block/qapi.c
index 9e806fa230..31183d4933 100644
--- a/block/qapi.c
+++ b/block/qapi.c
@@ -46,11 +46,11 @@ BlockDeviceInfo *bdrv_block_device_info(BlockBackend *blk,
                                         bool flat,
                                         Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     ImageInfo **p_image_info;
     ImageInfo *backing_info;
     BlockDriverState *backing;
     BlockDeviceInfo *info;
-    ERRP_GUARD();
 
     if (!bs->drv) {
         error_setg(errp, "Block device %s is ejected", bs->node_name);
@@ -330,8 +330,8 @@ void bdrv_query_image_info(BlockDriverState *bs,
                            bool skip_implicit_filters,
                            Error **errp)
 {
-    ImageInfo *info;
     ERRP_GUARD();
+    ImageInfo *info;
 
     info = g_new0(ImageInfo, 1);
     bdrv_do_query_node_info(bs, qapi_ImageInfo_base(info), errp);
@@ -382,10 +382,10 @@ void bdrv_query_block_graph_info(BlockDriverState *bs,
                                  BlockGraphInfo **p_info,
                                  Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     BlockGraphInfo *info;
     BlockChildInfoList **children_list_tail;
     BdrvChild *c;
-    ERRP_GUARD();
 
     info = g_new0(BlockGraphInfo, 1);
     bdrv_do_query_node_info(bs, qapi_BlockGraphInfo_base(info), errp);
diff --git a/block/qcow2-bitmap.c b/block/qcow2-bitmap.c
index 0e567ed588..874ea56948 100644
--- a/block/qcow2-bitmap.c
+++ b/block/qcow2-bitmap.c
@@ -1710,6 +1710,7 @@ bool coroutine_fn qcow2_co_can_store_new_dirty_bitmap(BlockDriverState *bs,
                                                       uint32_t granularity,
                                                       Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
     BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap;
     uint64_t bitmap_directory_size = 0;
diff --git a/block/qcow2.c b/block/qcow2.c
index 204f5854cf..956128b409 100644
--- a/block/qcow2.c
+++ b/block/qcow2.c
@@ -3483,6 +3483,7 @@ static uint64_t qcow2_opt_get_refcount_bits_del(QemuOpts *opts, int version,
 static int coroutine_fn GRAPH_UNLOCKED
 qcow2_co_create(BlockdevCreateOptions *create_options, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     BlockdevCreateOptionsQcow2 *qcow2_opts;
     QDict *options;
 
@@ -4283,6 +4284,7 @@ static int coroutine_fn GRAPH_RDLOCK
 qcow2_co_truncate(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, bool exact,
                   PreallocMode prealloc, BdrvRequestFlags flags, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
     uint64_t old_length;
     int64_t new_l1_size;
diff --git a/block/qed.c b/block/qed.c
index bc2f0a61c0..fa5bc11085 100644
--- a/block/qed.c
+++ b/block/qed.c
@@ -1579,6 +1579,7 @@ bdrv_qed_co_change_backing_file(BlockDriverState *bs, const char *backing_file,
 static void coroutine_fn GRAPH_RDLOCK
 bdrv_qed_co_invalidate_cache(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     BDRVQEDState *s = bs->opaque;
     int ret;
 
diff --git a/block/snapshot.c b/block/snapshot.c
index 8694fc0a3e..8242b4abac 100644
--- a/block/snapshot.c
+++ b/block/snapshot.c
@@ -566,6 +566,7 @@ int bdrv_all_delete_snapshot(const char *name,
                              bool has_devices, strList *devices,
                              Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     g_autoptr(GList) bdrvs = NULL;
     GList *iterbdrvs;
 
@@ -605,6 +606,7 @@ int bdrv_all_goto_snapshot(const char *name,
                            bool has_devices, strList *devices,
                            Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     g_autoptr(GList) bdrvs = NULL;
     GList *iterbdrvs;
     int ret;
diff --git a/block/vdi.c b/block/vdi.c
index 3b57becb9f..6363da08ce 100644
--- a/block/vdi.c
+++ b/block/vdi.c
@@ -738,6 +738,7 @@ static int coroutine_fn GRAPH_UNLOCKED
 vdi_co_do_create(BlockdevCreateOptions *create_options, size_t block_size,
                  Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     BlockdevCreateOptionsVdi *vdi_opts;
     int ret = 0;
     uint64_t bytes = 0;
diff --git a/block/vmdk.c b/block/vmdk.c
index bf78e12383..3b82979fdf 100644
--- a/block/vmdk.c
+++ b/block/vmdk.c
@@ -1147,6 +1147,7 @@ static int GRAPH_RDLOCK
 vmdk_parse_extents(const char *desc, BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options,
                    Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     int ret;
     int matches;
     char access[11];
diff --git a/bsd-user/signal.c b/bsd-user/signal.c
index e9f80a06d3..3ac50c2d71 100644
--- a/bsd-user/signal.c
+++ b/bsd-user/signal.c
@@ -463,14 +463,13 @@ static int fatal_signal(int sig)
 void force_sig_fault(int sig, int code, abi_ulong addr)
 {
     CPUState *cpu = thread_cpu;
-    CPUArchState *env = cpu_env(cpu);
     target_siginfo_t info = {};
 
     info.si_signo = sig;
     info.si_errno = 0;
     info.si_code = code;
     info.si_addr = addr;
-    queue_signal(env, sig, QEMU_SI_FAULT, &info);
+    queue_signal(cpu_env(cpu), sig, QEMU_SI_FAULT, &info);
 }
 
 static void host_signal_handler(int host_sig, siginfo_t *info, void *puc)
diff --git a/docs/devel/tracing.rst b/docs/devel/tracing.rst
index d288480db1..043bed7fd0 100644
--- a/docs/devel/tracing.rst
+++ b/docs/devel/tracing.rst
@@ -357,8 +357,7 @@ probes::
 
     scripts/tracetool.py --backends=dtrace --format=stap \
                          --binary path/to/qemu-binary \
-                         --target-type system \
-                         --target-name x86_64 \
+                         --probe-prefix qemu.system.x86_64 \
                          --group=all \
                          trace-events-all \
                          qemu.stp
diff --git a/docs/system/devices/nvme.rst b/docs/system/devices/nvme.rst
index 4ea957baed..d2b1ca9645 100644
--- a/docs/system/devices/nvme.rst
+++ b/docs/system/devices/nvme.rst
@@ -81,6 +81,13 @@ There are a number of parameters available:
   Set the UUID of the namespace. This will be reported as a "Namespace UUID"
   descriptor in the Namespace Identification Descriptor List.
 
+``nguid``
+  Set the NGUID of the namespace. This will be reported as a "Namespace Globally
+  Unique Identifier" descriptor in the Namespace Identification Descriptor List.
+  It is specified as a string of hexadecimal digits containing exactly 16 bytes
+  or "auto" for a random value. An optional '-' separator could be used to group
+  bytes. If not specified the NGUID will remain all zeros.
+
 ``eui64``
   Set the EUI-64 of the namespace. This will be reported as a "IEEE Extended
   Unique Identifier" descriptor in the Namespace Identification Descriptor List.
diff --git a/hw/block/virtio-blk.c b/hw/block/virtio-blk.c
index 738cb2ac36..92de315f17 100644
--- a/hw/block/virtio-blk.c
+++ b/hw/block/virtio-blk.c
@@ -1682,6 +1682,7 @@ static bool apply_iothread_vq_mapping(
 /* Context: BQL held */
 static bool virtio_blk_vq_aio_context_init(VirtIOBlock *s, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     VirtIODevice *vdev = VIRTIO_DEVICE(s);
     VirtIOBlkConf *conf = &s->conf;
     BusState *qbus = BUS(qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev)));
diff --git a/hw/core/machine.c b/hw/core/machine.c
index 0e9d646b61..e483b34459 100644
--- a/hw/core/machine.c
+++ b/hw/core/machine.c
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ GlobalProperty hw_compat_5_2[] = {
     { "PIIX4_PM", "smm-compat", "on"},
     { "virtio-blk-device", "report-discard-granularity", "off" },
     { "virtio-net-pci-base", "vectors", "3"},
+    { "nvme", "msix-exclusive-bar", "on"},
 };
 const size_t hw_compat_5_2_len = G_N_ELEMENTS(hw_compat_5_2);
 
@@ -718,7 +719,7 @@ HotpluggableCPUList *machine_query_hotpluggable_cpus(MachineState *machine)
     mc->possible_cpu_arch_ids(machine);
 
     for (i = 0; i < machine->possible_cpus->len; i++) {
-        Object *cpu;
+        CPUState *cpu;
         HotpluggableCPU *cpu_item = g_new0(typeof(*cpu_item), 1);
 
         cpu_item->type = g_strdup(machine->possible_cpus->cpus[i].type);
@@ -728,7 +729,7 @@ HotpluggableCPUList *machine_query_hotpluggable_cpus(MachineState *machine)
 
         cpu = machine->possible_cpus->cpus[i].cpu;
         if (cpu) {
-            cpu_item->qom_path = object_get_canonical_path(cpu);
+            cpu_item->qom_path = object_get_canonical_path(OBJECT(cpu));
         }
         QAPI_LIST_PREPEND(head, cpu_item);
     }
diff --git a/hw/cxl/cxl-host.c b/hw/cxl/cxl-host.c
index 2aa776c79c..c5f5fcfd64 100644
--- a/hw/cxl/cxl-host.c
+++ b/hw/cxl/cxl-host.c
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ static void cxl_fixed_memory_window_config(CXLState *cxl_state,
                                            CXLFixedMemoryWindowOptions *object,
                                            Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     g_autofree CXLFixedWindow *fw = g_malloc0(sizeof(*fw));
     strList *target;
     int i;
diff --git a/hw/display/ati.c b/hw/display/ati.c
index 569b8f6165..8d2501bd82 100644
--- a/hw/display/ati.c
+++ b/hw/display/ati.c
@@ -991,7 +991,7 @@ static void ati_vga_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
     }
     vga_init(vga, OBJECT(s), pci_address_space(dev),
              pci_address_space_io(dev), true);
-    vga->con = graphic_console_init(DEVICE(s), 0, s->vga.hw_ops, &s->vga);
+    vga->con = graphic_console_init(DEVICE(s), 0, s->vga.hw_ops, vga);
     if (s->cursor_guest_mode) {
         vga->cursor_invalidate = ati_cursor_invalidate;
         vga->cursor_draw_line = ati_cursor_draw_line;
diff --git a/hw/display/macfb.c b/hw/display/macfb.c
index 418e99c8e1..1ace341a0f 100644
--- a/hw/display/macfb.c
+++ b/hw/display/macfb.c
@@ -714,6 +714,7 @@ static void macfb_nubus_set_irq(void *opaque, int n, int level)
 
 static void macfb_nubus_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     NubusDevice *nd = NUBUS_DEVICE(dev);
     MacfbNubusState *s = NUBUS_MACFB(dev);
     MacfbNubusDeviceClass *ndc = NUBUS_MACFB_GET_CLASS(dev);
diff --git a/hw/display/virtio-gpu.c b/hw/display/virtio-gpu.c
index 1c1ee230b3..78d5a4f164 100644
--- a/hw/display/virtio-gpu.c
+++ b/hw/display/virtio-gpu.c
@@ -600,6 +600,7 @@ static void virtio_unref_resource(pixman_image_t *image, void *data)
 static void virtio_gpu_update_scanout(VirtIOGPU *g,
                                       uint32_t scanout_id,
                                       struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res,
+                                      struct virtio_gpu_framebuffer *fb,
                                       struct virtio_gpu_rect *r)
 {
     struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *ores;
@@ -617,9 +618,10 @@ static void virtio_gpu_update_scanout(VirtIOGPU *g,
     scanout->y = r->y;
     scanout->width = r->width;
     scanout->height = r->height;
+    scanout->fb = *fb;
 }
 
-static void virtio_gpu_do_set_scanout(VirtIOGPU *g,
+static bool virtio_gpu_do_set_scanout(VirtIOGPU *g,
                                       uint32_t scanout_id,
                                       struct virtio_gpu_framebuffer *fb,
                                       struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res,
@@ -645,7 +647,7 @@ static void virtio_gpu_do_set_scanout(VirtIOGPU *g,
                       r->x, r->y, r->width, r->height,
                       fb->width, fb->height);
         *error = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_ERR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
-        return;
+        return false;
     }
 
     g->parent_obj.enable = 1;
@@ -653,11 +655,12 @@ static void virtio_gpu_do_set_scanout(VirtIOGPU *g,
     if (res->blob) {
         if (console_has_gl(scanout->con)) {
             if (!virtio_gpu_update_dmabuf(g, scanout_id, res, fb, r)) {
-                virtio_gpu_update_scanout(g, scanout_id, res, r);
+                virtio_gpu_update_scanout(g, scanout_id, res, fb, r);
             } else {
                 *error = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+                return false;
             }
-            return;
+            return true;
         }
 
         data = res->blob;
@@ -684,10 +687,6 @@ static void virtio_gpu_do_set_scanout(VirtIOGPU *g,
 
         /* realloc the surface ptr */
         scanout->ds = qemu_create_displaysurface_pixman(rect);
-        if (!scanout->ds) {
-            *error = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_ERR_UNSPEC;
-            return;
-        }
 #ifdef WIN32
         qemu_displaysurface_win32_set_handle(scanout->ds, res->handle, fb->offset);
 #endif
@@ -697,7 +696,8 @@ static void virtio_gpu_do_set_scanout(VirtIOGPU *g,
                                 scanout->ds);
     }
 
-    virtio_gpu_update_scanout(g, scanout_id, res, r);
+    virtio_gpu_update_scanout(g, scanout_id, res, fb, r);
+    return true;
 }
 
 static void virtio_gpu_set_scanout(VirtIOGPU *g,
@@ -1168,7 +1168,8 @@ static void virtio_gpu_cursor_bh(void *opaque)
 
 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtio_gpu_scanout = {
     .name = "virtio-gpu-one-scanout",
-    .version_id = 1,
+    .version_id = 2,
+    .minimum_version_id = 1,
     .fields = (const VMStateField[]) {
         VMSTATE_UINT32(resource_id, struct virtio_gpu_scanout),
         VMSTATE_UINT32(width, struct virtio_gpu_scanout),
@@ -1180,6 +1181,12 @@ static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtio_gpu_scanout = {
         VMSTATE_UINT32(cursor.hot_y, struct virtio_gpu_scanout),
         VMSTATE_UINT32(cursor.pos.x, struct virtio_gpu_scanout),
         VMSTATE_UINT32(cursor.pos.y, struct virtio_gpu_scanout),
+        VMSTATE_UINT32_V(fb.format, struct virtio_gpu_scanout, 2),
+        VMSTATE_UINT32_V(fb.bytes_pp, struct virtio_gpu_scanout, 2),
+        VMSTATE_UINT32_V(fb.width, struct virtio_gpu_scanout, 2),
+        VMSTATE_UINT32_V(fb.height, struct virtio_gpu_scanout, 2),
+        VMSTATE_UINT32_V(fb.stride, struct virtio_gpu_scanout, 2),
+        VMSTATE_UINT32_V(fb.offset, struct virtio_gpu_scanout, 2),
         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
     },
 };
@@ -1351,6 +1358,7 @@ static int virtio_gpu_blob_save(QEMUFile *f, void *opaque, size_t size,
         if (!res->blob_size) {
             continue;
         }
+        assert(!res->image);
         qemu_put_be32(f, res->resource_id);
         qemu_put_be32(f, res->blob_size);
         qemu_put_be32(f, res->iov_cnt);
@@ -1413,24 +1421,40 @@ static int virtio_gpu_post_load(void *opaque, int version_id)
     int i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < g->parent_obj.conf.max_outputs; i++) {
-        /* FIXME: should take scanout.r.{x,y} into account */
         scanout = &g->parent_obj.scanout[i];
         if (!scanout->resource_id) {
             continue;
         }
+
         res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, scanout->resource_id);
         if (!res) {
             return -EINVAL;
         }
-        scanout->ds = qemu_create_displaysurface_pixman(res->image);
-        if (!scanout->ds) {
-            return -EINVAL;
-        }
+
+        if (scanout->fb.format != 0) {
+            uint32_t error = 0;
+            struct virtio_gpu_rect r = {
+                .x = scanout->x,
+                .y = scanout->y,
+                .width = scanout->width,
+                .height = scanout->height
+            };
+
+            if (!virtio_gpu_do_set_scanout(g, i, &scanout->fb, res, &r, &error)) {
+                return -EINVAL;
+            }
+        } else {
+            /* legacy v1 migration support */
+            if (!res->image) {
+                return -EINVAL;
+            }
+            scanout->ds = qemu_create_displaysurface_pixman(res->image);
 #ifdef WIN32
-        qemu_displaysurface_win32_set_handle(scanout->ds, res->handle, 0);
+            qemu_displaysurface_win32_set_handle(scanout->ds, res->handle, 0);
 #endif
+            dpy_gfx_replace_surface(scanout->con, scanout->ds);
+        }
 
-        dpy_gfx_replace_surface(scanout->con, scanout->ds);
         dpy_gfx_update_full(scanout->con);
         if (scanout->cursor.resource_id) {
             update_cursor(g, &scanout->cursor);
diff --git a/hw/i386/pc.c b/hw/i386/pc.c
index f5ff970acf..4f322e0856 100644
--- a/hw/i386/pc.c
+++ b/hw/i386/pc.c
@@ -718,7 +718,8 @@ void xen_load_linux(PCMachineState *pcms)
 
     assert(MACHINE(pcms)->kernel_filename != NULL);
 
-    fw_cfg = fw_cfg_init_io(FW_CFG_IO_BASE);
+    fw_cfg = fw_cfg_init_io_dma(FW_CFG_IO_BASE, FW_CFG_IO_BASE + 4,
+                                &address_space_memory);
     fw_cfg_add_i16(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_NB_CPUS, x86ms->boot_cpus);
     rom_set_fw(fw_cfg);
 
diff --git a/hw/i386/x86.c b/hw/i386/x86.c
index 807e09bcdb..ffbda48917 100644
--- a/hw/i386/x86.c
+++ b/hw/i386/x86.c
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ void x86_cpu_plug(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
     }
 
     found_cpu = x86_find_cpu_slot(MACHINE(x86ms), cpu->apic_id, NULL);
-    found_cpu->cpu = OBJECT(dev);
+    found_cpu->cpu = CPU(dev);
 out:
     error_propagate(errp, local_err);
 }
diff --git a/hw/intc/ioapic_common.c b/hw/intc/ioapic_common.c
index cb9bf62146..efbe6958c8 100644
--- a/hw/intc/ioapic_common.c
+++ b/hw/intc/ioapic_common.c
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@ static int ioapic_dispatch_post_load(void *opaque, int version_id)
 
 static void ioapic_common_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     IOAPICCommonState *s = IOAPIC_COMMON(dev);
     IOAPICCommonClass *info;
 
@@ -162,6 +163,9 @@ static void ioapic_common_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 
     info = IOAPIC_COMMON_GET_CLASS(s);
     info->realize(dev, errp);
+    if (*errp) {
+        return;
+    }
 
     sysbus_init_mmio(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(s), &s->io_memory);
     ioapic_no++;
diff --git a/hw/loongarch/virt.c b/hw/loongarch/virt.c
index 1e98d8bda5..efce112310 100644
--- a/hw/loongarch/virt.c
+++ b/hw/loongarch/virt.c
@@ -858,7 +858,7 @@ static void loongarch_init(MachineState *machine)
     for (i = 0; i < possible_cpus->len; i++) {
         cpu = cpu_create(machine->cpu_type);
         cpu->cpu_index = i;
-        machine->possible_cpus->cpus[i].cpu = OBJECT(cpu);
+        machine->possible_cpus->cpus[i].cpu = cpu;
         lacpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cpu);
         lacpu->phy_id = machine->possible_cpus->cpus[i].arch_id;
     }
diff --git a/hw/mem/cxl_type3.c b/hw/mem/cxl_type3.c
index b679dfae1c..b0a7e9f11b 100644
--- a/hw/mem/cxl_type3.c
+++ b/hw/mem/cxl_type3.c
@@ -645,6 +645,7 @@ static DOEProtocol doe_cdat_prot[] = {
 
 static void ct3_realize(PCIDevice *pci_dev, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     CXLType3Dev *ct3d = CXL_TYPE3(pci_dev);
     CXLComponentState *cxl_cstate = &ct3d->cxl_cstate;
     ComponentRegisters *regs = &cxl_cstate->crb;
diff --git a/hw/misc/macio/pmu.c b/hw/misc/macio/pmu.c
index e9a90da88f..e40c51bf52 100644
--- a/hw/misc/macio/pmu.c
+++ b/hw/misc/macio/pmu.c
@@ -737,8 +737,7 @@ static void pmu_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     timer_mod(s->one_sec_timer, s->one_sec_target);
 
     if (s->has_adb) {
-        qbus_init(&s->adb_bus, sizeof(s->adb_bus), TYPE_ADB_BUS,
-                  dev, "adb.0");
+        qbus_init(adb_bus, sizeof(*adb_bus), TYPE_ADB_BUS, dev, "adb.0");
         adb_register_autopoll_callback(adb_bus, pmu_adb_poll, s);
     }
 }
diff --git a/hw/misc/pvpanic-pci.c b/hw/misc/pvpanic-pci.c
index c01e4ce864..83be95d0d2 100644
--- a/hw/misc/pvpanic-pci.c
+++ b/hw/misc/pvpanic-pci.c
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ static void pvpanic_pci_realizefn(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
     PVPanicPCIState *s = PVPANIC_PCI_DEVICE(dev);
     PVPanicState *ps = &s->pvpanic;
 
-    pvpanic_setup_io(&s->pvpanic, DEVICE(s), 2);
+    pvpanic_setup_io(ps, DEVICE(s), 2);
 
     pci_register_bar(dev, 0, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_MEMORY, &ps->mr);
 }
diff --git a/hw/misc/xlnx-versal-trng.c b/hw/misc/xlnx-versal-trng.c
index b8111b8b66..6495188dc7 100644
--- a/hw/misc/xlnx-versal-trng.c
+++ b/hw/misc/xlnx-versal-trng.c
@@ -644,8 +644,7 @@ static void trng_prop_fault_event_set(Object *obj, Visitor *v,
     Property *prop = opaque;
     uint32_t *events = object_field_prop_ptr(obj, prop);
 
-    visit_type_uint32(v, name, events, errp);
-    if (*errp) {
+    if (!visit_type_uint32(v, name, events, errp)) {
         return;
     }
 
diff --git a/hw/nvme/ctrl.c b/hw/nvme/ctrl.c
index 76fe039704..036b15403a 100644
--- a/hw/nvme/ctrl.c
+++ b/hw/nvme/ctrl.c
@@ -2855,7 +2855,7 @@ static inline uint16_t nvme_check_copy_mcl(NvmeNamespace *ns,
         uint32_t nlb;
         nvme_copy_source_range_parse(iocb->ranges, idx, iocb->format, NULL,
                                      &nlb, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-        copy_len += nlb + 1;
+        copy_len += nlb;
     }
 
     if (copy_len > ns->id_ns.mcl) {
@@ -5642,6 +5642,10 @@ static uint16_t nvme_identify_ns_descr_list(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeRequest *req)
     } QEMU_PACKED uuid = {};
     struct {
         NvmeIdNsDescr hdr;
+        uint8_t v[NVME_NIDL_NGUID];
+    } QEMU_PACKED nguid = {};
+    struct {
+        NvmeIdNsDescr hdr;
         uint64_t v;
     } QEMU_PACKED eui64 = {};
     struct {
@@ -5668,6 +5672,14 @@ static uint16_t nvme_identify_ns_descr_list(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeRequest *req)
         pos += sizeof(uuid);
     }
 
+    if (!nvme_nguid_is_null(&ns->params.nguid)) {
+        nguid.hdr.nidt = NVME_NIDT_NGUID;
+        nguid.hdr.nidl = NVME_NIDL_NGUID;
+        memcpy(nguid.v, ns->params.nguid.data, NVME_NIDL_NGUID);
+        memcpy(pos, &nguid, sizeof(nguid));
+        pos += sizeof(nguid);
+    }
+
     if (ns->params.eui64) {
         eui64.hdr.nidt = NVME_NIDT_EUI64;
         eui64.hdr.nidl = NVME_NIDL_EUI64;
@@ -7798,6 +7810,11 @@ static bool nvme_check_params(NvmeCtrl *n, Error **errp)
     }
 
     if (n->pmr.dev) {
+        if (params->msix_exclusive_bar) {
+            error_setg(errp, "not enough BARs available to enable PMR");
+            return false;
+        }
+
         if (host_memory_backend_is_mapped(n->pmr.dev)) {
             error_setg(errp, "can't use already busy memdev: %s",
                        object_get_canonical_path_component(OBJECT(n->pmr.dev)));
@@ -8003,13 +8020,18 @@ static void nvme_init_pmr(NvmeCtrl *n, PCIDevice *pci_dev)
     memory_region_set_enabled(&n->pmr.dev->mr, false);
 }
 
-static uint64_t nvme_bar_size(unsigned total_queues, unsigned total_irqs,
-                              unsigned *msix_table_offset,
-                              unsigned *msix_pba_offset)
+static uint64_t nvme_mbar_size(unsigned total_queues, unsigned total_irqs,
+                               unsigned *msix_table_offset,
+                               unsigned *msix_pba_offset)
 {
-    uint64_t bar_size, msix_table_size, msix_pba_size;
+    uint64_t bar_size, msix_table_size;
 
     bar_size = sizeof(NvmeBar) + 2 * total_queues * NVME_DB_SIZE;
+
+    if (total_irqs == 0) {
+        goto out;
+    }
+
     bar_size = QEMU_ALIGN_UP(bar_size, 4 * KiB);
 
     if (msix_table_offset) {
@@ -8024,11 +8046,10 @@ static uint64_t nvme_bar_size(unsigned total_queues, unsigned total_irqs,
         *msix_pba_offset = bar_size;
     }
 
-    msix_pba_size = QEMU_ALIGN_UP(total_irqs, 64) / 8;
-    bar_size += msix_pba_size;
+    bar_size += QEMU_ALIGN_UP(total_irqs, 64) / 8;
 
-    bar_size = pow2ceil(bar_size);
-    return bar_size;
+out:
+    return pow2ceil(bar_size);
 }
 
 static void nvme_init_sriov(NvmeCtrl *n, PCIDevice *pci_dev, uint16_t offset)
@@ -8036,7 +8057,7 @@ static void nvme_init_sriov(NvmeCtrl *n, PCIDevice *pci_dev, uint16_t offset)
     uint16_t vf_dev_id = n->params.use_intel_id ?
                          PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_NVME : PCI_DEVICE_ID_REDHAT_NVME;
     NvmePriCtrlCap *cap = &n->pri_ctrl_cap;
-    uint64_t bar_size = nvme_bar_size(le16_to_cpu(cap->vqfrsm),
+    uint64_t bar_size = nvme_mbar_size(le16_to_cpu(cap->vqfrsm),
                                       le16_to_cpu(cap->vifrsm),
                                       NULL, NULL);
 
@@ -8075,7 +8096,7 @@ static bool nvme_init_pci(NvmeCtrl *n, PCIDevice *pci_dev, Error **errp)
     ERRP_GUARD();
     uint8_t *pci_conf = pci_dev->config;
     uint64_t bar_size;
-    unsigned msix_table_offset, msix_pba_offset;
+    unsigned msix_table_offset = 0, msix_pba_offset = 0;
     int ret;
 
     pci_conf[PCI_INTERRUPT_PIN] = 1;
@@ -8097,24 +8118,38 @@ static bool nvme_init_pci(NvmeCtrl *n, PCIDevice *pci_dev, Error **errp)
         pcie_ari_init(pci_dev, 0x100);
     }
 
-    /* add one to max_ioqpairs to account for the admin queue pair */
-    bar_size = nvme_bar_size(n->params.max_ioqpairs + 1, n->params.msix_qsize,
-                             &msix_table_offset, &msix_pba_offset);
+    if (n->params.msix_exclusive_bar && !pci_is_vf(pci_dev)) {
+        bar_size = nvme_mbar_size(n->params.max_ioqpairs + 1, 0, NULL, NULL);
+        memory_region_init_io(&n->iomem, OBJECT(n), &nvme_mmio_ops, n, "nvme",
+                              bar_size);
+        pci_register_bar(pci_dev, 0, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_MEMORY |
+                         PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64, &n->iomem);
+        ret = msix_init_exclusive_bar(pci_dev, n->params.msix_qsize, 4, errp);
+    } else {
+        assert(n->params.msix_qsize >= 1);
 
-    memory_region_init(&n->bar0, OBJECT(n), "nvme-bar0", bar_size);
-    memory_region_init_io(&n->iomem, OBJECT(n), &nvme_mmio_ops, n, "nvme",
-                          msix_table_offset);
-    memory_region_add_subregion(&n->bar0, 0, &n->iomem);
+        /* add one to max_ioqpairs to account for the admin queue pair */
+        bar_size = nvme_mbar_size(n->params.max_ioqpairs + 1,
+                                  n->params.msix_qsize, &msix_table_offset,
+                                  &msix_pba_offset);
 
-    if (pci_is_vf(pci_dev)) {
-        pcie_sriov_vf_register_bar(pci_dev, 0, &n->bar0);
-    } else {
-        pci_register_bar(pci_dev, 0, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_MEMORY |
-                         PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64, &n->bar0);
+        memory_region_init(&n->bar0, OBJECT(n), "nvme-bar0", bar_size);
+        memory_region_init_io(&n->iomem, OBJECT(n), &nvme_mmio_ops, n, "nvme",
+                              msix_table_offset);
+        memory_region_add_subregion(&n->bar0, 0, &n->iomem);
+
+        if (pci_is_vf(pci_dev)) {
+            pcie_sriov_vf_register_bar(pci_dev, 0, &n->bar0);
+        } else {
+            pci_register_bar(pci_dev, 0, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_MEMORY |
+                             PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64, &n->bar0);
+        }
+
+        ret = msix_init(pci_dev, n->params.msix_qsize,
+                        &n->bar0, 0, msix_table_offset,
+                        &n->bar0, 0, msix_pba_offset, 0, errp);
     }
-    ret = msix_init(pci_dev, n->params.msix_qsize,
-                    &n->bar0, 0, msix_table_offset,
-                    &n->bar0, 0, msix_pba_offset, 0, errp);
+
     if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
         /* report that msix is not supported, but do not error out */
         warn_report_err(*errp);
@@ -8309,9 +8344,15 @@ static void nvme_realize(PCIDevice *pci_dev, Error **errp)
     if (pci_is_vf(pci_dev)) {
         /*
          * VFs derive settings from the parent. PF's lifespan exceeds
-         * that of VF's, so it's safe to share params.serial.
+         * that of VF's.
          */
         memcpy(&n->params, &pn->params, sizeof(NvmeParams));
+
+        /*
+         * Set PF's serial value to a new string memory to prevent 'serial'
+         * property object release of PF when a VF is removed from the system.
+         */
+        n->params.serial = g_strdup(pn->params.serial);
         n->subsys = pn->subsys;
     }
 
@@ -8412,6 +8453,8 @@ static Property nvme_props[] = {
                       params.sriov_max_vi_per_vf, 0),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT8("sriov_max_vq_per_vf", NvmeCtrl,
                       params.sriov_max_vq_per_vf, 0),
+    DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("msix-exclusive-bar", NvmeCtrl, params.msix_exclusive_bar,
+                     false),
     DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
 };
 
diff --git a/hw/nvme/meson.build b/hw/nvme/meson.build
index 1a6a2ca2f3..7d5caa53c2 100644
--- a/hw/nvme/meson.build
+++ b/hw/nvme/meson.build
@@ -1 +1 @@
-system_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_NVME_PCI', if_true: files('ctrl.c', 'dif.c', 'ns.c', 'subsys.c'))
+system_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_NVME_PCI', if_true: files('ctrl.c', 'dif.c', 'ns.c', 'subsys.c', 'nguid.c'))
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hw/nvme/nguid.c b/hw/nvme/nguid.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..829832bd9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw/nvme/nguid.c
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+/*
+ *  QEMU NVMe NGUID functions
+ *
+ * Copyright 2024 Google LLC
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+ * Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ * for more details.
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "qapi/visitor.h"
+#include "qemu/ctype.h"
+#include "nvme.h"
+
+#define NGUID_SEPARATOR '-'
+
+#define NGUID_VALUE_AUTO "auto"
+
+#define NGUID_FMT              \
+    "%02hhx%02hhx%02hhx%02hhx" \
+    "%02hhx%02hhx%02hhx%02hhx" \
+    "%02hhx%02hhx%02hhx%02hhx" \
+    "%02hhx%02hhx%02hhx%02hhx"
+
+#define NGUID_STR_LEN (2 * NGUID_LEN + 1)
+
+bool nvme_nguid_is_null(const NvmeNGUID *nguid)
+{
+    static NvmeNGUID null_nguid;
+    return memcmp(nguid, &null_nguid, sizeof(NvmeNGUID)) == 0;
+}
+
+static void nvme_nguid_generate(NvmeNGUID *out)
+{
+    int i;
+    uint32_t x;
+
+    QEMU_BUILD_BUG_ON((NGUID_LEN % sizeof(x)) != 0);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < NGUID_LEN; i += sizeof(x)) {
+        x = g_random_int();
+        memcpy(&out->data[i], &x, sizeof(x));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * The Linux Kernel typically prints the NGUID of an NVMe namespace using the
+ * same format as the UUID. For instance:
+ *
+ * $ cat /sys/class/block/nvme0n1/nguid
+ * e9accd3b-8390-4e13-167c-f0593437f57d
+ *
+ * When there is no UUID but there is NGUID the Kernel will print the NGUID as
+ * wwid and it won't use the UUID format:
+ *
+ * $ cat /sys/class/block/nvme0n1/wwid
+ * eui.e9accd3b83904e13167cf0593437f57d
+ *
+ * The NGUID has different fields compared to the UUID, so the grouping used in
+ * the UUID format has no relation with the 3 fields of the NGUID.
+ *
+ * This implementation won't expect a strict format as the UUID one and instead
+ * it will admit any string of hexadecimal digits. Byte groups could be created
+ * using the '-' separator. The number of bytes needs to be exactly 16 and the
+ * separator '-' has to be exactly in a byte boundary. The following are
+ * examples of accepted formats for the NGUID string:
+ *
+ * nguid="e9accd3b-8390-4e13-167c-f0593437f57d"
+ * nguid="e9accd3b83904e13167cf0593437f57d"
+ * nguid="FEDCBA9876543210-ABCDEF-0123456789"
+ */
+static bool nvme_nguid_is_valid(const char *str)
+{
+    int i;
+    int digit_count = 0;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < strlen(str); i++) {
+        const char c = str[i];
+        if (qemu_isxdigit(c)) {
+            digit_count++;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (c == NGUID_SEPARATOR) {
+            /*
+             * We need to make sure the separator is in a byte boundary, the
+             * string does not start with the separator and they are not back to
+             * back "--".
+             */
+            if ((i > 0) && (str[i - 1] != NGUID_SEPARATOR) &&
+                (digit_count % 2) == 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    /*
+     * The string should have the correct byte length and not finish with the
+     * separator
+     */
+    return (digit_count == (2 * NGUID_LEN)) && (str[i - 1] != NGUID_SEPARATOR);
+}
+
+static int nvme_nguid_parse(const char *str, NvmeNGUID *nguid)
+{
+    uint8_t *id = &nguid->data[0];
+    int ret = 0;
+    int i;
+    const char *ptr = str;
+
+    if (!nvme_nguid_is_valid(str)) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < NGUID_LEN; i++) {
+        ret = sscanf(ptr, "%02hhx", &id[i]);
+        if (ret != 1) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        ptr += 2;
+        if (*ptr == NGUID_SEPARATOR) {
+            ptr++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * When converted back to string this implementation will use a raw hex number
+ * with no separators, for instance:
+ *
+ * "e9accd3b83904e13167cf0593437f57d"
+ */
+static void nvme_nguid_stringify(const NvmeNGUID *nguid, char *out)
+{
+    const uint8_t *id = &nguid->data[0];
+    snprintf(out, NGUID_STR_LEN, NGUID_FMT,
+             id[0], id[1], id[2], id[3], id[4], id[5], id[6], id[7],
+             id[8], id[9], id[10], id[11], id[12], id[13], id[14], id[15]);
+}
+
+static void get_nguid(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name, void *opaque,
+                      Error **errp)
+{
+    Property *prop = opaque;
+    NvmeNGUID *nguid = object_field_prop_ptr(obj, prop);
+    char buffer[NGUID_STR_LEN];
+    char *p = buffer;
+
+    nvme_nguid_stringify(nguid, buffer);
+
+    visit_type_str(v, name, &p, errp);
+}
+
+static void set_nguid(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name, void *opaque,
+                      Error **errp)
+{
+    Property *prop = opaque;
+    NvmeNGUID *nguid = object_field_prop_ptr(obj, prop);
+    char *str;
+
+    if (!visit_type_str(v, name, &str, errp)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!strcmp(str, NGUID_VALUE_AUTO)) {
+        nvme_nguid_generate(nguid);
+    } else if (nvme_nguid_parse(str, nguid) < 0) {
+        error_set_from_qdev_prop_error(errp, EINVAL, obj, name, str);
+    }
+    g_free(str);
+}
+
+const PropertyInfo qdev_prop_nguid = {
+    .name  = "str",
+    .description =
+        "NGUID or \"" NGUID_VALUE_AUTO "\" for random value",
+    .get   = get_nguid,
+    .set   = set_nguid,
+};
diff --git a/hw/nvme/ns.c b/hw/nvme/ns.c
index 0eabcf5cf5..ea8db175db 100644
--- a/hw/nvme/ns.c
+++ b/hw/nvme/ns.c
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ static int nvme_ns_init(NvmeNamespace *ns, Error **errp)
     id_ns->mcl = cpu_to_le32(ns->params.mcl);
     id_ns->msrc = ns->params.msrc;
     id_ns->eui64 = cpu_to_be64(ns->params.eui64);
+    memcpy(&id_ns->nguid, &ns->params.nguid.data, sizeof(id_ns->nguid));
 
     ds = 31 - clz32(ns->blkconf.logical_block_size);
     ms = ns->params.ms;
@@ -797,6 +798,7 @@ static Property nvme_ns_props[] = {
     DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("shared", NvmeNamespace, params.shared, true),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("nsid", NvmeNamespace, params.nsid, 0),
     DEFINE_PROP_UUID_NODEFAULT("uuid", NvmeNamespace, params.uuid),
+    DEFINE_PROP_NGUID_NODEFAULT("nguid", NvmeNamespace, params.nguid),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT64("eui64", NvmeNamespace, params.eui64, 0),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("ms", NvmeNamespace, params.ms, 0),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT8("mset", NvmeNamespace, params.mset, 0),
diff --git a/hw/nvme/nvme.h b/hw/nvme/nvme.h
index 5f2ae7b28b..bed8191bd5 100644
--- a/hw/nvme/nvme.h
+++ b/hw/nvme/nvme.h
@@ -171,13 +171,27 @@ static const uint8_t nvme_fdp_evf_shifts[FDP_EVT_MAX] = {
     [FDP_EVT_RUH_IMPLICIT_RU_CHANGE]    = 33,
 };
 
+#define NGUID_LEN 16
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint8_t data[NGUID_LEN];
+} NvmeNGUID;
+
+bool nvme_nguid_is_null(const NvmeNGUID *nguid);
+
+extern const PropertyInfo qdev_prop_nguid;
+
+#define DEFINE_PROP_NGUID_NODEFAULT(_name, _state, _field) \
+    DEFINE_PROP(_name, _state, _field, qdev_prop_nguid, NvmeNGUID)
+
 typedef struct NvmeNamespaceParams {
-    bool     detached;
-    bool     shared;
-    uint32_t nsid;
-    QemuUUID uuid;
-    uint64_t eui64;
-    bool     eui64_default;
+    bool      detached;
+    bool      shared;
+    uint32_t  nsid;
+    QemuUUID  uuid;
+    NvmeNGUID nguid;
+    uint64_t  eui64;
+    bool      eui64_default;
 
     uint16_t ms;
     uint8_t  mset;
@@ -522,6 +536,7 @@ typedef struct NvmeParams {
     uint16_t sriov_vi_flexible;
     uint8_t  sriov_max_vq_per_vf;
     uint8_t  sriov_max_vi_per_vf;
+    bool     msix_exclusive_bar;
 } NvmeParams;
 
 typedef struct NvmeCtrl {
diff --git a/hw/pci-bridge/cxl_root_port.c b/hw/pci-bridge/cxl_root_port.c
index 62f96994eb..8a30da602c 100644
--- a/hw/pci-bridge/cxl_root_port.c
+++ b/hw/pci-bridge/cxl_root_port.c
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ static void cxl_rp_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 
     cxl_cstate->dvsec_offset = CXL_ROOT_PORT_DVSEC_OFFSET;
     cxl_cstate->pdev = pci_dev;
-    build_dvsecs(&crp->cxl_cstate);
+    build_dvsecs(cxl_cstate);
 
     cxl_component_register_block_init(OBJECT(pci_dev), cxl_cstate,
                                       TYPE_CXL_ROOT_PORT);
diff --git a/hw/pci-bridge/cxl_upstream.c b/hw/pci-bridge/cxl_upstream.c
index 537f9affb8..783fa6adac 100644
--- a/hw/pci-bridge/cxl_upstream.c
+++ b/hw/pci-bridge/cxl_upstream.c
@@ -289,6 +289,7 @@ static void free_default_cdat_table(CDATSubHeader **cdat_table, int num,
 
 static void cxl_usp_realize(PCIDevice *d, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     PCIEPort *p = PCIE_PORT(d);
     CXLUpstreamPort *usp = CXL_USP(d);
     CXLComponentState *cxl_cstate = &usp->cxl_cstate;
diff --git a/hw/ppc/mpc8544_guts.c b/hw/ppc/mpc8544_guts.c
index a26e83d048..e3540b0281 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/mpc8544_guts.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/mpc8544_guts.c
@@ -71,8 +71,7 @@ static uint64_t mpc8544_guts_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                                   unsigned size)
 {
     uint32_t value = 0;
-    PowerPCCPU *cpu = POWERPC_CPU(current_cpu);
-    CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUPPCState *env = cpu_env(current_cpu);
 
     addr &= MPC8544_GUTS_MMIO_SIZE - 1;
     switch (addr) {
diff --git a/hw/ppc/pnv.c b/hw/ppc/pnv.c
index 6fad628d9f..6e3a5ccdec 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/pnv.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/pnv.c
@@ -1376,11 +1376,11 @@ static void pnv_chip_power8_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     }
 
     /* Processor Service Interface (PSI) Host Bridge */
-    object_property_set_int(OBJECT(&chip8->psi), "bar", PNV_PSIHB_BASE(chip),
+    object_property_set_int(OBJECT(psi8), "bar", PNV_PSIHB_BASE(chip),
                             &error_fatal);
-    object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&chip8->psi), ICS_PROP_XICS,
+    object_property_set_link(OBJECT(psi8), ICS_PROP_XICS,
                              OBJECT(chip8->xics), &error_abort);
-    if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&chip8->psi), NULL, errp)) {
+    if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(psi8), NULL, errp)) {
         return;
     }
     pnv_xscom_add_subregion(chip, PNV_XSCOM_PSIHB_BASE,
@@ -1411,7 +1411,7 @@ static void pnv_chip_power8_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     }
     pnv_xscom_add_subregion(chip, PNV_XSCOM_OCC_BASE, &chip8->occ.xscom_regs);
     qdev_connect_gpio_out(DEVICE(&chip8->occ), 0,
-                          qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(&chip8->psi), PSIHB_IRQ_OCC));
+                          qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(psi8), PSIHB_IRQ_OCC));
 
     /* OCC SRAM model */
     memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(), PNV_OCC_SENSOR_BASE(chip),
@@ -1664,12 +1664,12 @@ static void pnv_chip_power9_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
                             &chip9->xive.xscom_regs);
 
     /* Processor Service Interface (PSI) Host Bridge */
-    object_property_set_int(OBJECT(&chip9->psi), "bar", PNV9_PSIHB_BASE(chip),
+    object_property_set_int(OBJECT(psi9), "bar", PNV9_PSIHB_BASE(chip),
                             &error_fatal);
     /* This is the only device with 4k ESB pages */
-    object_property_set_int(OBJECT(&chip9->psi), "shift", XIVE_ESB_4K,
+    object_property_set_int(OBJECT(psi9), "shift", XIVE_ESB_4K,
                             &error_fatal);
-    if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&chip9->psi), NULL, errp)) {
+    if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(psi9), NULL, errp)) {
         return;
     }
     pnv_xscom_add_subregion(chip, PNV9_XSCOM_PSIHB_BASE,
@@ -1705,7 +1705,7 @@ static void pnv_chip_power9_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     }
     pnv_xscom_add_subregion(chip, PNV9_XSCOM_OCC_BASE, &chip9->occ.xscom_regs);
     qdev_connect_gpio_out(DEVICE(&chip9->occ), 0, qdev_get_gpio_in(
-                              DEVICE(&chip9->psi), PSIHB9_IRQ_OCC));
+                              DEVICE(psi9), PSIHB9_IRQ_OCC));
 
     /* OCC SRAM model */
     memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(), PNV9_OCC_SENSOR_BASE(chip),
@@ -1720,7 +1720,7 @@ static void pnv_chip_power9_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     pnv_xscom_add_subregion(chip, PNV9_XSCOM_SBE_MBOX_BASE,
                             &chip9->sbe.xscom_mbox_regs);
     qdev_connect_gpio_out(DEVICE(&chip9->sbe), 0, qdev_get_gpio_in(
-                              DEVICE(&chip9->psi), PSIHB9_IRQ_PSU));
+                              DEVICE(psi9), PSIHB9_IRQ_PSU));
 
     /* HOMER */
     object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&chip9->homer), "chip", OBJECT(chip),
@@ -1761,7 +1761,7 @@ static void pnv_chip_power9_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
                                         PNV9_XSCOM_I2CM_SIZE,
                                 &chip9->i2c[i].xscom_regs);
         qdev_connect_gpio_out(DEVICE(&chip9->i2c[i]), 0,
-                              qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(&chip9->psi),
+                              qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(psi9),
                                                PSIHB9_IRQ_SBE_I2C));
     }
 }
@@ -2523,8 +2523,7 @@ static void pnv_machine_set_hb(Object *obj, bool value, Error **errp)
 
 static void pnv_cpu_do_nmi_on_cpu(CPUState *cs, run_on_cpu_data arg)
 {
-    PowerPCCPU *cpu = POWERPC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUPPCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     cpu_synchronize_state(cs);
     ppc_cpu_do_system_reset(cs);
diff --git a/hw/ppc/pnv_xscom.c b/hw/ppc/pnv_xscom.c
index 805b1d0c87..a17816d072 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/pnv_xscom.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/pnv_xscom.c
@@ -44,15 +44,12 @@ static void xscom_complete(CPUState *cs, uint64_t hmer_bits)
      * passed for the cpu, and no CPU completion is generated.
      */
     if (cs) {
-        PowerPCCPU *cpu = POWERPC_CPU(cs);
-        CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
-
         /*
          * TODO: Need a CPU helper to set HMER, also handle generation
          * of HMIs
          */
         cpu_synchronize_state(cs);
-        env->spr[SPR_HMER] |= hmer_bits;
+        cpu_env(cs)->spr[SPR_HMER] |= hmer_bits;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/hw/ppc/ppce500_spin.c b/hw/ppc/ppce500_spin.c
index bbce63e8a4..dfbe759481 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/ppce500_spin.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/ppce500_spin.c
@@ -90,8 +90,7 @@ static void mmubooke_create_initial_mapping(CPUPPCState *env,
 
 static void spin_kick(CPUState *cs, run_on_cpu_data data)
 {
-    PowerPCCPU *cpu = POWERPC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUPPCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     SpinInfo *curspin = data.host_ptr;
     hwaddr map_size = 64 * MiB;
     hwaddr map_start;
diff --git a/hw/ppc/spapr.c b/hw/ppc/spapr.c
index 99d3fcb185..c417f9dd52 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/spapr.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/spapr.c
@@ -3510,8 +3510,7 @@ static void spapr_machine_finalizefn(Object *obj)
 void spapr_do_system_reset_on_cpu(CPUState *cs, run_on_cpu_data arg)
 {
     SpaprMachineState *spapr = SPAPR_MACHINE(qdev_get_machine());
-    PowerPCCPU *cpu = POWERPC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUPPCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     cpu_synchronize_state(cs);
     /* If FWNMI is inactive, addr will be -1, which will deliver to 0x100 */
@@ -4008,7 +4007,6 @@ static void spapr_core_plug(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev, DeviceState *dev)
     SpaprMachineClass *smc = SPAPR_MACHINE_CLASS(mc);
     SpaprCpuCore *core = SPAPR_CPU_CORE(OBJECT(dev));
     CPUCore *cc = CPU_CORE(dev);
-    CPUState *cs;
     SpaprDrc *drc;
     CPUArchId *core_slot;
     int index;
@@ -4042,7 +4040,7 @@ static void spapr_core_plug(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev, DeviceState *dev)
         }
     }
 
-    core_slot->cpu = OBJECT(dev);
+    core_slot->cpu = CPU(dev);
 
     /*
      * Set compatibility mode to match the boot CPU, which was either set
@@ -4058,7 +4056,7 @@ static void spapr_core_plug(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev, DeviceState *dev)
 
     if (smc->pre_2_10_has_unused_icps) {
         for (i = 0; i < cc->nr_threads; i++) {
-            cs = CPU(core->threads[i]);
+            CPUState *cs = CPU(core->threads[i]);
             pre_2_10_vmstate_unregister_dummy_icp(cs->cpu_index);
         }
     }
diff --git a/hw/ppc/spapr_caps.c b/hw/ppc/spapr_caps.c
index 62abf1ba9d..0a15415a1d 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/spapr_caps.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/spapr_caps.c
@@ -194,8 +194,7 @@ static void cap_htm_apply(SpaprMachineState *spapr, uint8_t val, Error **errp)
 static void cap_vsx_apply(SpaprMachineState *spapr, uint8_t val, Error **errp)
 {
     ERRP_GUARD();
-    PowerPCCPU *cpu = POWERPC_CPU(first_cpu);
-    CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUPPCState *env = cpu_env(first_cpu);
 
     if (!val) {
         /* TODO: We don't support disabling vsx yet */
@@ -213,14 +212,12 @@ static void cap_vsx_apply(SpaprMachineState *spapr, uint8_t val, Error **errp)
 static void cap_dfp_apply(SpaprMachineState *spapr, uint8_t val, Error **errp)
 {
     ERRP_GUARD();
-    PowerPCCPU *cpu = POWERPC_CPU(first_cpu);
-    CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
 
     if (!val) {
         /* TODO: We don't support disabling dfp yet */
         return;
     }
-    if (!(env->insns_flags2 & PPC2_DFP)) {
+    if (!(cpu_env(first_cpu)->insns_flags2 & PPC2_DFP)) {
         error_setg(errp, "DFP support not available");
         error_append_hint(errp, "Try appending -machine cap-dfp=off\n");
     }
diff --git a/hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c b/hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c
index 62804cc228..b1dcb3857f 100644
--- a/hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c
+++ b/hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c
@@ -312,12 +312,12 @@ static void ccw_init(MachineState *machine)
 static void s390_cpu_plug(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
                         DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     MachineState *ms = MACHINE(hotplug_dev);
     S390CPU *cpu = S390_CPU(dev);
-    ERRP_GUARD();
 
     g_assert(!ms->possible_cpus->cpus[cpu->env.core_id].cpu);
-    ms->possible_cpus->cpus[cpu->env.core_id].cpu = OBJECT(dev);
+    ms->possible_cpus->cpus[cpu->env.core_id].cpu = CPU(dev);
 
     if (s390_has_topology()) {
         s390_topology_setup_cpu(ms, cpu, errp);
diff --git a/hw/scsi/vhost-scsi.c b/hw/scsi/vhost-scsi.c
index 58a00336c2..ae26bc19a4 100644
--- a/hw/scsi/vhost-scsi.c
+++ b/hw/scsi/vhost-scsi.c
@@ -220,6 +220,7 @@ static int vhost_scsi_set_workers(VHostSCSICommon *vsc, bool per_virtqueue)
 
 static void vhost_scsi_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     VirtIOSCSICommon *vs = VIRTIO_SCSI_COMMON(dev);
     VHostSCSICommon *vsc = VHOST_SCSI_COMMON(dev);
     Error *err = NULL;
diff --git a/hw/vfio/ap.c b/hw/vfio/ap.c
index e157aa1ff7..7c4caa5938 100644
--- a/hw/vfio/ap.c
+++ b/hw/vfio/ap.c
@@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ static void vfio_ap_unregister_irq_notifier(VFIOAPDevice *vapdev,
 
 static void vfio_ap_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     int ret;
     Error *err = NULL;
     VFIOAPDevice *vapdev = VFIO_AP_DEVICE(dev);
diff --git a/hw/vfio/container.c b/hw/vfio/container.c
index 9a775e4efc..77bdec276e 100644
--- a/hw/vfio/container.c
+++ b/hw/vfio/container.c
@@ -727,6 +727,7 @@ static void vfio_disconnect_container(VFIOGroup *group)
 
 static VFIOGroup *vfio_get_group(int groupid, AddressSpace *as, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     VFIOGroup *group;
     char path[32];
     struct vfio_group_status status = { .argsz = sizeof(status) };
diff --git a/hw/vfio/helpers.c b/hw/vfio/helpers.c
index 6789870802..47b4096c05 100644
--- a/hw/vfio/helpers.c
+++ b/hw/vfio/helpers.c
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@ static const char *index_to_str(VFIODevice *vbasedev, int index)
 int vfio_set_irq_signaling(VFIODevice *vbasedev, int index, int subindex,
                            int action, int fd, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     struct vfio_irq_set *irq_set;
     int argsz, ret = 0;
     const char *name;
@@ -613,6 +614,7 @@ bool vfio_has_region_cap(VFIODevice *vbasedev, int region, uint16_t cap_type)
 
 int vfio_device_get_name(VFIODevice *vbasedev, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     struct stat st;
 
     if (vbasedev->fd < 0) {
@@ -644,6 +646,7 @@ int vfio_device_get_name(VFIODevice *vbasedev, Error **errp)
 
 void vfio_device_set_fd(VFIODevice *vbasedev, const char *str, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     int fd = monitor_fd_param(monitor_cur(), str, errp);
 
     if (fd < 0) {
diff --git a/hw/vfio/iommufd.c b/hw/vfio/iommufd.c
index e1be224494..bafddb8f5a 100644
--- a/hw/vfio/iommufd.c
+++ b/hw/vfio/iommufd.c
@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@ static void iommufd_cdev_unbind_and_disconnect(VFIODevice *vbasedev)
 
 static int iommufd_cdev_getfd(const char *sysfs_path, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     long int ret = -ENOTTY;
     char *path, *vfio_dev_path = NULL, *vfio_path = NULL;
     DIR *dir = NULL;
diff --git a/hw/vfio/pci-quirks.c b/hw/vfio/pci-quirks.c
index 84b1a7b948..496fd1ee86 100644
--- a/hw/vfio/pci-quirks.c
+++ b/hw/vfio/pci-quirks.c
@@ -1538,6 +1538,7 @@ static bool is_valid_std_cap_offset(uint8_t pos)
 
 static int vfio_add_nv_gpudirect_cap(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     int ret, pos;
     bool c8_conflict = false, d4_conflict = false;
@@ -1630,6 +1631,7 @@ static int vfio_add_nv_gpudirect_cap(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, Error **errp)
 #define VMD_SHADOW_CAP_LEN 24
 static int vfio_add_vmd_shadow_cap(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     uint8_t membar_phys[16];
     int ret, pos = 0xE8;
 
diff --git a/hw/vfio/pci.c b/hw/vfio/pci.c
index a1522a011a..64780d1b79 100644
--- a/hw/vfio/pci.c
+++ b/hw/vfio/pci.c
@@ -2136,6 +2136,7 @@ static void vfio_check_af_flr(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, uint8_t pos)
 
 static int vfio_add_std_cap(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, uint8_t pos, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     uint8_t cap_id, next, size;
     int ret;
@@ -2942,6 +2943,7 @@ static void vfio_unregister_req_notifier(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 
 static void vfio_realize(PCIDevice *pdev, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = VFIO_PCI(pdev);
     VFIODevice *vbasedev = &vdev->vbasedev;
     char *tmp, *subsys;
diff --git a/hw/vfio/platform.c b/hw/vfio/platform.c
index a8d9b7da63..dcd2365fb3 100644
--- a/hw/vfio/platform.c
+++ b/hw/vfio/platform.c
@@ -576,6 +576,7 @@ static int vfio_base_device_init(VFIODevice *vbasedev, Error **errp)
  */
 static void vfio_platform_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     VFIOPlatformDevice *vdev = VFIO_PLATFORM_DEVICE(dev);
     SysBusDevice *sbdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
     VFIODevice *vbasedev = &vdev->vbasedev;
diff --git a/hw/virtio/vhost-user-scmi.c b/hw/virtio/vhost-user-scmi.c
index 918bb7dcf7..300847e672 100644
--- a/hw/virtio/vhost-user-scmi.c
+++ b/hw/virtio/vhost-user-scmi.c
@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ static int vu_scmi_start(VirtIODevice *vdev)
         goto err_host_notifiers;
     }
 
-    vhost_ack_features(&scmi->vhost_dev, feature_bits, vdev->guest_features);
+    vhost_ack_features(vhost_dev, feature_bits, vdev->guest_features);
 
-    ret = vhost_dev_start(&scmi->vhost_dev, vdev, true);
+    ret = vhost_dev_start(vhost_dev, vdev, true);
     if (ret < 0) {
         error_report("Error starting vhost-user-scmi: %d", ret);
         goto err_guest_notifiers;
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ static int vu_scmi_start(VirtIODevice *vdev)
      * enabling/disabling irqfd.
      */
     for (i = 0; i < scmi->vhost_dev.nvqs; i++) {
-        vhost_virtqueue_mask(&scmi->vhost_dev, vdev, i, false);
+        vhost_virtqueue_mask(vhost_dev, vdev, i, false);
     }
     return 0;
 
diff --git a/hw/virtio/vhost-vsock.c b/hw/virtio/vhost-vsock.c
index d5ca0b5a10..3d4a5a97f4 100644
--- a/hw/virtio/vhost-vsock.c
+++ b/hw/virtio/vhost-vsock.c
@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@ static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtio_vhost_vsock = {
 
 static void vhost_vsock_device_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     VHostVSockCommon *vvc = VHOST_VSOCK_COMMON(dev);
     VirtIODevice *vdev = VIRTIO_DEVICE(dev);
     VHostVSock *vsock = VHOST_VSOCK(dev);
diff --git a/hw/virtio/vhost.c b/hw/virtio/vhost.c
index 2c9ac79468..2e4e040db8 100644
--- a/hw/virtio/vhost.c
+++ b/hw/virtio/vhost.c
@@ -2199,6 +2199,7 @@ int vhost_check_device_state(struct vhost_dev *dev, Error **errp)
 
 int vhost_save_backend_state(struct vhost_dev *dev, QEMUFile *f, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     /* Maximum chunk size in which to transfer the state */
     const size_t chunk_size = 1 * 1024 * 1024;
     g_autofree void *transfer_buf = NULL;
@@ -2291,6 +2292,7 @@ fail:
 
 int vhost_load_backend_state(struct vhost_dev *dev, QEMUFile *f, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     size_t transfer_buf_size = 0;
     g_autofree void *transfer_buf = NULL;
     g_autoptr(GError) g_err = NULL;
diff --git a/hw/virtio/virtio-pci.c b/hw/virtio/virtio-pci.c
index 1a7039fb0c..cb6940fc0e 100644
--- a/hw/virtio/virtio-pci.c
+++ b/hw/virtio/virtio-pci.c
@@ -1929,7 +1929,7 @@ static void virtio_pci_device_plugged(DeviceState *d, Error **errp)
     bool modern_pio = proxy->flags & VIRTIO_PCI_FLAG_MODERN_PIO_NOTIFY;
     uint8_t *config;
     uint32_t size;
-    VirtIODevice *vdev = virtio_bus_get_device(&proxy->bus);
+    VirtIODevice *vdev = virtio_bus_get_device(bus);
 
     /*
      * Virtio capabilities present without
diff --git a/hw/xen/xen-mapcache.c b/hw/xen/xen-mapcache.c
index 4f956d048e..7f59080ba7 100644
--- a/hw/xen/xen-mapcache.c
+++ b/hw/xen/xen-mapcache.c
@@ -476,11 +476,37 @@ static void xen_invalidate_map_cache_entry_unlocked(uint8_t *buffer)
     g_free(entry);
 }
 
-void xen_invalidate_map_cache_entry(uint8_t *buffer)
+typedef struct XenMapCacheData {
+    Coroutine *co;
+    uint8_t *buffer;
+} XenMapCacheData;
+
+static void xen_invalidate_map_cache_entry_bh(void *opaque)
 {
+    XenMapCacheData *data = opaque;
+
     mapcache_lock();
-    xen_invalidate_map_cache_entry_unlocked(buffer);
+    xen_invalidate_map_cache_entry_unlocked(data->buffer);
     mapcache_unlock();
+
+    aio_co_wake(data->co);
+}
+
+void coroutine_mixed_fn xen_invalidate_map_cache_entry(uint8_t *buffer)
+{
+    if (qemu_in_coroutine()) {
+        XenMapCacheData data = {
+            .co = qemu_coroutine_self(),
+            .buffer = buffer,
+        };
+        aio_bh_schedule_oneshot(qemu_get_current_aio_context(),
+                                xen_invalidate_map_cache_entry_bh, &data);
+        qemu_coroutine_yield();
+    } else {
+        mapcache_lock();
+        xen_invalidate_map_cache_entry_unlocked(buffer);
+        mapcache_unlock();
+    }
 }
 
 void xen_invalidate_map_cache(void)
diff --git a/hw/xen/xen_pt.c b/hw/xen/xen_pt.c
index a8edabdabc..3635d1b39f 100644
--- a/hw/xen/xen_pt.c
+++ b/hw/xen/xen_pt.c
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ static void xen_pt_destroy(PCIDevice *d) {
     uint8_t intx;
     int rc;
 
-    if (machine_irq && !xen_host_pci_device_closed(&s->real_device)) {
+    if (machine_irq && !xen_host_pci_device_closed(host_dev)) {
         intx = xen_pt_pci_intx(s);
         rc = xc_domain_unbind_pt_irq(xen_xc, xen_domid, machine_irq,
                                      PT_IRQ_TYPE_PCI,
@@ -760,8 +760,8 @@ static void xen_pt_destroy(PCIDevice *d) {
         memory_listener_unregister(&s->io_listener);
         s->listener_set = false;
     }
-    if (!xen_host_pci_device_closed(&s->real_device)) {
-        xen_host_pci_device_put(&s->real_device);
+    if (!xen_host_pci_device_closed(host_dev)) {
+        xen_host_pci_device_put(host_dev);
     }
 }
 /* init */
diff --git a/hw/xen/xen_pt_config_init.c b/hw/xen/xen_pt_config_init.c
index ba4cd78238..3edaeab1e3 100644
--- a/hw/xen/xen_pt_config_init.c
+++ b/hw/xen/xen_pt_config_init.c
@@ -292,7 +292,10 @@ static int xen_pt_header_type_reg_init(XenPCIPassthroughState *s,
                                        uint32_t *data)
 {
     /* read PCI_HEADER_TYPE */
-    *data = reg->init_val | 0x80;
+    *data = reg->init_val;
+    if ((PCI_DEVICE(s)->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MULTIFUNCTION)) {
+        *data |= PCI_HEADER_TYPE_MULTI_FUNCTION;
+    }
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -677,7 +680,7 @@ static XenPTRegInfo xen_pt_emu_reg_header0[] = {
         .size       = 1,
         .init_val   = 0x00,
         .ro_mask    = 0xFF,
-        .emu_mask   = 0x00,
+        .emu_mask   = PCI_HEADER_TYPE_MULTI_FUNCTION,
         .init       = xen_pt_header_type_reg_init,
         .u.b.read   = xen_pt_byte_reg_read,
         .u.b.write  = xen_pt_byte_reg_write,
diff --git a/include/hw/boards.h b/include/hw/boards.h
index bcfde8a84d..8b8f6d5c00 100644
--- a/include/hw/boards.h
+++ b/include/hw/boards.h
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ typedef struct CPUArchId {
     uint64_t arch_id;
     int64_t vcpus_count;
     CpuInstanceProperties props;
-    Object *cpu;
+    CPUState *cpu;
     const char *type;
 } CPUArchId;
 
diff --git a/include/hw/virtio/virtio-gpu.h b/include/hw/virtio/virtio-gpu.h
index b28e7ef0d2..ed44cdad6b 100644
--- a/include/hw/virtio/virtio-gpu.h
+++ b/include/hw/virtio/virtio-gpu.h
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ struct virtio_gpu_scanout {
     uint32_t resource_id;
     struct virtio_gpu_update_cursor cursor;
     QEMUCursor *current_cursor;
+    struct virtio_gpu_framebuffer fb;
 };
 
 struct virtio_gpu_requested_state {
diff --git a/include/qapi/error.h b/include/qapi/error.h
index f21a231bb1..71f8fb2c50 100644
--- a/include/qapi/error.h
+++ b/include/qapi/error.h
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@
  *
  * Without ERRP_GUARD(), use of the @errp parameter is restricted:
  * - It must not be dereferenced, because it may be null.
- * - It should not be passed to error_prepend() or
+ * - It should not be passed to error_prepend(), error_vprepend(), or
  *   error_append_hint(), because that doesn't work with &error_fatal.
  * ERRP_GUARD() lifts these restrictions.
  *
diff --git a/linux-user/elfload.c b/linux-user/elfload.c
index 4dbca05646..60cf55b36c 100644
--- a/linux-user/elfload.c
+++ b/linux-user/elfload.c
@@ -4204,7 +4204,14 @@ static void fill_prpsinfo_note(void *data, const TaskState *ts)
      * may well have higher alignment requirements, fill locally and
      * memcpy to the destination afterward.
      */
-    struct target_elf_prpsinfo psinfo;
+    struct target_elf_prpsinfo psinfo = {
+        .pr_pid = getpid(),
+        .pr_ppid = getppid(),
+        .pr_pgrp = getpgrp(),
+        .pr_sid = getsid(0),
+        .pr_uid = getuid(),
+        .pr_gid = getgid(),
+    };
     char *base_filename;
     size_t len;
 
@@ -4217,13 +4224,6 @@ static void fill_prpsinfo_note(void *data, const TaskState *ts)
         }
     }
 
-    psinfo.pr_pid = getpid();
-    psinfo.pr_ppid = getppid();
-    psinfo.pr_pgrp = getpgrp();
-    psinfo.pr_sid = getsid(0);
-    psinfo.pr_uid = getuid();
-    psinfo.pr_gid = getgid();
-
     base_filename = g_path_get_basename(ts->bprm->filename);
     /*
      * Using strncpy here is fine: at max-length,
@@ -4522,7 +4522,9 @@ static int elf_core_dump(int signr, const CPUArchState *env)
     ret = -errno;
     mmap_unlock();
     cpu_list_unlock();
-    close(fd);
+    if (fd >= 0) {
+        close(fd);
+    }
     return ret;
 }
 #endif /* USE_ELF_CORE_DUMP */
diff --git a/linux-user/i386/cpu_loop.c b/linux-user/i386/cpu_loop.c
index 42ecb4bf0a..92beb6830c 100644
--- a/linux-user/i386/cpu_loop.c
+++ b/linux-user/i386/cpu_loop.c
@@ -323,8 +323,8 @@ void cpu_loop(CPUX86State *env)
 
 static void target_cpu_free(void *obj)
 {
-    CPUArchState *env = cpu_env(obj);
-    target_munmap(env->gdt.base, sizeof(uint64_t) * TARGET_GDT_ENTRIES);
+    target_munmap(cpu_env(obj)->gdt.base,
+                  sizeof(uint64_t) * TARGET_GDT_ENTRIES);
     g_free(obj);
 }
 
diff --git a/linux-user/ioctls.h b/linux-user/ioctls.h
index 071f7ca253..1aec9d5836 100644
--- a/linux-user/ioctls.h
+++ b/linux-user/ioctls.h
@@ -134,6 +134,12 @@
      IOCTL(FICLONE, IOC_W, TYPE_INT)
      IOCTL(FICLONERANGE, IOC_W, MK_PTR(MK_STRUCT(STRUCT_file_clone_range)))
 #endif
+#ifdef FIFREEZE
+     IOCTL(FIFREEZE, IOC_W | IOC_R, TYPE_INT)
+#endif
+#ifdef FITHAW
+     IOCTL(FITHAW, IOC_W | IOC_R, TYPE_INT)
+#endif
 
      IOCTL(FIGETBSZ, IOC_R, MK_PTR(TYPE_LONG))
 #ifdef CONFIG_FIEMAP
diff --git a/linux-user/signal.c b/linux-user/signal.c
index cc7dd78e41..1aebf3fc47 100644
--- a/linux-user/signal.c
+++ b/linux-user/signal.c
@@ -623,7 +623,6 @@ void signal_init(void)
 void force_sig(int sig)
 {
     CPUState *cpu = thread_cpu;
-    CPUArchState *env = cpu_env(cpu);
     target_siginfo_t info = {};
 
     info.si_signo = sig;
@@ -631,7 +630,7 @@ void force_sig(int sig)
     info.si_code = TARGET_SI_KERNEL;
     info._sifields._kill._pid = 0;
     info._sifields._kill._uid = 0;
-    queue_signal(env, info.si_signo, QEMU_SI_KILL, &info);
+    queue_signal(cpu_env(cpu), info.si_signo, QEMU_SI_KILL, &info);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -641,14 +640,13 @@ void force_sig(int sig)
 void force_sig_fault(int sig, int code, abi_ulong addr)
 {
     CPUState *cpu = thread_cpu;
-    CPUArchState *env = cpu_env(cpu);
     target_siginfo_t info = {};
 
     info.si_signo = sig;
     info.si_errno = 0;
     info.si_code = code;
     info._sifields._sigfault._addr = addr;
-    queue_signal(env, sig, QEMU_SI_FAULT, &info);
+    queue_signal(cpu_env(cpu), sig, QEMU_SI_FAULT, &info);
 }
 
 /* Force a SIGSEGV if we couldn't write to memory trying to set
diff --git a/linux-user/syscall.c b/linux-user/syscall.c
index 597bdf0c2d..e12d969c2e 100644
--- a/linux-user/syscall.c
+++ b/linux-user/syscall.c
@@ -6450,16 +6450,28 @@ static abi_long do_prctl(CPUArchState *env, abi_long option, abi_long arg2,
     case PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS:
     case PR_GET_IO_FLUSHER:
     case PR_SET_IO_FLUSHER:
+    case PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER:
+    case PR_GET_SPECULATION_CTRL:
+    case PR_SET_SPECULATION_CTRL:
         /* Some prctl options have no pointer arguments and we can pass on. */
         return get_errno(prctl(option, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5));
 
     case PR_GET_CHILD_SUBREAPER:
-    case PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER:
-    case PR_GET_SPECULATION_CTRL:
-    case PR_SET_SPECULATION_CTRL:
+        {
+            int val;
+            ret = get_errno(prctl(PR_GET_CHILD_SUBREAPER, &val,
+                                  arg3, arg4, arg5));
+            if (!is_error(ret) && put_user_s32(val, arg2)) {
+                return -TARGET_EFAULT;
+            }
+            return ret;
+        }
+
     case PR_GET_TID_ADDRESS:
-        /* TODO */
-        return -TARGET_EINVAL;
+        {
+            TaskState *ts = env_cpu(env)->opaque;
+            return put_user_ual(ts->child_tidptr, arg2);
+        }
 
     case PR_GET_FPEXC:
     case PR_SET_FPEXC:
diff --git a/linux-user/syscall_defs.h b/linux-user/syscall_defs.h
index 77ba343c85..744fda599e 100644
--- a/linux-user/syscall_defs.h
+++ b/linux-user/syscall_defs.h
@@ -943,6 +943,9 @@ struct target_rtc_pll_info {
 #define TARGET_FICLONE    TARGET_IOW(0x94, 9, abi_int)
 #define TARGET_FICLONERANGE TARGET_IOW(0x94, 13, struct file_clone_range)
 
+#define TARGET_FIFREEZE    TARGET_IOWR('X', 119, abi_int)
+#define TARGET_FITHAW    TARGET_IOWR('X', 120, abi_int)
+
 /*
  * Note that the ioctl numbers for FS_IOC_<GET|SET><FLAGS|VERSION>
  * claim type "long" but the actual type used by the kernel is "int".
diff --git a/meson.build b/meson.build
index b8ded80cbe..b375248a76 100644
--- a/meson.build
+++ b/meson.build
@@ -3812,6 +3812,7 @@ if host_os == 'darwin'
   entitlement = find_program('scripts/entitlement.sh')
 endif
 
+traceable = []
 emulators = {}
 foreach target : target_dirs
   config_target = config_target_mak[target]
@@ -3980,29 +3981,11 @@ foreach target : target_dirs
       emulators += {exe['name']: emulator}
     endif
 
-    if stap.found()
-      foreach stp: [
-        {'ext': '.stp-build', 'fmt': 'stap', 'bin': meson.current_build_dir() / exe['name'], 'install': false},
-        {'ext': '.stp', 'fmt': 'stap', 'bin': get_option('prefix') / get_option('bindir') / exe['name'], 'install': true},
-        {'ext': '-simpletrace.stp', 'fmt': 'simpletrace-stap', 'bin': '', 'install': true},
-        {'ext': '-log.stp', 'fmt': 'log-stap', 'bin': '', 'install': true},
-      ]
-        custom_target(exe['name'] + stp['ext'],
-                      input: trace_events_all,
-                      output: exe['name'] + stp['ext'],
-                      install: stp['install'],
-                      install_dir: get_option('datadir') / 'systemtap/tapset',
-                      command: [
-                        tracetool, '--group=all', '--format=' + stp['fmt'],
-                        '--binary=' + stp['bin'],
-                        '--target-name=' + target_name,
-                        '--target-type=' + target_type,
-                        '--probe-prefix=qemu.' + target_type + '.' + target_name,
-                        '@INPUT@', '@OUTPUT@'
-                      ],
-                      depend_files: tracetool_depends)
-      endforeach
-    endif
+    traceable += [{
+      'exe': exe['name'],
+      'probe-prefix': 'qemu.' + target_type + '.' + target_name,
+    }]
+
   endforeach
 endforeach
 
@@ -4037,6 +4020,14 @@ if have_tools
                install: true)
 
   subdir('storage-daemon')
+
+  foreach exe: [ 'qemu-img', 'qemu-io', 'qemu-nbd', 'qemu-storage-daemon']
+    traceable += [{
+      'exe': exe,
+      'probe-prefix': 'qemu.' + exe.substring(5).replace('-', '_')
+    }]
+  endforeach
+
   subdir('contrib/rdmacm-mux')
   subdir('contrib/elf2dmp')
 
@@ -4069,6 +4060,32 @@ if have_tools
   endif
 endif
 
+if stap.found()
+  foreach t: traceable
+    foreach stp: [
+      {'ext': '.stp-build', 'fmt': 'stap', 'bin': meson.current_build_dir() / t['exe'], 'install': false},
+      {'ext': '.stp', 'fmt': 'stap', 'bin': get_option('prefix') / get_option('bindir') / t['exe'], 'install': true},
+      {'ext': '-simpletrace.stp', 'fmt': 'simpletrace-stap', 'bin': '', 'install': true},
+      {'ext': '-log.stp', 'fmt': 'log-stap', 'bin': '', 'install': true},
+    ]
+      cmd = [
+        tracetool, '--group=all', '--format=' + stp['fmt'],
+        '--binary=' + stp['bin'],
+        '--probe-prefix=' + t['probe-prefix'],
+        '@INPUT@', '@OUTPUT@'
+      ]
+
+      custom_target(t['exe'] + stp['ext'],
+                    input: trace_events_all,
+                    output: t['exe'] + stp['ext'],
+                    install: stp['install'],
+                    install_dir: get_option('datadir') / 'systemtap/tapset',
+                    command: cmd,
+                    depend_files: tracetool_depends)
+    endforeach
+  endforeach
+endif
+
 subdir('scripts')
 subdir('tools')
 subdir('pc-bios')
diff --git a/migration/multifd-zlib.c b/migration/multifd-zlib.c
index 83c0374380..99821cd4d5 100644
--- a/migration/multifd-zlib.c
+++ b/migration/multifd-zlib.c
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ static int zlib_send_setup(MultiFDSendParams *p, Error **errp)
 err_free_zbuff:
     g_free(z->zbuff);
 err_deflate_end:
-    deflateEnd(&z->zs);
+    deflateEnd(zs);
 err_free_z:
     g_free(z);
     error_setg(errp, "multifd %u: %s", p->id, err_msg);
diff --git a/migration/options.c b/migration/options.c
index 9ed2fe4bee..bfd7753b69 100644
--- a/migration/options.c
+++ b/migration/options.c
@@ -481,9 +481,9 @@ static bool migrate_incoming_started(void)
  */
 bool migrate_caps_check(bool *old_caps, bool *new_caps, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     MigrationIncomingState *mis = migration_incoming_get_current();
 
-    ERRP_GUARD();
 #ifndef CONFIG_LIVE_BLOCK_MIGRATION
     if (new_caps[MIGRATION_CAPABILITY_BLOCK]) {
         error_setg(errp, "QEMU compiled without old-style (blk/-b, inc/-i) "
@@ -1105,6 +1105,8 @@ void migrate_params_init(MigrationParameters *params)
  */
 bool migrate_params_check(MigrationParameters *params, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
+
     if (params->has_compress_level &&
         (params->compress_level > 9)) {
         error_setg(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "compress_level",
diff --git a/migration/postcopy-ram.c b/migration/postcopy-ram.c
index 0273dc6a94..eccff499cb 100644
--- a/migration/postcopy-ram.c
+++ b/migration/postcopy-ram.c
@@ -283,10 +283,10 @@ static bool request_ufd_features(int ufd, uint64_t features)
 static bool ufd_check_and_apply(int ufd, MigrationIncomingState *mis,
                                 Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     uint64_t asked_features = 0;
     static uint64_t supported_features;
 
-    ERRP_GUARD();
     /*
      * it's not possible to
      * request UFFD_API twice per one fd
@@ -371,6 +371,7 @@ static int test_ramblock_postcopiable(RAMBlock *rb, Error **errp)
  */
 bool postcopy_ram_supported_by_host(MigrationIncomingState *mis, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     long pagesize = qemu_real_host_page_size();
     int ufd = -1;
     bool ret = false; /* Error unless we change it */
@@ -380,7 +381,6 @@ bool postcopy_ram_supported_by_host(MigrationIncomingState *mis, Error **errp)
     uint64_t feature_mask;
     RAMBlock *block;
 
-    ERRP_GUARD();
     if (qemu_target_page_size() > pagesize) {
         error_setg(errp, "Target page size bigger than host page size");
         goto out;
diff --git a/net/vhost-vdpa.c b/net/vhost-vdpa.c
index 8564817073..2a9ddb4552 100644
--- a/net/vhost-vdpa.c
+++ b/net/vhost-vdpa.c
@@ -1556,14 +1556,13 @@ static const VhostShadowVirtqueueOps vhost_vdpa_net_svq_ops = {
 static int vhost_vdpa_probe_cvq_isolation(int device_fd, uint64_t features,
                                           int cvq_index, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     uint64_t backend_features;
     int64_t cvq_group;
     uint8_t status = VIRTIO_CONFIG_S_ACKNOWLEDGE |
                      VIRTIO_CONFIG_S_DRIVER;
     int r;
 
-    ERRP_GUARD();
-
     r = ioctl(device_fd, VHOST_GET_BACKEND_FEATURES, &backend_features);
     if (unlikely(r < 0)) {
         error_setg_errno(errp, errno, "Cannot get vdpa backend_features");
@@ -1750,6 +1749,7 @@ static int vhost_vdpa_get_max_queue_pairs(int fd, uint64_t features,
 int net_init_vhost_vdpa(const Netdev *netdev, const char *name,
                         NetClientState *peer, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     const NetdevVhostVDPAOptions *opts;
     uint64_t features;
     int vdpa_device_fd;
diff --git a/scripts/tracetool.py b/scripts/tracetool.py
index ab7653a5ce..5de9ce96d3 100755
--- a/scripts/tracetool.py
+++ b/scripts/tracetool.py
@@ -44,12 +44,9 @@ Options:
     --help                   This help message.
     --list-backends          Print list of available backends.
     --check-backends         Check if the given backend is valid.
-    --binary <path>          Full path to QEMU binary.
-    --target-type <type>     QEMU emulator target type ('system' or 'user').
-    --target-name <name>     QEMU emulator target name.
-    --group <name>           Name of the event group
-    --probe-prefix <prefix>  Prefix for dtrace probe names
-                             (default: qemu-<target-type>-<target-name>).\
+    --binary <path>          Full path to QEMU binary (required for 'stap' backend).
+    --group <name>           Name of the event group.
+    --probe-prefix <prefix>  Prefix for dtrace probe names (required for 'stap' backend).
 """ % {
             "script" : _SCRIPT,
             "backends" : backend_descr,
@@ -67,7 +64,7 @@ def main(args):
 
     long_opts = ["backends=", "format=", "help", "list-backends",
                  "check-backends", "group="]
-    long_opts += ["binary=", "target-type=", "target-name=", "probe-prefix="]
+    long_opts += ["binary=", "probe-prefix="]
 
     try:
         opts, args = getopt.getopt(args[1:], "", long_opts)
@@ -79,8 +76,6 @@ def main(args):
     arg_format = ""
     arg_group = None
     binary = None
-    target_type = None
-    target_name = None
     probe_prefix = None
     for opt, arg in opts:
         if opt == "--help":
@@ -102,10 +97,6 @@ def main(args):
 
         elif opt == "--binary":
             binary = arg
-        elif opt == '--target-type':
-            target_type = arg
-        elif opt == '--target-name':
-            target_name = arg
         elif opt == '--probe-prefix':
             probe_prefix = arg
 
@@ -127,13 +118,8 @@ def main(args):
     if arg_format == "stap":
         if binary is None:
             error_opt("--binary is required for SystemTAP tapset generator")
-        if probe_prefix is None and target_type is None:
-            error_opt("--target-type is required for SystemTAP tapset generator")
-        if probe_prefix is None and target_name is None:
-            error_opt("--target-name is required for SystemTAP tapset generator")
-
         if probe_prefix is None:
-            probe_prefix = ".".join(["qemu", target_type, target_name])
+            error_opt("--probe-prefix is required for SystemTAP tapset generator")
 
     if len(args) < 2:
         error_opt("missing trace-events and output filepaths")
diff --git a/target/alpha/cpu.c b/target/alpha/cpu.c
index bf70173a25..05f9ee41e9 100644
--- a/target/alpha/cpu.c
+++ b/target/alpha/cpu.c
@@ -135,40 +135,27 @@ static ObjectClass *alpha_cpu_class_by_name(const char *cpu_model)
 
 static void ev4_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
-    AlphaCPU *cpu = ALPHA_CPU(obj);
-    CPUAlphaState *env = &cpu->env;
-
-    env->implver = IMPLVER_2106x;
+    cpu_env(CPU(obj))->implver = IMPLVER_2106x;
 }
 
 static void ev5_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
-    AlphaCPU *cpu = ALPHA_CPU(obj);
-    CPUAlphaState *env = &cpu->env;
-
-    env->implver = IMPLVER_21164;
+    cpu_env(CPU(obj))->implver = IMPLVER_21164;
 }
 
 static void ev56_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
-    AlphaCPU *cpu = ALPHA_CPU(obj);
-    CPUAlphaState *env = &cpu->env;
-
-    env->amask |= AMASK_BWX;
+    cpu_env(CPU(obj))->amask |= AMASK_BWX;
 }
 
 static void pca56_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
-    AlphaCPU *cpu = ALPHA_CPU(obj);
-    CPUAlphaState *env = &cpu->env;
-
-    env->amask |= AMASK_MVI;
+    cpu_env(CPU(obj))->amask |= AMASK_MVI;
 }
 
 static void ev6_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
-    AlphaCPU *cpu = ALPHA_CPU(obj);
-    CPUAlphaState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUAlphaState *env = cpu_env(CPU(obj));
 
     env->implver = IMPLVER_21264;
     env->amask = AMASK_BWX | AMASK_FIX | AMASK_MVI | AMASK_TRAP;
@@ -176,16 +163,12 @@ static void ev6_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
 
 static void ev67_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
-    AlphaCPU *cpu = ALPHA_CPU(obj);
-    CPUAlphaState *env = &cpu->env;
-
-    env->amask |= AMASK_CIX | AMASK_PREFETCH;
+    cpu_env(CPU(obj))->amask |= AMASK_CIX | AMASK_PREFETCH;
 }
 
 static void alpha_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
-    AlphaCPU *cpu = ALPHA_CPU(obj);
-    CPUAlphaState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUAlphaState *env = cpu_env(CPU(obj));
 
     env->lock_addr = -1;
 #if defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)
diff --git a/target/alpha/gdbstub.c b/target/alpha/gdbstub.c
index 0f8fa150f8..13694fd321 100644
--- a/target/alpha/gdbstub.c
+++ b/target/alpha/gdbstub.c
@@ -23,8 +23,7 @@
 
 int alpha_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    AlphaCPU *cpu = ALPHA_CPU(cs);
-    CPUAlphaState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUAlphaState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     uint64_t val;
     CPU_DoubleU d;
 
@@ -59,8 +58,7 @@ int alpha_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 
 int alpha_cpu_gdb_write_register(CPUState *cs, uint8_t *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    AlphaCPU *cpu = ALPHA_CPU(cs);
-    CPUAlphaState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUAlphaState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     target_ulong tmp = ldtul_p(mem_buf);
     CPU_DoubleU d;
 
diff --git a/target/alpha/helper.c b/target/alpha/helper.c
index 970c869771..d6d4353edd 100644
--- a/target/alpha/helper.c
+++ b/target/alpha/helper.c
@@ -286,11 +286,10 @@ static int get_physical_address(CPUAlphaState *env, target_ulong addr,
 
 hwaddr alpha_cpu_get_phys_page_debug(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr)
 {
-    AlphaCPU *cpu = ALPHA_CPU(cs);
     target_ulong phys;
     int prot, fail;
 
-    fail = get_physical_address(&cpu->env, addr, 0, 0, &phys, &prot);
+    fail = get_physical_address(cpu_env(cs), addr, 0, 0, &phys, &prot);
     return (fail >= 0 ? -1 : phys);
 }
 
@@ -298,8 +297,7 @@ bool alpha_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr, int size,
                         MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
                         bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
-    AlphaCPU *cpu = ALPHA_CPU(cs);
-    CPUAlphaState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUAlphaState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     target_ulong phys;
     int prot, fail;
 
@@ -325,8 +323,7 @@ bool alpha_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr, int size,
 
 void alpha_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    AlphaCPU *cpu = ALPHA_CPU(cs);
-    CPUAlphaState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUAlphaState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int i = cs->exception_index;
 
     if (qemu_loglevel_mask(CPU_LOG_INT)) {
@@ -435,8 +432,7 @@ void alpha_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cs)
 
 bool alpha_cpu_exec_interrupt(CPUState *cs, int interrupt_request)
 {
-    AlphaCPU *cpu = ALPHA_CPU(cs);
-    CPUAlphaState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUAlphaState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int idx = -1;
 
     /* We never take interrupts while in PALmode.  */
@@ -487,8 +483,7 @@ void alpha_cpu_dump_state(CPUState *cs, FILE *f, int flags)
         "a0",  "a1",  "a2", "a3",  "a4", "a5", "t8", "t9",
         "t10", "t11", "ra", "t12", "at", "gp", "sp"
     };
-    AlphaCPU *cpu = ALPHA_CPU(cs);
-    CPUAlphaState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUAlphaState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int i;
 
     qemu_fprintf(f, "PC      " TARGET_FMT_lx " PS      %02x\n",
diff --git a/target/alpha/mem_helper.c b/target/alpha/mem_helper.c
index a39b52c5dd..872955f5e7 100644
--- a/target/alpha/mem_helper.c
+++ b/target/alpha/mem_helper.c
@@ -42,18 +42,14 @@ static void do_unaligned_access(CPUAlphaState *env, vaddr addr, uintptr_t retadd
 void alpha_cpu_record_sigbus(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
                              MMUAccessType access_type, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
-    AlphaCPU *cpu = ALPHA_CPU(cs);
-    CPUAlphaState *env = &cpu->env;
-
-    do_unaligned_access(env, addr, retaddr);
+    do_unaligned_access(cpu_env(cs), addr, retaddr);
 }
 #else
 void alpha_cpu_do_unaligned_access(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
                                    MMUAccessType access_type,
                                    int mmu_idx, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
-    AlphaCPU *cpu = ALPHA_CPU(cs);
-    CPUAlphaState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUAlphaState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     do_unaligned_access(env, addr, retaddr);
     cs->exception_index = EXCP_UNALIGN;
@@ -67,8 +63,7 @@ void alpha_cpu_do_transaction_failed(CPUState *cs, hwaddr physaddr,
                                      int mmu_idx, MemTxAttrs attrs,
                                      MemTxResult response, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
-    AlphaCPU *cpu = ALPHA_CPU(cs);
-    CPUAlphaState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUAlphaState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     env->trap_arg0 = addr;
     env->trap_arg1 = access_type == MMU_DATA_STORE ? 1 : 0;
diff --git a/target/alpha/translate.c b/target/alpha/translate.c
index 882cf6cea0..a97cd54f0c 100644
--- a/target/alpha/translate.c
+++ b/target/alpha/translate.c
@@ -2903,8 +2903,8 @@ static void alpha_tr_insn_start(DisasContextBase *dcbase, CPUState *cpu)
 static void alpha_tr_translate_insn(DisasContextBase *dcbase, CPUState *cpu)
 {
     DisasContext *ctx = container_of(dcbase, DisasContext, base);
-    CPUAlphaState *env = cpu_env(cpu);
-    uint32_t insn = translator_ldl(env, &ctx->base, ctx->base.pc_next);
+    uint32_t insn = translator_ldl(cpu_env(cpu), &ctx->base,
+                                   ctx->base.pc_next);
 
     ctx->base.pc_next += 4;
     ctx->base.is_jmp = translate_one(ctx, insn);
diff --git a/target/arm/arm-qmp-cmds.c b/target/arm/arm-qmp-cmds.c
index 2250cd7ddf..3cc8cc738b 100644
--- a/target/arm/arm-qmp-cmds.c
+++ b/target/arm/arm-qmp-cmds.c
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 #include "qapi/qobject-input-visitor.h"
 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-machine-target.h"
 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-misc-target.h"
-#include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
 #include "qom/qom-qobject.h"
 
@@ -104,7 +103,7 @@ CpuModelExpansionInfo *qmp_query_cpu_model_expansion(CpuModelExpansionType type,
                                                      Error **errp)
 {
     CpuModelExpansionInfo *expansion_info;
-    const QDict *qdict_in = NULL;
+    const QDict *qdict_in;
     QDict *qdict_out;
     ObjectClass *oc;
     Object *obj;
@@ -151,27 +150,20 @@ CpuModelExpansionInfo *qmp_query_cpu_model_expansion(CpuModelExpansionType type,
         }
     }
 
-    if (model->props) {
-        qdict_in = qobject_to(QDict, model->props);
-        if (!qdict_in) {
-            error_setg(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_TYPE, "props", "dict");
-            return NULL;
-        }
-    }
-
     obj = object_new(object_class_get_name(oc));
 
-    if (qdict_in) {
+    if (model->props) {
         Visitor *visitor;
         Error *err = NULL;
 
         visitor = qobject_input_visitor_new(model->props);
-        if (!visit_start_struct(visitor, NULL, NULL, 0, errp)) {
+        if (!visit_start_struct(visitor, "model.props", NULL, 0, errp)) {
             visit_free(visitor);
             object_unref(obj);
             return NULL;
         }
 
+        qdict_in = qobject_to(QDict, model->props);
         i = 0;
         while ((name = cpu_model_advertised_features[i++]) != NULL) {
             if (qdict_get(qdict_in, name)) {
diff --git a/target/arm/cpu.c b/target/arm/cpu.c
index f3ed79cef2..ab8d007a86 100644
--- a/target/arm/cpu.c
+++ b/target/arm/cpu.c
@@ -214,9 +214,9 @@ static void cp_reg_check_reset(gpointer key, gpointer value,  gpointer opaque)
 
 static void arm_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
 {
-    CPUState *s = CPU(obj);
-    ARMCPU *cpu = ARM_CPU(s);
-    ARMCPUClass *acc = ARM_CPU_GET_CLASS(cpu);
+    CPUState *cs = CPU(obj);
+    ARMCPU *cpu = ARM_CPU(cs);
+    ARMCPUClass *acc = ARM_CPU_GET_CLASS(obj);
     CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;
 
     if (acc->parent_phases.hold) {
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ static void arm_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
     env->vfp.xregs[ARM_VFP_MVFR1] = cpu->isar.mvfr1;
     env->vfp.xregs[ARM_VFP_MVFR2] = cpu->isar.mvfr2;
 
-    cpu->power_state = s->start_powered_off ? PSCI_OFF : PSCI_ON;
+    cpu->power_state = cs->start_powered_off ? PSCI_OFF : PSCI_ON;
 
     if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_IWMMXT)) {
         env->iwmmxt.cregs[ARM_IWMMXT_wCID] = 0x69051000 | 'Q';
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ static void arm_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
 
         /* Load the initial SP and PC from offset 0 and 4 in the vector table */
         vecbase = env->v7m.vecbase[env->v7m.secure];
-        rom = rom_ptr_for_as(s->as, vecbase, 8);
+        rom = rom_ptr_for_as(cs->as, vecbase, 8);
         if (rom) {
             /* Address zero is covered by ROM which hasn't yet been
              * copied into physical memory.
@@ -451,8 +451,8 @@ static void arm_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
              * it got copied into memory. In the latter case, rom_ptr
              * will return a NULL pointer and we should use ldl_phys instead.
              */
-            initial_msp = ldl_phys(s->as, vecbase);
-            initial_pc = ldl_phys(s->as, vecbase + 4);
+            initial_msp = ldl_phys(cs->as, vecbase);
+            initial_pc = ldl_phys(cs->as, vecbase + 4);
         }
 
         qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT,
@@ -2095,7 +2095,7 @@ static void arm_cpu_realizefn(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
      * We rely on no XScale CPU having VFP so we can use the same bits in the
      * TB flags field for VECSTRIDE and XSCALE_CPAR.
      */
-    assert(arm_feature(&cpu->env, ARM_FEATURE_AARCH64) ||
+    assert(arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_AARCH64) ||
            !cpu_isar_feature(aa32_vfp_simd, cpu) ||
            !arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_XSCALE));
 
@@ -2145,7 +2145,7 @@ static void arm_cpu_realizefn(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     }
 
     if (cpu->cfgend) {
-        if (arm_feature(&cpu->env, ARM_FEATURE_V7)) {
+        if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V7)) {
             cpu->reset_sctlr |= SCTLR_EE;
         } else {
             cpu->reset_sctlr |= SCTLR_B;
diff --git a/target/arm/kvm.c b/target/arm/kvm.c
index 81813030a5..ab85d628a8 100644
--- a/target/arm/kvm.c
+++ b/target/arm/kvm.c
@@ -1888,7 +1888,7 @@ int kvm_arch_init_vcpu(CPUState *cs)
         cpu->psci_version = QEMU_PSCI_VERSION_0_2;
         cpu->kvm_init_features[0] |= 1 << KVM_ARM_VCPU_PSCI_0_2;
     }
-    if (!arm_feature(&cpu->env, ARM_FEATURE_AARCH64)) {
+    if (!arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_AARCH64)) {
         cpu->kvm_init_features[0] |= 1 << KVM_ARM_VCPU_EL1_32BIT;
     }
     if (!kvm_check_extension(cs->kvm_state, KVM_CAP_ARM_PMU_V3)) {
diff --git a/target/arm/machine.c b/target/arm/machine.c
index 9d7dbaea54..b2b39b2475 100644
--- a/target/arm/machine.c
+++ b/target/arm/machine.c
@@ -773,7 +773,7 @@ static int cpu_pre_load(void *opaque)
     env->irq_line_state = UINT32_MAX;
 
     if (!kvm_enabled()) {
-        pmu_op_start(&cpu->env);
+        pmu_op_start(env);
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -871,11 +871,11 @@ static int cpu_post_load(void *opaque, int version_id)
     }
 
     if (!kvm_enabled()) {
-        pmu_op_finish(&cpu->env);
+        pmu_op_finish(env);
     }
 
     if (tcg_enabled()) {
-        arm_rebuild_hflags(&cpu->env);
+        arm_rebuild_hflags(env);
     }
 
     return 0;
diff --git a/target/avr/cpu.c b/target/avr/cpu.c
index a50170bc69..45ee1b5f89 100644
--- a/target/avr/cpu.c
+++ b/target/avr/cpu.c
@@ -43,11 +43,8 @@ static vaddr avr_cpu_get_pc(CPUState *cs)
 
 static bool avr_cpu_has_work(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    AVRCPU *cpu = AVR_CPU(cs);
-    CPUAVRState *env = &cpu->env;
-
     return (cs->interrupt_request & (CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD | CPU_INTERRUPT_RESET))
-            && cpu_interrupts_enabled(env);
+            && cpu_interrupts_enabled(cpu_env(cs));
 }
 
 static int avr_cpu_mmu_index(CPUState *cs, bool ifetch)
@@ -58,28 +55,22 @@ static int avr_cpu_mmu_index(CPUState *cs, bool ifetch)
 static void avr_cpu_synchronize_from_tb(CPUState *cs,
                                         const TranslationBlock *tb)
 {
-    AVRCPU *cpu = AVR_CPU(cs);
-    CPUAVRState *env = &cpu->env;
-
     tcg_debug_assert(!(cs->tcg_cflags & CF_PCREL));
-    env->pc_w = tb->pc / 2; /* internally PC points to words */
+    cpu_env(cs)->pc_w = tb->pc / 2; /* internally PC points to words */
 }
 
 static void avr_restore_state_to_opc(CPUState *cs,
                                      const TranslationBlock *tb,
                                      const uint64_t *data)
 {
-    AVRCPU *cpu = AVR_CPU(cs);
-    CPUAVRState *env = &cpu->env;
-
-    env->pc_w = data[0];
+    cpu_env(cs)->pc_w = data[0];
 }
 
 static void avr_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
 {
     CPUState *cs = CPU(obj);
     AVRCPU *cpu = AVR_CPU(cs);
-    AVRCPUClass *mcc = AVR_CPU_GET_CLASS(cpu);
+    AVRCPUClass *mcc = AVR_CPU_GET_CLASS(obj);
     CPUAVRState *env = &cpu->env;
 
     if (mcc->parent_phases.hold) {
@@ -170,8 +161,7 @@ static ObjectClass *avr_cpu_class_by_name(const char *cpu_model)
 
 static void avr_cpu_dump_state(CPUState *cs, FILE *f, int flags)
 {
-    AVRCPU *cpu = AVR_CPU(cs);
-    CPUAVRState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUAVRState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int i;
 
     qemu_fprintf(f, "\n");
@@ -281,8 +271,7 @@ static void avr_cpu_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
  */
 static void avr_avr5_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
-    AVRCPU *cpu = AVR_CPU(obj);
-    CPUAVRState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUAVRState *env = cpu_env(CPU(obj));
 
     set_avr_feature(env, AVR_FEATURE_LPM);
     set_avr_feature(env, AVR_FEATURE_IJMP_ICALL);
@@ -310,8 +299,7 @@ static void avr_avr5_initfn(Object *obj)
  */
 static void avr_avr51_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
-    AVRCPU *cpu = AVR_CPU(obj);
-    CPUAVRState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUAVRState *env = cpu_env(CPU(obj));
 
     set_avr_feature(env, AVR_FEATURE_LPM);
     set_avr_feature(env, AVR_FEATURE_IJMP_ICALL);
@@ -340,8 +328,7 @@ static void avr_avr51_initfn(Object *obj)
  */
 static void avr_avr6_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
-    AVRCPU *cpu = AVR_CPU(obj);
-    CPUAVRState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUAVRState *env = cpu_env(CPU(obj));
 
     set_avr_feature(env, AVR_FEATURE_LPM);
     set_avr_feature(env, AVR_FEATURE_IJMP_ICALL);
diff --git a/target/avr/gdbstub.c b/target/avr/gdbstub.c
index 150344d8b9..2eeee2bf4e 100644
--- a/target/avr/gdbstub.c
+++ b/target/avr/gdbstub.c
@@ -23,8 +23,7 @@
 
 int avr_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    AVRCPU *cpu = AVR_CPU(cs);
-    CPUAVRState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUAVRState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     /*  R */
     if (n < 32) {
@@ -53,8 +52,7 @@ int avr_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 
 int avr_cpu_gdb_write_register(CPUState *cs, uint8_t *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    AVRCPU *cpu = AVR_CPU(cs);
-    CPUAVRState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUAVRState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     /*  R */
     if (n < 32) {
diff --git a/target/avr/helper.c b/target/avr/helper.c
index fdc9884ea0..eeca415c43 100644
--- a/target/avr/helper.c
+++ b/target/avr/helper.c
@@ -30,8 +30,7 @@
 
 bool avr_cpu_exec_interrupt(CPUState *cs, int interrupt_request)
 {
-    AVRCPU *cpu = AVR_CPU(cs);
-    CPUAVRState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUAVRState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     /*
      * We cannot separate a skip from the next instruction,
@@ -69,8 +68,7 @@ bool avr_cpu_exec_interrupt(CPUState *cs, int interrupt_request)
 
 void avr_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    AVRCPU *cpu = AVR_CPU(cs);
-    CPUAVRState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUAVRState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     uint32_t ret = env->pc_w;
     int vector = 0;
@@ -144,9 +142,7 @@ bool avr_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
             if (probe) {
                 page_size = 1;
             } else {
-                AVRCPU *cpu = AVR_CPU(cs);
-                CPUAVRState *env = &cpu->env;
-                env->fullacc = 1;
+                cpu_env(cs)->fullacc = 1;
                 cpu_loop_exit_restore(cs, retaddr);
             }
         }
diff --git a/target/avr/translate.c b/target/avr/translate.c
index e5dd057799..87e2bd5ef1 100644
--- a/target/avr/translate.c
+++ b/target/avr/translate.c
@@ -2657,11 +2657,10 @@ static bool canonicalize_skip(DisasContext *ctx)
 static void avr_tr_init_disas_context(DisasContextBase *dcbase, CPUState *cs)
 {
     DisasContext *ctx = container_of(dcbase, DisasContext, base);
-    CPUAVRState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     uint32_t tb_flags = ctx->base.tb->flags;
 
     ctx->cs = cs;
-    ctx->env = env;
+    ctx->env = cpu_env(cs);
     ctx->npc = ctx->base.pc_first / 2;
 
     ctx->skip_cond = TCG_COND_NEVER;
diff --git a/target/cris/cpu.c b/target/cris/cpu.c
index 163fb05d58..eb4bddcb7e 100644
--- a/target/cris/cpu.c
+++ b/target/cris/cpu.c
@@ -63,10 +63,9 @@ static int cris_cpu_mmu_index(CPUState *cs, bool ifetch)
 
 static void cris_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
 {
-    CPUState *s = CPU(obj);
-    CRISCPU *cpu = CRIS_CPU(s);
-    CRISCPUClass *ccc = CRIS_CPU_GET_CLASS(cpu);
-    CPUCRISState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUState *cs = CPU(obj);
+    CRISCPUClass *ccc = CRIS_CPU_GET_CLASS(obj);
+    CPUCRISState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     uint32_t vr;
 
     if (ccc->parent_phases.hold) {
@@ -147,10 +146,7 @@ static void cris_cpu_set_irq(void *opaque, int irq, int level)
 
 static void cris_disas_set_info(CPUState *cpu, disassemble_info *info)
 {
-    CRISCPU *cc = CRIS_CPU(cpu);
-    CPUCRISState *env = &cc->env;
-
-    if (env->pregs[PR_VR] != 32) {
+    if (cpu_env(cpu)->pregs[PR_VR] != 32) {
         info->mach = bfd_mach_cris_v0_v10;
         info->print_insn = print_insn_crisv10;
     } else {
diff --git a/target/cris/gdbstub.c b/target/cris/gdbstub.c
index 25c0ca33a5..9e87069da8 100644
--- a/target/cris/gdbstub.c
+++ b/target/cris/gdbstub.c
@@ -23,8 +23,7 @@
 
 int crisv10_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    CRISCPU *cpu = CRIS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUCRISState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUCRISState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     if (n < 15) {
         return gdb_get_reg32(mem_buf, env->regs[n]);
@@ -55,8 +54,7 @@ int crisv10_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 
 int cris_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    CRISCPU *cpu = CRIS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUCRISState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUCRISState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     uint8_t srs;
 
     srs = env->pregs[PR_SRS];
@@ -90,8 +88,7 @@ int cris_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 
 int cris_cpu_gdb_write_register(CPUState *cs, uint8_t *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    CRISCPU *cpu = CRIS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUCRISState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUCRISState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     uint32_t tmp;
 
     if (n > 49) {
diff --git a/target/cris/helper.c b/target/cris/helper.c
index c0bf987e3e..1c3f86876f 100644
--- a/target/cris/helper.c
+++ b/target/cris/helper.c
@@ -53,8 +53,7 @@ bool cris_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
                        MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
                        bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
-    CRISCPU *cpu = CRIS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUCRISState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUCRISState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     struct cris_mmu_result res;
     int prot, miss;
     target_ulong phy;
@@ -97,8 +96,7 @@ bool cris_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
 
 void crisv10_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    CRISCPU *cpu = CRIS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUCRISState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUCRISState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int ex_vec = -1;
 
     D_LOG("exception index=%d interrupt_req=%d\n",
@@ -159,8 +157,7 @@ void crisv10_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cs)
 
 void cris_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    CRISCPU *cpu = CRIS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUCRISState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUCRISState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int ex_vec = -1;
 
     D_LOG("exception index=%d interrupt_req=%d\n",
@@ -262,8 +259,7 @@ hwaddr cris_cpu_get_phys_page_debug(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr)
 bool cris_cpu_exec_interrupt(CPUState *cs, int interrupt_request)
 {
     CPUClass *cc = CPU_GET_CLASS(cs);
-    CRISCPU *cpu = CRIS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUCRISState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUCRISState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     bool ret = false;
 
     if (interrupt_request & CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD
diff --git a/target/cris/translate.c b/target/cris/translate.c
index 8f74b6c53f..b3a4d61d0a 100644
--- a/target/cris/translate.c
+++ b/target/cris/translate.c
@@ -3002,7 +3002,6 @@ static void cris_tr_insn_start(DisasContextBase *dcbase, CPUState *cpu)
 static void cris_tr_translate_insn(DisasContextBase *dcbase, CPUState *cs)
 {
     DisasContext *dc = container_of(dcbase, DisasContext, base);
-    CPUCRISState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     unsigned int insn_len;
 
     /* Pretty disas.  */
@@ -3010,7 +3009,7 @@ static void cris_tr_translate_insn(DisasContextBase *dcbase, CPUState *cs)
 
     dc->clear_x = 1;
 
-    insn_len = dc->decoder(env, dc);
+    insn_len = dc->decoder(cpu_env(cs), dc);
     dc->ppc = dc->pc;
     dc->pc += insn_len;
     dc->base.pc_next += insn_len;
@@ -3176,8 +3175,7 @@ void gen_intermediate_code(CPUState *cs, TranslationBlock *tb, int *max_insns,
 
 void cris_cpu_dump_state(CPUState *cs, FILE *f, int flags)
 {
-    CRISCPU *cpu = CRIS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUCRISState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUCRISState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     const char * const *regnames;
     const char * const *pregnames;
     int i;
diff --git a/target/hexagon/cpu.c b/target/hexagon/cpu.c
index a10d87b822..3a716b9be3 100644
--- a/target/hexagon/cpu.c
+++ b/target/hexagon/cpu.c
@@ -236,10 +236,7 @@ static void hexagon_dump(CPUHexagonState *env, FILE *f, int flags)
 
 static void hexagon_dump_state(CPUState *cs, FILE *f, int flags)
 {
-    HexagonCPU *cpu = HEXAGON_CPU(cs);
-    CPUHexagonState *env = &cpu->env;
-
-    hexagon_dump(env, f, flags);
+    hexagon_dump(cpu_env(cs), f, flags);
 }
 
 void hexagon_debug(CPUHexagonState *env)
@@ -249,25 +246,19 @@ void hexagon_debug(CPUHexagonState *env)
 
 static void hexagon_cpu_set_pc(CPUState *cs, vaddr value)
 {
-    HexagonCPU *cpu = HEXAGON_CPU(cs);
-    CPUHexagonState *env = &cpu->env;
-    env->gpr[HEX_REG_PC] = value;
+    cpu_env(cs)->gpr[HEX_REG_PC] = value;
 }
 
 static vaddr hexagon_cpu_get_pc(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    HexagonCPU *cpu = HEXAGON_CPU(cs);
-    CPUHexagonState *env = &cpu->env;
-    return env->gpr[HEX_REG_PC];
+    return cpu_env(cs)->gpr[HEX_REG_PC];
 }
 
 static void hexagon_cpu_synchronize_from_tb(CPUState *cs,
                                             const TranslationBlock *tb)
 {
-    HexagonCPU *cpu = HEXAGON_CPU(cs);
-    CPUHexagonState *env = &cpu->env;
     tcg_debug_assert(!(cs->tcg_cflags & CF_PCREL));
-    env->gpr[HEX_REG_PC] = tb->pc;
+    cpu_env(cs)->gpr[HEX_REG_PC] = tb->pc;
 }
 
 static bool hexagon_cpu_has_work(CPUState *cs)
@@ -279,18 +270,14 @@ static void hexagon_restore_state_to_opc(CPUState *cs,
                                          const TranslationBlock *tb,
                                          const uint64_t *data)
 {
-    HexagonCPU *cpu = HEXAGON_CPU(cs);
-    CPUHexagonState *env = &cpu->env;
-
-    env->gpr[HEX_REG_PC] = data[0];
+    cpu_env(cs)->gpr[HEX_REG_PC] = data[0];
 }
 
 static void hexagon_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
 {
     CPUState *cs = CPU(obj);
-    HexagonCPU *cpu = HEXAGON_CPU(cs);
-    HexagonCPUClass *mcc = HEXAGON_CPU_GET_CLASS(cpu);
-    CPUHexagonState *env = &cpu->env;
+    HexagonCPUClass *mcc = HEXAGON_CPU_GET_CLASS(obj);
+    CPUHexagonState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     if (mcc->parent_phases.hold) {
         mcc->parent_phases.hold(obj);
diff --git a/target/hexagon/gdbstub.c b/target/hexagon/gdbstub.c
index 6007e6462b..502c6987f0 100644
--- a/target/hexagon/gdbstub.c
+++ b/target/hexagon/gdbstub.c
@@ -22,8 +22,7 @@
 
 int hexagon_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    HexagonCPU *cpu = HEXAGON_CPU(cs);
-    CPUHexagonState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUHexagonState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     if (n == HEX_REG_P3_0_ALIASED) {
         uint32_t p3_0 = 0;
@@ -42,8 +41,7 @@ int hexagon_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 
 int hexagon_gdb_write_register(CPUState *cs, uint8_t *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    HexagonCPU *cpu = HEXAGON_CPU(cs);
-    CPUHexagonState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUHexagonState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     if (n == HEX_REG_P3_0_ALIASED) {
         uint32_t p3_0 = ldtul_p(mem_buf);
diff --git a/target/hppa/mem_helper.c b/target/hppa/mem_helper.c
index 3fc895c1c2..80f51e753f 100644
--- a/target/hppa/mem_helper.c
+++ b/target/hppa/mem_helper.c
@@ -538,7 +538,6 @@ void HELPER(iitlbt_pa20)(CPUHPPAState *env, target_ulong r1, target_ulong r2)
 /* Purge (Insn/Data) TLB. */
 static void ptlb_work(CPUState *cpu, run_on_cpu_data data)
 {
-    CPUHPPAState *env = cpu_env(cpu);
     vaddr start = data.target_ptr;
     vaddr end;
 
@@ -552,7 +551,7 @@ static void ptlb_work(CPUState *cpu, run_on_cpu_data data)
     end = (vaddr)TARGET_PAGE_SIZE << (2 * end);
     end = start + end - 1;
 
-    hppa_flush_tlb_range(env, start, end);
+    hppa_flush_tlb_range(cpu_env(cpu), start, end);
 }
 
 /* This is local to the current cpu. */
diff --git a/target/hppa/translate.c b/target/hppa/translate.c
index 01f3188656..eb2046c5ad 100644
--- a/target/hppa/translate.c
+++ b/target/hppa/translate.c
@@ -3811,8 +3811,7 @@ static bool trans_b_gate(DisasContext *ctx, arg_b_gate *a)
 
 #ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
     if (ctx->tb_flags & PSW_C) {
-        CPUHPPAState *env = cpu_env(ctx->cs);
-        int type = hppa_artype_for_page(env, ctx->base.pc_next);
+        int type = hppa_artype_for_page(cpu_env(ctx->cs), ctx->base.pc_next);
         /* If we could not find a TLB entry, then we need to generate an
            ITLB miss exception so the kernel will provide it.
            The resulting TLB fill operation will invalidate this TB and
diff --git a/target/i386/cpu-sysemu.c b/target/i386/cpu-sysemu.c
index 7422096737..3f9093d285 100644
--- a/target/i386/cpu-sysemu.c
+++ b/target/i386/cpu-sysemu.c
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-run-state.h"
 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
+#include "qapi/qobject-input-visitor.h"
 #include "qom/qom-qobject.h"
 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-machine-target.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
@@ -129,20 +130,36 @@ static void x86_cpu_to_dict_full(X86CPU *cpu, QDict *props)
     }
 }
 
-static void object_apply_props(Object *obj, QDict *props, Error **errp)
+static void object_apply_props(Object *obj, QObject *props,
+                               const char *props_arg_name, Error **errp)
 {
+    Visitor *visitor;
+    QDict *qdict;
     const QDictEntry *prop;
 
-    for (prop = qdict_first(props); prop; prop = qdict_next(props, prop)) {
-        if (!object_property_set_qobject(obj, qdict_entry_key(prop),
-                                         qdict_entry_value(prop), errp)) {
-            break;
+    visitor = qobject_input_visitor_new(props);
+    if (!visit_start_struct(visitor, props_arg_name, NULL, 0, errp)) {
+        visit_free(visitor);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    qdict = qobject_to(QDict, props);
+    for (prop = qdict_first(qdict); prop; prop = qdict_next(qdict, prop)) {
+        if (!object_property_set(obj, qdict_entry_key(prop),
+                                 visitor, errp)) {
+            goto out;
         }
     }
+
+    visit_check_struct(visitor, errp);
+out:
+    visit_end_struct(visitor, NULL);
+    visit_free(visitor);
 }
 
 /* Create X86CPU object according to model+props specification */
-static X86CPU *x86_cpu_from_model(const char *model, QDict *props, Error **errp)
+static X86CPU *x86_cpu_from_model(const char *model, QObject *props,
+                                  const char *props_arg_name, Error **errp)
 {
     X86CPU *xc = NULL;
     X86CPUClass *xcc;
@@ -156,7 +173,7 @@ static X86CPU *x86_cpu_from_model(const char *model, QDict *props, Error **errp)
 
     xc = X86_CPU(object_new_with_class(OBJECT_CLASS(xcc)));
     if (props) {
-        object_apply_props(OBJECT(xc), props, &err);
+        object_apply_props(OBJECT(xc), props, props_arg_name, &err);
         if (err) {
             goto out;
         }
@@ -187,8 +204,7 @@ qmp_query_cpu_model_expansion(CpuModelExpansionType type,
     QDict *props = NULL;
     const char *base_name;
 
-    xc = x86_cpu_from_model(model->name, qobject_to(QDict, model->props),
-                            &err);
+    xc = x86_cpu_from_model(model->name, model->props, "model.props", &err);
     if (err) {
         goto out;
     }
diff --git a/target/i386/cpu.c b/target/i386/cpu.c
index 2666ef3808..9a210d8d92 100644
--- a/target/i386/cpu.c
+++ b/target/i386/cpu.c
@@ -6695,9 +6695,9 @@ static void x86_cpu_set_sgxlepubkeyhash(CPUX86State *env)
 
 static void x86_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
 {
-    CPUState *s = CPU(obj);
-    X86CPU *cpu = X86_CPU(s);
-    X86CPUClass *xcc = X86_CPU_GET_CLASS(cpu);
+    CPUState *cs = CPU(obj);
+    X86CPU *cpu = X86_CPU(cs);
+    X86CPUClass *xcc = X86_CPU_GET_CLASS(obj);
     CPUX86State *env = &cpu->env;
     target_ulong cr4;
     uint64_t xcr0;
@@ -6785,8 +6785,8 @@ static void x86_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
     memset(env->dr, 0, sizeof(env->dr));
     env->dr[6] = DR6_FIXED_1;
     env->dr[7] = DR7_FIXED_1;
-    cpu_breakpoint_remove_all(s, BP_CPU);
-    cpu_watchpoint_remove_all(s, BP_CPU);
+    cpu_breakpoint_remove_all(cs, BP_CPU);
+    cpu_watchpoint_remove_all(cs, BP_CPU);
 
     cr4 = 0;
     xcr0 = XSTATE_FP_MASK;
@@ -6837,9 +6837,9 @@ static void x86_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
     env->triple_fault_pending = false;
 #if !defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)
     /* We hard-wire the BSP to the first CPU. */
-    apic_designate_bsp(cpu->apic_state, s->cpu_index == 0);
+    apic_designate_bsp(cpu->apic_state, cs->cpu_index == 0);
 
-    s->halted = !cpu_is_bsp(cpu);
+    cs->halted = !cpu_is_bsp(cpu);
 
     if (kvm_enabled()) {
         kvm_arch_reset_vcpu(cpu);
diff --git a/target/i386/hvf/x86.c b/target/i386/hvf/x86.c
index 8ceea6398e..80e36136d0 100644
--- a/target/i386/hvf/x86.c
+++ b/target/i386/hvf/x86.c
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
    return ar;
 }*/
 
-bool x86_read_segment_descriptor(struct CPUState *cpu,
+bool x86_read_segment_descriptor(CPUState *cpu,
                                  struct x86_segment_descriptor *desc,
                                  x68_segment_selector sel)
 {
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ bool x86_read_segment_descriptor(struct CPUState *cpu,
     return true;
 }
 
-bool x86_write_segment_descriptor(struct CPUState *cpu,
+bool x86_write_segment_descriptor(CPUState *cpu,
                                   struct x86_segment_descriptor *desc,
                                   x68_segment_selector sel)
 {
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ bool x86_write_segment_descriptor(struct CPUState *cpu,
     return true;
 }
 
-bool x86_read_call_gate(struct CPUState *cpu, struct x86_call_gate *idt_desc,
+bool x86_read_call_gate(CPUState *cpu, struct x86_call_gate *idt_desc,
                         int gate)
 {
     target_ulong base  = rvmcs(cpu->accel->fd, VMCS_GUEST_IDTR_BASE);
@@ -115,30 +115,30 @@ bool x86_read_call_gate(struct CPUState *cpu, struct x86_call_gate *idt_desc,
     return true;
 }
 
-bool x86_is_protected(struct CPUState *cpu)
+bool x86_is_protected(CPUState *cpu)
 {
     uint64_t cr0 = rvmcs(cpu->accel->fd, VMCS_GUEST_CR0);
     return cr0 & CR0_PE_MASK;
 }
 
-bool x86_is_real(struct CPUState *cpu)
+bool x86_is_real(CPUState *cpu)
 {
     return !x86_is_protected(cpu);
 }
 
-bool x86_is_v8086(struct CPUState *cpu)
+bool x86_is_v8086(CPUState *cpu)
 {
     X86CPU *x86_cpu = X86_CPU(cpu);
     CPUX86State *env = &x86_cpu->env;
     return x86_is_protected(cpu) && (env->eflags & VM_MASK);
 }
 
-bool x86_is_long_mode(struct CPUState *cpu)
+bool x86_is_long_mode(CPUState *cpu)
 {
     return rvmcs(cpu->accel->fd, VMCS_GUEST_IA32_EFER) & MSR_EFER_LMA;
 }
 
-bool x86_is_long64_mode(struct CPUState *cpu)
+bool x86_is_long64_mode(CPUState *cpu)
 {
     struct vmx_segment desc;
     vmx_read_segment_descriptor(cpu, &desc, R_CS);
@@ -146,24 +146,24 @@ bool x86_is_long64_mode(struct CPUState *cpu)
     return x86_is_long_mode(cpu) && ((desc.ar >> 13) & 1);
 }
 
-bool x86_is_paging_mode(struct CPUState *cpu)
+bool x86_is_paging_mode(CPUState *cpu)
 {
     uint64_t cr0 = rvmcs(cpu->accel->fd, VMCS_GUEST_CR0);
     return cr0 & CR0_PG_MASK;
 }
 
-bool x86_is_pae_enabled(struct CPUState *cpu)
+bool x86_is_pae_enabled(CPUState *cpu)
 {
     uint64_t cr4 = rvmcs(cpu->accel->fd, VMCS_GUEST_CR4);
     return cr4 & CR4_PAE_MASK;
 }
 
-target_ulong linear_addr(struct CPUState *cpu, target_ulong addr, X86Seg seg)
+target_ulong linear_addr(CPUState *cpu, target_ulong addr, X86Seg seg)
 {
     return vmx_read_segment_base(cpu, seg) + addr;
 }
 
-target_ulong linear_addr_size(struct CPUState *cpu, target_ulong addr, int size,
+target_ulong linear_addr_size(CPUState *cpu, target_ulong addr, int size,
                               X86Seg seg)
 {
     switch (size) {
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ target_ulong linear_addr_size(struct CPUState *cpu, target_ulong addr, int size,
     return linear_addr(cpu, addr, seg);
 }
 
-target_ulong linear_rip(struct CPUState *cpu, target_ulong rip)
+target_ulong linear_rip(CPUState *cpu, target_ulong rip)
 {
     return linear_addr(cpu, rip, R_CS);
 }
diff --git a/target/i386/hvf/x86.h b/target/i386/hvf/x86.h
index 947b98da41..3570f29aa9 100644
--- a/target/i386/hvf/x86.h
+++ b/target/i386/hvf/x86.h
@@ -248,30 +248,30 @@ typedef struct x68_segment_selector {
 #define BH(cpu)        RH(cpu, R_EBX)
 
 /* deal with GDT/LDT descriptors in memory */
-bool x86_read_segment_descriptor(struct CPUState *cpu,
+bool x86_read_segment_descriptor(CPUState *cpu,
                                  struct x86_segment_descriptor *desc,
                                  x68_segment_selector sel);
-bool x86_write_segment_descriptor(struct CPUState *cpu,
+bool x86_write_segment_descriptor(CPUState *cpu,
                                   struct x86_segment_descriptor *desc,
                                   x68_segment_selector sel);
 
-bool x86_read_call_gate(struct CPUState *cpu, struct x86_call_gate *idt_desc,
+bool x86_read_call_gate(CPUState *cpu, struct x86_call_gate *idt_desc,
                         int gate);
 
 /* helpers */
-bool x86_is_protected(struct CPUState *cpu);
-bool x86_is_real(struct CPUState *cpu);
-bool x86_is_v8086(struct CPUState *cpu);
-bool x86_is_long_mode(struct CPUState *cpu);
-bool x86_is_long64_mode(struct CPUState *cpu);
-bool x86_is_paging_mode(struct CPUState *cpu);
-bool x86_is_pae_enabled(struct CPUState *cpu);
+bool x86_is_protected(CPUState *cpu);
+bool x86_is_real(CPUState *cpu);
+bool x86_is_v8086(CPUState *cpu);
+bool x86_is_long_mode(CPUState *cpu);
+bool x86_is_long64_mode(CPUState *cpu);
+bool x86_is_paging_mode(CPUState *cpu);
+bool x86_is_pae_enabled(CPUState *cpu);
 
 enum X86Seg;
-target_ulong linear_addr(struct CPUState *cpu, target_ulong addr, enum X86Seg seg);
-target_ulong linear_addr_size(struct CPUState *cpu, target_ulong addr, int size,
+target_ulong linear_addr(CPUState *cpu, target_ulong addr, enum X86Seg seg);
+target_ulong linear_addr_size(CPUState *cpu, target_ulong addr, int size,
                               enum X86Seg seg);
-target_ulong linear_rip(struct CPUState *cpu, target_ulong rip);
+target_ulong linear_rip(CPUState *cpu, target_ulong rip);
 
 static inline uint64_t rdtscp(void)
 {
diff --git a/target/i386/hvf/x86_descr.c b/target/i386/hvf/x86_descr.c
index c2d2e9ee84..f33836d6cb 100644
--- a/target/i386/hvf/x86_descr.c
+++ b/target/i386/hvf/x86_descr.c
@@ -67,12 +67,12 @@ x68_segment_selector vmx_read_segment_selector(CPUState *cpu, X86Seg seg)
     return sel;
 }
 
-void vmx_write_segment_selector(struct CPUState *cpu, x68_segment_selector selector, X86Seg seg)
+void vmx_write_segment_selector(CPUState *cpu, x68_segment_selector selector, X86Seg seg)
 {
     wvmcs(cpu->accel->fd, vmx_segment_fields[seg].selector, selector.sel);
 }
 
-void vmx_read_segment_descriptor(struct CPUState *cpu, struct vmx_segment *desc, X86Seg seg)
+void vmx_read_segment_descriptor(CPUState *cpu, struct vmx_segment *desc, X86Seg seg)
 {
     desc->sel = rvmcs(cpu->accel->fd, vmx_segment_fields[seg].selector);
     desc->base = rvmcs(cpu->accel->fd, vmx_segment_fields[seg].base);
@@ -90,7 +90,9 @@ void vmx_write_segment_descriptor(CPUState *cpu, struct vmx_segment *desc, X86Se
     wvmcs(cpu->accel->fd, sf->ar_bytes, desc->ar);
 }
 
-void x86_segment_descriptor_to_vmx(struct CPUState *cpu, x68_segment_selector selector, struct x86_segment_descriptor *desc, struct vmx_segment *vmx_desc)
+void x86_segment_descriptor_to_vmx(CPUState *cpu, x68_segment_selector selector,
+                                   struct x86_segment_descriptor *desc,
+                                   struct vmx_segment *vmx_desc)
 {
     vmx_desc->sel = selector.sel;
     vmx_desc->base = x86_segment_base(desc);
@@ -107,7 +109,8 @@ void x86_segment_descriptor_to_vmx(struct CPUState *cpu, x68_segment_selector se
                     desc->type;
 }
 
-void vmx_segment_to_x86_descriptor(struct CPUState *cpu, struct vmx_segment *vmx_desc, struct x86_segment_descriptor *desc)
+void vmx_segment_to_x86_descriptor(CPUState *cpu, struct vmx_segment *vmx_desc,
+                                   struct x86_segment_descriptor *desc)
 {
     x86_set_segment_limit(desc, vmx_desc->limit);
     x86_set_segment_base(desc, vmx_desc->base);
diff --git a/target/i386/hvf/x86_descr.h b/target/i386/hvf/x86_descr.h
index c356932fa4..9f06014b56 100644
--- a/target/i386/hvf/x86_descr.h
+++ b/target/i386/hvf/x86_descr.h
@@ -29,29 +29,29 @@ typedef struct vmx_segment {
 } vmx_segment;
 
 /* deal with vmstate descriptors */
-void vmx_read_segment_descriptor(struct CPUState *cpu,
+void vmx_read_segment_descriptor(CPUState *cpu,
                                  struct vmx_segment *desc, enum X86Seg seg);
 void vmx_write_segment_descriptor(CPUState *cpu, struct vmx_segment *desc,
                                   enum X86Seg seg);
 
-x68_segment_selector vmx_read_segment_selector(struct CPUState *cpu,
+x68_segment_selector vmx_read_segment_selector(CPUState *cpu,
                                                enum X86Seg seg);
-void vmx_write_segment_selector(struct CPUState *cpu,
+void vmx_write_segment_selector(CPUState *cpu,
                                 x68_segment_selector selector,
                                 enum X86Seg seg);
 
-uint64_t vmx_read_segment_base(struct CPUState *cpu, enum X86Seg seg);
-void vmx_write_segment_base(struct CPUState *cpu, enum X86Seg seg,
+uint64_t vmx_read_segment_base(CPUState *cpu, enum X86Seg seg);
+void vmx_write_segment_base(CPUState *cpu, enum X86Seg seg,
                             uint64_t base);
 
-void x86_segment_descriptor_to_vmx(struct CPUState *cpu,
+void x86_segment_descriptor_to_vmx(CPUState *cpu,
                                    x68_segment_selector selector,
                                    struct x86_segment_descriptor *desc,
                                    struct vmx_segment *vmx_desc);
 
 uint32_t vmx_read_segment_limit(CPUState *cpu, enum X86Seg seg);
 uint32_t vmx_read_segment_ar(CPUState *cpu, enum X86Seg seg);
-void vmx_segment_to_x86_descriptor(struct CPUState *cpu,
+void vmx_segment_to_x86_descriptor(CPUState *cpu,
                                    struct vmx_segment *vmx_desc,
                                    struct x86_segment_descriptor *desc);
 
diff --git a/target/i386/hvf/x86_emu.h b/target/i386/hvf/x86_emu.h
index 4b846ba80e..8bd97608c4 100644
--- a/target/i386/hvf/x86_emu.h
+++ b/target/i386/hvf/x86_emu.h
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
 void init_emu(void);
 bool exec_instruction(CPUX86State *env, struct x86_decode *ins);
 
-void load_regs(struct CPUState *cpu);
-void store_regs(struct CPUState *cpu);
+void load_regs(CPUState *cpu);
+void store_regs(CPUState *cpu);
 
 void simulate_rdmsr(CPUX86State *env);
 void simulate_wrmsr(CPUX86State *env);
diff --git a/target/i386/hvf/x86_mmu.c b/target/i386/hvf/x86_mmu.c
index 8cd08622a1..649074a7d2 100644
--- a/target/i386/hvf/x86_mmu.c
+++ b/target/i386/hvf/x86_mmu.c
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ struct gpt_translation {
     bool exec_access;
 };
 
-static int gpt_top_level(struct CPUState *cpu, bool pae)
+static int gpt_top_level(CPUState *cpu, bool pae)
 {
     if (!pae) {
         return 2;
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ static inline int pte_size(bool pae)
 }
 
 
-static bool get_pt_entry(struct CPUState *cpu, struct gpt_translation *pt,
+static bool get_pt_entry(CPUState *cpu, struct gpt_translation *pt,
                          int level, bool pae)
 {
     int index;
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ static bool get_pt_entry(struct CPUState *cpu, struct gpt_translation *pt,
 }
 
 /* test page table entry */
-static bool test_pt_entry(struct CPUState *cpu, struct gpt_translation *pt,
+static bool test_pt_entry(CPUState *cpu, struct gpt_translation *pt,
                           int level, bool *is_large, bool pae)
 {
     uint64_t pte = pt->pte[level];
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ static inline uint64_t large_page_gpa(struct gpt_translation *pt, bool pae)
 
 
 
-static bool walk_gpt(struct CPUState *cpu, target_ulong addr, int err_code,
+static bool walk_gpt(CPUState *cpu, target_ulong addr, int err_code,
                      struct gpt_translation *pt, bool pae)
 {
     int top_level, level;
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ static bool walk_gpt(struct CPUState *cpu, target_ulong addr, int err_code,
 }
 
 
-bool mmu_gva_to_gpa(struct CPUState *cpu, target_ulong gva, uint64_t *gpa)
+bool mmu_gva_to_gpa(CPUState *cpu, target_ulong gva, uint64_t *gpa)
 {
     bool res;
     struct gpt_translation pt;
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ bool mmu_gva_to_gpa(struct CPUState *cpu, target_ulong gva, uint64_t *gpa)
     return false;
 }
 
-void vmx_write_mem(struct CPUState *cpu, target_ulong gva, void *data, int bytes)
+void vmx_write_mem(CPUState *cpu, target_ulong gva, void *data, int bytes)
 {
     uint64_t gpa;
 
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ void vmx_write_mem(struct CPUState *cpu, target_ulong gva, void *data, int bytes
     }
 }
 
-void vmx_read_mem(struct CPUState *cpu, void *data, target_ulong gva, int bytes)
+void vmx_read_mem(CPUState *cpu, void *data, target_ulong gva, int bytes)
 {
     uint64_t gpa;
 
diff --git a/target/i386/hvf/x86_mmu.h b/target/i386/hvf/x86_mmu.h
index 9ae8a548de..9447ae072c 100644
--- a/target/i386/hvf/x86_mmu.h
+++ b/target/i386/hvf/x86_mmu.h
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@
 #define MMU_PAGE_US             (1 << 2)
 #define MMU_PAGE_NX             (1 << 3)
 
-bool mmu_gva_to_gpa(struct CPUState *cpu, target_ulong gva, uint64_t *gpa);
+bool mmu_gva_to_gpa(CPUState *cpu, target_ulong gva, uint64_t *gpa);
 
-void vmx_write_mem(struct CPUState *cpu, target_ulong gva, void *data, int bytes);
-void vmx_read_mem(struct CPUState *cpu, void *data, target_ulong gva, int bytes);
+void vmx_write_mem(CPUState *cpu, target_ulong gva, void *data, int bytes);
+void vmx_read_mem(CPUState *cpu, void *data, target_ulong gva, int bytes);
 
 #endif /* X86_MMU_H */
diff --git a/target/i386/hvf/x86hvf.c b/target/i386/hvf/x86hvf.c
index 3b1ef5f49a..be2c46246e 100644
--- a/target/i386/hvf/x86hvf.c
+++ b/target/i386/hvf/x86hvf.c
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ bool hvf_inject_interrupts(CPUState *cs)
     if (!(env->hflags & HF_INHIBIT_IRQ_MASK) &&
         (cs->interrupt_request & CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD) &&
         (env->eflags & IF_MASK) && !(info & VMCS_INTR_VALID)) {
-        int line = cpu_get_pic_interrupt(&x86cpu->env);
+        int line = cpu_get_pic_interrupt(env);
         cs->interrupt_request &= ~CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD;
         if (line >= 0) {
             wvmcs(cs->accel->fd, VMCS_ENTRY_INTR_INFO, line |
diff --git a/target/i386/nvmm/nvmm-all.c b/target/i386/nvmm/nvmm-all.c
index cfdca91123..49a3a3b916 100644
--- a/target/i386/nvmm/nvmm-all.c
+++ b/target/i386/nvmm/nvmm-all.c
@@ -340,7 +340,6 @@ nvmm_get_registers(CPUState *cpu)
 static bool
 nvmm_can_take_int(CPUState *cpu)
 {
-    CPUX86State *env = cpu_env(cpu);
     AccelCPUState *qcpu = cpu->accel;
     struct nvmm_vcpu *vcpu = &qcpu->vcpu;
     struct nvmm_machine *mach = get_nvmm_mach();
@@ -349,7 +348,7 @@ nvmm_can_take_int(CPUState *cpu)
         return false;
     }
 
-    if (qcpu->int_shadow || !(env->eflags & IF_MASK)) {
+    if (qcpu->int_shadow || !(cpu_env(cpu)->eflags & IF_MASK)) {
         struct nvmm_x64_state *state = vcpu->state;
 
         /* Exit on interrupt window. */
@@ -645,13 +644,12 @@ static int
 nvmm_handle_halted(struct nvmm_machine *mach, CPUState *cpu,
     struct nvmm_vcpu_exit *exit)
 {
-    CPUX86State *env = cpu_env(cpu);
     int ret = 0;
 
     bql_lock();
 
     if (!((cpu->interrupt_request & CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD) &&
-          (env->eflags & IF_MASK)) &&
+          (cpu_env(cpu)->eflags & IF_MASK)) &&
         !(cpu->interrupt_request & CPU_INTERRUPT_NMI)) {
         cpu->exception_index = EXCP_HLT;
         cpu->halted = true;
diff --git a/target/i386/whpx/whpx-all.c b/target/i386/whpx/whpx-all.c
index a7262654ac..31eec7048c 100644
--- a/target/i386/whpx/whpx-all.c
+++ b/target/i386/whpx/whpx-all.c
@@ -300,7 +300,6 @@ static SegmentCache whpx_seg_h2q(const WHV_X64_SEGMENT_REGISTER *hs)
 /* X64 Extended Control Registers */
 static void whpx_set_xcrs(CPUState *cpu)
 {
-    CPUX86State *env = cpu_env(cpu);
     HRESULT hr;
     struct whpx_state *whpx = &whpx_global;
     WHV_REGISTER_VALUE xcr0;
@@ -311,7 +310,7 @@ static void whpx_set_xcrs(CPUState *cpu)
     }
 
     /* Only xcr0 is supported by the hypervisor currently */
-    xcr0.Reg64 = env->xcr0;
+    xcr0.Reg64 = cpu_env(cpu)->xcr0;
     hr = whp_dispatch.WHvSetVirtualProcessorRegisters(
         whpx->partition, cpu->cpu_index, &xcr0_name, 1, &xcr0);
     if (FAILED(hr)) {
@@ -321,7 +320,6 @@ static void whpx_set_xcrs(CPUState *cpu)
 
 static int whpx_set_tsc(CPUState *cpu)
 {
-    CPUX86State *env = cpu_env(cpu);
     WHV_REGISTER_NAME tsc_reg = WHvX64RegisterTsc;
     WHV_REGISTER_VALUE tsc_val;
     HRESULT hr;
@@ -345,7 +343,7 @@ static int whpx_set_tsc(CPUState *cpu)
         }
     }
 
-    tsc_val.Reg64 = env->tsc;
+    tsc_val.Reg64 = cpu_env(cpu)->tsc;
     hr = whp_dispatch.WHvSetVirtualProcessorRegisters(
         whpx->partition, cpu->cpu_index, &tsc_reg, 1, &tsc_val);
     if (FAILED(hr)) {
@@ -556,7 +554,6 @@ static void whpx_set_registers(CPUState *cpu, int level)
 
 static int whpx_get_tsc(CPUState *cpu)
 {
-    CPUX86State *env = cpu_env(cpu);
     WHV_REGISTER_NAME tsc_reg = WHvX64RegisterTsc;
     WHV_REGISTER_VALUE tsc_val;
     HRESULT hr;
@@ -569,14 +566,13 @@ static int whpx_get_tsc(CPUState *cpu)
         return -1;
     }
 
-    env->tsc = tsc_val.Reg64;
+    cpu_env(cpu)->tsc = tsc_val.Reg64;
     return 0;
 }
 
 /* X64 Extended Control Registers */
 static void whpx_get_xcrs(CPUState *cpu)
 {
-    CPUX86State *env = cpu_env(cpu);
     HRESULT hr;
     struct whpx_state *whpx = &whpx_global;
     WHV_REGISTER_VALUE xcr0;
@@ -594,7 +590,7 @@ static void whpx_get_xcrs(CPUState *cpu)
         return;
     }
 
-    env->xcr0 = xcr0.Reg64;
+    cpu_env(cpu)->xcr0 = xcr0.Reg64;
 }
 
 static void whpx_get_registers(CPUState *cpu)
@@ -1400,8 +1396,7 @@ static vaddr whpx_vcpu_get_pc(CPUState *cpu, bool exit_context_valid)
 {
     if (cpu->vcpu_dirty) {
         /* The CPU registers have been modified by other parts of QEMU. */
-        CPUArchState *env = cpu_env(cpu);
-        return env->eip;
+        return cpu_env(cpu)->eip;
     } else if (exit_context_valid) {
         /*
          * The CPU registers have not been modified by neither other parts
@@ -1439,12 +1434,11 @@ static vaddr whpx_vcpu_get_pc(CPUState *cpu, bool exit_context_valid)
 
 static int whpx_handle_halt(CPUState *cpu)
 {
-    CPUX86State *env = cpu_env(cpu);
     int ret = 0;
 
     bql_lock();
     if (!((cpu->interrupt_request & CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD) &&
-          (env->eflags & IF_MASK)) &&
+          (cpu_env(cpu)->eflags & IF_MASK)) &&
         !(cpu->interrupt_request & CPU_INTERRUPT_NMI)) {
         cpu->exception_index = EXCP_HLT;
         cpu->halted = true;
diff --git a/target/loongarch/cpu.c b/target/loongarch/cpu.c
index bc2684179f..f6ffb3aadb 100644
--- a/target/loongarch/cpu.c
+++ b/target/loongarch/cpu.c
@@ -91,18 +91,12 @@ void G_NORETURN do_raise_exception(CPULoongArchState *env,
 
 static void loongarch_cpu_set_pc(CPUState *cs, vaddr value)
 {
-    LoongArchCPU *cpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cs);
-    CPULoongArchState *env = &cpu->env;
-
-    set_pc(env, value);
+    set_pc(cpu_env(cs), value);
 }
 
 static vaddr loongarch_cpu_get_pc(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    LoongArchCPU *cpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cs);
-    CPULoongArchState *env = &cpu->env;
-
-    return env->pc;
+    return cpu_env(cs)->pc;
 }
 
 #ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
@@ -157,8 +151,7 @@ static inline bool cpu_loongarch_hw_interrupts_pending(CPULoongArchState *env)
 #ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
 static void loongarch_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    LoongArchCPU *cpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cs);
-    CPULoongArchState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPULoongArchState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     bool update_badinstr = 1;
     int cause = -1;
     const char *name;
@@ -308,8 +301,7 @@ static void loongarch_cpu_do_transaction_failed(CPUState *cs, hwaddr physaddr,
                                                 MemTxResult response,
                                                 uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
-    LoongArchCPU *cpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cs);
-    CPULoongArchState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPULoongArchState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     if (access_type == MMU_INST_FETCH) {
         do_raise_exception(env, EXCCODE_ADEF, retaddr);
@@ -321,8 +313,7 @@ static void loongarch_cpu_do_transaction_failed(CPUState *cs, hwaddr physaddr,
 static bool loongarch_cpu_exec_interrupt(CPUState *cs, int interrupt_request)
 {
     if (interrupt_request & CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD) {
-        LoongArchCPU *cpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cs);
-        CPULoongArchState *env = &cpu->env;
+        CPULoongArchState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
         if (cpu_loongarch_hw_interrupts_enabled(env) &&
             cpu_loongarch_hw_interrupts_pending(env)) {
@@ -339,21 +330,15 @@ static bool loongarch_cpu_exec_interrupt(CPUState *cs, int interrupt_request)
 static void loongarch_cpu_synchronize_from_tb(CPUState *cs,
                                               const TranslationBlock *tb)
 {
-    LoongArchCPU *cpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cs);
-    CPULoongArchState *env = &cpu->env;
-
     tcg_debug_assert(!(cs->tcg_cflags & CF_PCREL));
-    set_pc(env, tb->pc);
+    set_pc(cpu_env(cs), tb->pc);
 }
 
 static void loongarch_restore_state_to_opc(CPUState *cs,
                                            const TranslationBlock *tb,
                                            const uint64_t *data)
 {
-    LoongArchCPU *cpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cs);
-    CPULoongArchState *env = &cpu->env;
-
-    set_pc(env, data[0]);
+    set_pc(cpu_env(cs), data[0]);
 }
 #endif /* CONFIG_TCG */
 
@@ -362,12 +347,10 @@ static bool loongarch_cpu_has_work(CPUState *cs)
 #ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
     return true;
 #else
-    LoongArchCPU *cpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cs);
-    CPULoongArchState *env = &cpu->env;
     bool has_work = false;
 
     if ((cs->interrupt_request & CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD) &&
-        cpu_loongarch_hw_interrupts_pending(env)) {
+        cpu_loongarch_hw_interrupts_pending(cpu_env(cs))) {
         has_work = true;
     }
 
@@ -509,9 +492,8 @@ static void loongarch_max_initfn(Object *obj)
 static void loongarch_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
 {
     CPUState *cs = CPU(obj);
-    LoongArchCPU *cpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cs);
-    LoongArchCPUClass *lacc = LOONGARCH_CPU_GET_CLASS(cpu);
-    CPULoongArchState *env = &cpu->env;
+    LoongArchCPUClass *lacc = LOONGARCH_CPU_GET_CLASS(obj);
+    CPULoongArchState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     if (lacc->parent_phases.hold) {
         lacc->parent_phases.hold(obj);
@@ -694,8 +676,7 @@ static ObjectClass *loongarch_cpu_class_by_name(const char *cpu_model)
 
 void loongarch_cpu_dump_state(CPUState *cs, FILE *f, int flags)
 {
-    LoongArchCPU *cpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cs);
-    CPULoongArchState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPULoongArchState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int i;
 
     qemu_fprintf(f, " PC=%016" PRIx64 " ", env->pc);
diff --git a/target/loongarch/cpu_helper.c b/target/loongarch/cpu_helper.c
index 45f821d086..960eec9567 100644
--- a/target/loongarch/cpu_helper.c
+++ b/target/loongarch/cpu_helper.c
@@ -218,8 +218,7 @@ int get_physical_address(CPULoongArchState *env, hwaddr *physical,
 
 hwaddr loongarch_cpu_get_phys_page_debug(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr)
 {
-    LoongArchCPU *cpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cs);
-    CPULoongArchState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPULoongArchState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     hwaddr phys_addr;
     int prot;
 
diff --git a/target/loongarch/gdbstub.c b/target/loongarch/gdbstub.c
index 22c6889011..a0e1439bd0 100644
--- a/target/loongarch/gdbstub.c
+++ b/target/loongarch/gdbstub.c
@@ -33,8 +33,7 @@ void write_fcc(CPULoongArchState *env, uint64_t val)
 
 int loongarch_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    LoongArchCPU *cpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cs);
-    CPULoongArchState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPULoongArchState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     uint64_t val;
 
     if (0 <= n && n < 32) {
@@ -60,8 +59,7 @@ int loongarch_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 
 int loongarch_cpu_gdb_write_register(CPUState *cs, uint8_t *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    LoongArchCPU *cpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cs);
-    CPULoongArchState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPULoongArchState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     target_ulong tmp;
     int read_length;
     int length = 0;
diff --git a/target/loongarch/kvm/kvm.c b/target/loongarch/kvm/kvm.c
index 11a69a3b4e..d630cc39cb 100644
--- a/target/loongarch/kvm/kvm.c
+++ b/target/loongarch/kvm/kvm.c
@@ -37,8 +37,7 @@ static int kvm_loongarch_get_regs_core(CPUState *cs)
     int ret = 0;
     int i;
     struct kvm_regs regs;
-    LoongArchCPU *cpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cs);
-    CPULoongArchState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPULoongArchState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     /* Get the current register set as KVM seems it */
     ret = kvm_vcpu_ioctl(cs, KVM_GET_REGS, &regs);
@@ -61,8 +60,7 @@ static int kvm_loongarch_put_regs_core(CPUState *cs)
     int ret = 0;
     int i;
     struct kvm_regs regs;
-    LoongArchCPU *cpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cs);
-    CPULoongArchState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPULoongArchState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     /* Set the registers based on QEMU's view of things */
     for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
@@ -81,8 +79,7 @@ static int kvm_loongarch_put_regs_core(CPUState *cs)
 static int kvm_loongarch_get_csr(CPUState *cs)
 {
     int ret = 0;
-    LoongArchCPU *cpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cs);
-    CPULoongArchState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPULoongArchState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     ret |= kvm_get_one_reg(cs, KVM_IOC_CSRID(LOONGARCH_CSR_CRMD),
                            &env->CSR_CRMD);
@@ -252,8 +249,7 @@ static int kvm_loongarch_get_csr(CPUState *cs)
 static int kvm_loongarch_put_csr(CPUState *cs, int level)
 {
     int ret = 0;
-    LoongArchCPU *cpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cs);
-    CPULoongArchState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPULoongArchState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     ret |= kvm_set_one_reg(cs, KVM_IOC_CSRID(LOONGARCH_CSR_CRMD),
                            &env->CSR_CRMD);
@@ -429,9 +425,7 @@ static int kvm_loongarch_get_regs_fp(CPUState *cs)
 {
     int ret, i;
     struct kvm_fpu fpu;
-
-    LoongArchCPU *cpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cs);
-    CPULoongArchState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPULoongArchState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     ret = kvm_vcpu_ioctl(cs, KVM_GET_FPU, &fpu);
     if (ret < 0) {
@@ -455,9 +449,7 @@ static int kvm_loongarch_put_regs_fp(CPUState *cs)
 {
     int ret, i;
     struct kvm_fpu fpu;
-
-    LoongArchCPU *cpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cs);
-    CPULoongArchState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPULoongArchState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     fpu.fcsr = env->fcsr0;
     fpu.fcc = 0;
@@ -486,8 +478,7 @@ static int kvm_loongarch_get_mpstate(CPUState *cs)
 {
     int ret = 0;
     struct kvm_mp_state mp_state;
-    LoongArchCPU *cpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cs);
-    CPULoongArchState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPULoongArchState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     if (cap_has_mp_state) {
         ret = kvm_vcpu_ioctl(cs, KVM_GET_MP_STATE, &mp_state);
@@ -504,12 +495,8 @@ static int kvm_loongarch_get_mpstate(CPUState *cs)
 static int kvm_loongarch_put_mpstate(CPUState *cs)
 {
     int ret = 0;
-
-    LoongArchCPU *cpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cs);
-    CPULoongArchState *env = &cpu->env;
-
     struct kvm_mp_state mp_state = {
-        .mp_state = env->mp_state
+        .mp_state = cpu_env(cs)->mp_state
     };
 
     if (cap_has_mp_state) {
@@ -526,8 +513,7 @@ static int kvm_loongarch_get_cpucfg(CPUState *cs)
 {
     int i, ret = 0;
     uint64_t val;
-    LoongArchCPU *cpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cs);
-    CPULoongArchState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPULoongArchState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     for (i = 0; i < 21; i++) {
         ret = kvm_get_one_reg(cs, KVM_IOC_CPUCFG(i), &val);
@@ -548,8 +534,7 @@ static int kvm_check_cpucfg2(CPUState *cs)
         .attr = 2,
         .addr = (uint64_t)&val,
     };
-    LoongArchCPU *cpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cs);
-    CPULoongArchState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPULoongArchState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     ret = kvm_vcpu_ioctl(cs, KVM_HAS_DEVICE_ATTR, &attr);
 
@@ -574,8 +559,7 @@ static int kvm_check_cpucfg2(CPUState *cs)
 static int kvm_loongarch_put_cpucfg(CPUState *cs)
 {
     int i, ret = 0;
-    LoongArchCPU *cpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cs);
-    CPULoongArchState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPULoongArchState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     uint64_t val;
 
     for (i = 0; i < 21; i++) {
@@ -757,8 +741,7 @@ bool kvm_arch_cpu_check_are_resettable(void)
 int kvm_arch_handle_exit(CPUState *cs, struct kvm_run *run)
 {
     int ret = 0;
-    LoongArchCPU *cpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cs);
-    CPULoongArchState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPULoongArchState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     MemTxAttrs attrs = {};
 
     attrs.requester_id = env_cpu(env)->cpu_index;
diff --git a/target/loongarch/loongarch-qmp-cmds.c b/target/loongarch/loongarch-qmp-cmds.c
index ec33ce81f0..8721a5eb13 100644
--- a/target/loongarch/loongarch-qmp-cmds.c
+++ b/target/loongarch/loongarch-qmp-cmds.c
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 #include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-machine-target.h"
 #include "cpu.h"
-#include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
 #include "qapi/qobject-input-visitor.h"
 #include "qom/qom-qobject.h"
@@ -48,6 +47,8 @@ CpuModelExpansionInfo *qmp_query_cpu_model_expansion(CpuModelExpansionType type,
                                                      CpuModelInfo *model,
                                                      Error **errp)
 {
+    Visitor *visitor;
+    bool ok;
     CpuModelExpansionInfo *expansion_info;
     QDict *qdict_out;
     ObjectClass *oc;
@@ -60,6 +61,21 @@ CpuModelExpansionInfo *qmp_query_cpu_model_expansion(CpuModelExpansionType type,
         return NULL;
     }
 
+    if (model->props) {
+        visitor = qobject_input_visitor_new(model->props);
+        if (!visit_start_struct(visitor, "model.props", NULL, 0, errp)) {
+            visit_free(visitor);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        ok = visit_check_struct(visitor, errp);
+        visit_end_struct(visitor, NULL);
+        visit_free(visitor);
+        if (!ok) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
     oc = cpu_class_by_name(TYPE_LOONGARCH_CPU, model->name);
     if (!oc) {
         error_setg(errp, "The CPU type '%s' is not a recognized LoongArch CPU type",
diff --git a/target/loongarch/tcg/tlb_helper.c b/target/loongarch/tcg/tlb_helper.c
index a08c08b05a..22be031ac7 100644
--- a/target/loongarch/tcg/tlb_helper.c
+++ b/target/loongarch/tcg/tlb_helper.c
@@ -449,8 +449,7 @@ bool loongarch_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
                             MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
                             bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
-    LoongArchCPU *cpu = LOONGARCH_CPU(cs);
-    CPULoongArchState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPULoongArchState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     hwaddr physical;
     int prot;
     int ret;
diff --git a/target/loongarch/tcg/translate.c b/target/loongarch/tcg/translate.c
index 58674cb268..7567712655 100644
--- a/target/loongarch/tcg/translate.c
+++ b/target/loongarch/tcg/translate.c
@@ -282,10 +282,9 @@ static uint64_t make_address_pc(DisasContext *ctx, uint64_t addr)
 
 static void loongarch_tr_translate_insn(DisasContextBase *dcbase, CPUState *cs)
 {
-    CPULoongArchState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     DisasContext *ctx = container_of(dcbase, DisasContext, base);
 
-    ctx->opcode = translator_ldl(env, &ctx->base, ctx->base.pc_next);
+    ctx->opcode = translator_ldl(cpu_env(cs), &ctx->base, ctx->base.pc_next);
 
     if (!decode(ctx, ctx->opcode)) {
         qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP, "Error: unknown opcode. "
diff --git a/target/m68k/cpu.c b/target/m68k/cpu.c
index cc6e4537be..7c8efbb42c 100644
--- a/target/m68k/cpu.c
+++ b/target/m68k/cpu.c
@@ -73,10 +73,9 @@ static void m68k_unset_feature(CPUM68KState *env, int feature)
 
 static void m68k_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
 {
-    CPUState *s = CPU(obj);
-    M68kCPU *cpu = M68K_CPU(s);
-    M68kCPUClass *mcc = M68K_CPU_GET_CLASS(cpu);
-    CPUM68KState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUState *cs = CPU(obj);
+    M68kCPUClass *mcc = M68K_CPU_GET_CLASS(obj);
+    CPUM68KState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     floatx80 nan = floatx80_default_nan(NULL);
     int i;
 
@@ -122,8 +121,7 @@ static ObjectClass *m68k_cpu_class_by_name(const char *cpu_model)
 
 static void m5206_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
-    M68kCPU *cpu = M68K_CPU(obj);
-    CPUM68KState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUM68KState *env = cpu_env(CPU(obj));
 
     m68k_set_feature(env, M68K_FEATURE_CF_ISA_A);
     m68k_set_feature(env, M68K_FEATURE_MOVEFROMSR_PRIV);
@@ -132,8 +130,7 @@ static void m5206_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
 /* Base feature set, including isns. for m68k family */
 static void m68000_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
-    M68kCPU *cpu = M68K_CPU(obj);
-    CPUM68KState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUM68KState *env = cpu_env(CPU(obj));
 
     m68k_set_feature(env, M68K_FEATURE_M68K);
     m68k_set_feature(env, M68K_FEATURE_USP);
@@ -147,8 +144,7 @@ static void m68000_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
  */
 static void m68010_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
-    M68kCPU *cpu = M68K_CPU(obj);
-    CPUM68KState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUM68KState *env = cpu_env(CPU(obj));
 
     m68000_cpu_initfn(obj);
     m68k_set_feature(env, M68K_FEATURE_M68010);
@@ -168,8 +164,7 @@ static void m68010_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
  */
 static void m68020_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
-    M68kCPU *cpu = M68K_CPU(obj);
-    CPUM68KState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUM68KState *env = cpu_env(CPU(obj));
 
     m68010_cpu_initfn(obj);
     m68k_unset_feature(env, M68K_FEATURE_M68010);
@@ -199,8 +194,7 @@ static void m68020_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
  */
 static void m68030_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
-    M68kCPU *cpu = M68K_CPU(obj);
-    CPUM68KState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUM68KState *env = cpu_env(CPU(obj));
 
     m68020_cpu_initfn(obj);
     m68k_unset_feature(env, M68K_FEATURE_M68020);
@@ -226,8 +220,7 @@ static void m68030_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
  */
 static void m68040_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
-    M68kCPU *cpu = M68K_CPU(obj);
-    CPUM68KState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUM68KState *env = cpu_env(CPU(obj));
 
     m68030_cpu_initfn(obj);
     m68k_unset_feature(env, M68K_FEATURE_M68030);
@@ -247,8 +240,7 @@ static void m68040_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
  */
 static void m68060_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
-    M68kCPU *cpu = M68K_CPU(obj);
-    CPUM68KState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUM68KState *env = cpu_env(CPU(obj));
 
     m68040_cpu_initfn(obj);
     m68k_unset_feature(env, M68K_FEATURE_M68040);
@@ -261,8 +253,7 @@ static void m68060_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
 
 static void m5208_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
-    M68kCPU *cpu = M68K_CPU(obj);
-    CPUM68KState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUM68KState *env = cpu_env(CPU(obj));
 
     m68k_set_feature(env, M68K_FEATURE_CF_ISA_A);
     m68k_set_feature(env, M68K_FEATURE_CF_ISA_APLUSC);
@@ -274,8 +265,7 @@ static void m5208_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
 
 static void cfv4e_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
-    M68kCPU *cpu = M68K_CPU(obj);
-    CPUM68KState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUM68KState *env = cpu_env(CPU(obj));
 
     m68k_set_feature(env, M68K_FEATURE_CF_ISA_A);
     m68k_set_feature(env, M68K_FEATURE_CF_ISA_B);
@@ -288,8 +278,7 @@ static void cfv4e_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
 
 static void any_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
-    M68kCPU *cpu = M68K_CPU(obj);
-    CPUM68KState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUM68KState *env = cpu_env(CPU(obj));
 
     m68k_set_feature(env, M68K_FEATURE_CF_ISA_A);
     m68k_set_feature(env, M68K_FEATURE_CF_ISA_B);
diff --git a/target/m68k/gdbstub.c b/target/m68k/gdbstub.c
index 1e5f033a12..15547e2313 100644
--- a/target/m68k/gdbstub.c
+++ b/target/m68k/gdbstub.c
@@ -23,8 +23,7 @@
 
 int m68k_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    M68kCPU *cpu = M68K_CPU(cs);
-    CPUM68KState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUM68KState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     if (n < 8) {
         /* D0-D7 */
@@ -50,8 +49,7 @@ int m68k_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 
 int m68k_cpu_gdb_write_register(CPUState *cs, uint8_t *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    M68kCPU *cpu = M68K_CPU(cs);
-    CPUM68KState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUM68KState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     uint32_t tmp;
 
     tmp = ldl_p(mem_buf);
diff --git a/target/m68k/helper.c b/target/m68k/helper.c
index 1c33995e5d..1a475f082a 100644
--- a/target/m68k/helper.c
+++ b/target/m68k/helper.c
@@ -906,8 +906,7 @@ txfail:
 
 hwaddr m68k_cpu_get_phys_page_debug(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr)
 {
-    M68kCPU *cpu = M68K_CPU(cs);
-    CPUM68KState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUM68KState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     hwaddr phys_addr;
     int prot;
     int access_type;
@@ -955,8 +954,7 @@ bool m68k_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
                        MMUAccessType qemu_access_type, int mmu_idx,
                        bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
-    M68kCPU *cpu = M68K_CPU(cs);
-    CPUM68KState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUM68KState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     hwaddr physical;
     int prot;
     int access_type;
@@ -984,7 +982,7 @@ bool m68k_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
         access_type |= ACCESS_SUPER;
     }
 
-    ret = get_physical_address(&cpu->env, &physical, &prot,
+    ret = get_physical_address(env, &physical, &prot,
                                address, access_type, &page_size);
     if (likely(ret == 0)) {
         tlb_set_page(cs, address & TARGET_PAGE_MASK,
diff --git a/target/m68k/m68k-semi.c b/target/m68k/m68k-semi.c
index b4ffb70f8b..546cff2246 100644
--- a/target/m68k/m68k-semi.c
+++ b/target/m68k/m68k-semi.c
@@ -77,8 +77,7 @@ static int host_to_gdb_errno(int err)
 
 static void m68k_semi_u32_cb(CPUState *cs, uint64_t ret, int err)
 {
-    M68kCPU *cpu = M68K_CPU(cs);
-    CPUM68KState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUM68KState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     target_ulong args = env->dregs[1];
     if (put_user_u32(ret, args) ||
@@ -95,8 +94,7 @@ static void m68k_semi_u32_cb(CPUState *cs, uint64_t ret, int err)
 
 static void m68k_semi_u64_cb(CPUState *cs, uint64_t ret, int err)
 {
-    M68kCPU *cpu = M68K_CPU(cs);
-    CPUM68KState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUM68KState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     target_ulong args = env->dregs[1];
     if (put_user_u32(ret >> 32, args) ||
diff --git a/target/m68k/op_helper.c b/target/m68k/op_helper.c
index 956e76eb5f..125f6c1b08 100644
--- a/target/m68k/op_helper.c
+++ b/target/m68k/op_helper.c
@@ -441,10 +441,7 @@ static void do_interrupt_all(CPUM68KState *env, int is_hw)
 
 void m68k_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    M68kCPU *cpu = M68K_CPU(cs);
-    CPUM68KState *env = &cpu->env;
-
-    do_interrupt_all(env, 0);
+    do_interrupt_all(cpu_env(cs), 0);
 }
 
 static inline void do_interrupt_m68k_hardirq(CPUM68KState *env)
@@ -457,8 +454,7 @@ void m68k_cpu_transaction_failed(CPUState *cs, hwaddr physaddr, vaddr addr,
                                  int mmu_idx, MemTxAttrs attrs,
                                  MemTxResult response, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
-    M68kCPU *cpu = M68K_CPU(cs);
-    CPUM68KState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUM68KState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     cpu_restore_state(cs, retaddr);
 
@@ -511,8 +507,7 @@ void m68k_cpu_transaction_failed(CPUState *cs, hwaddr physaddr, vaddr addr,
 
 bool m68k_cpu_exec_interrupt(CPUState *cs, int interrupt_request)
 {
-    M68kCPU *cpu = M68K_CPU(cs);
-    CPUM68KState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUM68KState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     if (interrupt_request & CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD
         && ((env->sr & SR_I) >> SR_I_SHIFT) < env->pending_level) {
diff --git a/target/m68k/translate.c b/target/m68k/translate.c
index d7d5ff4300..6ae3df43bc 100644
--- a/target/m68k/translate.c
+++ b/target/m68k/translate.c
@@ -6100,8 +6100,7 @@ static double floatx80_to_double(CPUM68KState *env, uint16_t high, uint64_t low)
 
 void m68k_cpu_dump_state(CPUState *cs, FILE *f, int flags)
 {
-    M68kCPU *cpu = M68K_CPU(cs);
-    CPUM68KState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUM68KState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int i;
     uint16_t sr;
     for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
diff --git a/target/microblaze/cpu.c b/target/microblaze/cpu.c
index e533e7a95e..96c2b71f7f 100644
--- a/target/microblaze/cpu.c
+++ b/target/microblaze/cpu.c
@@ -183,9 +183,9 @@ static void microblaze_cpu_set_irq(void *opaque, int irq, int level)
 
 static void mb_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
 {
-    CPUState *s = CPU(obj);
-    MicroBlazeCPU *cpu = MICROBLAZE_CPU(s);
-    MicroBlazeCPUClass *mcc = MICROBLAZE_CPU_GET_CLASS(cpu);
+    CPUState *cs = CPU(obj);
+    MicroBlazeCPU *cpu = MICROBLAZE_CPU(cs);
+    MicroBlazeCPUClass *mcc = MICROBLAZE_CPU_GET_CLASS(obj);
     CPUMBState *env = &cpu->env;
 
     if (mcc->parent_phases.hold) {
diff --git a/target/microblaze/gdbstub.c b/target/microblaze/gdbstub.c
index eb168d1007..09d74e164d 100644
--- a/target/microblaze/gdbstub.c
+++ b/target/microblaze/gdbstub.c
@@ -110,9 +110,8 @@ int mb_cpu_gdb_read_stack_protect(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 
 int mb_cpu_gdb_write_register(CPUState *cs, uint8_t *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    MicroBlazeCPU *cpu = MICROBLAZE_CPU(cs);
     CPUClass *cc = CPU_GET_CLASS(cs);
-    CPUMBState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUMBState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     uint32_t tmp;
 
     if (n > cc->gdb_num_core_regs) {
diff --git a/target/microblaze/helper.c b/target/microblaze/helper.c
index 460eee0cf5..d25c9eb4d3 100644
--- a/target/microblaze/helper.c
+++ b/target/microblaze/helper.c
@@ -252,8 +252,7 @@ hwaddr mb_cpu_get_phys_page_attrs_debug(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
 
 bool mb_cpu_exec_interrupt(CPUState *cs, int interrupt_request)
 {
-    MicroBlazeCPU *cpu = MICROBLAZE_CPU(cs);
-    CPUMBState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUMBState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     if ((interrupt_request & CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD)
         && (env->msr & MSR_IE)
diff --git a/target/microblaze/translate.c b/target/microblaze/translate.c
index a465c2d245..4e52ef32db 100644
--- a/target/microblaze/translate.c
+++ b/target/microblaze/translate.c
@@ -1630,7 +1630,6 @@ static void mb_tr_insn_start(DisasContextBase *dcb, CPUState *cs)
 static void mb_tr_translate_insn(DisasContextBase *dcb, CPUState *cs)
 {
     DisasContext *dc = container_of(dcb, DisasContext, base);
-    CPUMBState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     uint32_t ir;
 
     /* TODO: This should raise an exception, not terminate qemu. */
@@ -1641,7 +1640,7 @@ static void mb_tr_translate_insn(DisasContextBase *dcb, CPUState *cs)
 
     dc->tb_flags_to_set = 0;
 
-    ir = cpu_ldl_code(env, dc->base.pc_next);
+    ir = cpu_ldl_code(cpu_env(cs), dc->base.pc_next);
     if (!decode(dc, ir)) {
         trap_illegal(dc, true);
     }
@@ -1800,8 +1799,7 @@ void gen_intermediate_code(CPUState *cpu, TranslationBlock *tb, int *max_insns,
 
 void mb_cpu_dump_state(CPUState *cs, FILE *f, int flags)
 {
-    MicroBlazeCPU *cpu = MICROBLAZE_CPU(cs);
-    CPUMBState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUMBState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     uint32_t iflags;
     int i;
 
diff --git a/target/mips/cpu.c b/target/mips/cpu.c
index d644adbc77..8d8f690a53 100644
--- a/target/mips/cpu.c
+++ b/target/mips/cpu.c
@@ -80,8 +80,7 @@ static void fpu_dump_state(CPUMIPSState *env, FILE *f, int flags)
 
 static void mips_cpu_dump_state(CPUState *cs, FILE *f, int flags)
 {
-    MIPSCPU *cpu = MIPS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUMIPSState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUMIPSState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int i;
 
     qemu_fprintf(f, "pc=0x" TARGET_FMT_lx " HI=0x" TARGET_FMT_lx
@@ -123,9 +122,7 @@ void cpu_set_exception_base(int vp_index, target_ulong address)
 
 static void mips_cpu_set_pc(CPUState *cs, vaddr value)
 {
-    MIPSCPU *cpu = MIPS_CPU(cs);
-
-    mips_env_set_pc(&cpu->env, value);
+    mips_env_set_pc(cpu_env(cs), value);
 }
 
 static vaddr mips_cpu_get_pc(CPUState *cs)
@@ -137,8 +134,7 @@ static vaddr mips_cpu_get_pc(CPUState *cs)
 
 static bool mips_cpu_has_work(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    MIPSCPU *cpu = MIPS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUMIPSState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUMIPSState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     bool has_work = false;
 
     /*
@@ -193,7 +189,7 @@ static void mips_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
 {
     CPUState *cs = CPU(obj);
     MIPSCPU *cpu = MIPS_CPU(cs);
-    MIPSCPUClass *mcc = MIPS_CPU_GET_CLASS(cpu);
+    MIPSCPUClass *mcc = MIPS_CPU_GET_CLASS(obj);
     CPUMIPSState *env = &cpu->env;
 
     if (mcc->parent_phases.hold) {
@@ -433,10 +429,7 @@ static void mips_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
 
 static void mips_cpu_disas_set_info(CPUState *s, disassemble_info *info)
 {
-    MIPSCPU *cpu = MIPS_CPU(s);
-    CPUMIPSState *env = &cpu->env;
-
-    if (!(env->insn_flags & ISA_NANOMIPS32)) {
+    if (!(cpu_env(s)->insn_flags & ISA_NANOMIPS32)) {
 #if TARGET_BIG_ENDIAN
         info->print_insn = print_insn_big_mips;
 #else
diff --git a/target/mips/gdbstub.c b/target/mips/gdbstub.c
index 62d7b72407..169d47416a 100644
--- a/target/mips/gdbstub.c
+++ b/target/mips/gdbstub.c
@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@
 
 int mips_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    MIPSCPU *cpu = MIPS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUMIPSState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUMIPSState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     if (n < 32) {
         return gdb_get_regl(mem_buf, env->active_tc.gpr[n]);
@@ -78,8 +77,7 @@ int mips_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 
 int mips_cpu_gdb_write_register(CPUState *cs, uint8_t *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    MIPSCPU *cpu = MIPS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUMIPSState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUMIPSState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     target_ulong tmp;
 
     tmp = ldtul_p(mem_buf);
diff --git a/target/mips/kvm.c b/target/mips/kvm.c
index 15d0cf9adb..6c52e59f55 100644
--- a/target/mips/kvm.c
+++ b/target/mips/kvm.c
@@ -63,8 +63,7 @@ int kvm_arch_irqchip_create(KVMState *s)
 
 int kvm_arch_init_vcpu(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    MIPSCPU *cpu = MIPS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUMIPSState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUMIPSState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int ret = 0;
 
     qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler(kvm_mips_update_state, cs);
@@ -460,8 +459,7 @@ static inline int kvm_mips_change_one_reg(CPUState *cs, uint64_t reg_id,
  */
 static int kvm_mips_save_count(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    MIPSCPU *cpu = MIPS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUMIPSState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUMIPSState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     uint64_t count_ctl;
     int err, ret = 0;
 
@@ -502,8 +500,7 @@ static int kvm_mips_save_count(CPUState *cs)
  */
 static int kvm_mips_restore_count(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    MIPSCPU *cpu = MIPS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUMIPSState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUMIPSState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     uint64_t count_ctl;
     int err_dc, err, ret = 0;
 
@@ -590,8 +587,7 @@ static void kvm_mips_update_state(void *opaque, bool running, RunState state)
 
 static int kvm_mips_put_fpu_registers(CPUState *cs, int level)
 {
-    MIPSCPU *cpu = MIPS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUMIPSState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUMIPSState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int err, ret = 0;
     unsigned int i;
 
@@ -670,8 +666,7 @@ static int kvm_mips_put_fpu_registers(CPUState *cs, int level)
 
 static int kvm_mips_get_fpu_registers(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    MIPSCPU *cpu = MIPS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUMIPSState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUMIPSState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int err, ret = 0;
     unsigned int i;
 
@@ -751,8 +746,7 @@ static int kvm_mips_get_fpu_registers(CPUState *cs)
 
 static int kvm_mips_put_cp0_registers(CPUState *cs, int level)
 {
-    MIPSCPU *cpu = MIPS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUMIPSState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUMIPSState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int err, ret = 0;
 
     (void)level;
@@ -974,8 +968,7 @@ static int kvm_mips_put_cp0_registers(CPUState *cs, int level)
 
 static int kvm_mips_get_cp0_registers(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    MIPSCPU *cpu = MIPS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUMIPSState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUMIPSState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int err, ret = 0;
 
     err = kvm_mips_get_one_reg(cs, KVM_REG_MIPS_CP0_INDEX, &env->CP0_Index);
@@ -1181,8 +1174,7 @@ static int kvm_mips_get_cp0_registers(CPUState *cs)
 
 int kvm_arch_put_registers(CPUState *cs, int level)
 {
-    MIPSCPU *cpu = MIPS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUMIPSState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUMIPSState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     struct kvm_regs regs;
     int ret;
     int i;
@@ -1217,8 +1209,7 @@ int kvm_arch_put_registers(CPUState *cs, int level)
 
 int kvm_arch_get_registers(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    MIPSCPU *cpu = MIPS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUMIPSState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUMIPSState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int ret = 0;
     struct kvm_regs regs;
     int i;
diff --git a/target/mips/sysemu/physaddr.c b/target/mips/sysemu/physaddr.c
index 13c8bc8f47..5c5184e136 100644
--- a/target/mips/sysemu/physaddr.c
+++ b/target/mips/sysemu/physaddr.c
@@ -230,8 +230,7 @@ int get_physical_address(CPUMIPSState *env, hwaddr *physical,
 
 hwaddr mips_cpu_get_phys_page_debug(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr)
 {
-    MIPSCPU *cpu = MIPS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUMIPSState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUMIPSState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     hwaddr phys_addr;
     int prot;
 
diff --git a/target/mips/tcg/exception.c b/target/mips/tcg/exception.c
index da49a93912..13275d1ded 100644
--- a/target/mips/tcg/exception.c
+++ b/target/mips/tcg/exception.c
@@ -79,8 +79,7 @@ void helper_wait(CPUMIPSState *env)
 
 void mips_cpu_synchronize_from_tb(CPUState *cs, const TranslationBlock *tb)
 {
-    MIPSCPU *cpu = MIPS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUMIPSState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUMIPSState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     tcg_debug_assert(!(cs->tcg_cflags & CF_PCREL));
     env->active_tc.PC = tb->pc;
diff --git a/target/mips/tcg/op_helper.c b/target/mips/tcg/op_helper.c
index 98935b5e64..65403f1a87 100644
--- a/target/mips/tcg/op_helper.c
+++ b/target/mips/tcg/op_helper.c
@@ -279,8 +279,7 @@ void mips_cpu_do_unaligned_access(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
                                   MMUAccessType access_type,
                                   int mmu_idx, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
-    MIPSCPU *cpu = MIPS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUMIPSState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUMIPSState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int error_code = 0;
     int excp;
 
@@ -306,9 +305,8 @@ void mips_cpu_do_transaction_failed(CPUState *cs, hwaddr physaddr,
                                     int mmu_idx, MemTxAttrs attrs,
                                     MemTxResult response, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
-    MIPSCPU *cpu = MIPS_CPU(cs);
-    MIPSCPUClass *mcc = MIPS_CPU_GET_CLASS(cpu);
-    CPUMIPSState *env = &cpu->env;
+    MIPSCPUClass *mcc = MIPS_CPU_GET_CLASS(cs);
+    CPUMIPSState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     if (access_type == MMU_INST_FETCH) {
         do_raise_exception(env, EXCP_IBE, retaddr);
diff --git a/target/mips/tcg/sysemu/special_helper.c b/target/mips/tcg/sysemu/special_helper.c
index 518d3fbc34..5baa25348e 100644
--- a/target/mips/tcg/sysemu/special_helper.c
+++ b/target/mips/tcg/sysemu/special_helper.c
@@ -90,8 +90,7 @@ static void debug_post_eret(CPUMIPSState *env)
 
 bool mips_io_recompile_replay_branch(CPUState *cs, const TranslationBlock *tb)
 {
-    MIPSCPU *cpu = MIPS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUMIPSState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUMIPSState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     if ((env->hflags & MIPS_HFLAG_BMASK) != 0
         && !(cs->tcg_cflags & CF_PCREL) && env->active_tc.PC != tb->pc) {
diff --git a/target/mips/tcg/sysemu/tlb_helper.c b/target/mips/tcg/sysemu/tlb_helper.c
index cdae42ffdd..119eae771e 100644
--- a/target/mips/tcg/sysemu/tlb_helper.c
+++ b/target/mips/tcg/sysemu/tlb_helper.c
@@ -906,8 +906,7 @@ bool mips_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
                        MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
                        bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
-    MIPSCPU *cpu = MIPS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUMIPSState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUMIPSState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     hwaddr physical;
     int prot;
     int ret = TLBRET_BADADDR;
@@ -1340,8 +1339,7 @@ void mips_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cs)
 bool mips_cpu_exec_interrupt(CPUState *cs, int interrupt_request)
 {
     if (interrupt_request & CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD) {
-        MIPSCPU *cpu = MIPS_CPU(cs);
-        CPUMIPSState *env = &cpu->env;
+        CPUMIPSState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
         if (cpu_mips_hw_interrupts_enabled(env) &&
             cpu_mips_hw_interrupts_pending(env)) {
diff --git a/target/mips/tcg/translate.c b/target/mips/tcg/translate.c
index 3ba2101647..06c108cc9c 100644
--- a/target/mips/tcg/translate.c
+++ b/target/mips/tcg/translate.c
@@ -15566,8 +15566,7 @@ void mips_restore_state_to_opc(CPUState *cs,
                                const TranslationBlock *tb,
                                const uint64_t *data)
 {
-    MIPSCPU *cpu = MIPS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUMIPSState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUMIPSState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     env->active_tc.PC = data[0];
     env->hflags &= ~MIPS_HFLAG_BMASK;
diff --git a/target/nios2/cpu.c b/target/nios2/cpu.c
index 0760bf6b38..679aff5730 100644
--- a/target/nios2/cpu.c
+++ b/target/nios2/cpu.c
@@ -28,28 +28,19 @@
 
 static void nios2_cpu_set_pc(CPUState *cs, vaddr value)
 {
-    Nios2CPU *cpu = NIOS2_CPU(cs);
-    CPUNios2State *env = &cpu->env;
-
-    env->pc = value;
+    cpu_env(cs)->pc = value;
 }
 
 static vaddr nios2_cpu_get_pc(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    Nios2CPU *cpu = NIOS2_CPU(cs);
-    CPUNios2State *env = &cpu->env;
-
-    return env->pc;
+    return cpu_env(cs)->pc;
 }
 
 static void nios2_restore_state_to_opc(CPUState *cs,
                                        const TranslationBlock *tb,
                                        const uint64_t *data)
 {
-    Nios2CPU *cpu = NIOS2_CPU(cs);
-    CPUNios2State *env = &cpu->env;
-
-    env->pc = data[0];
+    cpu_env(cs)->pc = data[0];
 }
 
 static bool nios2_cpu_has_work(CPUState *cs)
@@ -67,7 +58,7 @@ static void nios2_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
 {
     CPUState *cs = CPU(obj);
     Nios2CPU *cpu = NIOS2_CPU(cs);
-    Nios2CPUClass *ncc = NIOS2_CPU_GET_CLASS(cpu);
+    Nios2CPUClass *ncc = NIOS2_CPU_GET_CLASS(obj);
     CPUNios2State *env = &cpu->env;
 
     if (ncc->parent_phases.hold) {
diff --git a/target/nios2/helper.c b/target/nios2/helper.c
index bb3b09e5a7..ac57121afc 100644
--- a/target/nios2/helper.c
+++ b/target/nios2/helper.c
@@ -287,8 +287,7 @@ void nios2_cpu_do_unaligned_access(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
                                    MMUAccessType access_type,
                                    int mmu_idx, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
-    Nios2CPU *cpu = NIOS2_CPU(cs);
-    CPUNios2State *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUNios2State *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     env->ctrl[CR_BADADDR] = addr;
     cs->exception_index = EXCP_UNALIGN;
diff --git a/target/nios2/nios2-semi.c b/target/nios2/nios2-semi.c
index 0b84fcb6b6..420702e293 100644
--- a/target/nios2/nios2-semi.c
+++ b/target/nios2/nios2-semi.c
@@ -75,8 +75,7 @@ static int host_to_gdb_errno(int err)
 
 static void nios2_semi_u32_cb(CPUState *cs, uint64_t ret, int err)
 {
-    Nios2CPU *cpu = NIOS2_CPU(cs);
-    CPUNios2State *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUNios2State *env = cpu_env(cs);
     target_ulong args = env->regs[R_ARG1];
 
     if (put_user_u32(ret, args) ||
@@ -93,8 +92,7 @@ static void nios2_semi_u32_cb(CPUState *cs, uint64_t ret, int err)
 
 static void nios2_semi_u64_cb(CPUState *cs, uint64_t ret, int err)
 {
-    Nios2CPU *cpu = NIOS2_CPU(cs);
-    CPUNios2State *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUNios2State *env = cpu_env(cs);
     target_ulong args = env->regs[R_ARG1];
 
     if (put_user_u32(ret >> 32, args) ||
diff --git a/target/nios2/translate.c b/target/nios2/translate.c
index 612556b297..7ddc6ac1a2 100644
--- a/target/nios2/translate.c
+++ b/target/nios2/translate.c
@@ -970,7 +970,6 @@ static void nios2_tr_insn_start(DisasContextBase *dcbase, CPUState *cs)
 static void nios2_tr_translate_insn(DisasContextBase *dcbase, CPUState *cs)
 {
     DisasContext *dc = container_of(dcbase, DisasContext, base);
-    CPUNios2State *env = cpu_env(cs);
     const Nios2Instruction *instr;
     uint32_t code, pc;
     uint8_t op;
@@ -980,7 +979,7 @@ static void nios2_tr_translate_insn(DisasContextBase *dcbase, CPUState *cs)
     dc->base.pc_next = pc + 4;
 
     /* Decode an instruction */
-    code = cpu_ldl_code(env, pc);
+    code = cpu_ldl_code(cpu_env(cs), pc);
     op = get_opcode(code);
 
     if (unlikely(op >= ARRAY_SIZE(i_type_instructions))) {
diff --git a/target/openrisc/cpu.c b/target/openrisc/cpu.c
index a3cb80ca34..33c45dbf04 100644
--- a/target/openrisc/cpu.c
+++ b/target/openrisc/cpu.c
@@ -87,9 +87,9 @@ static void openrisc_disas_set_info(CPUState *cpu, disassemble_info *info)
 
 static void openrisc_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
 {
-    CPUState *s = CPU(obj);
-    OpenRISCCPU *cpu = OPENRISC_CPU(s);
-    OpenRISCCPUClass *occ = OPENRISC_CPU_GET_CLASS(cpu);
+    CPUState *cs = CPU(obj);
+    OpenRISCCPU *cpu = OPENRISC_CPU(cs);
+    OpenRISCCPUClass *occ = OPENRISC_CPU_GET_CLASS(obj);
 
     if (occ->parent_phases.hold) {
         occ->parent_phases.hold(obj);
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ static void openrisc_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
     cpu->env.pc = 0x100;
     cpu->env.sr = SR_FO | SR_SM;
     cpu->env.lock_addr = -1;
-    s->exception_index = -1;
+    cs->exception_index = -1;
     cpu_set_fpcsr(&cpu->env, 0);
 
     set_float_detect_tininess(float_tininess_before_rounding,
diff --git a/target/openrisc/gdbstub.c b/target/openrisc/gdbstub.c
index d1074a0581..c2a77d5d4d 100644
--- a/target/openrisc/gdbstub.c
+++ b/target/openrisc/gdbstub.c
@@ -23,8 +23,7 @@
 
 int openrisc_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    OpenRISCCPU *cpu = OPENRISC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUOpenRISCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUOpenRISCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     if (n < 32) {
         return gdb_get_reg32(mem_buf, cpu_get_gpr(env, n));
@@ -48,9 +47,8 @@ int openrisc_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 
 int openrisc_cpu_gdb_write_register(CPUState *cs, uint8_t *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    OpenRISCCPU *cpu = OPENRISC_CPU(cs);
     CPUClass *cc = CPU_GET_CLASS(cs);
-    CPUOpenRISCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUOpenRISCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     uint32_t tmp;
 
     if (n > cc->gdb_num_core_regs) {
diff --git a/target/openrisc/interrupt.c b/target/openrisc/interrupt.c
index d4fdb8ce8e..b3b5b40577 100644
--- a/target/openrisc/interrupt.c
+++ b/target/openrisc/interrupt.c
@@ -29,8 +29,7 @@
 
 void openrisc_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    OpenRISCCPU *cpu = OPENRISC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUOpenRISCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUOpenRISCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int exception = cs->exception_index;
 
     env->epcr = env->pc;
@@ -105,8 +104,7 @@ void openrisc_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cs)
 
 bool openrisc_cpu_exec_interrupt(CPUState *cs, int interrupt_request)
 {
-    OpenRISCCPU *cpu = OPENRISC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUOpenRISCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUOpenRISCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int idx = -1;
 
     if ((interrupt_request & CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD) && (env->sr & SR_IEE)) {
diff --git a/target/openrisc/translate.c b/target/openrisc/translate.c
index 785bcb6552..23fff46084 100644
--- a/target/openrisc/translate.c
+++ b/target/openrisc/translate.c
@@ -1564,8 +1564,7 @@ static void openrisc_tr_insn_start(DisasContextBase *dcbase, CPUState *cs)
 static void openrisc_tr_translate_insn(DisasContextBase *dcbase, CPUState *cs)
 {
     DisasContext *dc = container_of(dcbase, DisasContext, base);
-    OpenRISCCPU *cpu = OPENRISC_CPU(cs);
-    uint32_t insn = translator_ldl(&cpu->env, &dc->base, dc->base.pc_next);
+    uint32_t insn = translator_ldl(cpu_env(cs), &dc->base, dc->base.pc_next);
 
     if (!decode(dc, insn)) {
         gen_illegal_exception(dc);
@@ -1668,8 +1667,7 @@ void gen_intermediate_code(CPUState *cs, TranslationBlock *tb, int *max_insns,
 
 void openrisc_cpu_dump_state(CPUState *cs, FILE *f, int flags)
 {
-    OpenRISCCPU *cpu = OPENRISC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUOpenRISCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUOpenRISCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int i;
 
     qemu_fprintf(f, "PC=%08x\n", env->pc);
diff --git a/target/ppc/cpu_init.c b/target/ppc/cpu_init.c
index df31490b07..7e65f08147 100644
--- a/target/ppc/cpu_init.c
+++ b/target/ppc/cpu_init.c
@@ -7138,9 +7138,9 @@ static int ppc_cpu_mmu_index(CPUState *cs, bool ifetch)
 
 static void ppc_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
 {
-    CPUState *s = CPU(obj);
-    PowerPCCPU *cpu = POWERPC_CPU(s);
-    PowerPCCPUClass *pcc = POWERPC_CPU_GET_CLASS(cpu);
+    CPUState *cs = CPU(obj);
+    PowerPCCPU *cpu = POWERPC_CPU(cs);
+    PowerPCCPUClass *pcc = POWERPC_CPU_GET_CLASS(obj);
     CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
     target_ulong msr;
     int i;
@@ -7189,8 +7189,8 @@ static void ppc_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
     env->nip = env->hreset_vector | env->excp_prefix;
 
     if (tcg_enabled()) {
-        cpu_breakpoint_remove_all(s, BP_CPU);
-        cpu_watchpoint_remove_all(s, BP_CPU);
+        cpu_breakpoint_remove_all(cs, BP_CPU);
+        cpu_watchpoint_remove_all(cs, BP_CPU);
         if (env->mmu_model != POWERPC_MMU_REAL) {
             ppc_tlb_invalidate_all(env);
         }
@@ -7204,7 +7204,7 @@ static void ppc_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
     env->reserve_addr = (target_ulong)-1ULL;
     /* Be sure no exception or interrupt is pending */
     env->pending_interrupts = 0;
-    s->exception_index = POWERPC_EXCP_NONE;
+    cs->exception_index = POWERPC_EXCP_NONE;
     env->error_code = 0;
     ppc_irq_reset(cpu);
 
@@ -7226,12 +7226,9 @@ static void ppc_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
 
 static bool ppc_cpu_is_big_endian(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    PowerPCCPU *cpu = POWERPC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
-
     cpu_synchronize_state(cs);
 
-    return !FIELD_EX64(env->msr, MSR, LE);
+    return !FIELD_EX64(cpu_env(cs)->msr, MSR, LE);
 }
 
 static bool ppc_get_irq_stats(InterruptStatsProvider *obj,
@@ -7318,8 +7315,7 @@ static bool ppc_pvr_match_default(PowerPCCPUClass *pcc, uint32_t pvr, bool best)
 
 static void ppc_disas_set_info(CPUState *cs, disassemble_info *info)
 {
-    PowerPCCPU *cpu = POWERPC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUPPCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     if ((env->hflags >> MSR_LE) & 1) {
         info->endian = BFD_ENDIAN_LITTLE;
@@ -7475,8 +7471,7 @@ void ppc_cpu_dump_state(CPUState *cs, FILE *f, int flags)
 #define RGPL  4
 #define RFPL  4
 
-    PowerPCCPU *cpu = POWERPC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUPPCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int i;
 
     qemu_fprintf(f, "NIP " TARGET_FMT_lx "   LR " TARGET_FMT_lx " CTR "
diff --git a/target/ppc/excp_helper.c b/target/ppc/excp_helper.c
index ded488fcd8..80f584f933 100644
--- a/target/ppc/excp_helper.c
+++ b/target/ppc/excp_helper.c
@@ -2479,8 +2479,7 @@ void ppc_cpu_do_fwnmi_machine_check(CPUState *cs, target_ulong vector)
 
 bool ppc_cpu_exec_interrupt(CPUState *cs, int interrupt_request)
 {
-    PowerPCCPU *cpu = POWERPC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUPPCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int interrupt;
 
     if ((interrupt_request & CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD) == 0) {
diff --git a/target/ppc/gdbstub.c b/target/ppc/gdbstub.c
index 80a2e7990b..3f1e61bdb7 100644
--- a/target/ppc/gdbstub.c
+++ b/target/ppc/gdbstub.c
@@ -108,8 +108,7 @@ void ppc_maybe_bswap_register(CPUPPCState *env, uint8_t *mem_buf, int len)
 
 int ppc_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *buf, int n)
 {
-    PowerPCCPU *cpu = POWERPC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUPPCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     uint8_t *mem_buf;
     int r = ppc_gdb_register_len(n);
 
@@ -152,8 +151,7 @@ int ppc_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *buf, int n)
 
 int ppc_cpu_gdb_read_register_apple(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *buf, int n)
 {
-    PowerPCCPU *cpu = POWERPC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUPPCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     uint8_t *mem_buf;
     int r = ppc_gdb_register_len_apple(n);
 
@@ -206,8 +204,7 @@ int ppc_cpu_gdb_read_register_apple(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *buf, int n)
 
 int ppc_cpu_gdb_write_register(CPUState *cs, uint8_t *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    PowerPCCPU *cpu = POWERPC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUPPCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int r = ppc_gdb_register_len(n);
 
     if (!r) {
@@ -253,8 +250,7 @@ int ppc_cpu_gdb_write_register(CPUState *cs, uint8_t *mem_buf, int n)
 }
 int ppc_cpu_gdb_write_register_apple(CPUState *cs, uint8_t *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    PowerPCCPU *cpu = POWERPC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUPPCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int r = ppc_gdb_register_len_apple(n);
 
     if (!r) {
diff --git a/target/ppc/kvm.c b/target/ppc/kvm.c
index 525fbe3892..8231feb2d4 100644
--- a/target/ppc/kvm.c
+++ b/target/ppc/kvm.c
@@ -546,8 +546,7 @@ static void kvm_sw_tlb_put(PowerPCCPU *cpu)
 
 static void kvm_get_one_spr(CPUState *cs, uint64_t id, int spr)
 {
-    PowerPCCPU *cpu = POWERPC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUPPCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     /* Init 'val' to avoid "uninitialised value" Valgrind warnings */
     union {
         uint32_t u32;
@@ -581,8 +580,7 @@ static void kvm_get_one_spr(CPUState *cs, uint64_t id, int spr)
 
 static void kvm_put_one_spr(CPUState *cs, uint64_t id, int spr)
 {
-    PowerPCCPU *cpu = POWERPC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUPPCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     union {
         uint32_t u32;
         uint64_t u64;
@@ -615,8 +613,7 @@ static void kvm_put_one_spr(CPUState *cs, uint64_t id, int spr)
 
 static int kvm_put_fp(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    PowerPCCPU *cpu = POWERPC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUPPCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     struct kvm_one_reg reg;
     int i;
     int ret;
@@ -635,8 +632,8 @@ static int kvm_put_fp(CPUState *cs)
 
         for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
             uint64_t vsr[2];
-            uint64_t *fpr = cpu_fpr_ptr(&cpu->env, i);
-            uint64_t *vsrl = cpu_vsrl_ptr(&cpu->env, i);
+            uint64_t *fpr = cpu_fpr_ptr(env, i);
+            uint64_t *vsrl = cpu_vsrl_ptr(env, i);
 
 #if HOST_BIG_ENDIAN
             vsr[0] = float64_val(*fpr);
@@ -682,8 +679,7 @@ static int kvm_put_fp(CPUState *cs)
 
 static int kvm_get_fp(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    PowerPCCPU *cpu = POWERPC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUPPCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     struct kvm_one_reg reg;
     int i;
     int ret;
@@ -704,8 +700,8 @@ static int kvm_get_fp(CPUState *cs)
 
         for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
             uint64_t vsr[2];
-            uint64_t *fpr = cpu_fpr_ptr(&cpu->env, i);
-            uint64_t *vsrl = cpu_vsrl_ptr(&cpu->env, i);
+            uint64_t *fpr = cpu_fpr_ptr(env, i);
+            uint64_t *vsrl = cpu_vsrl_ptr(env, i);
 
             reg.addr = (uintptr_t) &vsr;
             reg.id = vsx ? KVM_REG_PPC_VSR(i) : KVM_REG_PPC_FPR(i);
diff --git a/target/ppc/ppc-qmp-cmds.c b/target/ppc/ppc-qmp-cmds.c
index ee0b99fce7..a25d86a8d1 100644
--- a/target/ppc/ppc-qmp-cmds.c
+++ b/target/ppc/ppc-qmp-cmds.c
@@ -137,8 +137,7 @@ static int ppc_cpu_get_reg_num(const char *numstr, int maxnum, int *pregnum)
 int target_get_monitor_def(CPUState *cs, const char *name, uint64_t *pval)
 {
     int i, regnum;
-    PowerPCCPU *cpu = POWERPC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUPPCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     /* General purpose registers */
     if ((qemu_tolower(name[0]) == 'r') &&
diff --git a/target/ppc/user_only_helper.c b/target/ppc/user_only_helper.c
index 7ff76f7a06..a4d07a0d0d 100644
--- a/target/ppc/user_only_helper.c
+++ b/target/ppc/user_only_helper.c
@@ -27,8 +27,7 @@ void ppc_cpu_record_sigsegv(CPUState *cs, vaddr address,
                             MMUAccessType access_type,
                             bool maperr, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
-    PowerPCCPU *cpu = POWERPC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUPPCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int exception, error_code;
 
     /*
diff --git a/target/riscv/cpu.c b/target/riscv/cpu.c
index 5a48d30828..c160b9216b 100644
--- a/target/riscv/cpu.c
+++ b/target/riscv/cpu.c
@@ -926,7 +926,7 @@ static void riscv_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
 #endif
     CPUState *cs = CPU(obj);
     RISCVCPU *cpu = RISCV_CPU(cs);
-    RISCVCPUClass *mcc = RISCV_CPU_GET_CLASS(cpu);
+    RISCVCPUClass *mcc = RISCV_CPU_GET_CLASS(obj);
     CPURISCVState *env = &cpu->env;
 
     if (mcc->parent_phases.hold) {
diff --git a/target/riscv/riscv-qmp-cmds.c b/target/riscv/riscv-qmp-cmds.c
index c48b9cfa67..d363dc318d 100644
--- a/target/riscv/riscv-qmp-cmds.c
+++ b/target/riscv/riscv-qmp-cmds.c
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-machine-target.h"
 #include "qapi/qmp/qbool.h"
 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
-#include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
 #include "qapi/qobject-input-visitor.h"
 #include "qapi/visitor.h"
 #include "qom/qom-qobject.h"
@@ -129,18 +128,20 @@ static void riscv_obj_add_profiles_qdict(Object *obj, QDict *qdict_out)
 }
 
 static void riscv_cpuobj_validate_qdict_in(Object *obj, QObject *props,
-                                           const QDict *qdict_in,
+                                           const char *props_arg_name,
                                            Error **errp)
 {
+    const QDict *qdict_in;
     const QDictEntry *qe;
     Visitor *visitor;
     Error *local_err = NULL;
 
     visitor = qobject_input_visitor_new(props);
-    if (!visit_start_struct(visitor, NULL, NULL, 0, &local_err)) {
+    if (!visit_start_struct(visitor, props_arg_name, NULL, 0, &local_err)) {
         goto err;
     }
 
+    qdict_in = qobject_to(QDict, props);
     for (qe = qdict_first(qdict_in); qe; qe = qdict_next(qdict_in, qe)) {
         object_property_find_err(obj, qe->key, &local_err);
         if (local_err) {
@@ -170,7 +171,6 @@ CpuModelExpansionInfo *qmp_query_cpu_model_expansion(CpuModelExpansionType type,
                                                      Error **errp)
 {
     CpuModelExpansionInfo *expansion_info;
-    const QDict *qdict_in = NULL;
     QDict *qdict_out;
     ObjectClass *oc;
     Object *obj;
@@ -188,14 +188,6 @@ CpuModelExpansionInfo *qmp_query_cpu_model_expansion(CpuModelExpansionType type,
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    if (model->props) {
-        qdict_in = qobject_to(QDict, model->props);
-        if (!qdict_in) {
-            error_setg(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_TYPE, "props", "dict");
-            return NULL;
-        }
-    }
-
     obj = object_new(object_class_get_name(oc));
 
     riscv_check_if_cpu_available(RISCV_CPU(obj), &local_err);
@@ -205,8 +197,8 @@ CpuModelExpansionInfo *qmp_query_cpu_model_expansion(CpuModelExpansionType type,
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    if (qdict_in) {
-        riscv_cpuobj_validate_qdict_in(obj, model->props, qdict_in,
+    if (model->props) {
+        riscv_cpuobj_validate_qdict_in(obj, model->props, "model.props",
                                        &local_err);
         if (local_err) {
             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
diff --git a/target/rx/cpu.c b/target/rx/cpu.c
index 2f878d08d6..da673a595d 100644
--- a/target/rx/cpu.c
+++ b/target/rx/cpu.c
@@ -71,9 +71,9 @@ static int riscv_cpu_mmu_index(CPUState *cs, bool ifunc)
 
 static void rx_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
 {
-    RXCPU *cpu = RX_CPU(obj);
-    RXCPUClass *rcc = RX_CPU_GET_CLASS(cpu);
-    CPURXState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUState *cs = CPU(obj);
+    RXCPUClass *rcc = RX_CPU_GET_CLASS(obj);
+    CPURXState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     uint32_t *resetvec;
 
     if (rcc->parent_phases.hold) {
diff --git a/target/rx/gdbstub.c b/target/rx/gdbstub.c
index d7e0e6689b..f222bf003b 100644
--- a/target/rx/gdbstub.c
+++ b/target/rx/gdbstub.c
@@ -21,8 +21,7 @@
 
 int rx_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    RXCPU *cpu = RX_CPU(cs);
-    CPURXState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPURXState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     switch (n) {
     case 0 ... 15:
@@ -53,8 +52,7 @@ int rx_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 
 int rx_cpu_gdb_write_register(CPUState *cs, uint8_t *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    RXCPU *cpu = RX_CPU(cs);
-    CPURXState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPURXState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     uint32_t psw;
     switch (n) {
     case 0 ... 15:
diff --git a/target/rx/helper.c b/target/rx/helper.c
index dad5fb4976..80912e8dcb 100644
--- a/target/rx/helper.c
+++ b/target/rx/helper.c
@@ -45,8 +45,7 @@ void rx_cpu_unpack_psw(CPURXState *env, uint32_t psw, int rte)
 #define INT_FLAGS (CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD | CPU_INTERRUPT_FIR)
 void rx_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    RXCPU *cpu = RX_CPU(cs);
-    CPURXState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPURXState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int do_irq = cs->interrupt_request & INT_FLAGS;
     uint32_t save_psw;
 
@@ -122,8 +121,7 @@ void rx_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cs)
 
 bool rx_cpu_exec_interrupt(CPUState *cs, int interrupt_request)
 {
-    RXCPU *cpu = RX_CPU(cs);
-    CPURXState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPURXState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int accept = 0;
     /* hardware interrupt (Normal) */
     if ((interrupt_request & CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD) &&
diff --git a/target/rx/translate.c b/target/rx/translate.c
index 2265bd14ac..f6e9e0ec90 100644
--- a/target/rx/translate.c
+++ b/target/rx/translate.c
@@ -131,8 +131,7 @@ static int bdsp_s(DisasContext *ctx, int d)
 
 void rx_cpu_dump_state(CPUState *cs, FILE *f, int flags)
 {
-    RXCPU *cpu = RX_CPU(cs);
-    CPURXState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPURXState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int i;
     uint32_t psw;
 
@@ -2195,9 +2194,8 @@ static bool trans_WAIT(DisasContext *ctx, arg_WAIT *a)
 
 static void rx_tr_init_disas_context(DisasContextBase *dcbase, CPUState *cs)
 {
-    CPURXState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     DisasContext *ctx = container_of(dcbase, DisasContext, base);
-    ctx->env = env;
+    ctx->env = cpu_env(cs);
     ctx->tb_flags = ctx->base.tb->flags;
 }
 
diff --git a/target/s390x/cpu_models.c b/target/s390x/cpu_models.c
index a63d990e4e..1a1c096122 100644
--- a/target/s390x/cpu_models.c
+++ b/target/s390x/cpu_models.c
@@ -503,6 +503,7 @@ static void error_prepend_missing_feat(const char *name, void *opaque)
 static void check_compatibility(const S390CPUModel *max_model,
                                 const S390CPUModel *model, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     S390FeatBitmap missing;
 
     if (model->def->gen > max_model->def->gen) {
@@ -566,6 +567,7 @@ S390CPUModel *get_max_cpu_model(Error **errp)
 
 void s390_realize_cpu_model(CPUState *cs, Error **errp)
 {
+    ERRP_GUARD();
     Error *err = NULL;
     S390CPUClass *xcc = S390_CPU_GET_CLASS(cs);
     S390CPU *cpu = S390_CPU(cs);
diff --git a/target/s390x/cpu_models_sysemu.c b/target/s390x/cpu_models_sysemu.c
index 63981bf36b..2d99218069 100644
--- a/target/s390x/cpu_models_sysemu.c
+++ b/target/s390x/cpu_models_sysemu.c
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 #include "sysemu/kvm.h"
 #include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "qapi/visitor.h"
-#include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
 #include "qapi/qobject-input-visitor.h"
 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-machine-target.h"
@@ -98,24 +97,16 @@ CpuDefinitionInfoList *qmp_query_cpu_definitions(Error **errp)
 }
 
 static void cpu_model_from_info(S390CPUModel *model, const CpuModelInfo *info,
-                                Error **errp)
+                                const char *info_arg_name, Error **errp)
 {
     Error *err = NULL;
-    const QDict *qdict = NULL;
+    const QDict *qdict;
     const QDictEntry *e;
     Visitor *visitor;
     ObjectClass *oc;
     S390CPU *cpu;
     Object *obj;
 
-    if (info->props) {
-        qdict = qobject_to(QDict, info->props);
-        if (!qdict) {
-            error_setg(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_TYPE, "props", "dict");
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-
     oc = cpu_class_by_name(TYPE_S390_CPU, info->name);
     if (!oc) {
         error_setg(errp, "The CPU definition \'%s\' is unknown.", info->name);
@@ -135,13 +126,17 @@ static void cpu_model_from_info(S390CPUModel *model, const CpuModelInfo *info,
         return;
     }
 
-    if (qdict) {
+    if (info->props) {
+        g_autofree const char *props_name = g_strdup_printf("%s.props",
+                                                            info_arg_name);
+
         visitor = qobject_input_visitor_new(info->props);
-        if (!visit_start_struct(visitor, NULL, NULL, 0, errp)) {
+        if (!visit_start_struct(visitor, props_name, NULL, 0, errp)) {
             visit_free(visitor);
             object_unref(obj);
             return;
         }
+        qdict = qobject_to(QDict, info->props);
         for (e = qdict_first(qdict); e; e = qdict_next(qdict, e)) {
             if (!object_property_set(obj, e->key, visitor, &err)) {
                 break;
@@ -223,7 +218,7 @@ CpuModelExpansionInfo *qmp_query_cpu_model_expansion(CpuModelExpansionType type,
     bool delta_changes = false;
 
     /* convert it to our internal representation */
-    cpu_model_from_info(&s390_model, model, &err);
+    cpu_model_from_info(&s390_model, model, "model", &err);
     if (err) {
         error_propagate(errp, err);
         return NULL;
@@ -261,12 +256,12 @@ CpuModelCompareInfo *qmp_query_cpu_model_comparison(CpuModelInfo *infoa,
     S390CPUModel modela, modelb;
 
     /* convert both models to our internal representation */
-    cpu_model_from_info(&modela, infoa, &err);
+    cpu_model_from_info(&modela, infoa, "modela", &err);
     if (err) {
         error_propagate(errp, err);
         return NULL;
     }
-    cpu_model_from_info(&modelb, infob, &err);
+    cpu_model_from_info(&modelb, infob, "modelb", &err);
     if (err) {
         error_propagate(errp, err);
         return NULL;
@@ -338,13 +333,13 @@ CpuModelBaselineInfo *qmp_query_cpu_model_baseline(CpuModelInfo *infoa,
     uint8_t max_gen;
 
     /* convert both models to our internal representation */
-    cpu_model_from_info(&modela, infoa, &err);
+    cpu_model_from_info(&modela, infoa, "modela", &err);
     if (err) {
         error_propagate(errp, err);
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    cpu_model_from_info(&modelb, infob, &err);
+    cpu_model_from_info(&modelb, infob, "modelb", &err);
     if (err) {
         error_propagate(errp, err);
         return NULL;
diff --git a/target/sh4/cpu.c b/target/sh4/cpu.c
index 2031168dc6..4f5a4a3d98 100644
--- a/target/sh4/cpu.c
+++ b/target/sh4/cpu.c
@@ -71,8 +71,7 @@ static void superh_restore_state_to_opc(CPUState *cs,
 static bool superh_io_recompile_replay_branch(CPUState *cs,
                                               const TranslationBlock *tb)
 {
-    SuperHCPU *cpu = SUPERH_CPU(cs);
-    CPUSH4State *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUSH4State *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     if ((env->flags & (TB_FLAG_DELAY_SLOT | TB_FLAG_DELAY_SLOT_COND))
         && !(cs->tcg_cflags & CF_PCREL) && env->pc != tb->pc) {
@@ -106,10 +105,9 @@ static int sh4_cpu_mmu_index(CPUState *cs, bool ifetch)
 
 static void superh_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
 {
-    CPUState *s = CPU(obj);
-    SuperHCPU *cpu = SUPERH_CPU(s);
-    SuperHCPUClass *scc = SUPERH_CPU_GET_CLASS(cpu);
-    CPUSH4State *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUState *cs = CPU(obj);
+    SuperHCPUClass *scc = SUPERH_CPU_GET_CLASS(obj);
+    CPUSH4State *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     if (scc->parent_phases.hold) {
         scc->parent_phases.hold(obj);
@@ -159,8 +157,7 @@ out:
 
 static void sh7750r_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
-    SuperHCPU *cpu = SUPERH_CPU(obj);
-    CPUSH4State *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUSH4State *env = cpu_env(CPU(obj));
 
     env->id = SH_CPU_SH7750R;
     env->features = SH_FEATURE_BCR3_AND_BCR4;
@@ -177,8 +174,7 @@ static void sh7750r_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
 
 static void sh7751r_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
-    SuperHCPU *cpu = SUPERH_CPU(obj);
-    CPUSH4State *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUSH4State *env = cpu_env(CPU(obj));
 
     env->id = SH_CPU_SH7751R;
     env->features = SH_FEATURE_BCR3_AND_BCR4;
@@ -195,8 +191,7 @@ static void sh7751r_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
 
 static void sh7785_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
-    SuperHCPU *cpu = SUPERH_CPU(obj);
-    CPUSH4State *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUSH4State *env = cpu_env(CPU(obj));
 
     env->id = SH_CPU_SH7785;
     env->features = SH_FEATURE_SH4A;
@@ -231,8 +226,7 @@ static void superh_cpu_realizefn(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 
 static void superh_cpu_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
-    SuperHCPU *cpu = SUPERH_CPU(obj);
-    CPUSH4State *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUSH4State *env = cpu_env(CPU(obj));
 
     env->movcal_backup_tail = &(env->movcal_backup);
 }
diff --git a/target/sh4/gdbstub.c b/target/sh4/gdbstub.c
index d8e199fc06..75926d4e04 100644
--- a/target/sh4/gdbstub.c
+++ b/target/sh4/gdbstub.c
@@ -26,8 +26,7 @@
 
 int superh_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    SuperHCPU *cpu = SUPERH_CPU(cs);
-    CPUSH4State *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUSH4State *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     switch (n) {
     case 0 ... 7:
@@ -76,8 +75,7 @@ int superh_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 
 int superh_cpu_gdb_write_register(CPUState *cs, uint8_t *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    SuperHCPU *cpu = SUPERH_CPU(cs);
-    CPUSH4State *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUSH4State *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     switch (n) {
     case 0 ... 7:
diff --git a/target/sh4/helper.c b/target/sh4/helper.c
index 5a6f653c12..7c6f9d374a 100644
--- a/target/sh4/helper.c
+++ b/target/sh4/helper.c
@@ -55,8 +55,7 @@ int cpu_sh4_is_cached(CPUSH4State *env, target_ulong addr)
 
 void superh_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    SuperHCPU *cpu = SUPERH_CPU(cs);
-    CPUSH4State *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUSH4State *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int do_irq = cs->interrupt_request & CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD;
     int do_exp, irq_vector = cs->exception_index;
 
@@ -432,11 +431,10 @@ static int get_physical_address(CPUSH4State * env, target_ulong * physical,
 
 hwaddr superh_cpu_get_phys_page_debug(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr)
 {
-    SuperHCPU *cpu = SUPERH_CPU(cs);
     target_ulong physical;
     int prot;
 
-    if (get_physical_address(&cpu->env, &physical, &prot, addr, MMU_DATA_LOAD)
+    if (get_physical_address(cpu_env(cs), &physical, &prot, addr, MMU_DATA_LOAD)
             == MMU_OK) {
         return physical;
     }
@@ -782,11 +780,8 @@ int cpu_sh4_is_cached(CPUSH4State * env, target_ulong addr)
 bool superh_cpu_exec_interrupt(CPUState *cs, int interrupt_request)
 {
     if (interrupt_request & CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD) {
-        SuperHCPU *cpu = SUPERH_CPU(cs);
-        CPUSH4State *env = &cpu->env;
-
         /* Delay slots are indivisible, ignore interrupts */
-        if (env->flags & TB_FLAG_DELAY_SLOT_MASK) {
+        if (cpu_env(cs)->flags & TB_FLAG_DELAY_SLOT_MASK) {
             return false;
         } else {
             superh_cpu_do_interrupt(cs);
@@ -800,8 +795,7 @@ bool superh_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
                          MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
                          bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
-    SuperHCPU *cpu = SUPERH_CPU(cs);
-    CPUSH4State *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUSH4State *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int ret;
 
     target_ulong physical;
diff --git a/target/sh4/op_helper.c b/target/sh4/op_helper.c
index 54d390fe1f..4559d0d376 100644
--- a/target/sh4/op_helper.c
+++ b/target/sh4/op_helper.c
@@ -29,9 +29,7 @@ void superh_cpu_do_unaligned_access(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
                                     MMUAccessType access_type,
                                     int mmu_idx, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
-    CPUSH4State *env = cpu_env(cs);
-
-    env->tea = addr;
+    cpu_env(cs)->tea = addr;
     switch (access_type) {
     case MMU_INST_FETCH:
     case MMU_DATA_LOAD:
diff --git a/target/sh4/translate.c b/target/sh4/translate.c
index 6a6d862b10..a9b1bc7524 100644
--- a/target/sh4/translate.c
+++ b/target/sh4/translate.c
@@ -159,8 +159,7 @@ void sh4_translate_init(void)
 
 void superh_cpu_dump_state(CPUState *cs, FILE *f, int flags)
 {
-    SuperHCPU *cpu = SUPERH_CPU(cs);
-    CPUSH4State *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUSH4State *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int i;
 
     qemu_fprintf(f, "pc=0x%08x sr=0x%08x pr=0x%08x fpscr=0x%08x\n",
@@ -2186,7 +2185,6 @@ static void decode_gusa(DisasContext *ctx, CPUSH4State *env)
 static void sh4_tr_init_disas_context(DisasContextBase *dcbase, CPUState *cs)
 {
     DisasContext *ctx = container_of(dcbase, DisasContext, base);
-    CPUSH4State *env = cpu_env(cs);
     uint32_t tbflags;
     int bound;
 
@@ -2196,7 +2194,7 @@ static void sh4_tr_init_disas_context(DisasContextBase *dcbase, CPUState *cs)
     /* We don't know if the delayed pc came from a dynamic or static branch,
        so assume it is a dynamic branch.  */
     ctx->delayed_pc = -1; /* use delayed pc from env pointer */
-    ctx->features = env->features;
+    ctx->features = cpu_env(cs)->features;
     ctx->has_movcal = (tbflags & TB_FLAG_PENDING_MOVCA);
     ctx->gbank = ((tbflags & (1 << SR_MD)) &&
                   (tbflags & (1 << SR_RB))) * 0x10;
diff --git a/target/sparc/cpu.c b/target/sparc/cpu.c
index 313ebc4c11..dc9ead21fc 100644
--- a/target/sparc/cpu.c
+++ b/target/sparc/cpu.c
@@ -31,10 +31,9 @@
 
 static void sparc_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
 {
-    CPUState *s = CPU(obj);
-    SPARCCPU *cpu = SPARC_CPU(s);
-    SPARCCPUClass *scc = SPARC_CPU_GET_CLASS(cpu);
-    CPUSPARCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUState *cs = CPU(obj);
+    SPARCCPUClass *scc = SPARC_CPU_GET_CLASS(obj);
+    CPUSPARCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     if (scc->parent_phases.hold) {
         scc->parent_phases.hold(obj);
@@ -83,8 +82,7 @@ static void sparc_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
 static bool sparc_cpu_exec_interrupt(CPUState *cs, int interrupt_request)
 {
     if (interrupt_request & CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD) {
-        SPARCCPU *cpu = SPARC_CPU(cs);
-        CPUSPARCState *env = &cpu->env;
+        CPUSPARCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
         if (cpu_interrupts_enabled(env) && env->interrupt_index > 0) {
             int pil = env->interrupt_index & 0xf;
@@ -613,8 +611,7 @@ static void cpu_print_cc(FILE *f, uint32_t cc)
 
 static void sparc_cpu_dump_state(CPUState *cs, FILE *f, int flags)
 {
-    SPARCCPU *cpu = SPARC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUSPARCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUSPARCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int i, x;
 
     qemu_fprintf(f, "pc: " TARGET_FMT_lx "  npc: " TARGET_FMT_lx "\n", env->pc,
@@ -711,11 +708,8 @@ static void sparc_cpu_synchronize_from_tb(CPUState *cs,
 
 static bool sparc_cpu_has_work(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    SPARCCPU *cpu = SPARC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUSPARCState *env = &cpu->env;
-
     return (cs->interrupt_request & CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD) &&
-           cpu_interrupts_enabled(env);
+           cpu_interrupts_enabled(cpu_env(cs));
 }
 
 static int sparc_cpu_mmu_index(CPUState *cs, bool ifetch)
@@ -777,8 +771,7 @@ static void sparc_cpu_realizefn(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     CPUState *cs = CPU(dev);
     SPARCCPUClass *scc = SPARC_CPU_GET_CLASS(dev);
     Error *local_err = NULL;
-    SPARCCPU *cpu = SPARC_CPU(dev);
-    CPUSPARCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUSPARCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
 #if defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)
     /* We are emulating the kernel, which will trap and emulate float128. */
diff --git a/target/sparc/gdbstub.c b/target/sparc/gdbstub.c
index d1586b2392..07ea81ab5f 100644
--- a/target/sparc/gdbstub.c
+++ b/target/sparc/gdbstub.c
@@ -29,8 +29,7 @@
 
 int sparc_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    SPARCCPU *cpu = SPARC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUSPARCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUSPARCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     if (n < 8) {
         /* g0..g7 */
diff --git a/target/sparc/int32_helper.c b/target/sparc/int32_helper.c
index 058dd712b5..6b7d65b031 100644
--- a/target/sparc/int32_helper.c
+++ b/target/sparc/int32_helper.c
@@ -99,8 +99,7 @@ void cpu_check_irqs(CPUSPARCState *env)
 
 void sparc_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    SPARCCPU *cpu = SPARC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUSPARCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUSPARCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int cwp, intno = cs->exception_index;
 
     if (qemu_loglevel_mask(CPU_LOG_INT)) {
diff --git a/target/sparc/int64_helper.c b/target/sparc/int64_helper.c
index 27df9dba89..bd14c7a0db 100644
--- a/target/sparc/int64_helper.c
+++ b/target/sparc/int64_helper.c
@@ -130,8 +130,7 @@ void cpu_check_irqs(CPUSPARCState *env)
 
 void sparc_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    SPARCCPU *cpu = SPARC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUSPARCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUSPARCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int intno = cs->exception_index;
     trap_state *tsptr;
 
diff --git a/target/sparc/ldst_helper.c b/target/sparc/ldst_helper.c
index 1ecd58e8ff..e581bb42ac 100644
--- a/target/sparc/ldst_helper.c
+++ b/target/sparc/ldst_helper.c
@@ -418,8 +418,7 @@ static void sparc_raise_mmu_fault(CPUState *cs, hwaddr addr,
                                   bool is_write, bool is_exec, int is_asi,
                                   unsigned size, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
-    SPARCCPU *cpu = SPARC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUSPARCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUSPARCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int fault_type;
 
 #ifdef DEBUG_UNASSIGNED
@@ -480,8 +479,7 @@ static void sparc_raise_mmu_fault(CPUState *cs, hwaddr addr,
                                   bool is_write, bool is_exec, int is_asi,
                                   unsigned size, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
-    SPARCCPU *cpu = SPARC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUSPARCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUSPARCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
 #ifdef DEBUG_UNASSIGNED
     printf("Unassigned mem access to " HWADDR_FMT_plx " from " TARGET_FMT_lx
diff --git a/target/sparc/mmu_helper.c b/target/sparc/mmu_helper.c
index e7b1997d54..ad1591d9fd 100644
--- a/target/sparc/mmu_helper.c
+++ b/target/sparc/mmu_helper.c
@@ -206,8 +206,7 @@ bool sparc_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
                         MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
                         bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
-    SPARCCPU *cpu = SPARC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUSPARCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUSPARCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     CPUTLBEntryFull full = {};
     target_ulong vaddr;
     int error_code = 0, access_index;
@@ -391,8 +390,7 @@ void dump_mmu(CPUSPARCState *env)
 int sparc_cpu_memory_rw_debug(CPUState *cs, vaddr address,
                               uint8_t *buf, int len, bool is_write)
 {
-    SPARCCPU *cpu = SPARC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUSPARCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUSPARCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     target_ulong addr = address;
     int i;
     int len1;
@@ -759,8 +757,7 @@ bool sparc_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
                         MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
                         bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
-    SPARCCPU *cpu = SPARC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUSPARCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUSPARCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     CPUTLBEntryFull full = {};
     int error_code = 0, access_index;
 
@@ -898,8 +895,7 @@ hwaddr cpu_get_phys_page_nofault(CPUSPARCState *env, target_ulong addr,
 
 hwaddr sparc_cpu_get_phys_page_debug(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr)
 {
-    SPARCCPU *cpu = SPARC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUSPARCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUSPARCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     hwaddr phys_addr;
     int mmu_idx = cpu_mmu_index(cs, false);
 
@@ -916,8 +912,7 @@ G_NORETURN void sparc_cpu_do_unaligned_access(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
                                               int mmu_idx,
                                               uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
-    SPARCCPU *cpu = SPARC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUSPARCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUSPARCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
 #ifdef TARGET_SPARC64
     env->dmmu.sfsr = build_sfsr(env, mmu_idx, access_type);
diff --git a/target/sparc/translate.c b/target/sparc/translate.c
index 692ce0b010..319934d9bd 100644
--- a/target/sparc/translate.c
+++ b/target/sparc/translate.c
@@ -4844,13 +4844,12 @@ TRANS(FCMPEq, ALL, do_fcmpq, a, true)
 static void sparc_tr_init_disas_context(DisasContextBase *dcbase, CPUState *cs)
 {
     DisasContext *dc = container_of(dcbase, DisasContext, base);
-    CPUSPARCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     int bound;
 
     dc->pc = dc->base.pc_first;
     dc->npc = (target_ulong)dc->base.tb->cs_base;
     dc->mem_idx = dc->base.tb->flags & TB_FLAG_MMU_MASK;
-    dc->def = &env->def;
+    dc->def = &cpu_env(cs)->def;
     dc->fpu_enabled = tb_fpu_enabled(dc->base.tb->flags);
     dc->address_mask_32bit = tb_am_enabled(dc->base.tb->flags);
 #ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
@@ -4900,10 +4899,9 @@ static void sparc_tr_insn_start(DisasContextBase *dcbase, CPUState *cs)
 static void sparc_tr_translate_insn(DisasContextBase *dcbase, CPUState *cs)
 {
     DisasContext *dc = container_of(dcbase, DisasContext, base);
-    CPUSPARCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     unsigned int insn;
 
-    insn = translator_ldl(env, &dc->base, dc->pc);
+    insn = translator_ldl(cpu_env(cs), &dc->base, dc->pc);
     dc->base.pc_next += 4;
 
     if (!decode(dc, insn)) {
@@ -5106,8 +5104,7 @@ void sparc_restore_state_to_opc(CPUState *cs,
                                 const TranslationBlock *tb,
                                 const uint64_t *data)
 {
-    SPARCCPU *cpu = SPARC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUSPARCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUSPARCState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     target_ulong pc = data[0];
     target_ulong npc = data[1];
 
diff --git a/target/tricore/cpu.c b/target/tricore/cpu.c
index 74e8a22b86..a9af73aeb5 100644
--- a/target/tricore/cpu.c
+++ b/target/tricore/cpu.c
@@ -36,52 +36,38 @@ static const gchar *tricore_gdb_arch_name(CPUState *cs)
 
 static void tricore_cpu_set_pc(CPUState *cs, vaddr value)
 {
-    TriCoreCPU *cpu = TRICORE_CPU(cs);
-    CPUTriCoreState *env = &cpu->env;
-
-    env->PC = value & ~(target_ulong)1;
+    cpu_env(cs)->PC = value & ~(target_ulong)1;
 }
 
 static vaddr tricore_cpu_get_pc(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    TriCoreCPU *cpu = TRICORE_CPU(cs);
-    CPUTriCoreState *env = &cpu->env;
-
-    return env->PC;
+    return cpu_env(cs)->PC;
 }
 
 static void tricore_cpu_synchronize_from_tb(CPUState *cs,
                                             const TranslationBlock *tb)
 {
-    TriCoreCPU *cpu = TRICORE_CPU(cs);
-    CPUTriCoreState *env = &cpu->env;
-
     tcg_debug_assert(!(cs->tcg_cflags & CF_PCREL));
-    env->PC = tb->pc;
+    cpu_env(cs)->PC = tb->pc;
 }
 
 static void tricore_restore_state_to_opc(CPUState *cs,
                                          const TranslationBlock *tb,
                                          const uint64_t *data)
 {
-    TriCoreCPU *cpu = TRICORE_CPU(cs);
-    CPUTriCoreState *env = &cpu->env;
-
-    env->PC = data[0];
+    cpu_env(cs)->PC = data[0];
 }
 
 static void tricore_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
 {
-    CPUState *s = CPU(obj);
-    TriCoreCPU *cpu = TRICORE_CPU(s);
-    TriCoreCPUClass *tcc = TRICORE_CPU_GET_CLASS(cpu);
-    CPUTriCoreState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUState *cs = CPU(obj);
+    TriCoreCPUClass *tcc = TRICORE_CPU_GET_CLASS(obj);
 
     if (tcc->parent_phases.hold) {
         tcc->parent_phases.hold(obj);
     }
 
-    cpu_state_reset(env);
+    cpu_state_reset(cpu_env(cs));
 }
 
 static bool tricore_cpu_has_work(CPUState *cs)
diff --git a/target/tricore/gdbstub.c b/target/tricore/gdbstub.c
index e8f8e5e6ea..f9309c5e27 100644
--- a/target/tricore/gdbstub.c
+++ b/target/tricore/gdbstub.c
@@ -106,8 +106,7 @@ static void tricore_cpu_gdb_write_csfr(CPUTriCoreState *env, int n,
 
 int tricore_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    TriCoreCPU *cpu = TRICORE_CPU(cs);
-    CPUTriCoreState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUTriCoreState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     if (n < 16) { /* data registers */
         return gdb_get_reg32(mem_buf, env->gpr_d[n]);
@@ -121,8 +120,7 @@ int tricore_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 
 int tricore_cpu_gdb_write_register(CPUState *cs, uint8_t *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    TriCoreCPU *cpu = TRICORE_CPU(cs);
-    CPUTriCoreState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUTriCoreState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     uint32_t tmp;
 
     tmp = ldl_p(mem_buf);
diff --git a/target/tricore/helper.c b/target/tricore/helper.c
index 649373a9cb..6d9e80cc0c 100644
--- a/target/tricore/helper.c
+++ b/target/tricore/helper.c
@@ -67,8 +67,7 @@ bool tricore_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
                           MMUAccessType rw, int mmu_idx,
                           bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
-    TriCoreCPU *cpu = TRICORE_CPU(cs);
-    CPUTriCoreState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUTriCoreState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     hwaddr physical;
     int prot;
     int ret = 0;
diff --git a/target/tricore/translate.c b/target/tricore/translate.c
index 278c514ab0..c45e1d992e 100644
--- a/target/tricore/translate.c
+++ b/target/tricore/translate.c
@@ -95,8 +95,7 @@ enum {
 
 void tricore_cpu_dump_state(CPUState *cs, FILE *f, int flags)
 {
-    TriCoreCPU *cpu = TRICORE_CPU(cs);
-    CPUTriCoreState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUTriCoreState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     uint32_t psw;
     int i;
 
diff --git a/target/xtensa/cpu.c b/target/xtensa/cpu.c
index 79f91819df..875cf843c9 100644
--- a/target/xtensa/cpu.c
+++ b/target/xtensa/cpu.c
@@ -95,10 +95,9 @@ bool xtensa_abi_call0(void)
 
 static void xtensa_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
 {
-    CPUState *s = CPU(obj);
-    XtensaCPU *cpu = XTENSA_CPU(s);
-    XtensaCPUClass *xcc = XTENSA_CPU_GET_CLASS(cpu);
-    CPUXtensaState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUState *cs = CPU(obj);
+    XtensaCPUClass *xcc = XTENSA_CPU_GET_CLASS(obj);
+    CPUXtensaState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     bool dfpu = xtensa_option_enabled(env->config,
                                       XTENSA_OPTION_DFP_COPROCESSOR);
 
@@ -132,7 +131,7 @@ static void xtensa_cpu_reset_hold(Object *obj)
 
 #ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
     reset_mmu(env);
-    s->halted = env->runstall;
+    cs->halted = env->runstall;
 #endif
     set_no_signaling_nans(!dfpu, &env->fp_status);
     set_use_first_nan(!dfpu, &env->fp_status);
diff --git a/target/xtensa/dbg_helper.c b/target/xtensa/dbg_helper.c
index 497dafca71..5546c82ecd 100644
--- a/target/xtensa/dbg_helper.c
+++ b/target/xtensa/dbg_helper.c
@@ -66,8 +66,7 @@ void HELPER(wsr_ibreaka)(CPUXtensaState *env, uint32_t i, uint32_t v)
 
 bool xtensa_debug_check_breakpoint(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    XtensaCPU *cpu = XTENSA_CPU(cs);
-    CPUXtensaState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUXtensaState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     unsigned int i;
 
     if (xtensa_get_cintlevel(env) >= env->config->debug_level) {
diff --git a/target/xtensa/exc_helper.c b/target/xtensa/exc_helper.c
index 168419a505..0514c2c1f3 100644
--- a/target/xtensa/exc_helper.c
+++ b/target/xtensa/exc_helper.c
@@ -205,8 +205,7 @@ static void handle_interrupt(CPUXtensaState *env)
 /* Called from cpu_handle_interrupt with BQL held */
 void xtensa_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    XtensaCPU *cpu = XTENSA_CPU(cs);
-    CPUXtensaState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUXtensaState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     if (cs->exception_index == EXC_IRQ) {
         qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT,
diff --git a/target/xtensa/gdbstub.c b/target/xtensa/gdbstub.c
index 4b3bfb7e59..4748fb6532 100644
--- a/target/xtensa/gdbstub.c
+++ b/target/xtensa/gdbstub.c
@@ -65,8 +65,7 @@ void xtensa_count_regs(const XtensaConfig *config,
 
 int xtensa_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    XtensaCPU *cpu = XTENSA_CPU(cs);
-    CPUXtensaState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUXtensaState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     const XtensaGdbReg *reg = env->config->gdb_regmap.reg + n;
 #ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
     int num_regs = env->config->gdb_regmap.num_core_regs;
@@ -120,8 +119,7 @@ int xtensa_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cs, GByteArray *mem_buf, int n)
 
 int xtensa_cpu_gdb_write_register(CPUState *cs, uint8_t *mem_buf, int n)
 {
-    XtensaCPU *cpu = XTENSA_CPU(cs);
-    CPUXtensaState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUXtensaState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     uint32_t tmp;
     const XtensaGdbReg *reg = env->config->gdb_regmap.reg + n;
 #ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
diff --git a/target/xtensa/helper.c b/target/xtensa/helper.c
index a9f8907083..ca214b948a 100644
--- a/target/xtensa/helper.c
+++ b/target/xtensa/helper.c
@@ -217,8 +217,7 @@ static uint32_t check_hw_breakpoints(CPUXtensaState *env)
 
 void xtensa_breakpoint_handler(CPUState *cs)
 {
-    XtensaCPU *cpu = XTENSA_CPU(cs);
-    CPUXtensaState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUXtensaState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     if (cs->watchpoint_hit) {
         if (cs->watchpoint_hit->flags & BP_CPU) {
@@ -266,8 +265,7 @@ bool xtensa_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
                          MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
                          bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
-    XtensaCPU *cpu = XTENSA_CPU(cs);
-    CPUXtensaState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUXtensaState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     uint32_t paddr;
     uint32_t page_size;
     unsigned access;
@@ -297,8 +295,7 @@ void xtensa_cpu_do_transaction_failed(CPUState *cs, hwaddr physaddr, vaddr addr,
                                       int mmu_idx, MemTxAttrs attrs,
                                       MemTxResult response, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
-    XtensaCPU *cpu = XTENSA_CPU(cs);
-    CPUXtensaState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUXtensaState *env = cpu_env(cs);
 
     cpu_restore_state(cs, retaddr);
     HELPER(exception_cause_vaddr)(env, env->pc,
diff --git a/target/xtensa/translate.c b/target/xtensa/translate.c
index e4772462b5..b206d57fc4 100644
--- a/target/xtensa/translate.c
+++ b/target/xtensa/translate.c
@@ -1127,10 +1127,9 @@ static void xtensa_tr_init_disas_context(DisasContextBase *dcbase,
                                          CPUState *cpu)
 {
     DisasContext *dc = container_of(dcbase, DisasContext, base);
-    CPUXtensaState *env = cpu_env(cpu);
     uint32_t tb_flags = dc->base.tb->flags;
 
-    dc->config = env->config;
+    dc->config = cpu_env(cpu)->config;
     dc->pc = dc->base.pc_first;
     dc->ring = tb_flags & XTENSA_TBFLAG_RING_MASK;
     dc->cring = (tb_flags & XTENSA_TBFLAG_EXCM) ? 0 : dc->ring;
@@ -1248,8 +1247,7 @@ void gen_intermediate_code(CPUState *cpu, TranslationBlock *tb, int *max_insns,
 
 void xtensa_cpu_dump_state(CPUState *cs, FILE *f, int flags)
 {
-    XtensaCPU *cpu = XTENSA_CPU(cs);
-    CPUXtensaState *env = &cpu->env;
+    CPUXtensaState *env = cpu_env(cs);
     xtensa_isa isa = env->config->isa;
     int i, j;
 
diff --git a/tcg/aarch64/tcg-target.c.inc b/tcg/aarch64/tcg-target.c.inc
index dec8ecc1b6..56fc9cb9e0 100644
--- a/tcg/aarch64/tcg-target.c.inc
+++ b/tcg/aarch64/tcg-target.c.inc
@@ -1388,8 +1388,7 @@ static void tcg_out_cmp(TCGContext *s, TCGType ext, TCGCond cond, TCGReg a,
         if (!const_b) {
             tcg_out_insn(s, 3510, ANDS, ext, TCG_REG_XZR, a, b);
         } else {
-            tcg_debug_assert(is_limm(b));
-            tcg_out_logicali(s, I3404_ANDSI, 0, TCG_REG_XZR, a, b);
+            tcg_out_logicali(s, I3404_ANDSI, ext, TCG_REG_XZR, a, b);
         }
     } else {
         if (!const_b) {
@@ -1465,6 +1464,7 @@ static void tcg_out_brcond(TCGContext *s, TCGType ext, TCGCond c, TCGArg a,
     case TCG_COND_TSTNE:
         /* tst xN,0xffffffff; b.ne L -> cbnz wN,L */
         if (b_const && b == UINT32_MAX) {
+            c = tcg_tst_eqne_cond(c);
             ext = TCG_TYPE_I32;
             need_cmp = false;
             break;
diff --git a/tests/qtest/arm-cpu-features.c b/tests/qtest/arm-cpu-features.c
index a8a4c668ad..9d6e6190d5 100644
--- a/tests/qtest/arm-cpu-features.c
+++ b/tests/qtest/arm-cpu-features.c
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ static const char *resp_get_error(QDict *resp)
     g_assert(_resp);                                                   \
     _error = resp_get_error(_resp);                                    \
     g_assert(_error);                                                  \
-    g_assert(g_str_equal(_error, expected_error));                     \
+    g_assert_cmpstr(_error, ==, expected_error);                       \
     qobject_unref(_resp);                                              \
 })
 
@@ -194,8 +194,8 @@ static void assert_type_full(QTestState *qts)
     g_assert(resp);
     error = resp_get_error(resp);
     g_assert(error);
-    g_assert(g_str_equal(error,
-                         "The requested expansion type is not supported"));
+    g_assert_cmpstr(error, ==,
+                    "The requested expansion type is not supported");
     qobject_unref(resp);
 }
 
@@ -212,8 +212,9 @@ static void assert_bad_props(QTestState *qts, const char *cpu_type)
     g_assert(resp);
     error = resp_get_error(resp);
     g_assert(error);
-    g_assert(g_str_equal(error,
-                         "Invalid parameter type for 'props', expected: dict"));
+    g_assert_cmpstr(error, ==,
+                    "Invalid parameter type for 'model.props',"
+                    " expected: object");
     qobject_unref(resp);
 }
 
@@ -446,7 +447,7 @@ static void test_query_cpu_model_expansion(const void *data)
     assert_bad_props(qts, "max");
     assert_error(qts, "foo", "The CPU type 'foo' is not a recognized "
                  "ARM CPU type", NULL);
-    assert_error(qts, "max", "Parameter 'not-a-prop' is unexpected",
+    assert_error(qts, "max", "Parameter 'model.props.not-a-prop' is unexpected",
                  "{ 'not-a-prop': false }");
     assert_error(qts, "host", "The CPU type 'host' requires KVM", NULL);
 
diff --git a/ui/dbus-listener.c b/ui/dbus-listener.c
index 18f556aa73..4a0a5d78f9 100644
--- a/ui/dbus-listener.c
+++ b/ui/dbus-listener.c
@@ -83,6 +83,9 @@ struct _DBusDisplayListener {
     egl_fb fb;
 #endif
 #endif
+
+    guint dbus_filter;
+    guint32 out_serial_to_discard;
 };
 
 G_DEFINE_TYPE(DBusDisplayListener, dbus_display_listener, G_TYPE_OBJECT)
@@ -90,6 +93,12 @@ G_DEFINE_TYPE(DBusDisplayListener, dbus_display_listener, G_TYPE_OBJECT)
 static void dbus_gfx_update(DisplayChangeListener *dcl,
                             int x, int y, int w, int h);
 
+static void ddl_discard_pending_messages(DBusDisplayListener *ddl)
+{
+    ddl->out_serial_to_discard = g_dbus_connection_get_last_serial(
+        g_dbus_proxy_get_connection(G_DBUS_PROXY(ddl->proxy)));
+}
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_OPENGL
 static void dbus_scanout_disable(DisplayChangeListener *dcl)
 {
@@ -276,6 +285,8 @@ static void dbus_scanout_dmabuf(DisplayChangeListener *dcl,
         return;
     }
 
+    ddl_discard_pending_messages(ddl);
+
     /* FIXME: add missing x/y/w/h support */
     qemu_dbus_display1_listener_call_scanout_dmabuf(
         ddl->proxy,
@@ -323,6 +334,8 @@ static bool dbus_scanout_map(DBusDisplayListener *ddl)
         return false;
     }
 
+    ddl_discard_pending_messages(ddl);
+
     if (!qemu_dbus_display1_listener_win32_map_call_scanout_map_sync(
             ddl->map_proxy,
             GPOINTER_TO_UINT(target_handle),
@@ -384,6 +397,8 @@ dbus_scanout_share_d3d_texture(
         return false;
     }
 
+    ddl_discard_pending_messages(ddl);
+
     qemu_dbus_display1_listener_win32_d3d11_call_scanout_texture2d(
         ddl->d3d11_proxy,
         GPOINTER_TO_INT(target_handle),
@@ -630,11 +645,28 @@ static void dbus_gfx_update_sub(DBusDisplayListener *ddl,
         DBUS_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 }
 
+static void ddl_scanout(DBusDisplayListener *ddl)
+{
+    GVariant *v_data;
+
+    v_data = g_variant_new_from_data(
+        G_VARIANT_TYPE("ay"), surface_data(ddl->ds),
+        surface_stride(ddl->ds) * surface_height(ddl->ds), TRUE,
+        (GDestroyNotify)pixman_image_unref, pixman_image_ref(ddl->ds->image));
+
+    ddl_discard_pending_messages(ddl);
+
+    qemu_dbus_display1_listener_call_scanout(
+        ddl->proxy, surface_width(ddl->ds), surface_height(ddl->ds),
+        surface_stride(ddl->ds), surface_format(ddl->ds), v_data,
+        G_DBUS_CALL_FLAGS_NONE, DBUS_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, NULL, NULL,
+        g_object_ref(ddl));
+}
+
 static void dbus_gfx_update(DisplayChangeListener *dcl,
                             int x, int y, int w, int h)
 {
     DBusDisplayListener *ddl = container_of(dcl, DBusDisplayListener, dcl);
-    GVariant *v_data;
 
     assert(ddl->ds);
 
@@ -652,23 +684,7 @@ static void dbus_gfx_update(DisplayChangeListener *dcl,
 #endif
 
     if (x == 0 && y == 0 && w == surface_width(ddl->ds) && h == surface_height(ddl->ds)) {
-        v_data = g_variant_new_from_data(
-            G_VARIANT_TYPE("ay"),
-            surface_data(ddl->ds),
-            surface_stride(ddl->ds) * surface_height(ddl->ds),
-            TRUE,
-            (GDestroyNotify)pixman_image_unref,
-            pixman_image_ref(ddl->ds->image));
-        qemu_dbus_display1_listener_call_scanout(
-            ddl->proxy,
-            surface_width(ddl->ds),
-            surface_height(ddl->ds),
-            surface_stride(ddl->ds),
-            surface_format(ddl->ds),
-            v_data,
-            G_DBUS_CALL_FLAGS_NONE,
-            DBUS_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-        return;
+        return ddl_scanout(ddl);
     }
 
     dbus_gfx_update_sub(ddl, x, y, w, h);
@@ -964,6 +980,28 @@ dbus_display_listener_setup_shared_map(DBusDisplayListener *ddl)
 #endif
 }
 
+static GDBusMessage *
+dbus_filter(GDBusConnection *connection,
+            GDBusMessage    *message,
+            gboolean         incoming,
+            gpointer         user_data)
+{
+    DBusDisplayListener *ddl = DBUS_DISPLAY_LISTENER(user_data);
+    guint32 serial;
+
+    if (incoming) {
+        return message;
+    }
+
+    serial = g_dbus_message_get_serial(message);
+    if (serial <= ddl->out_serial_to_discard) {
+        trace_dbus_filter(serial, ddl->out_serial_to_discard);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return message;
+}
+
 DBusDisplayListener *
 dbus_display_listener_new(const char *bus_name,
                           GDBusConnection *conn,
@@ -988,6 +1026,7 @@ dbus_display_listener_new(const char *bus_name,
         return NULL;
     }
 
+    ddl->dbus_filter = g_dbus_connection_add_filter(conn, dbus_filter, g_object_ref(ddl), g_object_unref);
     ddl->bus_name = g_strdup(bus_name);
     ddl->conn = conn;
     ddl->console = console;
diff --git a/ui/trace-events b/ui/trace-events
index 16c35c9fd6..e6a2894303 100644
--- a/ui/trace-events
+++ b/ui/trace-events
@@ -161,6 +161,7 @@ dbus_clipboard_register(const char *bus_name) "peer %s"
 dbus_clipboard_unregister(const char *bus_name) "peer %s"
 dbus_scanout_texture(uint32_t tex_id, bool backing_y_0_top, uint32_t backing_width, uint32_t backing_height, uint32_t x, uint32_t y, uint32_t w, uint32_t h) "tex_id:%u y0top:%d back:%ux%u %u+%u-%ux%u"
 dbus_gl_gfx_switch(void *p) "surf: %p"
+dbus_filter(unsigned int serial, unsigned int filter) "serial=%u (<= %u)"
 
 # egl-helpers.c
 egl_init_d3d11_device(void *p) "d3d device: %p"
diff --git a/ui/vnc.c b/ui/vnc.c
index af20d24534..fc12b343e2 100644
--- a/ui/vnc.c
+++ b/ui/vnc.c
@@ -1931,7 +1931,8 @@ static void do_key_event(VncState *vs, int down, int keycode, int sym)
     }
 
     qkbd_state_key_event(vs->vd->kbd, qcode, down);
-    if (!qemu_console_is_graphic(NULL)) {
+    if (!qemu_console_is_graphic(vs->vd->dcl.con)) {
+        QemuTextConsole *con = QEMU_TEXT_CONSOLE(vs->vd->dcl.con);
         bool numlock = qkbd_state_modifier_get(vs->vd->kbd, QKBD_MOD_NUMLOCK);
         bool control = qkbd_state_modifier_get(vs->vd->kbd, QKBD_MOD_CTRL);
         /* QEMU console emulation */
@@ -1945,88 +1946,88 @@ static void do_key_event(VncState *vs, int down, int keycode, int sym)
             case 0xb8:                          /* Right ALT */
                 break;
             case 0xc8:
-                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, QEMU_KEY_UP);
+                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, QEMU_KEY_UP);
                 break;
             case 0xd0:
-                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, QEMU_KEY_DOWN);
+                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, QEMU_KEY_DOWN);
                 break;
             case 0xcb:
-                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, QEMU_KEY_LEFT);
+                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, QEMU_KEY_LEFT);
                 break;
             case 0xcd:
-                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, QEMU_KEY_RIGHT);
+                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, QEMU_KEY_RIGHT);
                 break;
             case 0xd3:
-                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, QEMU_KEY_DELETE);
+                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, QEMU_KEY_DELETE);
                 break;
             case 0xc7:
-                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, QEMU_KEY_HOME);
+                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, QEMU_KEY_HOME);
                 break;
             case 0xcf:
-                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, QEMU_KEY_END);
+                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, QEMU_KEY_END);
                 break;
             case 0xc9:
-                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, QEMU_KEY_PAGEUP);
+                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, QEMU_KEY_PAGEUP);
                 break;
             case 0xd1:
-                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, QEMU_KEY_PAGEDOWN);
+                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, QEMU_KEY_PAGEDOWN);
                 break;
 
             case 0x47:
-                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, numlock ? '7' : QEMU_KEY_HOME);
+                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, numlock ? '7' : QEMU_KEY_HOME);
                 break;
             case 0x48:
-                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, numlock ? '8' : QEMU_KEY_UP);
+                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, numlock ? '8' : QEMU_KEY_UP);
                 break;
             case 0x49:
-                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, numlock ? '9' : QEMU_KEY_PAGEUP);
+                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, numlock ? '9' : QEMU_KEY_PAGEUP);
                 break;
             case 0x4b:
-                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, numlock ? '4' : QEMU_KEY_LEFT);
+                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, numlock ? '4' : QEMU_KEY_LEFT);
                 break;
             case 0x4c:
-                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, '5');
+                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, '5');
                 break;
             case 0x4d:
-                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, numlock ? '6' : QEMU_KEY_RIGHT);
+                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, numlock ? '6' : QEMU_KEY_RIGHT);
                 break;
             case 0x4f:
-                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, numlock ? '1' : QEMU_KEY_END);
+                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, numlock ? '1' : QEMU_KEY_END);
                 break;
             case 0x50:
-                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, numlock ? '2' : QEMU_KEY_DOWN);
+                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, numlock ? '2' : QEMU_KEY_DOWN);
                 break;
             case 0x51:
-                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, numlock ? '3' : QEMU_KEY_PAGEDOWN);
+                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, numlock ? '3' : QEMU_KEY_PAGEDOWN);
                 break;
             case 0x52:
-                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, '0');
+                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, '0');
                 break;
             case 0x53:
-                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, numlock ? '.' : QEMU_KEY_DELETE);
+                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, numlock ? '.' : QEMU_KEY_DELETE);
                 break;
 
             case 0xb5:
-                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, '/');
+                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, '/');
                 break;
             case 0x37:
-                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, '*');
+                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, '*');
                 break;
             case 0x4a:
-                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, '-');
+                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, '-');
                 break;
             case 0x4e:
-                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, '+');
+                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, '+');
                 break;
             case 0x9c:
-                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, '\n');
+                qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, '\n');
                 break;
 
             default:
                 if (control) {
-                    qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, sym & 0x1f);
+                    qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, sym & 0x1f);
                 } else {
-                    qemu_text_console_put_keysym(NULL, sym);
+                    qemu_text_console_put_keysym(con, sym);
                 }
                 break;
             }
@@ -2044,7 +2045,7 @@ static void key_event(VncState *vs, int down, uint32_t sym)
     int keycode;
     int lsym = sym;
 
-    if (lsym >= 'A' && lsym <= 'Z' && qemu_console_is_graphic(NULL)) {
+    if (lsym >= 'A' && lsym <= 'Z' && qemu_console_is_graphic(vs->vd->dcl.con)) {
         lsym = lsym - 'A' + 'a';
     }