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-rw-r--r--docs/system/deprecated.rst9
-rw-r--r--docs/system/target-i386-desc.rst.inc13
-rw-r--r--hw/audio/ac97.c9
-rw-r--r--hw/audio/adlib.c8
-rw-r--r--hw/audio/cs4231a.c8
-rw-r--r--hw/audio/es1370.c9
-rw-r--r--hw/audio/gus.c8
-rw-r--r--hw/audio/intel-hda.c3
-rw-r--r--hw/audio/pcspk.c26
-rw-r--r--hw/audio/sb16.c9
-rw-r--r--hw/audio/soundhw.c24
-rw-r--r--hw/i386/pc.c14
-rw-r--r--hw/i386/pc_piix.c3
-rw-r--r--hw/i386/pc_q35.c3
-rw-r--r--hw/isa/i82378.c2
-rw-r--r--hw/mips/jazz.c2
-rw-r--r--include/hw/audio/pcspk.h12
-rw-r--r--include/hw/audio/soundhw.h2
-rw-r--r--include/hw/i386/pc.h6
-rw-r--r--qdev-monitor.c2
-rw-r--r--softmmu/vl.c12
-rw-r--r--stubs/Makefile.objs2
-rw-r--r--stubs/isa-bus.c7
-rw-r--r--stubs/pci-bus.c7
24 files changed, 121 insertions, 79 deletions
diff --git a/docs/system/deprecated.rst b/docs/system/deprecated.rst
index 47f84be8e0..58a9aeb851 100644
--- a/docs/system/deprecated.rst
+++ b/docs/system/deprecated.rst
@@ -82,6 +82,15 @@ should specify an ``audiodev=`` property.  Additionally, when using
 vnc, you should specify an ``audiodev=`` propery if you plan to
 transmit audio through the VNC protocol.
 
+Creating sound card devices using ``-soundhw`` (since 5.1)
+''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
+
+Sound card devices should be created using ``-device`` instead.  The
+names are the same for most devices.  The exceptions are ``hda`` which
+needs two devices (``-device intel-hda -device hda-duplex``) and
+``pcspk`` which can be activated using ``-machine
+pcspk-audiodev=<name>``.
+
 ``-mon ...,control=readline,pretty=on|off`` (since 4.1)
 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
 
diff --git a/docs/system/target-i386-desc.rst.inc b/docs/system/target-i386-desc.rst.inc
index 47a169e0ae..7d1fffacbe 100644
--- a/docs/system/target-i386-desc.rst.inc
+++ b/docs/system/target-i386-desc.rst.inc
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ The QEMU PC System emulator simulates the following peripherals:
 
 -  CS4231A compatible sound card
 
+-  PC speaker
+
 -  PCI UHCI, OHCI, EHCI or XHCI USB controller and a virtual USB-1.1
    hub.
 
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ must be told to not have parallel ports to have working GUS.
 
 .. parsed-literal::
 
-   |qemu_system_x86| dos.img -soundhw gus -parallel none
+   |qemu_system_x86| dos.img -device gus -parallel none
 
 Alternatively:
 
@@ -60,3 +62,12 @@ Alternatively:
 Or some other unclaimed IRQ.
 
 CS4231A is the chip used in Windows Sound System and GUSMAX products
+
+The PC speaker audio device can be configured using the pcspk-audiodev
+machine property, i.e.
+
+.. parsed-literal::
+
+   |qemu_system_x86| some.img \
+   -audiodev <backend>,id=<name> \
+   -machine pcspk-audiodev=<name>
diff --git a/hw/audio/ac97.c b/hw/audio/ac97.c
index 8a9b9924c4..38522cf0ba 100644
--- a/hw/audio/ac97.c
+++ b/hw/audio/ac97.c
@@ -1393,12 +1393,6 @@ static void ac97_exit(PCIDevice *dev)
     AUD_remove_card(&s->card);
 }
 
-static int ac97_init (PCIBus *bus)
-{
-    pci_create_simple(bus, -1, TYPE_AC97);
-    return 0;
-}
-
 static Property ac97_properties[] = {
     DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(AC97LinkState, card),
     DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST (),
@@ -1436,7 +1430,8 @@ static const TypeInfo ac97_info = {
 static void ac97_register_types (void)
 {
     type_register_static (&ac97_info);
-    pci_register_soundhw("ac97", "Intel 82801AA AC97 Audio", ac97_init);
+    deprecated_register_soundhw("ac97", "Intel 82801AA AC97 Audio",
+                                0, TYPE_AC97);
 }
 
 type_init (ac97_register_types)
diff --git a/hw/audio/adlib.c b/hw/audio/adlib.c
index 7c3b67dcfb..65dff5b6fc 100644
--- a/hw/audio/adlib.c
+++ b/hw/audio/adlib.c
@@ -319,16 +319,10 @@ static const TypeInfo adlib_info = {
     .class_init    = adlib_class_initfn,
 };
 
-static int Adlib_init (ISABus *bus)
-{
-    isa_create_simple (bus, TYPE_ADLIB);
-    return 0;
-}
-
 static void adlib_register_types (void)
 {
     type_register_static (&adlib_info);
-    isa_register_soundhw("adlib", ADLIB_DESC, Adlib_init);
+    deprecated_register_soundhw("adlib", ADLIB_DESC, 1, TYPE_ADLIB);
 }
 
 type_init (adlib_register_types)
diff --git a/hw/audio/cs4231a.c b/hw/audio/cs4231a.c
index ffdbb58d6a..59705a8d47 100644
--- a/hw/audio/cs4231a.c
+++ b/hw/audio/cs4231a.c
@@ -683,12 +683,6 @@ static void cs4231a_realizefn (DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     AUD_register_card ("cs4231a", &s->card);
 }
 
-static int cs4231a_init (ISABus *bus)
-{
-    isa_create_simple (bus, TYPE_CS4231A);
-    return 0;
-}
-
 static Property cs4231a_properties[] = {
     DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(CSState, card),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32 ("iobase",  CSState, port, 0x534),
@@ -720,7 +714,7 @@ static const TypeInfo cs4231a_info = {
 static void cs4231a_register_types (void)
 {
     type_register_static (&cs4231a_info);
-    isa_register_soundhw("cs4231a", "CS4231A", cs4231a_init);
+    deprecated_register_soundhw("cs4231a", "CS4231A", 1, TYPE_CS4231A);
 }
 
 type_init (cs4231a_register_types)
diff --git a/hw/audio/es1370.c b/hw/audio/es1370.c
index 5f8a83ff56..4255463a49 100644
--- a/hw/audio/es1370.c
+++ b/hw/audio/es1370.c
@@ -884,12 +884,6 @@ static void es1370_exit(PCIDevice *dev)
     AUD_remove_card(&s->card);
 }
 
-static int es1370_init (PCIBus *bus)
-{
-    pci_create_simple (bus, -1, TYPE_ES1370);
-    return 0;
-}
-
 static Property es1370_properties[] = {
     DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(ES1370State, card),
     DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
@@ -928,7 +922,8 @@ static const TypeInfo es1370_info = {
 static void es1370_register_types (void)
 {
     type_register_static (&es1370_info);
-    pci_register_soundhw("es1370", "ENSONIQ AudioPCI ES1370", es1370_init);
+    deprecated_register_soundhw("es1370", "ENSONIQ AudioPCI ES1370",
+                                0, TYPE_ES1370);
 }
 
 type_init (es1370_register_types)
diff --git a/hw/audio/gus.c b/hw/audio/gus.c
index c8df2bde6b..7e4a8cadad 100644
--- a/hw/audio/gus.c
+++ b/hw/audio/gus.c
@@ -286,12 +286,6 @@ static void gus_realizefn (DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     AUD_set_active_out (s->voice, 1);
 }
 
-static int GUS_init (ISABus *bus)
-{
-    isa_create_simple (bus, TYPE_GUS);
-    return 0;
-}
-
 static Property gus_properties[] = {
     DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(GUSState, card),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32 ("freq",    GUSState, freq,        44100),
@@ -322,7 +316,7 @@ static const TypeInfo gus_info = {
 static void gus_register_types (void)
 {
     type_register_static (&gus_info);
-    isa_register_soundhw("gus", "Gravis Ultrasound GF1", GUS_init);
+    deprecated_register_soundhw("gus", "Gravis Ultrasound GF1", 1, TYPE_GUS);
 }
 
 type_init (gus_register_types)
diff --git a/hw/audio/intel-hda.c b/hw/audio/intel-hda.c
index f673b8317a..f6cea49686 100644
--- a/hw/audio/intel-hda.c
+++ b/hw/audio/intel-hda.c
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "qemu/bitops.h"
 #include "qemu/log.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
+#include "qemu/error-report.h"
 #include "hw/audio/soundhw.h"
 #include "intel-hda.h"
 #include "migration/vmstate.h"
@@ -1307,6 +1308,8 @@ static int intel_hda_and_codec_init(PCIBus *bus)
     BusState *hdabus;
     DeviceState *codec;
 
+    warn_report("'-soundhw hda' is deprecated, "
+                "please use '-device intel-hda -device hda-duplex' instead");
     controller = DEVICE(pci_create_simple(bus, -1, "intel-hda"));
     hdabus = QLIST_FIRST(&controller->child_bus);
     codec = qdev_new("hda-duplex");
diff --git a/hw/audio/pcspk.c b/hw/audio/pcspk.c
index c37a387861..ea539e7605 100644
--- a/hw/audio/pcspk.c
+++ b/hw/audio/pcspk.c
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "audio/audio.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
 #include "qemu/timer.h"
+#include "qemu/error-report.h"
 #include "hw/timer/i8254.h"
 #include "migration/vmstate.h"
 #include "hw/audio/pcspk.h"
@@ -112,11 +113,15 @@ static void pcspk_callback(void *opaque, int free)
     }
 }
 
-static int pcspk_audio_init(ISABus *bus)
+static int pcspk_audio_init(PCSpkState *s)
 {
-    PCSpkState *s = pcspk_state;
     struct audsettings as = {PCSPK_SAMPLE_RATE, 1, AUDIO_FORMAT_U8, 0};
 
+    if (s->voice) {
+        /* already initialized */
+        return 0;
+    }
+
     AUD_register_card(s_spk, &s->card);
 
     s->voice = AUD_open_out(&s->card, s->voice, s_spk, s, pcspk_callback, &as);
@@ -185,6 +190,10 @@ static void pcspk_realizefn(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 
     isa_register_ioport(isadev, &s->ioport, s->iobase);
 
+    if (s->card.state) {
+        pcspk_audio_init(s);
+    }
+
     pcspk_state = s;
 }
 
@@ -210,7 +219,7 @@ static const VMStateDescription vmstate_spk = {
 
 static Property pcspk_properties[] = {
     DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(PCSpkState, card),
-    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("iobase", PCSpkState, iobase,  -1),
+    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("iobase", PCSpkState, iobase,  0x61),
     DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("migrate", PCSpkState, migrate,  true),
     DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
 };
@@ -236,9 +245,18 @@ static const TypeInfo pcspk_info = {
     .class_init     = pcspk_class_initfn,
 };
 
+static int pcspk_audio_init_soundhw(ISABus *bus)
+{
+    PCSpkState *s = pcspk_state;
+
+    warn_report("'-soundhw pcspk' is deprecated, "
+                "please set a backend using '-machine pcspk-audiodev=<name>' instead");
+    return pcspk_audio_init(s);
+}
+
 static void pcspk_register(void)
 {
     type_register_static(&pcspk_info);
-    isa_register_soundhw("pcspk", "PC speaker", pcspk_audio_init);
+    isa_register_soundhw("pcspk", "PC speaker", pcspk_audio_init_soundhw);
 }
 type_init(pcspk_register)
diff --git a/hw/audio/sb16.c b/hw/audio/sb16.c
index df6f755a37..2d9e50f99b 100644
--- a/hw/audio/sb16.c
+++ b/hw/audio/sb16.c
@@ -1415,12 +1415,6 @@ static void sb16_realizefn (DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     AUD_register_card ("sb16", &s->card);
 }
 
-static int SB16_init (ISABus *bus)
-{
-    isa_create_simple (bus, TYPE_SB16);
-    return 0;
-}
-
 static Property sb16_properties[] = {
     DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(SB16State, card),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32 ("version", SB16State, ver,  0x0405), /* 4.5 */
@@ -1453,7 +1447,8 @@ static const TypeInfo sb16_info = {
 static void sb16_register_types (void)
 {
     type_register_static (&sb16_info);
-    isa_register_soundhw("sb16", "Creative Sound Blaster 16", SB16_init);
+    deprecated_register_soundhw("sb16", "Creative Sound Blaster 16",
+                                1, TYPE_SB16);
 }
 
 type_init (sb16_register_types)
diff --git a/hw/audio/soundhw.c b/hw/audio/soundhw.c
index c750473c8f..173b674ff5 100644
--- a/hw/audio/soundhw.c
+++ b/hw/audio/soundhw.c
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
  * THE SOFTWARE.
  */
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "qemu/option.h"
 #include "qemu/help_option.h"
 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
 #include "qom/object.h"
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@
 struct soundhw {
     const char *name;
     const char *descr;
+    const char *typename;
     int enabled;
     int isa;
     union {
@@ -65,6 +67,17 @@ void pci_register_soundhw(const char *name, const char *descr,
     soundhw_count++;
 }
 
+void deprecated_register_soundhw(const char *name, const char *descr,
+                                 int isa, const char *typename)
+{
+    assert(soundhw_count < ARRAY_SIZE(soundhw) - 1);
+    soundhw[soundhw_count].name = name;
+    soundhw[soundhw_count].descr = descr;
+    soundhw[soundhw_count].isa = isa;
+    soundhw[soundhw_count].typename = typename;
+    soundhw_count++;
+}
+
 void select_soundhw(const char *optarg)
 {
     struct soundhw *c;
@@ -136,7 +149,16 @@ void soundhw_init(void)
 
     for (c = soundhw; c->name; ++c) {
         if (c->enabled) {
-            if (c->isa) {
+            if (c->typename) {
+                warn_report("'-soundhw %s' is deprecated, "
+                            "please use '-device %s' instead",
+                            c->name, c->typename);
+                if (c->isa) {
+                    isa_create_simple(isa_bus, c->typename);
+                } else {
+                    pci_create_simple(pci_bus, -1, c->typename);
+                }
+            } else if (c->isa) {
                 if (!isa_bus) {
                     error_report("ISA bus not available for %s", c->name);
                     exit(1);
diff --git a/hw/i386/pc.c b/hw/i386/pc.c
index 61acc9e530..d7f27bc16b 100644
--- a/hw/i386/pc.c
+++ b/hw/i386/pc.c
@@ -1156,11 +1156,10 @@ static void pc_superio_init(ISABus *isa_bus, bool create_fdctrl, bool no_vmport)
     g_free(a20_line);
 }
 
-void pc_basic_device_init(ISABus *isa_bus, qemu_irq *gsi,
+void pc_basic_device_init(struct PCMachineState *pcms,
+                          ISABus *isa_bus, qemu_irq *gsi,
                           ISADevice **rtc_state,
                           bool create_fdctrl,
-                          bool no_vmport,
-                          bool has_pit,
                           uint32_t hpet_irqs)
 {
     int i;
@@ -1211,7 +1210,7 @@ void pc_basic_device_init(ISABus *isa_bus, qemu_irq *gsi,
 
     qemu_register_boot_set(pc_boot_set, *rtc_state);
 
-    if (!xen_enabled() && has_pit) {
+    if (!xen_enabled() && pcms->pit_enabled) {
         if (kvm_pit_in_kernel()) {
             pit = kvm_pit_init(isa_bus, 0x40);
         } else {
@@ -1221,13 +1220,13 @@ void pc_basic_device_init(ISABus *isa_bus, qemu_irq *gsi,
             /* connect PIT to output control line of the HPET */
             qdev_connect_gpio_out(hpet, 0, qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(pit), 0));
         }
-        pcspk_init(isa_bus, pit);
+        pcspk_init(pcms->pcspk, isa_bus, pit);
     }
 
     i8257_dma_init(isa_bus, 0);
 
     /* Super I/O */
-    pc_superio_init(isa_bus, create_fdctrl, no_vmport);
+    pc_superio_init(isa_bus, create_fdctrl, pcms->vmport != ON_OFF_AUTO_ON);
 }
 
 void pc_nic_init(PCMachineClass *pcmc, ISABus *isa_bus, PCIBus *pci_bus)
@@ -1901,6 +1900,9 @@ static void pc_machine_initfn(Object *obj)
     pcms->pit_enabled = true;
 
     pc_system_flash_create(pcms);
+    pcms->pcspk = isa_new(TYPE_PC_SPEAKER);
+    object_property_add_alias(OBJECT(pcms), "pcspk-audiodev",
+                              OBJECT(pcms->pcspk), "audiodev");
 }
 
 static void pc_machine_reset(MachineState *machine)
diff --git a/hw/i386/pc_piix.c b/hw/i386/pc_piix.c
index fae487f57d..2bb42a8141 100644
--- a/hw/i386/pc_piix.c
+++ b/hw/i386/pc_piix.c
@@ -235,8 +235,7 @@ static void pc_init1(MachineState *machine,
     }
 
     /* init basic PC hardware */
-    pc_basic_device_init(isa_bus, x86ms->gsi, &rtc_state, true,
-                         (pcms->vmport != ON_OFF_AUTO_ON), pcms->pit_enabled,
+    pc_basic_device_init(pcms, isa_bus, x86ms->gsi, &rtc_state, true,
                          0x4);
 
     pc_nic_init(pcmc, isa_bus, pci_bus);
diff --git a/hw/i386/pc_q35.c b/hw/i386/pc_q35.c
index acd6d405f0..33163ed18d 100644
--- a/hw/i386/pc_q35.c
+++ b/hw/i386/pc_q35.c
@@ -275,8 +275,7 @@ static void pc_q35_init(MachineState *machine)
     }
 
     /* init basic PC hardware */
-    pc_basic_device_init(isa_bus, x86ms->gsi, &rtc_state, !mc->no_floppy,
-                         (pcms->vmport != ON_OFF_AUTO_ON), pcms->pit_enabled,
+    pc_basic_device_init(pcms, isa_bus, x86ms->gsi, &rtc_state, !mc->no_floppy,
                          0xff0104);
 
     /* connect pm stuff to lpc */
diff --git a/hw/isa/i82378.c b/hw/isa/i82378.c
index d9e6c7fa00..75a2da2881 100644
--- a/hw/isa/i82378.c
+++ b/hw/isa/i82378.c
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ static void i82378_realize(PCIDevice *pci, Error **errp)
     pit = i8254_pit_init(isabus, 0x40, 0, NULL);
 
     /* speaker */
-    pcspk_init(isabus, pit);
+    pcspk_init(isa_new(TYPE_PC_SPEAKER), isabus, pit);
 
     /* 2 82C37 (dma) */
     isa_create_simple(isabus, "i82374");
diff --git a/hw/mips/jazz.c b/hw/mips/jazz.c
index c3b0da60cc..0002bff695 100644
--- a/hw/mips/jazz.c
+++ b/hw/mips/jazz.c
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ static void mips_jazz_init(MachineState *machine,
     isa_bus_irqs(isa_bus, i8259);
     i8257_dma_init(isa_bus, 0);
     pit = i8254_pit_init(isa_bus, 0x40, 0, NULL);
-    pcspk_init(isa_bus, pit);
+    pcspk_init(isa_new(TYPE_PC_SPEAKER), isa_bus, pit);
 
     /* Video card */
     switch (jazz_model) {
diff --git a/include/hw/audio/pcspk.h b/include/hw/audio/pcspk.h
index 7e7f5f49dc..06cba00b83 100644
--- a/include/hw/audio/pcspk.h
+++ b/include/hw/audio/pcspk.h
@@ -31,18 +31,10 @@
 
 #define TYPE_PC_SPEAKER "isa-pcspk"
 
-static inline ISADevice *pcspk_init(ISABus *bus, ISADevice *pit)
+static inline void pcspk_init(ISADevice *isadev, ISABus *bus, ISADevice *pit)
 {
-    DeviceState *dev;
-    ISADevice *isadev;
-
-    isadev = isa_new(TYPE_PC_SPEAKER);
-    dev = DEVICE(isadev);
-    qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "iobase", 0x61);
-    object_property_set_link(OBJECT(dev), OBJECT(pit), "pit", NULL);
+    object_property_set_link(OBJECT(isadev), OBJECT(pit), "pit", NULL);
     isa_realize_and_unref(isadev, bus, &error_fatal);
-
-    return isadev;
 }
 
 #endif /* HW_PCSPK_H */
diff --git a/include/hw/audio/soundhw.h b/include/hw/audio/soundhw.h
index c8eef82418..f09a297854 100644
--- a/include/hw/audio/soundhw.h
+++ b/include/hw/audio/soundhw.h
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ void isa_register_soundhw(const char *name, const char *descr,
 
 void pci_register_soundhw(const char *name, const char *descr,
                           int (*init_pci)(PCIBus *bus));
+void deprecated_register_soundhw(const char *name, const char *descr,
+                                 int isa, const char *typename);
 
 void soundhw_init(void);
 void select_soundhw(const char *optarg);
diff --git a/include/hw/i386/pc.h b/include/hw/i386/pc.h
index dce1273c7d..a802e69974 100644
--- a/include/hw/i386/pc.h
+++ b/include/hw/i386/pc.h
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ struct PCMachineState {
     PCIBus *bus;
     I2CBus *smbus;
     PFlashCFI01 *flash[2];
+    ISADevice *pcspk;
 
     /* Configuration options: */
     uint64_t max_ram_below_4g;
@@ -160,11 +161,10 @@ void pc_memory_init(PCMachineState *pcms,
                     MemoryRegion **ram_memory);
 uint64_t pc_pci_hole64_start(void);
 DeviceState *pc_vga_init(ISABus *isa_bus, PCIBus *pci_bus);
-void pc_basic_device_init(ISABus *isa_bus, qemu_irq *gsi,
+void pc_basic_device_init(struct PCMachineState *pcms,
+                          ISABus *isa_bus, qemu_irq *gsi,
                           ISADevice **rtc_state,
                           bool create_fdctrl,
-                          bool no_vmport,
-                          bool has_pit,
                           uint32_t hpet_irqs);
 void pc_init_ne2k_isa(ISABus *bus, NICInfo *nd);
 void pc_cmos_init(PCMachineState *pcms,
diff --git a/qdev-monitor.c b/qdev-monitor.c
index 22da107484..e3083fae39 100644
--- a/qdev-monitor.c
+++ b/qdev-monitor.c
@@ -53,7 +53,9 @@ typedef struct QDevAlias
 
 /* Please keep this table sorted by typename. */
 static const QDevAlias qdev_alias_table[] = {
+    { "AC97", "ac97" }, /* -soundhw name */
     { "e1000", "e1000-82540em" },
+    { "ES1370", "es1370" }, /* -soundhw name */
     { "ich9-ahci", "ahci" },
     { "lsi53c895a", "lsi" },
     { "virtio-9p-ccw", "virtio-9p", QEMU_ARCH_S390X },
diff --git a/softmmu/vl.c b/softmmu/vl.c
index 9da2e23144..ecbc18ba75 100644
--- a/softmmu/vl.c
+++ b/softmmu/vl.c
@@ -4121,12 +4121,17 @@ void qemu_init(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
                       fsdev_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
 #endif
 
+    /* spice needs the timers to be initialized by this point */
+    /* spice must initialize before audio as it changes the default auiodev */
+    qemu_spice_init();
+
     /*
-     * Note: we need to create block backends before
+     * Note: we need to create audio and block backends before
      * machine_set_property(), so machine properties can refer to
      * them.
      */
     configure_blockdev(&bdo_queue, machine_class, snapshot);
+    audio_init_audiodevs();
 
     machine_opts = qemu_get_machine_opts();
     qemu_opt_foreach(machine_opts, machine_set_property, current_machine,
@@ -4220,9 +4225,6 @@ void qemu_init(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
         semihosting_arg_fallback(kernel_filename, kernel_cmdline);
     }
 
-    /* spice needs the timers to be initialized by this point */
-    qemu_spice_init();
-
     cpu_ticks_init();
 
     if (default_net) {
@@ -4332,8 +4334,6 @@ void qemu_init(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
         create_default_memdev(current_machine, mem_path);
     }
 
-    audio_init_audiodevs();
-
     /* from here on runstate is RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH */
     machine_run_board_init(current_machine);
 
diff --git a/stubs/Makefile.objs b/stubs/Makefile.objs
index f32b9e47a3..918e46bdc1 100644
--- a/stubs/Makefile.objs
+++ b/stubs/Makefile.objs
@@ -8,10 +8,12 @@ stub-obj-y += fdset.o
 stub-obj-y += gdbstub.o
 stub-obj-y += iothread-lock.o
 stub-obj-y += is-daemonized.o
+stub-obj-y += isa-bus.o
 stub-obj-$(CONFIG_LINUX_AIO) += linux-aio.o
 stub-obj-$(CONFIG_LINUX_IO_URING) += io_uring.o
 stub-obj-y += monitor-core.o
 stub-obj-y += notify-event.o
+stub-obj-y += pci-bus.o
 stub-obj-y += qmp_memory_device.o
 stub-obj-y += qtest.o
 stub-obj-y += ramfb.o
diff --git a/stubs/isa-bus.c b/stubs/isa-bus.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..522f448997
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stubs/isa-bus.c
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "hw/isa/isa.h"
+
+ISADevice *isa_create_simple(ISABus *bus, const char *name)
+{
+    g_assert_not_reached();
+}
diff --git a/stubs/pci-bus.c b/stubs/pci-bus.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a8932fa932
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stubs/pci-bus.c
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "hw/pci/pci.h"
+
+PCIDevice *pci_create_simple(PCIBus *bus, int devfn, const char *name)
+{
+    g_assert_not_reached();
+}