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-rw-r--r--hw/arm/aspeed.c4
-rw-r--r--hw/arm/boot.c2
-rw-r--r--hw/arm/mps2-tz.c4
-rw-r--r--hw/arm/virt.c5
-rw-r--r--hw/block/pflash_cfi01.c8
-rw-r--r--hw/block/pflash_cfi02.c5
-rw-r--r--hw/block/vhost-user-blk.c4
-rw-r--r--hw/block/virtio-blk.c39
-rw-r--r--hw/core/numa.c26
-rw-r--r--hw/core/reset.c17
-rw-r--r--hw/core/resettable.c3
-rw-r--r--hw/hppa/machine.c4
-rw-r--r--hw/hyperv/hyperv.c2
-rw-r--r--hw/i386/microvm.c4
-rw-r--r--hw/i386/pc.c6
-rw-r--r--hw/i386/x86.c2
-rw-r--r--hw/m68k/q800.c33
-rw-r--r--hw/m68k/virt.c20
-rw-r--r--hw/mem/nvdimm.c2
-rw-r--r--hw/mips/boston.c3
-rw-r--r--hw/mips/malta.c27
-rw-r--r--hw/net/e1000_regs.h1
-rw-r--r--hw/net/virtio-net.c59
-rw-r--r--hw/net/xen_nic.c5
-rw-r--r--hw/openrisc/boot.c3
-rw-r--r--hw/ppc/Kconfig1
-rw-r--r--hw/ppc/e500.c79
-rw-r--r--hw/ppc/meson.build3
-rw-r--r--hw/ppc/pegasos2.c4
-rw-r--r--hw/ppc/pnv.c4
-rw-r--r--hw/ppc/pnv_core.c1
-rw-r--r--hw/ppc/ppc.c17
-rw-r--r--hw/ppc/ppc440_uc.c332
-rw-r--r--hw/ppc/ppc4xx_devs.c414
-rw-r--r--hw/ppc/ppc4xx_sdram.c757
-rw-r--r--hw/ppc/spapr.c4
-rw-r--r--hw/ppc/spapr_hcall.c6
-rw-r--r--hw/ppc/spapr_rtas.c2
-rw-r--r--hw/ppc/trace-events3
-rw-r--r--hw/riscv/boot.c3
-rw-r--r--hw/rx/rx-gdbsim.c3
-rw-r--r--hw/s390x/pv.c2
-rw-r--r--hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c4
-rw-r--r--hw/s390x/tod-kvm.c9
-rw-r--r--hw/sd/sdhci-internal.h20
-rw-r--r--hw/sd/sdhci.c63
-rw-r--r--hw/timer/imx_epit.c9
-rw-r--r--hw/virtio/vhost-shadow-virtqueue.c39
-rw-r--r--hw/virtio/virtio-mem.c2
49 files changed, 1169 insertions, 900 deletions
diff --git a/hw/arm/aspeed.c b/hw/arm/aspeed.c
index f8bc6d4a14..55f114ef72 100644
--- a/hw/arm/aspeed.c
+++ b/hw/arm/aspeed.c
@@ -1356,12 +1356,12 @@ static void aspeed_machine_bletchley_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
         aspeed_soc_num_cpus(amc->soc_name);
 }
 
-static void fby35_reset(MachineState *state)
+static void fby35_reset(MachineState *state, ShutdownCause reason)
 {
     AspeedMachineState *bmc = ASPEED_MACHINE(state);
     AspeedGPIOState *gpio = &bmc->soc.gpio;
 
-    qemu_devices_reset();
+    qemu_devices_reset(reason);
 
     /* Board ID: 7 (Class-1, 4 slots) */
     object_property_set_bool(OBJECT(gpio), "gpioV4", true, &error_fatal);
diff --git a/hw/arm/boot.c b/hw/arm/boot.c
index b0b92af188..b106f31468 100644
--- a/hw/arm/boot.c
+++ b/hw/arm/boot.c
@@ -683,6 +683,8 @@ int arm_load_dtb(hwaddr addr, const struct arm_boot_info *binfo,
      * the DTB is copied again upon reset, even if addr points into RAM.
      */
     rom_add_blob_fixed_as("dtb", fdt, size, addr, as);
+    qemu_register_reset_nosnapshotload(qemu_fdt_randomize_seeds,
+                                       rom_ptr_for_as(as, addr, size));
 
     g_free(fdt);
 
diff --git a/hw/arm/mps2-tz.c b/hw/arm/mps2-tz.c
index 394192b9b2..284c09c91d 100644
--- a/hw/arm/mps2-tz.c
+++ b/hw/arm/mps2-tz.c
@@ -1239,7 +1239,7 @@ static void mps2_set_remap(Object *obj, const char *value, Error **errp)
     }
 }
 
-static void mps2_machine_reset(MachineState *machine)
+static void mps2_machine_reset(MachineState *machine, ShutdownCause reason)
 {
     MPS2TZMachineState *mms = MPS2TZ_MACHINE(machine);
 
@@ -1249,7 +1249,7 @@ static void mps2_machine_reset(MachineState *machine)
      * reset see the correct mapping.
      */
     remap_memory(mms, mms->remap);
-    qemu_devices_reset();
+    qemu_devices_reset(reason);
 }
 
 static void mps2tz_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
diff --git a/hw/arm/virt.c b/hw/arm/virt.c
index cda9defe8f..b871350856 100644
--- a/hw/arm/virt.c
+++ b/hw/arm/virt.c
@@ -1371,14 +1371,15 @@ static void create_smmu(const VirtMachineState *vms,
 
 static void create_virtio_iommu_dt_bindings(VirtMachineState *vms)
 {
-    const char compat[] = "virtio,pci-iommu";
+    const char compat[] = "virtio,pci-iommu\0pci1af4,1057";
     uint16_t bdf = vms->virtio_iommu_bdf;
     MachineState *ms = MACHINE(vms);
     char *node;
 
     vms->iommu_phandle = qemu_fdt_alloc_phandle(ms->fdt);
 
-    node = g_strdup_printf("%s/virtio_iommu@%d", vms->pciehb_nodename, bdf);
+    node = g_strdup_printf("%s/virtio_iommu@%x,%x", vms->pciehb_nodename,
+                           PCI_SLOT(bdf), PCI_FUNC(bdf));
     qemu_fdt_add_subnode(ms->fdt, node);
     qemu_fdt_setprop(ms->fdt, node, "compatible", compat, sizeof(compat));
     qemu_fdt_setprop_sized_cells(ms->fdt, node, "reg",
diff --git a/hw/block/pflash_cfi01.c b/hw/block/pflash_cfi01.c
index 0cbc2fb4cb..9c235bf66e 100644
--- a/hw/block/pflash_cfi01.c
+++ b/hw/block/pflash_cfi01.c
@@ -690,7 +690,7 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps pflash_cfi01_ops = {
     .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
 };
 
-static void pflash_cfi01_fill_cfi_table(PFlashCFI01 *pfl)
+static void pflash_cfi01_fill_cfi_table(PFlashCFI01 *pfl, Error **errp)
 {
     uint64_t blocks_per_device, sector_len_per_device, device_len;
     int num_devices;
@@ -708,6 +708,10 @@ static void pflash_cfi01_fill_cfi_table(PFlashCFI01 *pfl)
         sector_len_per_device = pfl->sector_len / num_devices;
     }
     device_len = sector_len_per_device * blocks_per_device;
+    if (!is_power_of_2(device_len)) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Device size must be a power of two.");
+        return;
+    }
 
     /* Hardcoded CFI table */
     /* Standard "QRY" string */
@@ -865,7 +869,7 @@ static void pflash_cfi01_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
      */
     pfl->cmd = 0x00;
     pfl->status = 0x80; /* WSM ready */
-    pflash_cfi01_fill_cfi_table(pfl);
+    pflash_cfi01_fill_cfi_table(pfl, errp);
 }
 
 static void pflash_cfi01_system_reset(DeviceState *dev)
diff --git a/hw/block/pflash_cfi02.c b/hw/block/pflash_cfi02.c
index 2a99b286b0..ff2fe154c1 100644
--- a/hw/block/pflash_cfi02.c
+++ b/hw/block/pflash_cfi02.c
@@ -880,6 +880,11 @@ static void pflash_cfi02_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
         return;
     }
 
+    if (!is_power_of_2(pfl->chip_len)) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Device size must be a power of two.");
+        return;
+    }
+
     memory_region_init_rom_device(&pfl->orig_mem, OBJECT(pfl),
                                   &pflash_cfi02_ops, pfl, pfl->name,
                                   pfl->chip_len, errp);
diff --git a/hw/block/vhost-user-blk.c b/hw/block/vhost-user-blk.c
index 84902dde17..13bf5cc47a 100644
--- a/hw/block/vhost-user-blk.c
+++ b/hw/block/vhost-user-blk.c
@@ -97,6 +97,10 @@ static int vhost_user_blk_handle_config_change(struct vhost_dev *dev)
     VHostUserBlk *s = VHOST_USER_BLK(dev->vdev);
     Error *local_err = NULL;
 
+    if (!dev->started) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
     ret = vhost_dev_get_config(dev, (uint8_t *)&blkcfg,
                                vdev->config_len, &local_err);
     if (ret < 0) {
diff --git a/hw/block/virtio-blk.c b/hw/block/virtio-blk.c
index 8131ec2dbc..f717550fdc 100644
--- a/hw/block/virtio-blk.c
+++ b/hw/block/virtio-blk.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "hw/block/block.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
 #include "sysemu/blockdev.h"
+#include "sysemu/block-ram-registrar.h"
 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
 #include "sysemu/runstate.h"
 #include "hw/virtio/virtio-blk.h"
@@ -362,12 +363,14 @@ static void virtio_blk_handle_scsi(VirtIOBlockReq *req)
     }
 }
 
-static inline void submit_requests(BlockBackend *blk, MultiReqBuffer *mrb,
+static inline void submit_requests(VirtIOBlock *s, MultiReqBuffer *mrb,
                                    int start, int num_reqs, int niov)
 {
+    BlockBackend *blk = s->blk;
     QEMUIOVector *qiov = &mrb->reqs[start]->qiov;
     int64_t sector_num = mrb->reqs[start]->sector_num;
     bool is_write = mrb->is_write;
+    BdrvRequestFlags flags = 0;
 
     if (num_reqs > 1) {
         int i;
@@ -398,12 +401,18 @@ static inline void submit_requests(BlockBackend *blk, MultiReqBuffer *mrb,
                               num_reqs - 1);
     }
 
+    if (blk_ram_registrar_ok(&s->blk_ram_registrar)) {
+        flags |= BDRV_REQ_REGISTERED_BUF;
+    }
+
     if (is_write) {
-        blk_aio_pwritev(blk, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, qiov, 0,
-                        virtio_blk_rw_complete, mrb->reqs[start]);
+        blk_aio_pwritev(blk, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, qiov,
+                        flags, virtio_blk_rw_complete,
+                        mrb->reqs[start]);
     } else {
-        blk_aio_preadv(blk, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, qiov, 0,
-                       virtio_blk_rw_complete, mrb->reqs[start]);
+        blk_aio_preadv(blk, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, qiov,
+                       flags, virtio_blk_rw_complete,
+                       mrb->reqs[start]);
     }
 }
 
@@ -425,14 +434,14 @@ static int multireq_compare(const void *a, const void *b)
     }
 }
 
-static void virtio_blk_submit_multireq(BlockBackend *blk, MultiReqBuffer *mrb)
+static void virtio_blk_submit_multireq(VirtIOBlock *s, MultiReqBuffer *mrb)
 {
     int i = 0, start = 0, num_reqs = 0, niov = 0, nb_sectors = 0;
     uint32_t max_transfer;
     int64_t sector_num = 0;
 
     if (mrb->num_reqs == 1) {
-        submit_requests(blk, mrb, 0, 1, -1);
+        submit_requests(s, mrb, 0, 1, -1);
         mrb->num_reqs = 0;
         return;
     }
@@ -452,11 +461,11 @@ static void virtio_blk_submit_multireq(BlockBackend *blk, MultiReqBuffer *mrb)
              * 3. merge would exceed maximum transfer length of backend device
              */
             if (sector_num + nb_sectors != req->sector_num ||
-                niov > blk_get_max_iov(blk) - req->qiov.niov ||
+                niov > blk_get_max_iov(s->blk) - req->qiov.niov ||
                 req->qiov.size > max_transfer ||
                 nb_sectors > (max_transfer -
                               req->qiov.size) / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) {
-                submit_requests(blk, mrb, start, num_reqs, niov);
+                submit_requests(s, mrb, start, num_reqs, niov);
                 num_reqs = 0;
             }
         }
@@ -472,7 +481,7 @@ static void virtio_blk_submit_multireq(BlockBackend *blk, MultiReqBuffer *mrb)
         num_reqs++;
     }
 
-    submit_requests(blk, mrb, start, num_reqs, niov);
+    submit_requests(s, mrb, start, num_reqs, niov);
     mrb->num_reqs = 0;
 }
 
@@ -487,7 +496,7 @@ static void virtio_blk_handle_flush(VirtIOBlockReq *req, MultiReqBuffer *mrb)
      * Make sure all outstanding writes are posted to the backing device.
      */
     if (mrb->is_write && mrb->num_reqs > 0) {
-        virtio_blk_submit_multireq(s->blk, mrb);
+        virtio_blk_submit_multireq(s, mrb);
     }
     blk_aio_flush(s->blk, virtio_blk_flush_complete, req);
 }
@@ -667,7 +676,7 @@ static int virtio_blk_handle_request(VirtIOBlockReq *req, MultiReqBuffer *mrb)
         if (mrb->num_reqs > 0 && (mrb->num_reqs == VIRTIO_BLK_MAX_MERGE_REQS ||
                                   is_write != mrb->is_write ||
                                   !s->conf.request_merging)) {
-            virtio_blk_submit_multireq(s->blk, mrb);
+            virtio_blk_submit_multireq(s, mrb);
         }
 
         assert(mrb->num_reqs < VIRTIO_BLK_MAX_MERGE_REQS);
@@ -774,7 +783,7 @@ void virtio_blk_handle_vq(VirtIOBlock *s, VirtQueue *vq)
     } while (!virtio_queue_empty(vq));
 
     if (mrb.num_reqs) {
-        virtio_blk_submit_multireq(s->blk, &mrb);
+        virtio_blk_submit_multireq(s, &mrb);
     }
 
     blk_io_unplug(s->blk);
@@ -823,7 +832,7 @@ void virtio_blk_process_queued_requests(VirtIOBlock *s, bool is_bh)
     }
 
     if (mrb.num_reqs) {
-        virtio_blk_submit_multireq(s->blk, &mrb);
+        virtio_blk_submit_multireq(s, &mrb);
     }
     if (is_bh) {
         blk_dec_in_flight(s->conf.conf.blk);
@@ -1205,6 +1214,7 @@ static void virtio_blk_device_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     }
 
     s->change = qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler(virtio_blk_dma_restart_cb, s);
+    blk_ram_registrar_init(&s->blk_ram_registrar, s->blk);
     blk_set_dev_ops(s->blk, &virtio_block_ops, s);
 
     blk_iostatus_enable(s->blk);
@@ -1230,6 +1240,7 @@ static void virtio_blk_device_unrealize(DeviceState *dev)
         virtio_del_queue(vdev, i);
     }
     qemu_coroutine_dec_pool_size(conf->num_queues * conf->queue_size / 2);
+    blk_ram_registrar_destroy(&s->blk_ram_registrar);
     qemu_del_vm_change_state_handler(s->change);
     blockdev_mark_auto_del(s->blk);
     virtio_cleanup(vdev);
diff --git a/hw/core/numa.c b/hw/core/numa.c
index 26d8e5f616..ea24a5fa8c 100644
--- a/hw/core/numa.c
+++ b/hw/core/numa.c
@@ -822,6 +822,19 @@ static int ram_block_notify_add_single(RAMBlock *rb, void *opaque)
     return 0;
 }
 
+static int ram_block_notify_remove_single(RAMBlock *rb, void *opaque)
+{
+    const ram_addr_t max_size = qemu_ram_get_max_length(rb);
+    const ram_addr_t size = qemu_ram_get_used_length(rb);
+    void *host = qemu_ram_get_host_addr(rb);
+    RAMBlockNotifier *notifier = opaque;
+
+    if (host) {
+        notifier->ram_block_removed(notifier, host, size, max_size);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
 void ram_block_notifier_add(RAMBlockNotifier *n)
 {
     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&ram_list.ramblock_notifiers, n, next);
@@ -835,13 +848,18 @@ void ram_block_notifier_add(RAMBlockNotifier *n)
 void ram_block_notifier_remove(RAMBlockNotifier *n)
 {
     QLIST_REMOVE(n, next);
+
+    if (n->ram_block_removed) {
+        qemu_ram_foreach_block(ram_block_notify_remove_single, n);
+    }
 }
 
 void ram_block_notify_add(void *host, size_t size, size_t max_size)
 {
     RAMBlockNotifier *notifier;
+    RAMBlockNotifier *next;
 
-    QLIST_FOREACH(notifier, &ram_list.ramblock_notifiers, next) {
+    QLIST_FOREACH_SAFE(notifier, &ram_list.ramblock_notifiers, next, next) {
         if (notifier->ram_block_added) {
             notifier->ram_block_added(notifier, host, size, max_size);
         }
@@ -851,8 +869,9 @@ void ram_block_notify_add(void *host, size_t size, size_t max_size)
 void ram_block_notify_remove(void *host, size_t size, size_t max_size)
 {
     RAMBlockNotifier *notifier;
+    RAMBlockNotifier *next;
 
-    QLIST_FOREACH(notifier, &ram_list.ramblock_notifiers, next) {
+    QLIST_FOREACH_SAFE(notifier, &ram_list.ramblock_notifiers, next, next) {
         if (notifier->ram_block_removed) {
             notifier->ram_block_removed(notifier, host, size, max_size);
         }
@@ -862,8 +881,9 @@ void ram_block_notify_remove(void *host, size_t size, size_t max_size)
 void ram_block_notify_resize(void *host, size_t old_size, size_t new_size)
 {
     RAMBlockNotifier *notifier;
+    RAMBlockNotifier *next;
 
-    QLIST_FOREACH(notifier, &ram_list.ramblock_notifiers, next) {
+    QLIST_FOREACH_SAFE(notifier, &ram_list.ramblock_notifiers, next, next) {
         if (notifier->ram_block_resized) {
             notifier->ram_block_resized(notifier, host, old_size, new_size);
         }
diff --git a/hw/core/reset.c b/hw/core/reset.c
index 36be82c491..d3263b613e 100644
--- a/hw/core/reset.c
+++ b/hw/core/reset.c
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ typedef struct QEMUResetEntry {
     QTAILQ_ENTRY(QEMUResetEntry) entry;
     QEMUResetHandler *func;
     void *opaque;
+    bool skip_on_snapshot_load;
 } QEMUResetEntry;
 
 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, QEMUResetEntry) reset_handlers =
@@ -47,6 +48,16 @@ void qemu_register_reset(QEMUResetHandler *func, void *opaque)
     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&reset_handlers, re, entry);
 }
 
+void qemu_register_reset_nosnapshotload(QEMUResetHandler *func, void *opaque)
+{
+    QEMUResetEntry *re = g_new0(QEMUResetEntry, 1);
+
+    re->func = func;
+    re->opaque = opaque;
+    re->skip_on_snapshot_load = true;
+    QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&reset_handlers, re, entry);
+}
+
 void qemu_unregister_reset(QEMUResetHandler *func, void *opaque)
 {
     QEMUResetEntry *re;
@@ -60,12 +71,16 @@ void qemu_unregister_reset(QEMUResetHandler *func, void *opaque)
     }
 }
 
-void qemu_devices_reset(void)
+void qemu_devices_reset(ShutdownCause reason)
 {
     QEMUResetEntry *re, *nre;
 
     /* reset all devices */
     QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(re, &reset_handlers, entry, nre) {
+        if (reason == SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_SNAPSHOT_LOAD &&
+            re->skip_on_snapshot_load) {
+            continue;
+        }
         re->func(re->opaque);
     }
 }
diff --git a/hw/core/resettable.c b/hw/core/resettable.c
index 96a99ce39e..c3df75c6ba 100644
--- a/hw/core/resettable.c
+++ b/hw/core/resettable.c
@@ -201,12 +201,11 @@ static void resettable_phase_exit(Object *obj, void *opaque, ResetType type)
     resettable_child_foreach(rc, obj, resettable_phase_exit, NULL, type);
 
     assert(s->count > 0);
-    if (s->count == 1) {
+    if (--s->count == 0) {
         trace_resettable_phase_exit_exec(obj, obj_typename, !!rc->phases.exit);
         if (rc->phases.exit && !resettable_get_tr_func(rc, obj)) {
             rc->phases.exit(obj);
         }
-        s->count = 0;
     }
     s->exit_phase_in_progress = false;
     trace_resettable_phase_exit_end(obj, obj_typename, s->count);
diff --git a/hw/hppa/machine.c b/hw/hppa/machine.c
index e53d5f0fa7..19ea7c2c66 100644
--- a/hw/hppa/machine.c
+++ b/hw/hppa/machine.c
@@ -411,12 +411,12 @@ static void machine_hppa_init(MachineState *machine)
     cpu[0]->env.gr[19] = FW_CFG_IO_BASE;
 }
 
-static void hppa_machine_reset(MachineState *ms)
+static void hppa_machine_reset(MachineState *ms, ShutdownCause reason)
 {
     unsigned int smp_cpus = ms->smp.cpus;
     int i;
 
-    qemu_devices_reset();
+    qemu_devices_reset(reason);
 
     /* Start all CPUs at the firmware entry point.
      *  Monarch CPU will initialize firmware, secondary CPUs
diff --git a/hw/hyperv/hyperv.c b/hw/hyperv/hyperv.c
index 4a1b59cb9d..57b402b956 100644
--- a/hw/hyperv/hyperv.c
+++ b/hw/hyperv/hyperv.c
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ void hyperv_synic_reset(CPUState *cs)
     SynICState *synic = get_synic(cs);
 
     if (synic) {
-        device_legacy_reset(DEVICE(synic));
+        device_cold_reset(DEVICE(synic));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/hw/i386/microvm.c b/hw/i386/microvm.c
index 52f9aa9d8c..ffd1884100 100644
--- a/hw/i386/microvm.c
+++ b/hw/i386/microvm.c
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ static void microvm_machine_state_init(MachineState *machine)
     microvm_devices_init(mms);
 }
 
-static void microvm_machine_reset(MachineState *machine)
+static void microvm_machine_reset(MachineState *machine, ShutdownCause reason)
 {
     MicrovmMachineState *mms = MICROVM_MACHINE(machine);
     CPUState *cs;
@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ static void microvm_machine_reset(MachineState *machine)
         mms->kernel_cmdline_fixed = true;
     }
 
-    qemu_devices_reset();
+    qemu_devices_reset(reason);
 
     CPU_FOREACH(cs) {
         cpu = X86_CPU(cs);
diff --git a/hw/i386/pc.c b/hw/i386/pc.c
index 768982ae9a..3e86083db3 100644
--- a/hw/i386/pc.c
+++ b/hw/i386/pc.c
@@ -1847,12 +1847,12 @@ static void pc_machine_initfn(Object *obj)
     cxl_machine_init(obj, &pcms->cxl_devices_state);
 }
 
-static void pc_machine_reset(MachineState *machine)
+static void pc_machine_reset(MachineState *machine, ShutdownCause reason)
 {
     CPUState *cs;
     X86CPU *cpu;
 
-    qemu_devices_reset();
+    qemu_devices_reset(reason);
 
     /* Reset APIC after devices have been reset to cancel
      * any changes that qemu_devices_reset() might have done.
@@ -1867,7 +1867,7 @@ static void pc_machine_reset(MachineState *machine)
 static void pc_machine_wakeup(MachineState *machine)
 {
     cpu_synchronize_all_states();
-    pc_machine_reset(machine);
+    pc_machine_reset(machine, SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_NONE);
     cpu_synchronize_all_post_reset();
 }
 
diff --git a/hw/i386/x86.c b/hw/i386/x86.c
index 1148f70c03..bd50a064a3 100644
--- a/hw/i386/x86.c
+++ b/hw/i386/x86.c
@@ -1111,7 +1111,7 @@ void x86_load_linux(X86MachineState *x86ms,
         setup_data->type = cpu_to_le32(SETUP_RNG_SEED);
         setup_data->len = cpu_to_le32(RNG_SEED_LENGTH);
         qemu_guest_getrandom_nofail(setup_data->data, RNG_SEED_LENGTH);
-        qemu_register_reset(reset_rng_seed, setup_data);
+        qemu_register_reset_nosnapshotload(reset_rng_seed, setup_data);
         fw_cfg_add_bytes_callback(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_KERNEL_DATA, reset_rng_seed, NULL,
                                   setup_data, kernel, kernel_size, true);
     } else {
diff --git a/hw/m68k/q800.c b/hw/m68k/q800.c
index e09e244ddc..9d52ca6613 100644
--- a/hw/m68k/q800.c
+++ b/hw/m68k/q800.c
@@ -321,27 +321,23 @@ static const TypeInfo glue_info = {
     },
 };
 
-typedef struct {
-    M68kCPU *cpu;
-    struct bi_record *rng_seed;
-} ResetInfo;
-
 static void main_cpu_reset(void *opaque)
 {
-    ResetInfo *reset_info = opaque;
-    M68kCPU *cpu = reset_info->cpu;
+    M68kCPU *cpu = opaque;
     CPUState *cs = CPU(cpu);
 
-    if (reset_info->rng_seed) {
-        qemu_guest_getrandom_nofail((void *)reset_info->rng_seed->data + 2,
-            be16_to_cpu(*(uint16_t *)reset_info->rng_seed->data));
-    }
-
     cpu_reset(cs);
     cpu->env.aregs[7] = ldl_phys(cs->as, 0);
     cpu->env.pc = ldl_phys(cs->as, 4);
 }
 
+static void rerandomize_rng_seed(void *opaque)
+{
+    struct bi_record *rng_seed = opaque;
+    qemu_guest_getrandom_nofail((void *)rng_seed->data + 2,
+                                be16_to_cpu(*(uint16_t *)rng_seed->data));
+}
+
 static uint8_t fake_mac_rom[] = {
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
 
@@ -397,7 +393,6 @@ static void q800_init(MachineState *machine)
     NubusBus *nubus;
     DeviceState *glue;
     DriveInfo *dinfo;
-    ResetInfo *reset_info;
     uint8_t rng_seed[32];
 
     linux_boot = (kernel_filename != NULL);
@@ -408,12 +403,9 @@ static void q800_init(MachineState *machine)
         exit(1);
     }
 
-    reset_info = g_new0(ResetInfo, 1);
-
     /* init CPUs */
     cpu = M68K_CPU(cpu_create(machine->cpu_type));
-    reset_info->cpu = cpu;
-    qemu_register_reset(main_cpu_reset, reset_info);
+    qemu_register_reset(main_cpu_reset, cpu);
 
     /* RAM */
     memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(), 0, machine->ram);
@@ -687,9 +679,10 @@ static void q800_init(MachineState *machine)
         BOOTINFO0(param_ptr, BI_LAST);
         rom_add_blob_fixed_as("bootinfo", param_blob, param_ptr - param_blob,
                               parameters_base, cs->as);
-        reset_info->rng_seed = rom_ptr_for_as(cs->as, parameters_base,
-                                              param_ptr - param_blob) +
-                               (param_rng_seed - param_blob);
+        qemu_register_reset_nosnapshotload(rerandomize_rng_seed,
+                            rom_ptr_for_as(cs->as, parameters_base,
+                                           param_ptr - param_blob) +
+                            (param_rng_seed - param_blob));
         g_free(param_blob);
     } else {
         uint8_t *ptr;
diff --git a/hw/m68k/virt.c b/hw/m68k/virt.c
index 89c4108eb5..da5eafd275 100644
--- a/hw/m68k/virt.c
+++ b/hw/m68k/virt.c
@@ -89,7 +89,6 @@ typedef struct {
     M68kCPU *cpu;
     hwaddr initial_pc;
     hwaddr initial_stack;
-    struct bi_record *rng_seed;
 } ResetInfo;
 
 static void main_cpu_reset(void *opaque)
@@ -98,16 +97,18 @@ static void main_cpu_reset(void *opaque)
     M68kCPU *cpu = reset_info->cpu;
     CPUState *cs = CPU(cpu);
 
-    if (reset_info->rng_seed) {
-        qemu_guest_getrandom_nofail((void *)reset_info->rng_seed->data + 2,
-            be16_to_cpu(*(uint16_t *)reset_info->rng_seed->data));
-    }
-
     cpu_reset(cs);
     cpu->env.aregs[7] = reset_info->initial_stack;
     cpu->env.pc = reset_info->initial_pc;
 }
 
+static void rerandomize_rng_seed(void *opaque)
+{
+    struct bi_record *rng_seed = opaque;
+    qemu_guest_getrandom_nofail((void *)rng_seed->data + 2,
+                                be16_to_cpu(*(uint16_t *)rng_seed->data));
+}
+
 static void virt_init(MachineState *machine)
 {
     M68kCPU *cpu = NULL;
@@ -289,9 +290,10 @@ static void virt_init(MachineState *machine)
         BOOTINFO0(param_ptr, BI_LAST);
         rom_add_blob_fixed_as("bootinfo", param_blob, param_ptr - param_blob,
                               parameters_base, cs->as);
-        reset_info->rng_seed = rom_ptr_for_as(cs->as, parameters_base,
-                                              param_ptr - param_blob) +
-                               (param_rng_seed - param_blob);
+        qemu_register_reset_nosnapshotload(rerandomize_rng_seed,
+                            rom_ptr_for_as(cs->as, parameters_base,
+                                           param_ptr - param_blob) +
+                            (param_rng_seed - param_blob));
         g_free(param_blob);
     }
 }
diff --git a/hw/mem/nvdimm.c b/hw/mem/nvdimm.c
index 7c7d777781..31080c22c9 100644
--- a/hw/mem/nvdimm.c
+++ b/hw/mem/nvdimm.c
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ static void nvdimm_prepare_memory_region(NVDIMMDevice *nvdimm, Error **errp)
     if (!nvdimm->unarmed && memory_region_is_rom(mr)) {
         HostMemoryBackend *hostmem = dimm->hostmem;
 
-        error_setg(errp, "'unarmed' property must be off since memdev %s "
+        error_setg(errp, "'unarmed' property must be 'on' since memdev %s "
                    "is read-only",
                    object_get_canonical_path_component(OBJECT(hostmem)));
         return;
diff --git a/hw/mips/boston.c b/hw/mips/boston.c
index d2ab9da1a0..cab63f43bf 100644
--- a/hw/mips/boston.c
+++ b/hw/mips/boston.c
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
 #include "sysemu/qtest.h"
 #include "sysemu/runstate.h"
+#include "sysemu/reset.h"
 
 #include <libfdt.h>
 #include "qom/object.h"
@@ -810,6 +811,8 @@ static void boston_mach_init(MachineState *machine)
             /* Calculate real fdt size after filter */
             dt_size = fdt_totalsize(dtb_load_data);
             rom_add_blob_fixed("dtb", dtb_load_data, dt_size, dtb_paddr);
+            qemu_register_reset_nosnapshotload(qemu_fdt_randomize_seeds,
+                                rom_ptr(dtb_paddr, dt_size));
         } else {
             /* Try to load file as FIT */
             fit_err = load_fit(&boston_fit_loader, machine->kernel_filename, s);
diff --git a/hw/mips/malta.c b/hw/mips/malta.c
index 0e932988e0..7c3ad0974b 100644
--- a/hw/mips/malta.c
+++ b/hw/mips/malta.c
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "qemu/units.h"
 #include "qemu/bitops.h"
 #include "qemu/datadir.h"
+#include "qemu/guest-random.h"
 #include "hw/clock.h"
 #include "hw/southbridge/piix.h"
 #include "hw/isa/superio.h"
@@ -1017,6 +1018,17 @@ static void G_GNUC_PRINTF(3, 4) prom_set(uint32_t *prom_buf, int index,
     va_end(ap);
 }
 
+static void reinitialize_rng_seed(void *opaque)
+{
+    char *rng_seed_hex = opaque;
+    uint8_t rng_seed[32];
+
+    qemu_guest_getrandom_nofail(rng_seed, sizeof(rng_seed));
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(rng_seed); ++i) {
+        sprintf(rng_seed_hex + i * 2, "%02x", rng_seed[i]);
+    }
+}
+
 /* Kernel */
 static uint64_t load_kernel(void)
 {
@@ -1028,6 +1040,9 @@ static uint64_t load_kernel(void)
     long prom_size;
     int prom_index = 0;
     uint64_t (*xlate_to_kseg0) (void *opaque, uint64_t addr);
+    uint8_t rng_seed[32];
+    char rng_seed_hex[sizeof(rng_seed) * 2 + 1];
+    size_t rng_seed_prom_offset;
 
 #if TARGET_BIG_ENDIAN
     big_endian = 1;
@@ -1115,9 +1130,21 @@ static uint64_t load_kernel(void)
 
     prom_set(prom_buf, prom_index++, "modetty0");
     prom_set(prom_buf, prom_index++, "38400n8r");
+
+    qemu_guest_getrandom_nofail(rng_seed, sizeof(rng_seed));
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(rng_seed); ++i) {
+        sprintf(rng_seed_hex + i * 2, "%02x", rng_seed[i]);
+    }
+    prom_set(prom_buf, prom_index++, "rngseed");
+    rng_seed_prom_offset = prom_index * ENVP_ENTRY_SIZE +
+                           sizeof(uint32_t) * ENVP_NB_ENTRIES;
+    prom_set(prom_buf, prom_index++, "%s", rng_seed_hex);
+
     prom_set(prom_buf, prom_index++, NULL);
 
     rom_add_blob_fixed("prom", prom_buf, prom_size, ENVP_PADDR);
+    qemu_register_reset_nosnapshotload(reinitialize_rng_seed,
+            rom_ptr(ENVP_PADDR, prom_size) + rng_seed_prom_offset);
 
     g_free(prom_buf);
     return kernel_entry;
diff --git a/hw/net/e1000_regs.h b/hw/net/e1000_regs.h
index ae99f58bab..9d423f6c09 100644
--- a/hw/net/e1000_regs.h
+++ b/hw/net/e1000_regs.h
@@ -793,6 +793,7 @@
 #define E1000_CTRL_EXT_ASDCHK  0x00001000 /* auto speed detection check */
 #define E1000_CTRL_EXT_EE_RST  0x00002000 /* EEPROM reset */
 #define E1000_CTRL_EXT_LINK_EN 0x00010000 /* enable link status from external LINK_0 and LINK_1 pins */
+#define E1000_CTRL_EXT_DRV_LOAD 0x10000000 /* Driver loaded bit for FW */
 #define E1000_CTRL_EXT_EIAME   0x01000000
 #define E1000_CTRL_EXT_IAME    0x08000000 /* Int ACK Auto-mask */
 #define E1000_CTRL_EXT_PBA_CLR 0x80000000 /* PBA Clear */
diff --git a/hw/net/virtio-net.c b/hw/net/virtio-net.c
index e9f696b4cf..b6903aea54 100644
--- a/hw/net/virtio-net.c
+++ b/hw/net/virtio-net.c
@@ -2526,6 +2526,7 @@ static void virtio_net_tx_complete(NetClientState *nc, ssize_t len)
     VirtIONet *n = qemu_get_nic_opaque(nc);
     VirtIONetQueue *q = virtio_net_get_subqueue(nc);
     VirtIODevice *vdev = VIRTIO_DEVICE(n);
+    int ret;
 
     virtqueue_push(q->tx_vq, q->async_tx.elem, 0);
     virtio_notify(vdev, q->tx_vq);
@@ -2534,7 +2535,22 @@ static void virtio_net_tx_complete(NetClientState *nc, ssize_t len)
     q->async_tx.elem = NULL;
 
     virtio_queue_set_notification(q->tx_vq, 1);
-    virtio_net_flush_tx(q);
+    ret = virtio_net_flush_tx(q);
+    if (ret >= n->tx_burst) {
+        /*
+         * the flush has been stopped by tx_burst
+         * we will not receive notification for the
+         * remainining part, so re-schedule
+         */
+        virtio_queue_set_notification(q->tx_vq, 0);
+        if (q->tx_bh) {
+            qemu_bh_schedule(q->tx_bh);
+        } else {
+            timer_mod(q->tx_timer,
+                      qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL) + n->tx_timeout);
+        }
+        q->tx_waiting = 1;
+    }
 }
 
 /* TX */
@@ -2633,6 +2649,8 @@ drop:
     return num_packets;
 }
 
+static void virtio_net_tx_timer(void *opaque);
+
 static void virtio_net_handle_tx_timer(VirtIODevice *vdev, VirtQueue *vq)
 {
     VirtIONet *n = VIRTIO_NET(vdev);
@@ -2650,15 +2668,13 @@ static void virtio_net_handle_tx_timer(VirtIODevice *vdev, VirtQueue *vq)
     }
 
     if (q->tx_waiting) {
-        virtio_queue_set_notification(vq, 1);
+        /* We already have queued packets, immediately flush */
         timer_del(q->tx_timer);
-        q->tx_waiting = 0;
-        if (virtio_net_flush_tx(q) == -EINVAL) {
-            return;
-        }
+        virtio_net_tx_timer(q);
     } else {
+        /* re-arm timer to flush it (and more) on next tick */
         timer_mod(q->tx_timer,
-                       qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL) + n->tx_timeout);
+                  qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL) + n->tx_timeout);
         q->tx_waiting = 1;
         virtio_queue_set_notification(vq, 0);
     }
@@ -2691,6 +2707,8 @@ static void virtio_net_tx_timer(void *opaque)
     VirtIONetQueue *q = opaque;
     VirtIONet *n = q->n;
     VirtIODevice *vdev = VIRTIO_DEVICE(n);
+    int ret;
+
     /* This happens when device was stopped but BH wasn't. */
     if (!vdev->vm_running) {
         /* Make sure tx waiting is set, so we'll run when restarted. */
@@ -2705,8 +2723,33 @@ static void virtio_net_tx_timer(void *opaque)
         return;
     }
 
+    ret = virtio_net_flush_tx(q);
+    if (ret == -EBUSY || ret == -EINVAL) {
+        return;
+    }
+    /*
+     * If we flush a full burst of packets, assume there are
+     * more coming and immediately rearm
+     */
+    if (ret >= n->tx_burst) {
+        q->tx_waiting = 1;
+        timer_mod(q->tx_timer,
+                  qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL) + n->tx_timeout);
+        return;
+    }
+    /*
+     * If less than a full burst, re-enable notification and flush
+     * anything that may have come in while we weren't looking.  If
+     * we find something, assume the guest is still active and rearm
+     */
     virtio_queue_set_notification(q->tx_vq, 1);
-    virtio_net_flush_tx(q);
+    ret = virtio_net_flush_tx(q);
+    if (ret > 0) {
+        virtio_queue_set_notification(q->tx_vq, 0);
+        q->tx_waiting = 1;
+        timer_mod(q->tx_timer,
+                  qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL) + n->tx_timeout);
+    }
 }
 
 static void virtio_net_tx_bh(void *opaque)
diff --git a/hw/net/xen_nic.c b/hw/net/xen_nic.c
index 5c815b4f0c..7d92c2d022 100644
--- a/hw/net/xen_nic.c
+++ b/hw/net/xen_nic.c
@@ -296,9 +296,8 @@ static int net_init(struct XenLegacyDevice *xendev)
     netdev->nic = qemu_new_nic(&net_xen_info, &netdev->conf,
                                "xen", NULL, netdev);
 
-    snprintf(qemu_get_queue(netdev->nic)->info_str,
-             sizeof(qemu_get_queue(netdev->nic)->info_str),
-             "nic: xenbus vif macaddr=%s", netdev->mac);
+    qemu_set_info_str(qemu_get_queue(netdev->nic),
+                      "nic: xenbus vif macaddr=%s", netdev->mac);
 
     /* fill info */
     xenstore_write_be_int(&netdev->xendev, "feature-rx-copy", 1);
diff --git a/hw/openrisc/boot.c b/hw/openrisc/boot.c
index 128ccbcba2..007e80cd5a 100644
--- a/hw/openrisc/boot.c
+++ b/hw/openrisc/boot.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "hw/openrisc/boot.h"
 #include "sysemu/device_tree.h"
 #include "sysemu/qtest.h"
+#include "sysemu/reset.h"
 
 #include <libfdt.h>
 
@@ -111,6 +112,8 @@ uint32_t openrisc_load_fdt(void *fdt, hwaddr load_start,
 
     rom_add_blob_fixed_as("fdt", fdt, fdtsize, fdt_addr,
                           &address_space_memory);
+    qemu_register_reset_nosnapshotload(qemu_fdt_randomize_seeds,
+                        rom_ptr_for_as(&address_space_memory, fdt_addr, fdtsize));
 
     return fdt_addr;
 }
diff --git a/hw/ppc/Kconfig b/hw/ppc/Kconfig
index 791fe78a50..769a1ead1c 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/Kconfig
+++ b/hw/ppc/Kconfig
@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ config E500
     select ETSEC
     select GPIO_MPC8XXX
     select OPENPIC
+    select PFLASH_CFI01
     select PLATFORM_BUS
     select PPCE500_PCI
     select SERIAL
diff --git a/hw/ppc/e500.c b/hw/ppc/e500.c
index 3e950ea3ba..2fe496677c 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/e500.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/e500.c
@@ -23,8 +23,10 @@
 #include "e500-ccsr.h"
 #include "net/net.h"
 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
+#include "hw/block/flash.h"
 #include "hw/char/serial.h"
 #include "hw/pci/pci.h"
+#include "sysemu/block-backend-io.h"
 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
 #include "sysemu/kvm.h"
 #include "sysemu/reset.h"
@@ -267,6 +269,31 @@ static void sysbus_device_create_devtree(SysBusDevice *sbdev, void *opaque)
     }
 }
 
+static void create_devtree_flash(SysBusDevice *sbdev,
+                                 PlatformDevtreeData *data)
+{
+    g_autofree char *name = NULL;
+    uint64_t num_blocks = object_property_get_uint(OBJECT(sbdev),
+                                                   "num-blocks",
+                                                   &error_fatal);
+    uint64_t sector_length = object_property_get_uint(OBJECT(sbdev),
+                                                      "sector-length",
+                                                      &error_fatal);
+    uint64_t bank_width = object_property_get_uint(OBJECT(sbdev),
+                                                   "width",
+                                                   &error_fatal);
+    hwaddr flashbase = 0;
+    hwaddr flashsize = num_blocks * sector_length;
+    void *fdt = data->fdt;
+
+    name = g_strdup_printf("%s/nor@%" PRIx64, data->node, flashbase);
+    qemu_fdt_add_subnode(fdt, name);
+    qemu_fdt_setprop_string(fdt, name, "compatible", "cfi-flash");
+    qemu_fdt_setprop_sized_cells(fdt, name, "reg",
+                                 1, flashbase, 1, flashsize);
+    qemu_fdt_setprop_cell(fdt, name, "bank-width", bank_width);
+}
+
 static void platform_bus_create_devtree(PPCE500MachineState *pms,
                                         void *fdt, const char *mpic)
 {
@@ -276,6 +303,8 @@ static void platform_bus_create_devtree(PPCE500MachineState *pms,
     uint64_t addr = pmc->platform_bus_base;
     uint64_t size = pmc->platform_bus_size;
     int irq_start = pmc->platform_bus_first_irq;
+    SysBusDevice *sbdev;
+    bool ambiguous;
 
     /* Create a /platform node that we can put all devices into */
 
@@ -302,6 +331,13 @@ static void platform_bus_create_devtree(PPCE500MachineState *pms,
     /* Loop through all dynamic sysbus devices and create nodes for them */
     foreach_dynamic_sysbus_device(sysbus_device_create_devtree, &data);
 
+    sbdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(object_resolve_path_type("", TYPE_PFLASH_CFI01,
+                                                    &ambiguous));
+    if (sbdev) {
+        assert(!ambiguous);
+        create_devtree_flash(sbdev, &data);
+    }
+
     g_free(node);
 }
 
@@ -856,6 +892,7 @@ void ppce500_init(MachineState *machine)
     unsigned int pci_irq_nrs[PCI_NUM_PINS] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
     IrqLines *irqs;
     DeviceState *dev, *mpicdev;
+    DriveInfo *dinfo;
     CPUPPCState *firstenv = NULL;
     MemoryRegion *ccsr_addr_space;
     SysBusDevice *s;
@@ -1024,6 +1061,48 @@ void ppce500_init(MachineState *machine)
                                 pmc->platform_bus_base,
                                 &pms->pbus_dev->mmio);
 
+    dinfo = drive_get(IF_PFLASH, 0, 0);
+    if (dinfo) {
+        BlockBackend *blk = blk_by_legacy_dinfo(dinfo);
+        BlockDriverState *bs = blk_bs(blk);
+        uint64_t mmio_size = memory_region_size(&pms->pbus_dev->mmio);
+        uint64_t size = bdrv_getlength(bs);
+        uint32_t sector_len = 64 * KiB;
+
+        if (!is_power_of_2(size)) {
+            error_report("Size of pflash file must be a power of two.");
+            exit(1);
+        }
+
+        if (size > mmio_size) {
+            error_report("Size of pflash file must not be bigger than %" PRIu64
+                         " bytes.", mmio_size);
+            exit(1);
+        }
+
+        if (!QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(size, sector_len)) {
+            error_report("Size of pflash file must be a multiple of %" PRIu32
+                         ".", sector_len);
+            exit(1);
+        }
+
+        dev = qdev_new(TYPE_PFLASH_CFI01);
+        qdev_prop_set_drive(dev, "drive", blk);
+        qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "num-blocks", size / sector_len);
+        qdev_prop_set_uint64(dev, "sector-length", sector_len);
+        qdev_prop_set_uint8(dev, "width", 2);
+        qdev_prop_set_bit(dev, "big-endian", true);
+        qdev_prop_set_uint16(dev, "id0", 0x89);
+        qdev_prop_set_uint16(dev, "id1", 0x18);
+        qdev_prop_set_uint16(dev, "id2", 0x0000);
+        qdev_prop_set_uint16(dev, "id3", 0x0);
+        qdev_prop_set_string(dev, "name", "e500.flash");
+        sysbus_realize_and_unref(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &error_fatal);
+
+        memory_region_add_subregion(&pms->pbus_dev->mmio, 0,
+                                    pflash_cfi01_get_memory(PFLASH_CFI01(dev)));
+    }
+
     /*
      * Smart firmware defaults ahead!
      *
diff --git a/hw/ppc/meson.build b/hw/ppc/meson.build
index 32babc9b48..c927337da0 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/meson.build
+++ b/hw/ppc/meson.build
@@ -59,8 +59,9 @@ ppc_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_PPC440', if_true: files(
   'ppc440_bamboo.c',
   'ppc440_pcix.c', 'ppc440_uc.c'))
 ppc_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_PPC4XX', if_true: files(
+  'ppc4xx_devs.c',
   'ppc4xx_pci.c',
-  'ppc4xx_devs.c'))
+  'ppc4xx_sdram.c'))
 ppc_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_SAM460EX', if_true: files('sam460ex.c'))
 # PReP
 ppc_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_PREP', if_true: files('prep.c'))
diff --git a/hw/ppc/pegasos2.c b/hw/ppc/pegasos2.c
index ecf682b148..bb4d008ba9 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/pegasos2.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/pegasos2.c
@@ -248,14 +248,14 @@ static void pegasos2_pci_config_write(Pegasos2MachineState *pm, int bus,
     pegasos2_mv_reg_write(pm, pcicfg + 4, len, val);
 }
 
-static void pegasos2_machine_reset(MachineState *machine)
+static void pegasos2_machine_reset(MachineState *machine, ShutdownCause reason)
 {
     Pegasos2MachineState *pm = PEGASOS2_MACHINE(machine);
     void *fdt;
     uint64_t d[2];
     int sz;
 
-    qemu_devices_reset();
+    qemu_devices_reset(reason);
     if (!pm->vof) {
         return; /* Firmware should set up machine so nothing to do */
     }
diff --git a/hw/ppc/pnv.c b/hw/ppc/pnv.c
index 40bb573d1a..3d01e26f84 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/pnv.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/pnv.c
@@ -643,13 +643,13 @@ static void pnv_powerdown_notify(Notifier *n, void *opaque)
     }
 }
 
-static void pnv_reset(MachineState *machine)
+static void pnv_reset(MachineState *machine, ShutdownCause reason)
 {
     PnvMachineState *pnv = PNV_MACHINE(machine);
     IPMIBmc *bmc;
     void *fdt;
 
-    qemu_devices_reset();
+    qemu_devices_reset(reason);
 
     /*
      * The machine should provide by default an internal BMC simulator.
diff --git a/hw/ppc/pnv_core.c b/hw/ppc/pnv_core.c
index 19e8eb885f..9ee79192dd 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/pnv_core.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/pnv_core.c
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ static void pnv_core_cpu_reset(PnvCore *pc, PowerPCCPU *cpu)
     env->msr |= MSR_HVB; /* Hypervisor mode */
     env->spr[SPR_HRMOR] = pc->hrmor;
     hreg_compute_hflags(env);
+    ppc_maybe_interrupt(env);
 
     pcc->intc_reset(pc->chip, cpu);
 }
diff --git a/hw/ppc/ppc.c b/hw/ppc/ppc.c
index 690f448cb9..dc86c1c7db 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/ppc.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/ppc.c
@@ -40,9 +40,8 @@
 static void cpu_ppc_tb_stop (CPUPPCState *env);
 static void cpu_ppc_tb_start (CPUPPCState *env);
 
-void ppc_set_irq(PowerPCCPU *cpu, int n_IRQ, int level)
+void ppc_set_irq(PowerPCCPU *cpu, int irq, int level)
 {
-    CPUState *cs = CPU(cpu);
     CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
     unsigned int old_pending;
     bool locked = false;
@@ -56,21 +55,17 @@ void ppc_set_irq(PowerPCCPU *cpu, int n_IRQ, int level)
     old_pending = env->pending_interrupts;
 
     if (level) {
-        env->pending_interrupts |= 1 << n_IRQ;
-        cpu_interrupt(cs, CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD);
+        env->pending_interrupts |= irq;
     } else {
-        env->pending_interrupts &= ~(1 << n_IRQ);
-        if (env->pending_interrupts == 0) {
-            cpu_reset_interrupt(cs, CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD);
-        }
+        env->pending_interrupts &= ~irq;
     }
 
     if (old_pending != env->pending_interrupts) {
-        kvmppc_set_interrupt(cpu, n_IRQ, level);
+        ppc_maybe_interrupt(env);
+        kvmppc_set_interrupt(cpu, irq, level);
     }
 
-
-    trace_ppc_irq_set_exit(env, n_IRQ, level, env->pending_interrupts,
+    trace_ppc_irq_set_exit(env, irq, level, env->pending_interrupts,
                            CPU(cpu)->interrupt_request);
 
     if (locked) {
diff --git a/hw/ppc/ppc440_uc.c b/hw/ppc/ppc440_uc.c
index 5fbf44009e..651263926e 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/ppc440_uc.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/ppc440_uc.c
@@ -10,21 +10,14 @@
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "qemu/units.h"
-#include "qemu/error-report.h"
 #include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "qemu/log.h"
-#include "qemu/module.h"
 #include "hw/irq.h"
-#include "exec/memory.h"
-#include "cpu.h"
 #include "hw/ppc/ppc4xx.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
 #include "hw/pci/pci.h"
-#include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
 #include "sysemu/reset.h"
 #include "ppc440.h"
-#include "qom/object.h"
-#include "trace.h"
 
 /*****************************************************************************/
 /* L2 Cache as SRAM */
@@ -479,331 +472,6 @@ void ppc4xx_sdr_init(CPUPPCState *env)
 }
 
 /*****************************************************************************/
-/* SDRAM controller */
-enum {
-    SDRAM0_CFGADDR = 0x10,
-    SDRAM0_CFGDATA,
-    SDRAM_R0BAS = 0x40,
-    SDRAM_R1BAS,
-    SDRAM_R2BAS,
-    SDRAM_R3BAS,
-    SDRAM_CONF1HB = 0x45,
-    SDRAM_PLBADDULL = 0x4a,
-    SDRAM_CONF1LL = 0x4b,
-    SDRAM_CONFPATHB = 0x4f,
-    SDRAM_PLBADDUHB = 0x50,
-};
-
-static uint32_t sdram_ddr2_bcr(hwaddr ram_base, hwaddr ram_size)
-{
-    uint32_t bcr;
-
-    switch (ram_size) {
-    case 8 * MiB:
-        bcr = 0xffc0;
-        break;
-    case 16 * MiB:
-        bcr = 0xff80;
-        break;
-    case 32 * MiB:
-        bcr = 0xff00;
-        break;
-    case 64 * MiB:
-        bcr = 0xfe00;
-        break;
-    case 128 * MiB:
-        bcr = 0xfc00;
-        break;
-    case 256 * MiB:
-        bcr = 0xf800;
-        break;
-    case 512 * MiB:
-        bcr = 0xf000;
-        break;
-    case 1 * GiB:
-        bcr = 0xe000;
-        break;
-    case 2 * GiB:
-        bcr = 0xc000;
-        break;
-    case 4 * GiB:
-        bcr = 0x8000;
-        break;
-    default:
-        error_report("invalid RAM size " TARGET_FMT_plx, ram_size);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    bcr |= ram_base >> 2 & 0xffe00000;
-    bcr |= 1;
-
-    return bcr;
-}
-
-static inline hwaddr sdram_ddr2_base(uint32_t bcr)
-{
-    return (bcr & 0xffe00000) << 2;
-}
-
-static uint64_t sdram_ddr2_size(uint32_t bcr)
-{
-    uint64_t size;
-    int sh;
-
-    sh = 1024 - ((bcr >> 6) & 0x3ff);
-    size = 8 * MiB * sh;
-
-    return size;
-}
-
-static void sdram_bank_map(Ppc4xxSdramBank *bank)
-{
-    memory_region_init(&bank->container, NULL, "sdram-container", bank->size);
-    memory_region_add_subregion(&bank->container, 0, &bank->ram);
-    memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(), bank->base,
-                                &bank->container);
-}
-
-static void sdram_bank_unmap(Ppc4xxSdramBank *bank)
-{
-    memory_region_del_subregion(get_system_memory(), &bank->container);
-    memory_region_del_subregion(&bank->container, &bank->ram);
-    object_unparent(OBJECT(&bank->container));
-}
-
-static void sdram_ddr2_set_bcr(Ppc4xxSdramDdr2State *sdram, int i,
-                               uint32_t bcr, int enabled)
-{
-    if (sdram->bank[i].bcr & 1) {
-        /* First unmap RAM if enabled */
-        trace_ppc4xx_sdram_unmap(sdram_ddr2_base(sdram->bank[i].bcr),
-                                 sdram_ddr2_size(sdram->bank[i].bcr));
-        sdram_bank_unmap(&sdram->bank[i]);
-    }
-    sdram->bank[i].bcr = bcr & 0xffe0ffc1;
-    if (enabled && (bcr & 1)) {
-        trace_ppc4xx_sdram_map(sdram_ddr2_base(bcr), sdram_ddr2_size(bcr));
-        sdram_bank_map(&sdram->bank[i]);
-    }
-}
-
-static void sdram_ddr2_map_bcr(Ppc4xxSdramDdr2State *sdram)
-{
-    int i;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < sdram->nbanks; i++) {
-        if (sdram->bank[i].size) {
-            sdram_ddr2_set_bcr(sdram, i,
-                               sdram_ddr2_bcr(sdram->bank[i].base,
-                                              sdram->bank[i].size), 1);
-        } else {
-            sdram_ddr2_set_bcr(sdram, i, 0, 0);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-static void sdram_ddr2_unmap_bcr(Ppc4xxSdramDdr2State *sdram)
-{
-    int i;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < sdram->nbanks; i++) {
-        if (sdram->bank[i].size) {
-            sdram_ddr2_set_bcr(sdram, i, sdram->bank[i].bcr & ~1, 0);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-static uint32_t sdram_ddr2_dcr_read(void *opaque, int dcrn)
-{
-    Ppc4xxSdramDdr2State *sdram = opaque;
-    uint32_t ret = 0;
-
-    switch (dcrn) {
-    case SDRAM_R0BAS:
-    case SDRAM_R1BAS:
-    case SDRAM_R2BAS:
-    case SDRAM_R3BAS:
-        if (sdram->bank[dcrn - SDRAM_R0BAS].size) {
-            ret = sdram_ddr2_bcr(sdram->bank[dcrn - SDRAM_R0BAS].base,
-                                 sdram->bank[dcrn - SDRAM_R0BAS].size);
-        }
-        break;
-    case SDRAM_CONF1HB:
-    case SDRAM_CONF1LL:
-    case SDRAM_CONFPATHB:
-    case SDRAM_PLBADDULL:
-    case SDRAM_PLBADDUHB:
-        break;
-    case SDRAM0_CFGADDR:
-        ret = sdram->addr;
-        break;
-    case SDRAM0_CFGDATA:
-        switch (sdram->addr) {
-        case 0x14: /* SDRAM_MCSTAT (405EX) */
-        case 0x1F:
-            ret = 0x80000000;
-            break;
-        case 0x21: /* SDRAM_MCOPT2 */
-            ret = sdram->mcopt2;
-            break;
-        case 0x40: /* SDRAM_MB0CF */
-            ret = 0x00008001;
-            break;
-        case 0x7A: /* SDRAM_DLCR */
-            ret = 0x02000000;
-            break;
-        case 0xE1: /* SDR0_DDR0 */
-            ret = SDR0_DDR0_DDRM_ENCODE(1) | SDR0_DDR0_DDRM_DDR1;
-            break;
-        default:
-            break;
-        }
-        break;
-    default:
-        break;
-    }
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
-#define SDRAM_DDR2_MCOPT2_DCEN BIT(27)
-
-static void sdram_ddr2_dcr_write(void *opaque, int dcrn, uint32_t val)
-{
-    Ppc4xxSdramDdr2State *sdram = opaque;
-
-    switch (dcrn) {
-    case SDRAM_R0BAS:
-    case SDRAM_R1BAS:
-    case SDRAM_R2BAS:
-    case SDRAM_R3BAS:
-    case SDRAM_CONF1HB:
-    case SDRAM_CONF1LL:
-    case SDRAM_CONFPATHB:
-    case SDRAM_PLBADDULL:
-    case SDRAM_PLBADDUHB:
-        break;
-    case SDRAM0_CFGADDR:
-        sdram->addr = val;
-        break;
-    case SDRAM0_CFGDATA:
-        switch (sdram->addr) {
-        case 0x00: /* B0CR */
-            break;
-        case 0x21: /* SDRAM_MCOPT2 */
-            if (!(sdram->mcopt2 & SDRAM_DDR2_MCOPT2_DCEN) &&
-                (val & SDRAM_DDR2_MCOPT2_DCEN)) {
-                trace_ppc4xx_sdram_enable("enable");
-                /* validate all RAM mappings */
-                sdram_ddr2_map_bcr(sdram);
-                sdram->mcopt2 |= SDRAM_DDR2_MCOPT2_DCEN;
-            } else if ((sdram->mcopt2 & SDRAM_DDR2_MCOPT2_DCEN) &&
-                       !(val & SDRAM_DDR2_MCOPT2_DCEN)) {
-                trace_ppc4xx_sdram_enable("disable");
-                /* invalidate all RAM mappings */
-                sdram_ddr2_unmap_bcr(sdram);
-                sdram->mcopt2 &= ~SDRAM_DDR2_MCOPT2_DCEN;
-            }
-            break;
-        default:
-            break;
-        }
-        break;
-    default:
-        break;
-    }
-}
-
-static void ppc4xx_sdram_ddr2_reset(DeviceState *dev)
-{
-    Ppc4xxSdramDdr2State *sdram = PPC4xx_SDRAM_DDR2(dev);
-
-    sdram->addr = 0;
-    sdram->mcopt2 = 0;
-}
-
-static void ppc4xx_sdram_ddr2_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
-{
-    Ppc4xxSdramDdr2State *s = PPC4xx_SDRAM_DDR2(dev);
-    Ppc4xxDcrDeviceState *dcr = PPC4xx_DCR_DEVICE(dev);
-    /*
-     * SoC also has 4 GiB but that causes problem with 32 bit
-     * builds (4*GiB overflows the 32 bit ram_addr_t).
-     */
-    const ram_addr_t valid_bank_sizes[] = {
-        2 * GiB, 1 * GiB, 512 * MiB, 256 * MiB, 128 * MiB,
-        64 * MiB, 32 * MiB, 16 * MiB, 8 * MiB, 0
-    };
-
-    if (s->nbanks < 1 || s->nbanks > 4) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Invalid number of RAM banks");
-        return;
-    }
-    if (!s->dram_mr) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Missing dram memory region");
-        return;
-    }
-    ppc4xx_sdram_banks(s->dram_mr, s->nbanks, s->bank, valid_bank_sizes);
-
-    ppc4xx_dcr_register(dcr, SDRAM0_CFGADDR,
-                        s, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_read, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_write);
-    ppc4xx_dcr_register(dcr, SDRAM0_CFGDATA,
-                        s, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_read, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_write);
-
-    ppc4xx_dcr_register(dcr, SDRAM_R0BAS,
-                        s, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_read, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_write);
-    ppc4xx_dcr_register(dcr, SDRAM_R1BAS,
-                        s, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_read, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_write);
-    ppc4xx_dcr_register(dcr, SDRAM_R2BAS,
-                        s, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_read, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_write);
-    ppc4xx_dcr_register(dcr, SDRAM_R3BAS,
-                        s, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_read, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_write);
-    ppc4xx_dcr_register(dcr, SDRAM_CONF1HB,
-                        s, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_read, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_write);
-    ppc4xx_dcr_register(dcr, SDRAM_PLBADDULL,
-                        s, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_read, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_write);
-    ppc4xx_dcr_register(dcr, SDRAM_CONF1LL,
-                        s, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_read, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_write);
-    ppc4xx_dcr_register(dcr, SDRAM_CONFPATHB,
-                        s, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_read, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_write);
-    ppc4xx_dcr_register(dcr, SDRAM_PLBADDUHB,
-                        s, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_read, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_write);
-}
-
-static Property ppc4xx_sdram_ddr2_props[] = {
-    DEFINE_PROP_LINK("dram", Ppc4xxSdramDdr2State, dram_mr, TYPE_MEMORY_REGION,
-                     MemoryRegion *),
-    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("nbanks", Ppc4xxSdramDdr2State, nbanks, 4),
-    DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
-};
-
-static void ppc4xx_sdram_ddr2_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
-{
-    DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(oc);
-
-    dc->realize = ppc4xx_sdram_ddr2_realize;
-    dc->reset = ppc4xx_sdram_ddr2_reset;
-    /* Reason: only works as function of a ppc4xx SoC */
-    dc->user_creatable = false;
-    device_class_set_props(dc, ppc4xx_sdram_ddr2_props);
-}
-
-void ppc4xx_sdram_ddr2_enable(Ppc4xxSdramDdr2State *s)
-{
-    sdram_ddr2_dcr_write(s, SDRAM0_CFGADDR, 0x21);
-    sdram_ddr2_dcr_write(s, SDRAM0_CFGDATA, 0x08000000);
-}
-
-static const TypeInfo ppc4xx_types[] = {
-    {
-        .name           = TYPE_PPC4xx_SDRAM_DDR2,
-        .parent         = TYPE_PPC4xx_DCR_DEVICE,
-        .instance_size  = sizeof(Ppc4xxSdramDdr2State),
-        .class_init     = ppc4xx_sdram_ddr2_class_init,
-    }
-};
-DEFINE_TYPES(ppc4xx_types)
-
-/*****************************************************************************/
 /* PLB to AHB bridge */
 enum {
     AHB_TOP    = 0xA4,
diff --git a/hw/ppc/ppc4xx_devs.c b/hw/ppc/ppc4xx_devs.c
index 12af90f244..c1d111465d 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/ppc4xx_devs.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/ppc4xx_devs.c
@@ -23,419 +23,10 @@
  */
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
-#include "qemu/units.h"
-#include "sysemu/reset.h"
 #include "cpu.h"
-#include "hw/irq.h"
-#include "hw/ppc/ppc.h"
 #include "hw/ppc/ppc4xx.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
-#include "qemu/log.h"
-#include "exec/address-spaces.h"
-#include "qemu/error-report.h"
 #include "qapi/error.h"
-#include "trace.h"
-
-/*****************************************************************************/
-/* SDRAM controller */
-enum {
-    SDRAM0_CFGADDR = 0x010,
-    SDRAM0_CFGDATA = 0x011,
-};
-
-/*
- * XXX: TOFIX: some patches have made this code become inconsistent:
- *      there are type inconsistencies, mixing hwaddr, target_ulong
- *      and uint32_t
- */
-static uint32_t sdram_ddr_bcr(hwaddr ram_base, hwaddr ram_size)
-{
-    uint32_t bcr;
-
-    switch (ram_size) {
-    case 4 * MiB:
-        bcr = 0;
-        break;
-    case 8 * MiB:
-        bcr = 0x20000;
-        break;
-    case 16 * MiB:
-        bcr = 0x40000;
-        break;
-    case 32 * MiB:
-        bcr = 0x60000;
-        break;
-    case 64 * MiB:
-        bcr = 0x80000;
-        break;
-    case 128 * MiB:
-        bcr = 0xA0000;
-        break;
-    case 256 * MiB:
-        bcr = 0xC0000;
-        break;
-    default:
-        qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
-                      "%s: invalid RAM size 0x%" HWADDR_PRIx "\n", __func__,
-                      ram_size);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    bcr |= ram_base & 0xFF800000;
-    bcr |= 1;
-
-    return bcr;
-}
-
-static inline hwaddr sdram_ddr_base(uint32_t bcr)
-{
-    return bcr & 0xFF800000;
-}
-
-static target_ulong sdram_ddr_size(uint32_t bcr)
-{
-    target_ulong size;
-    int sh;
-
-    sh = (bcr >> 17) & 0x7;
-    if (sh == 7) {
-        size = -1;
-    } else {
-        size = (4 * MiB) << sh;
-    }
-
-    return size;
-}
-
-static void sdram_ddr_set_bcr(Ppc4xxSdramDdrState *sdram, int i,
-                              uint32_t bcr, int enabled)
-{
-    if (sdram->bank[i].bcr & 1) {
-        /* Unmap RAM */
-        trace_ppc4xx_sdram_unmap(sdram_ddr_base(sdram->bank[i].bcr),
-                                 sdram_ddr_size(sdram->bank[i].bcr));
-        memory_region_del_subregion(get_system_memory(),
-                                    &sdram->bank[i].container);
-        memory_region_del_subregion(&sdram->bank[i].container,
-                                    &sdram->bank[i].ram);
-        object_unparent(OBJECT(&sdram->bank[i].container));
-    }
-    sdram->bank[i].bcr = bcr & 0xFFDEE001;
-    if (enabled && (bcr & 1)) {
-        trace_ppc4xx_sdram_map(sdram_ddr_base(bcr), sdram_ddr_size(bcr));
-        memory_region_init(&sdram->bank[i].container, NULL, "sdram-container",
-                           sdram_ddr_size(bcr));
-        memory_region_add_subregion(&sdram->bank[i].container, 0,
-                                    &sdram->bank[i].ram);
-        memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(),
-                                    sdram_ddr_base(bcr),
-                                    &sdram->bank[i].container);
-    }
-}
-
-static void sdram_ddr_map_bcr(Ppc4xxSdramDdrState *sdram)
-{
-    int i;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < sdram->nbanks; i++) {
-        if (sdram->bank[i].size != 0) {
-            sdram_ddr_set_bcr(sdram, i, sdram_ddr_bcr(sdram->bank[i].base,
-                                                      sdram->bank[i].size), 1);
-        } else {
-            sdram_ddr_set_bcr(sdram, i, 0, 0);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-static void sdram_ddr_unmap_bcr(Ppc4xxSdramDdrState *sdram)
-{
-    int i;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < sdram->nbanks; i++) {
-        trace_ppc4xx_sdram_unmap(sdram_ddr_base(sdram->bank[i].bcr),
-                                 sdram_ddr_size(sdram->bank[i].bcr));
-        memory_region_del_subregion(get_system_memory(),
-                                    &sdram->bank[i].ram);
-    }
-}
-
-static uint32_t sdram_ddr_dcr_read(void *opaque, int dcrn)
-{
-    Ppc4xxSdramDdrState *sdram = opaque;
-    uint32_t ret;
-
-    switch (dcrn) {
-    case SDRAM0_CFGADDR:
-        ret = sdram->addr;
-        break;
-    case SDRAM0_CFGDATA:
-        switch (sdram->addr) {
-        case 0x00: /* SDRAM_BESR0 */
-            ret = sdram->besr0;
-            break;
-        case 0x08: /* SDRAM_BESR1 */
-            ret = sdram->besr1;
-            break;
-        case 0x10: /* SDRAM_BEAR */
-            ret = sdram->bear;
-            break;
-        case 0x20: /* SDRAM_CFG */
-            ret = sdram->cfg;
-            break;
-        case 0x24: /* SDRAM_STATUS */
-            ret = sdram->status;
-            break;
-        case 0x30: /* SDRAM_RTR */
-            ret = sdram->rtr;
-            break;
-        case 0x34: /* SDRAM_PMIT */
-            ret = sdram->pmit;
-            break;
-        case 0x40: /* SDRAM_B0CR */
-            ret = sdram->bank[0].bcr;
-            break;
-        case 0x44: /* SDRAM_B1CR */
-            ret = sdram->bank[1].bcr;
-            break;
-        case 0x48: /* SDRAM_B2CR */
-            ret = sdram->bank[2].bcr;
-            break;
-        case 0x4C: /* SDRAM_B3CR */
-            ret = sdram->bank[3].bcr;
-            break;
-        case 0x80: /* SDRAM_TR */
-            ret = -1; /* ? */
-            break;
-        case 0x94: /* SDRAM_ECCCFG */
-            ret = sdram->ecccfg;
-            break;
-        case 0x98: /* SDRAM_ECCESR */
-            ret = sdram->eccesr;
-            break;
-        default: /* Error */
-            ret = -1;
-            break;
-        }
-        break;
-    default:
-        /* Avoid gcc warning */
-        ret = 0;
-        break;
-    }
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
-static void sdram_ddr_dcr_write(void *opaque, int dcrn, uint32_t val)
-{
-    Ppc4xxSdramDdrState *sdram = opaque;
-
-    switch (dcrn) {
-    case SDRAM0_CFGADDR:
-        sdram->addr = val;
-        break;
-    case SDRAM0_CFGDATA:
-        switch (sdram->addr) {
-        case 0x00: /* SDRAM_BESR0 */
-            sdram->besr0 &= ~val;
-            break;
-        case 0x08: /* SDRAM_BESR1 */
-            sdram->besr1 &= ~val;
-            break;
-        case 0x10: /* SDRAM_BEAR */
-            sdram->bear = val;
-            break;
-        case 0x20: /* SDRAM_CFG */
-            val &= 0xFFE00000;
-            if (!(sdram->cfg & 0x80000000) && (val & 0x80000000)) {
-                trace_ppc4xx_sdram_enable("enable");
-                /* validate all RAM mappings */
-                sdram_ddr_map_bcr(sdram);
-                sdram->status &= ~0x80000000;
-            } else if ((sdram->cfg & 0x80000000) && !(val & 0x80000000)) {
-                trace_ppc4xx_sdram_enable("disable");
-                /* invalidate all RAM mappings */
-                sdram_ddr_unmap_bcr(sdram);
-                sdram->status |= 0x80000000;
-            }
-            if (!(sdram->cfg & 0x40000000) && (val & 0x40000000)) {
-                sdram->status |= 0x40000000;
-            } else if ((sdram->cfg & 0x40000000) && !(val & 0x40000000)) {
-                sdram->status &= ~0x40000000;
-            }
-            sdram->cfg = val;
-            break;
-        case 0x24: /* SDRAM_STATUS */
-            /* Read-only register */
-            break;
-        case 0x30: /* SDRAM_RTR */
-            sdram->rtr = val & 0x3FF80000;
-            break;
-        case 0x34: /* SDRAM_PMIT */
-            sdram->pmit = (val & 0xF8000000) | 0x07C00000;
-            break;
-        case 0x40: /* SDRAM_B0CR */
-            sdram_ddr_set_bcr(sdram, 0, val, sdram->cfg & 0x80000000);
-            break;
-        case 0x44: /* SDRAM_B1CR */
-            sdram_ddr_set_bcr(sdram, 1, val, sdram->cfg & 0x80000000);
-            break;
-        case 0x48: /* SDRAM_B2CR */
-            sdram_ddr_set_bcr(sdram, 2, val, sdram->cfg & 0x80000000);
-            break;
-        case 0x4C: /* SDRAM_B3CR */
-            sdram_ddr_set_bcr(sdram, 3, val, sdram->cfg & 0x80000000);
-            break;
-        case 0x80: /* SDRAM_TR */
-            sdram->tr = val & 0x018FC01F;
-            break;
-        case 0x94: /* SDRAM_ECCCFG */
-            sdram->ecccfg = val & 0x00F00000;
-            break;
-        case 0x98: /* SDRAM_ECCESR */
-            val &= 0xFFF0F000;
-            if (sdram->eccesr == 0 && val != 0) {
-                qemu_irq_raise(sdram->irq);
-            } else if (sdram->eccesr != 0 && val == 0) {
-                qemu_irq_lower(sdram->irq);
-            }
-            sdram->eccesr = val;
-            break;
-        default: /* Error */
-            break;
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-}
-
-static void ppc4xx_sdram_ddr_reset(DeviceState *dev)
-{
-    Ppc4xxSdramDdrState *sdram = PPC4xx_SDRAM_DDR(dev);
-
-    sdram->addr = 0;
-    sdram->bear = 0;
-    sdram->besr0 = 0; /* No error */
-    sdram->besr1 = 0; /* No error */
-    sdram->cfg = 0;
-    sdram->ecccfg = 0; /* No ECC */
-    sdram->eccesr = 0; /* No error */
-    sdram->pmit = 0x07C00000;
-    sdram->rtr = 0x05F00000;
-    sdram->tr = 0x00854009;
-    /* We pre-initialize RAM banks */
-    sdram->status = 0;
-    sdram->cfg = 0x00800000;
-}
-
-static void ppc4xx_sdram_ddr_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
-{
-    Ppc4xxSdramDdrState *s = PPC4xx_SDRAM_DDR(dev);
-    Ppc4xxDcrDeviceState *dcr = PPC4xx_DCR_DEVICE(dev);
-    const ram_addr_t valid_bank_sizes[] = {
-        256 * MiB, 128 * MiB, 64 * MiB, 32 * MiB, 16 * MiB, 8 * MiB, 4 * MiB, 0
-    };
-
-    if (s->nbanks < 1 || s->nbanks > 4) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Invalid number of RAM banks");
-        return;
-    }
-    if (!s->dram_mr) {
-        error_setg(errp, "Missing dram memory region");
-        return;
-    }
-    ppc4xx_sdram_banks(s->dram_mr, s->nbanks, s->bank, valid_bank_sizes);
-
-    sysbus_init_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &s->irq);
-
-    ppc4xx_dcr_register(dcr, SDRAM0_CFGADDR,
-                        s, &sdram_ddr_dcr_read, &sdram_ddr_dcr_write);
-    ppc4xx_dcr_register(dcr, SDRAM0_CFGDATA,
-                        s, &sdram_ddr_dcr_read, &sdram_ddr_dcr_write);
-}
-
-static Property ppc4xx_sdram_ddr_props[] = {
-    DEFINE_PROP_LINK("dram", Ppc4xxSdramDdrState, dram_mr, TYPE_MEMORY_REGION,
-                     MemoryRegion *),
-    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("nbanks", Ppc4xxSdramDdrState, nbanks, 4),
-    DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
-};
-
-static void ppc4xx_sdram_ddr_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
-{
-    DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(oc);
-
-    dc->realize = ppc4xx_sdram_ddr_realize;
-    dc->reset = ppc4xx_sdram_ddr_reset;
-    /* Reason: only works as function of a ppc4xx SoC */
-    dc->user_creatable = false;
-    device_class_set_props(dc, ppc4xx_sdram_ddr_props);
-}
-
-void ppc4xx_sdram_ddr_enable(Ppc4xxSdramDdrState *s)
-{
-    sdram_ddr_dcr_write(s, SDRAM0_CFGADDR, 0x20);
-    sdram_ddr_dcr_write(s, SDRAM0_CFGDATA, 0x80000000);
-}
-
-/*
- * Split RAM between SDRAM banks.
- *
- * sdram_bank_sizes[] must be in descending order, that is sizes[i] > sizes[i+1]
- * and must be 0-terminated.
- *
- * The 4xx SDRAM controller supports a small number of banks, and each bank
- * must be one of a small set of sizes. The number of banks and the supported
- * sizes varies by SoC.
- */
-void ppc4xx_sdram_banks(MemoryRegion *ram, int nr_banks,
-                        Ppc4xxSdramBank ram_banks[],
-                        const ram_addr_t sdram_bank_sizes[])
-{
-    ram_addr_t size_left = memory_region_size(ram);
-    ram_addr_t base = 0;
-    ram_addr_t bank_size;
-    int i;
-    int j;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < nr_banks; i++) {
-        for (j = 0; sdram_bank_sizes[j] != 0; j++) {
-            bank_size = sdram_bank_sizes[j];
-            if (bank_size <= size_left) {
-                char name[32];
-
-                ram_banks[i].base = base;
-                ram_banks[i].size = bank_size;
-                base += bank_size;
-                size_left -= bank_size;
-                snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "ppc4xx.sdram%d", i);
-                memory_region_init_alias(&ram_banks[i].ram, NULL, name, ram,
-                                         ram_banks[i].base, ram_banks[i].size);
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        if (!size_left) {
-            /* No need to use the remaining banks. */
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (size_left) {
-        ram_addr_t used_size = memory_region_size(ram) - size_left;
-        GString *s = g_string_new(NULL);
-
-        for (i = 0; sdram_bank_sizes[i]; i++) {
-            g_string_append_printf(s, "%" PRIi64 "%s",
-                                   sdram_bank_sizes[i] / MiB,
-                                   sdram_bank_sizes[i + 1] ? ", " : "");
-        }
-        error_report("at most %d bank%s of %s MiB each supported",
-                     nr_banks, nr_banks == 1 ? "" : "s", s->str);
-        error_printf("Possible valid RAM size: %" PRIi64 " MiB\n",
-            used_size ? used_size / MiB : sdram_bank_sizes[i - 1] / MiB);
-
-        g_string_free(s, true);
-        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-    }
-}
 
 /*****************************************************************************/
 /* MAL */
@@ -963,11 +554,6 @@ static void ppc4xx_dcr_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
 
 static const TypeInfo ppc4xx_types[] = {
     {
-        .name           = TYPE_PPC4xx_SDRAM_DDR,
-        .parent         = TYPE_PPC4xx_DCR_DEVICE,
-        .instance_size  = sizeof(Ppc4xxSdramDdrState),
-        .class_init     = ppc4xx_sdram_ddr_class_init,
-    }, {
         .name           = TYPE_PPC4xx_MAL,
         .parent         = TYPE_PPC4xx_DCR_DEVICE,
         .instance_size  = sizeof(Ppc4xxMalState),
diff --git a/hw/ppc/ppc4xx_sdram.c b/hw/ppc/ppc4xx_sdram.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8d7137faf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw/ppc/ppc4xx_sdram.c
@@ -0,0 +1,757 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU PowerPC 4xx embedded processors SDRAM controller emulation
+ *
+ * DDR SDRAM controller:
+ * Copyright (c) 2007 Jocelyn Mayer
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+ * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * DDR2 SDRAM controller:
+ * Copyright (c) 2012 François Revol
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2019 BALATON Zoltan
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the GNU GPL license version 2 or later.
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "qemu/units.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "qemu/log.h"
+#include "exec/address-spaces.h" /* get_system_memory() */
+#include "hw/irq.h"
+#include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
+#include "hw/ppc/ppc4xx.h"
+#include "trace.h"
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+/* Shared functions */
+
+/*
+ * Split RAM between SDRAM banks.
+ *
+ * sdram_bank_sizes[] must be in descending order, that is sizes[i] > sizes[i+1]
+ * and must be 0-terminated.
+ *
+ * The 4xx SDRAM controller supports a small number of banks, and each bank
+ * must be one of a small set of sizes. The number of banks and the supported
+ * sizes varies by SoC.
+ */
+static bool ppc4xx_sdram_banks(MemoryRegion *ram, int nr_banks,
+                               Ppc4xxSdramBank ram_banks[],
+                               const ram_addr_t sdram_bank_sizes[],
+                               Error **errp)
+{
+    ERRP_GUARD();
+    ram_addr_t size_left = memory_region_size(ram);
+    ram_addr_t base = 0;
+    ram_addr_t bank_size;
+    int i;
+    int j;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < nr_banks; i++) {
+        for (j = 0; sdram_bank_sizes[j] != 0; j++) {
+            bank_size = sdram_bank_sizes[j];
+            if (bank_size <= size_left) {
+                char name[32];
+
+                ram_banks[i].base = base;
+                ram_banks[i].size = bank_size;
+                base += bank_size;
+                size_left -= bank_size;
+                snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "ppc4xx.sdram%d", i);
+                memory_region_init_alias(&ram_banks[i].ram, NULL, name, ram,
+                                         ram_banks[i].base, ram_banks[i].size);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!size_left) {
+            /* No need to use the remaining banks. */
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (size_left) {
+        ram_addr_t used_size = memory_region_size(ram) - size_left;
+        GString *s = g_string_new(NULL);
+
+        for (i = 0; sdram_bank_sizes[i]; i++) {
+            g_string_append_printf(s, "%" PRIi64 "%s",
+                                   sdram_bank_sizes[i] / MiB,
+                                   sdram_bank_sizes[i + 1] ? ", " : "");
+        }
+        error_setg(errp, "Invalid SDRAM banks");
+        error_append_hint(errp, "at most %d bank%s of %s MiB each supported\n",
+                          nr_banks, nr_banks == 1 ? "" : "s", s->str);
+        error_append_hint(errp, "Possible valid RAM size: %" PRIi64 " MiB\n",
+                  used_size ? used_size / MiB : sdram_bank_sizes[i - 1] / MiB);
+
+        g_string_free(s, true);
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static void sdram_bank_map(Ppc4xxSdramBank *bank)
+{
+    trace_ppc4xx_sdram_map(bank->base, bank->size);
+    memory_region_init(&bank->container, NULL, "sdram-container", bank->size);
+    memory_region_add_subregion(&bank->container, 0, &bank->ram);
+    memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(), bank->base,
+                                &bank->container);
+}
+
+static void sdram_bank_unmap(Ppc4xxSdramBank *bank)
+{
+    trace_ppc4xx_sdram_unmap(bank->base, bank->size);
+    memory_region_del_subregion(get_system_memory(), &bank->container);
+    memory_region_del_subregion(&bank->container, &bank->ram);
+    object_unparent(OBJECT(&bank->container));
+}
+
+static void sdram_bank_set_bcr(Ppc4xxSdramBank *bank, uint32_t bcr,
+                               hwaddr base, hwaddr size, int enabled)
+{
+    if (memory_region_is_mapped(&bank->container)) {
+        sdram_bank_unmap(bank);
+    }
+    bank->bcr = bcr;
+    bank->base = base;
+    bank->size = size;
+    if (enabled && (bcr & 1)) {
+        sdram_bank_map(bank);
+    }
+}
+
+enum {
+    SDRAM0_CFGADDR = 0x010,
+    SDRAM0_CFGDATA = 0x011,
+};
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+/* DDR SDRAM controller */
+#define SDRAM_DDR_BCR_MASK 0xFFDEE001
+
+static uint32_t sdram_ddr_bcr(hwaddr ram_base, hwaddr ram_size)
+{
+    uint32_t bcr;
+
+    switch (ram_size) {
+    case 4 * MiB:
+        bcr = 0;
+        break;
+    case 8 * MiB:
+        bcr = 0x20000;
+        break;
+    case 16 * MiB:
+        bcr = 0x40000;
+        break;
+    case 32 * MiB:
+        bcr = 0x60000;
+        break;
+    case 64 * MiB:
+        bcr = 0x80000;
+        break;
+    case 128 * MiB:
+        bcr = 0xA0000;
+        break;
+    case 256 * MiB:
+        bcr = 0xC0000;
+        break;
+    default:
+        qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
+                      "%s: invalid RAM size 0x%" HWADDR_PRIx "\n", __func__,
+                      ram_size);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    bcr |= ram_base & 0xFF800000;
+    bcr |= 1;
+
+    return bcr;
+}
+
+static inline hwaddr sdram_ddr_base(uint32_t bcr)
+{
+    return bcr & 0xFF800000;
+}
+
+static hwaddr sdram_ddr_size(uint32_t bcr)
+{
+    hwaddr size;
+    int sh;
+
+    sh = (bcr >> 17) & 0x7;
+    if (sh == 7) {
+        size = -1;
+    } else {
+        size = (4 * MiB) << sh;
+    }
+
+    return size;
+}
+
+static uint32_t sdram_ddr_dcr_read(void *opaque, int dcrn)
+{
+    Ppc4xxSdramDdrState *s = opaque;
+    uint32_t ret;
+
+    switch (dcrn) {
+    case SDRAM0_CFGADDR:
+        ret = s->addr;
+        break;
+    case SDRAM0_CFGDATA:
+        switch (s->addr) {
+        case 0x00: /* SDRAM_BESR0 */
+            ret = s->besr0;
+            break;
+        case 0x08: /* SDRAM_BESR1 */
+            ret = s->besr1;
+            break;
+        case 0x10: /* SDRAM_BEAR */
+            ret = s->bear;
+            break;
+        case 0x20: /* SDRAM_CFG */
+            ret = s->cfg;
+            break;
+        case 0x24: /* SDRAM_STATUS */
+            ret = s->status;
+            break;
+        case 0x30: /* SDRAM_RTR */
+            ret = s->rtr;
+            break;
+        case 0x34: /* SDRAM_PMIT */
+            ret = s->pmit;
+            break;
+        case 0x40: /* SDRAM_B0CR */
+            ret = s->bank[0].bcr;
+            break;
+        case 0x44: /* SDRAM_B1CR */
+            ret = s->bank[1].bcr;
+            break;
+        case 0x48: /* SDRAM_B2CR */
+            ret = s->bank[2].bcr;
+            break;
+        case 0x4C: /* SDRAM_B3CR */
+            ret = s->bank[3].bcr;
+            break;
+        case 0x80: /* SDRAM_TR */
+            ret = -1; /* ? */
+            break;
+        case 0x94: /* SDRAM_ECCCFG */
+            ret = s->ecccfg;
+            break;
+        case 0x98: /* SDRAM_ECCESR */
+            ret = s->eccesr;
+            break;
+        default: /* Error */
+            ret = -1;
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+    default:
+        /* Avoid gcc warning */
+        ret = 0;
+        break;
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static void sdram_ddr_dcr_write(void *opaque, int dcrn, uint32_t val)
+{
+    Ppc4xxSdramDdrState *s = opaque;
+    int i;
+
+    switch (dcrn) {
+    case SDRAM0_CFGADDR:
+        s->addr = val;
+        break;
+    case SDRAM0_CFGDATA:
+        switch (s->addr) {
+        case 0x00: /* SDRAM_BESR0 */
+            s->besr0 &= ~val;
+            break;
+        case 0x08: /* SDRAM_BESR1 */
+            s->besr1 &= ~val;
+            break;
+        case 0x10: /* SDRAM_BEAR */
+            s->bear = val;
+            break;
+        case 0x20: /* SDRAM_CFG */
+            val &= 0xFFE00000;
+            if (!(s->cfg & 0x80000000) && (val & 0x80000000)) {
+                trace_ppc4xx_sdram_enable("enable");
+                /* validate all RAM mappings */
+                for (i = 0; i < s->nbanks; i++) {
+                    if (s->bank[i].size) {
+                        sdram_bank_set_bcr(&s->bank[i], s->bank[i].bcr,
+                                           s->bank[i].base, s->bank[i].size,
+                                           1);
+                    }
+                }
+                s->status &= ~0x80000000;
+            } else if ((s->cfg & 0x80000000) && !(val & 0x80000000)) {
+                trace_ppc4xx_sdram_enable("disable");
+                /* invalidate all RAM mappings */
+                for (i = 0; i < s->nbanks; i++) {
+                    if (s->bank[i].size) {
+                        sdram_bank_set_bcr(&s->bank[i], s->bank[i].bcr,
+                                           s->bank[i].base, s->bank[i].size,
+                                           0);
+                    }
+                }
+                s->status |= 0x80000000;
+            }
+            if (!(s->cfg & 0x40000000) && (val & 0x40000000)) {
+                s->status |= 0x40000000;
+            } else if ((s->cfg & 0x40000000) && !(val & 0x40000000)) {
+                s->status &= ~0x40000000;
+            }
+            s->cfg = val;
+            break;
+        case 0x24: /* SDRAM_STATUS */
+            /* Read-only register */
+            break;
+        case 0x30: /* SDRAM_RTR */
+            s->rtr = val & 0x3FF80000;
+            break;
+        case 0x34: /* SDRAM_PMIT */
+            s->pmit = (val & 0xF8000000) | 0x07C00000;
+            break;
+        case 0x40: /* SDRAM_B0CR */
+        case 0x44: /* SDRAM_B1CR */
+        case 0x48: /* SDRAM_B2CR */
+        case 0x4C: /* SDRAM_B3CR */
+            i = (s->addr - 0x40) / 4;
+            val &= SDRAM_DDR_BCR_MASK;
+            if (s->bank[i].size) {
+                sdram_bank_set_bcr(&s->bank[i], val,
+                                   sdram_ddr_base(val), sdram_ddr_size(val),
+                                   s->cfg & 0x80000000);
+            }
+            break;
+        case 0x80: /* SDRAM_TR */
+            s->tr = val & 0x018FC01F;
+            break;
+        case 0x94: /* SDRAM_ECCCFG */
+            s->ecccfg = val & 0x00F00000;
+            break;
+        case 0x98: /* SDRAM_ECCESR */
+            val &= 0xFFF0F000;
+            if (s->eccesr == 0 && val != 0) {
+                qemu_irq_raise(s->irq);
+            } else if (s->eccesr != 0 && val == 0) {
+                qemu_irq_lower(s->irq);
+            }
+            s->eccesr = val;
+            break;
+        default: /* Error */
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+static void ppc4xx_sdram_ddr_reset(DeviceState *dev)
+{
+    Ppc4xxSdramDdrState *s = PPC4xx_SDRAM_DDR(dev);
+
+    s->addr = 0;
+    s->bear = 0;
+    s->besr0 = 0; /* No error */
+    s->besr1 = 0; /* No error */
+    s->cfg = 0;
+    s->ecccfg = 0; /* No ECC */
+    s->eccesr = 0; /* No error */
+    s->pmit = 0x07C00000;
+    s->rtr = 0x05F00000;
+    s->tr = 0x00854009;
+    /* We pre-initialize RAM banks */
+    s->status = 0;
+    s->cfg = 0x00800000;
+}
+
+static void ppc4xx_sdram_ddr_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
+{
+    Ppc4xxSdramDdrState *s = PPC4xx_SDRAM_DDR(dev);
+    Ppc4xxDcrDeviceState *dcr = PPC4xx_DCR_DEVICE(dev);
+    const ram_addr_t valid_bank_sizes[] = {
+        256 * MiB, 128 * MiB, 64 * MiB, 32 * MiB, 16 * MiB, 8 * MiB, 4 * MiB, 0
+    };
+    int i;
+
+    if (s->nbanks < 1 || s->nbanks > 4) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Invalid number of RAM banks");
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!s->dram_mr) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Missing dram memory region");
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!ppc4xx_sdram_banks(s->dram_mr, s->nbanks, s->bank,
+                            valid_bank_sizes, errp)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < s->nbanks; i++) {
+        if (s->bank[i].size) {
+            s->bank[i].bcr = sdram_ddr_bcr(s->bank[i].base, s->bank[i].size);
+            sdram_bank_set_bcr(&s->bank[i], s->bank[i].bcr,
+                               s->bank[i].base, s->bank[i].size, 0);
+        } else {
+            sdram_bank_set_bcr(&s->bank[i], 0, 0, 0, 0);
+        }
+        trace_ppc4xx_sdram_init(sdram_ddr_base(s->bank[i].bcr),
+                                sdram_ddr_size(s->bank[i].bcr),
+                                s->bank[i].bcr);
+    }
+
+    sysbus_init_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &s->irq);
+
+    ppc4xx_dcr_register(dcr, SDRAM0_CFGADDR,
+                        s, &sdram_ddr_dcr_read, &sdram_ddr_dcr_write);
+    ppc4xx_dcr_register(dcr, SDRAM0_CFGDATA,
+                        s, &sdram_ddr_dcr_read, &sdram_ddr_dcr_write);
+}
+
+static Property ppc4xx_sdram_ddr_props[] = {
+    DEFINE_PROP_LINK("dram", Ppc4xxSdramDdrState, dram_mr, TYPE_MEMORY_REGION,
+                     MemoryRegion *),
+    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("nbanks", Ppc4xxSdramDdrState, nbanks, 4),
+    DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
+};
+
+static void ppc4xx_sdram_ddr_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
+{
+    DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(oc);
+
+    dc->realize = ppc4xx_sdram_ddr_realize;
+    dc->reset = ppc4xx_sdram_ddr_reset;
+    /* Reason: only works as function of a ppc4xx SoC */
+    dc->user_creatable = false;
+    device_class_set_props(dc, ppc4xx_sdram_ddr_props);
+}
+
+void ppc4xx_sdram_ddr_enable(Ppc4xxSdramDdrState *s)
+{
+    sdram_ddr_dcr_write(s, SDRAM0_CFGADDR, 0x20);
+    sdram_ddr_dcr_write(s, SDRAM0_CFGDATA, 0x80000000);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+/* DDR2 SDRAM controller */
+#define SDRAM_DDR2_BCR_MASK 0xffe0ffc1
+
+enum {
+    SDRAM_R0BAS = 0x40,
+    SDRAM_R1BAS,
+    SDRAM_R2BAS,
+    SDRAM_R3BAS,
+    SDRAM_CONF1HB = 0x45,
+    SDRAM_PLBADDULL = 0x4a,
+    SDRAM_CONF1LL = 0x4b,
+    SDRAM_CONFPATHB = 0x4f,
+    SDRAM_PLBADDUHB = 0x50,
+};
+
+static uint32_t sdram_ddr2_bcr(hwaddr ram_base, hwaddr ram_size)
+{
+    uint32_t bcr;
+
+    switch (ram_size) {
+    case 8 * MiB:
+        bcr = 0xffc0;
+        break;
+    case 16 * MiB:
+        bcr = 0xff80;
+        break;
+    case 32 * MiB:
+        bcr = 0xff00;
+        break;
+    case 64 * MiB:
+        bcr = 0xfe00;
+        break;
+    case 128 * MiB:
+        bcr = 0xfc00;
+        break;
+    case 256 * MiB:
+        bcr = 0xf800;
+        break;
+    case 512 * MiB:
+        bcr = 0xf000;
+        break;
+    case 1 * GiB:
+        bcr = 0xe000;
+        break;
+    case 2 * GiB:
+        bcr = 0xc000;
+        break;
+    case 4 * GiB:
+        bcr = 0x8000;
+        break;
+    default:
+        error_report("invalid RAM size " TARGET_FMT_plx, ram_size);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    bcr |= ram_base >> 2 & 0xffe00000;
+    bcr |= 1;
+
+    return bcr;
+}
+
+static inline hwaddr sdram_ddr2_base(uint32_t bcr)
+{
+    return (bcr & 0xffe00000) << 2;
+}
+
+static hwaddr sdram_ddr2_size(uint32_t bcr)
+{
+    hwaddr size;
+    int sh;
+
+    sh = 1024 - ((bcr >> 6) & 0x3ff);
+    size = 8 * MiB * sh;
+
+    return size;
+}
+
+static uint32_t sdram_ddr2_dcr_read(void *opaque, int dcrn)
+{
+    Ppc4xxSdramDdr2State *s = opaque;
+    uint32_t ret = 0;
+
+    switch (dcrn) {
+    case SDRAM_R0BAS:
+    case SDRAM_R1BAS:
+    case SDRAM_R2BAS:
+    case SDRAM_R3BAS:
+        if (s->bank[dcrn - SDRAM_R0BAS].size) {
+            ret = sdram_ddr2_bcr(s->bank[dcrn - SDRAM_R0BAS].base,
+                                 s->bank[dcrn - SDRAM_R0BAS].size);
+        }
+        break;
+    case SDRAM_CONF1HB:
+    case SDRAM_CONF1LL:
+    case SDRAM_CONFPATHB:
+    case SDRAM_PLBADDULL:
+    case SDRAM_PLBADDUHB:
+        break;
+    case SDRAM0_CFGADDR:
+        ret = s->addr;
+        break;
+    case SDRAM0_CFGDATA:
+        switch (s->addr) {
+        case 0x14: /* SDRAM_MCSTAT (405EX) */
+        case 0x1F:
+            ret = 0x80000000;
+            break;
+        case 0x21: /* SDRAM_MCOPT2 */
+            ret = s->mcopt2;
+            break;
+        case 0x40: /* SDRAM_MB0CF */
+            ret = 0x00008001;
+            break;
+        case 0x7A: /* SDRAM_DLCR */
+            ret = 0x02000000;
+            break;
+        case 0xE1: /* SDR0_DDR0 */
+            ret = SDR0_DDR0_DDRM_ENCODE(1) | SDR0_DDR0_DDRM_DDR1;
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+#define SDRAM_DDR2_MCOPT2_DCEN BIT(27)
+
+static void sdram_ddr2_dcr_write(void *opaque, int dcrn, uint32_t val)
+{
+    Ppc4xxSdramDdr2State *s = opaque;
+    int i;
+
+    switch (dcrn) {
+    case SDRAM_R0BAS:
+    case SDRAM_R1BAS:
+    case SDRAM_R2BAS:
+    case SDRAM_R3BAS:
+    case SDRAM_CONF1HB:
+    case SDRAM_CONF1LL:
+    case SDRAM_CONFPATHB:
+    case SDRAM_PLBADDULL:
+    case SDRAM_PLBADDUHB:
+        break;
+    case SDRAM0_CFGADDR:
+        s->addr = val;
+        break;
+    case SDRAM0_CFGDATA:
+        switch (s->addr) {
+        case 0x00: /* B0CR */
+            break;
+        case 0x21: /* SDRAM_MCOPT2 */
+            if (!(s->mcopt2 & SDRAM_DDR2_MCOPT2_DCEN) &&
+                (val & SDRAM_DDR2_MCOPT2_DCEN)) {
+                trace_ppc4xx_sdram_enable("enable");
+                /* validate all RAM mappings */
+                for (i = 0; i < s->nbanks; i++) {
+                    if (s->bank[i].size) {
+                        sdram_bank_set_bcr(&s->bank[i], s->bank[i].bcr,
+                                           s->bank[i].base, s->bank[i].size,
+                                           1);
+                    }
+                }
+                s->mcopt2 |= SDRAM_DDR2_MCOPT2_DCEN;
+            } else if ((s->mcopt2 & SDRAM_DDR2_MCOPT2_DCEN) &&
+                       !(val & SDRAM_DDR2_MCOPT2_DCEN)) {
+                trace_ppc4xx_sdram_enable("disable");
+                /* invalidate all RAM mappings */
+                for (i = 0; i < s->nbanks; i++) {
+                    if (s->bank[i].size) {
+                        sdram_bank_set_bcr(&s->bank[i], s->bank[i].bcr,
+                                           s->bank[i].base, s->bank[i].size,
+                                           0);
+                    }
+                }
+                s->mcopt2 &= ~SDRAM_DDR2_MCOPT2_DCEN;
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+static void ppc4xx_sdram_ddr2_reset(DeviceState *dev)
+{
+    Ppc4xxSdramDdr2State *s = PPC4xx_SDRAM_DDR2(dev);
+
+    s->addr = 0;
+    s->mcopt2 = 0;
+}
+
+static void ppc4xx_sdram_ddr2_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
+{
+    Ppc4xxSdramDdr2State *s = PPC4xx_SDRAM_DDR2(dev);
+    Ppc4xxDcrDeviceState *dcr = PPC4xx_DCR_DEVICE(dev);
+    /*
+     * SoC also has 4 GiB but that causes problem with 32 bit
+     * builds (4*GiB overflows the 32 bit ram_addr_t).
+     */
+    const ram_addr_t valid_bank_sizes[] = {
+        2 * GiB, 1 * GiB, 512 * MiB, 256 * MiB, 128 * MiB,
+        64 * MiB, 32 * MiB, 16 * MiB, 8 * MiB, 0
+    };
+    int i;
+
+    if (s->nbanks < 1 || s->nbanks > 4) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Invalid number of RAM banks");
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!s->dram_mr) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Missing dram memory region");
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!ppc4xx_sdram_banks(s->dram_mr, s->nbanks, s->bank,
+                            valid_bank_sizes, errp)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < s->nbanks; i++) {
+        if (s->bank[i].size) {
+            s->bank[i].bcr = sdram_ddr2_bcr(s->bank[i].base, s->bank[i].size);
+            s->bank[i].bcr &= SDRAM_DDR2_BCR_MASK;
+            sdram_bank_set_bcr(&s->bank[i], s->bank[i].bcr,
+                               s->bank[i].base, s->bank[i].size, 0);
+        } else {
+            sdram_bank_set_bcr(&s->bank[i], 0, 0, 0, 0);
+        }
+        trace_ppc4xx_sdram_init(sdram_ddr2_base(s->bank[i].bcr),
+                                sdram_ddr2_size(s->bank[i].bcr),
+                                s->bank[i].bcr);
+    }
+
+    ppc4xx_dcr_register(dcr, SDRAM0_CFGADDR,
+                        s, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_read, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_write);
+    ppc4xx_dcr_register(dcr, SDRAM0_CFGDATA,
+                        s, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_read, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_write);
+
+    ppc4xx_dcr_register(dcr, SDRAM_R0BAS,
+                        s, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_read, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_write);
+    ppc4xx_dcr_register(dcr, SDRAM_R1BAS,
+                        s, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_read, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_write);
+    ppc4xx_dcr_register(dcr, SDRAM_R2BAS,
+                        s, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_read, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_write);
+    ppc4xx_dcr_register(dcr, SDRAM_R3BAS,
+                        s, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_read, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_write);
+    ppc4xx_dcr_register(dcr, SDRAM_CONF1HB,
+                        s, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_read, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_write);
+    ppc4xx_dcr_register(dcr, SDRAM_PLBADDULL,
+                        s, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_read, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_write);
+    ppc4xx_dcr_register(dcr, SDRAM_CONF1LL,
+                        s, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_read, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_write);
+    ppc4xx_dcr_register(dcr, SDRAM_CONFPATHB,
+                        s, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_read, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_write);
+    ppc4xx_dcr_register(dcr, SDRAM_PLBADDUHB,
+                        s, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_read, &sdram_ddr2_dcr_write);
+}
+
+static Property ppc4xx_sdram_ddr2_props[] = {
+    DEFINE_PROP_LINK("dram", Ppc4xxSdramDdr2State, dram_mr, TYPE_MEMORY_REGION,
+                     MemoryRegion *),
+    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("nbanks", Ppc4xxSdramDdr2State, nbanks, 4),
+    DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
+};
+
+static void ppc4xx_sdram_ddr2_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
+{
+    DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(oc);
+
+    dc->realize = ppc4xx_sdram_ddr2_realize;
+    dc->reset = ppc4xx_sdram_ddr2_reset;
+    /* Reason: only works as function of a ppc4xx SoC */
+    dc->user_creatable = false;
+    device_class_set_props(dc, ppc4xx_sdram_ddr2_props);
+}
+
+void ppc4xx_sdram_ddr2_enable(Ppc4xxSdramDdr2State *s)
+{
+    sdram_ddr2_dcr_write(s, SDRAM0_CFGADDR, 0x21);
+    sdram_ddr2_dcr_write(s, SDRAM0_CFGDATA, 0x08000000);
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo ppc4xx_sdram_types[] = {
+    {
+        .name           = TYPE_PPC4xx_SDRAM_DDR,
+        .parent         = TYPE_PPC4xx_DCR_DEVICE,
+        .instance_size  = sizeof(Ppc4xxSdramDdrState),
+        .class_init     = ppc4xx_sdram_ddr_class_init,
+    }, {
+        .name           = TYPE_PPC4xx_SDRAM_DDR2,
+        .parent         = TYPE_PPC4xx_DCR_DEVICE,
+        .instance_size  = sizeof(Ppc4xxSdramDdr2State),
+        .class_init     = ppc4xx_sdram_ddr2_class_init,
+    }
+};
+
+DEFINE_TYPES(ppc4xx_sdram_types)
diff --git a/hw/ppc/spapr.c b/hw/ppc/spapr.c
index f79ac85ca1..66b414d2e9 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/spapr.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/spapr.c
@@ -1623,7 +1623,7 @@ void spapr_check_mmu_mode(bool guest_radix)
     }
 }
 
-static void spapr_machine_reset(MachineState *machine)
+static void spapr_machine_reset(MachineState *machine, ShutdownCause reason)
 {
     SpaprMachineState *spapr = SPAPR_MACHINE(machine);
     PowerPCCPU *first_ppc_cpu;
@@ -1649,7 +1649,7 @@ static void spapr_machine_reset(MachineState *machine)
         spapr_setup_hpt(spapr);
     }
 
-    qemu_devices_reset();
+    qemu_devices_reset(reason);
 
     spapr_ovec_cleanup(spapr->ov5_cas);
     spapr->ov5_cas = spapr_ovec_new();
diff --git a/hw/ppc/spapr_hcall.c b/hw/ppc/spapr_hcall.c
index 891206e893..925ff523cc 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/spapr_hcall.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/spapr_hcall.c
@@ -490,6 +490,7 @@ static target_ulong h_cede(PowerPCCPU *cpu, SpaprMachineState *spapr,
 
     env->msr |= (1ULL << MSR_EE);
     hreg_compute_hflags(env);
+    ppc_maybe_interrupt(env);
 
     if (spapr_cpu->prod) {
         spapr_cpu->prod = false;
@@ -500,6 +501,7 @@ static target_ulong h_cede(PowerPCCPU *cpu, SpaprMachineState *spapr,
         cs->halted = 1;
         cs->exception_index = EXCP_HLT;
         cs->exit_request = 1;
+        ppc_maybe_interrupt(env);
     }
 
     return H_SUCCESS;
@@ -521,6 +523,7 @@ static target_ulong h_confer_self(PowerPCCPU *cpu)
     cs->halted = 1;
     cs->exception_index = EXCP_HALTED;
     cs->exit_request = 1;
+    ppc_maybe_interrupt(&cpu->env);
 
     return H_SUCCESS;
 }
@@ -633,6 +636,7 @@ static target_ulong h_prod(PowerPCCPU *cpu, SpaprMachineState *spapr,
     spapr_cpu = spapr_cpu_state(tcpu);
     spapr_cpu->prod = true;
     cs->halted = 0;
+    ppc_maybe_interrupt(&cpu->env);
     qemu_cpu_kick(cs);
 
     return H_SUCCESS;
@@ -1669,6 +1673,7 @@ static target_ulong h_enter_nested(PowerPCCPU *cpu,
     spapr_cpu->in_nested = true;
 
     hreg_compute_hflags(env);
+    ppc_maybe_interrupt(env);
     tlb_flush(cs);
     env->reserve_addr = -1; /* Reset the reservation */
 
@@ -1810,6 +1815,7 @@ out_restore_l1:
     spapr_cpu->in_nested = false;
 
     hreg_compute_hflags(env);
+    ppc_maybe_interrupt(env);
     tlb_flush(cs);
     env->reserve_addr = -1; /* Reset the reservation */
 
diff --git a/hw/ppc/spapr_rtas.c b/hw/ppc/spapr_rtas.c
index d58b65e88f..3f664ea02c 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/spapr_rtas.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/spapr_rtas.c
@@ -214,9 +214,9 @@ static void rtas_stop_self(PowerPCCPU *cpu, SpaprMachineState *spapr,
      * guest.
      * For the same reason, set PSSCR_EC.
      */
-    ppc_store_lpcr(cpu, env->spr[SPR_LPCR] & ~pcc->lpcr_pm);
     env->spr[SPR_PSSCR] |= PSSCR_EC;
     cs->halted = 1;
+    ppc_store_lpcr(cpu, env->spr[SPR_LPCR] & ~pcc->lpcr_pm);
     kvmppc_set_reg_ppc_online(cpu, 0);
     qemu_cpu_kick(cs);
 }
diff --git a/hw/ppc/trace-events b/hw/ppc/trace-events
index a07d5aca0f..f670e8906c 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/trace-events
+++ b/hw/ppc/trace-events
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ ppc40x_set_tb_clk(uint32_t value) "new frequency %" PRIu32
 ppc40x_timers_init(uint32_t value) "frequency %" PRIu32
 
 ppc_irq_set(void *env, uint32_t pin, uint32_t level) "env [%p] pin %d level %d"
-ppc_irq_set_exit(void *env, uint32_t n_IRQ, uint32_t level, uint32_t pending, uint32_t request) "env [%p] n_IRQ %d level %d => pending 0x%08" PRIx32 " req 0x%08" PRIx32
+ppc_irq_set_exit(void *env, uint32_t irq, uint32_t level, uint32_t pending, uint32_t request) "env [%p] irq 0x%05" PRIx32 " level %d => pending 0x%08" PRIx32 " req 0x%08" PRIx32
 ppc_irq_set_state(const char *name, uint32_t level) "\"%s\" level %d"
 ppc_irq_reset(const char *name) "%s"
 ppc_irq_cpu(const char *action) "%s"
@@ -179,3 +179,4 @@ ppc405ep_clocks_setup(const char *trace) "%s"
 ppc4xx_sdram_enable(const char *trace) "%s SDRAM controller"
 ppc4xx_sdram_unmap(uint64_t addr, uint64_t size) "Unmap RAM area 0x%" PRIx64 " size 0x%" PRIx64
 ppc4xx_sdram_map(uint64_t addr, uint64_t size) "Map RAM area 0x%" PRIx64 " size 0x%" PRIx64
+ppc4xx_sdram_init(uint64_t base, uint64_t size, uint32_t bcr) "Init RAM area 0x%" PRIx64 " size 0x%" PRIx64 " bcr 0x%x"
diff --git a/hw/riscv/boot.c b/hw/riscv/boot.c
index e82bf27338..ebd351c840 100644
--- a/hw/riscv/boot.c
+++ b/hw/riscv/boot.c
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include "sysemu/device_tree.h"
 #include "sysemu/qtest.h"
 #include "sysemu/kvm.h"
+#include "sysemu/reset.h"
 
 #include <libfdt.h>
 
@@ -241,6 +242,8 @@ uint64_t riscv_load_fdt(hwaddr dram_base, uint64_t mem_size, void *fdt)
 
     rom_add_blob_fixed_as("fdt", fdt, fdtsize, fdt_addr,
                           &address_space_memory);
+    qemu_register_reset_nosnapshotload(qemu_fdt_randomize_seeds,
+                        rom_ptr_for_as(&address_space_memory, fdt_addr, fdtsize));
 
     return fdt_addr;
 }
diff --git a/hw/rx/rx-gdbsim.c b/hw/rx/rx-gdbsim.c
index 8ffe1b8035..47c17026c7 100644
--- a/hw/rx/rx-gdbsim.c
+++ b/hw/rx/rx-gdbsim.c
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "hw/rx/rx62n.h"
 #include "sysemu/qtest.h"
 #include "sysemu/device_tree.h"
+#include "sysemu/reset.h"
 #include "hw/boards.h"
 #include "qom/object.h"
 
@@ -148,6 +149,8 @@ static void rx_gdbsim_init(MachineState *machine)
             dtb_offset = ROUND_DOWN(machine->ram_size - dtb_size, 16);
             rom_add_blob_fixed("dtb", dtb, dtb_size,
                                SDRAM_BASE + dtb_offset);
+            qemu_register_reset_nosnapshotload(qemu_fdt_randomize_seeds,
+                                rom_ptr(SDRAM_BASE + dtb_offset, dtb_size));
             /* Set dtb address to R1 */
             RX_CPU(first_cpu)->env.regs[1] = SDRAM_BASE + dtb_offset;
         }
diff --git a/hw/s390x/pv.c b/hw/s390x/pv.c
index 728ba24547..8dfe92d8df 100644
--- a/hw/s390x/pv.c
+++ b/hw/s390x/pv.c
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ static int __s390_pv_cmd(uint32_t cmd, const char *cmdname, void *data)
  * This macro lets us pass the command as a string to the function so
  * we can print it on an error.
  */
-#define s390_pv_cmd(cmd, data) __s390_pv_cmd(cmd, #cmd, data);
+#define s390_pv_cmd(cmd, data) __s390_pv_cmd(cmd, #cmd, data)
 #define s390_pv_cmd_exit(cmd, data)    \
 {                                      \
     int rc;                            \
diff --git a/hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c b/hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c
index 1cc20d8717..806de32034 100644
--- a/hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c
+++ b/hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ static void s390_pv_prepare_reset(S390CcwMachineState *ms)
     s390_pv_prep_reset();
 }
 
-static void s390_machine_reset(MachineState *machine)
+static void s390_machine_reset(MachineState *machine, ShutdownCause reason)
 {
     S390CcwMachineState *ms = S390_CCW_MACHINE(machine);
     enum s390_reset reset_type;
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ static void s390_machine_reset(MachineState *machine)
             s390_machine_unprotect(ms);
         }
 
-        qemu_devices_reset();
+        qemu_devices_reset(reason);
         s390_crypto_reset();
 
         /* configure and start the ipl CPU only */
diff --git a/hw/s390x/tod-kvm.c b/hw/s390x/tod-kvm.c
index 9d0cbfbce2..e2202dae2d 100644
--- a/hw/s390x/tod-kvm.c
+++ b/hw/s390x/tod-kvm.c
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "qemu/module.h"
 #include "sysemu/runstate.h"
 #include "hw/s390x/tod.h"
+#include "hw/s390x/pv.h"
 #include "kvm/kvm_s390x.h"
 
 static void kvm_s390_get_tod_raw(S390TOD *tod, Error **errp)
@@ -84,6 +85,14 @@ static void kvm_s390_tod_vm_state_change(void *opaque, bool running,
     S390TODState *td = opaque;
     Error *local_err = NULL;
 
+    /*
+     * Under PV, the clock is under ultravisor control, hence we cannot restore
+     * it on resume.
+     */
+    if (s390_is_pv()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     if (running && td->stopped) {
         /* Set the old TOD when running the VM - start the TOD clock. */
         kvm_s390_set_tod_raw(&td->base, &local_err);
diff --git a/hw/sd/sdhci-internal.h b/hw/sd/sdhci-internal.h
index e8c753d6d1..964570f8e8 100644
--- a/hw/sd/sdhci-internal.h
+++ b/hw/sd/sdhci-internal.h
@@ -288,26 +288,6 @@ enum {
 
 extern const VMStateDescription sdhci_vmstate;
 
-
-#define ESDHC_MIX_CTRL                  0x48
-
-#define ESDHC_VENDOR_SPEC               0xc0
-#define ESDHC_IMX_FRC_SDCLK_ON          (1 << 8)
-
-#define ESDHC_DLL_CTRL                  0x60
-
-#define ESDHC_TUNING_CTRL               0xcc
-#define ESDHC_TUNE_CTRL_STATUS          0x68
-#define ESDHC_WTMK_LVL                  0x44
-
-/* Undocumented register used by guests working around erratum ERR004536 */
-#define ESDHC_UNDOCUMENTED_REG27        0x6c
-
-#define ESDHC_CTRL_4BITBUS              (0x1 << 1)
-#define ESDHC_CTRL_8BITBUS              (0x2 << 1)
-
-#define ESDHC_PRNSTS_SDSTB              (1 << 3)
-
 /*
  * Default SD/MMC host controller features information, which will be
  * presented in CAPABILITIES register of generic SD host controller at reset.
diff --git a/hw/sd/sdhci.c b/hw/sd/sdhci.c
index 0e5e988927..306070c872 100644
--- a/hw/sd/sdhci.c
+++ b/hw/sd/sdhci.c
@@ -1577,6 +1577,25 @@ static const TypeInfo sdhci_bus_info = {
 
 /* --- qdev i.MX eSDHC --- */
 
+#define USDHC_MIX_CTRL                  0x48
+
+#define USDHC_VENDOR_SPEC               0xc0
+#define USDHC_IMX_FRC_SDCLK_ON          (1 << 8)
+
+#define USDHC_DLL_CTRL                  0x60
+
+#define USDHC_TUNING_CTRL               0xcc
+#define USDHC_TUNE_CTRL_STATUS          0x68
+#define USDHC_WTMK_LVL                  0x44
+
+/* Undocumented register used by guests working around erratum ERR004536 */
+#define USDHC_UNDOCUMENTED_REG27        0x6c
+
+#define USDHC_CTRL_4BITBUS              (0x1 << 1)
+#define USDHC_CTRL_8BITBUS              (0x2 << 1)
+
+#define USDHC_PRNSTS_SDSTB              (1 << 3)
+
 static uint64_t usdhc_read(void *opaque, hwaddr offset, unsigned size)
 {
     SDHCIState *s = SYSBUS_SDHCI(opaque);
@@ -1596,11 +1615,11 @@ static uint64_t usdhc_read(void *opaque, hwaddr offset, unsigned size)
         hostctl1 = SDHC_DMA_TYPE(s->hostctl1) << (8 - 3);
 
         if (s->hostctl1 & SDHC_CTRL_8BITBUS) {
-            hostctl1 |= ESDHC_CTRL_8BITBUS;
+            hostctl1 |= USDHC_CTRL_8BITBUS;
         }
 
         if (s->hostctl1 & SDHC_CTRL_4BITBUS) {
-            hostctl1 |= ESDHC_CTRL_4BITBUS;
+            hostctl1 |= USDHC_CTRL_4BITBUS;
         }
 
         ret  = hostctl1;
@@ -1611,21 +1630,21 @@ static uint64_t usdhc_read(void *opaque, hwaddr offset, unsigned size)
 
     case SDHC_PRNSTS:
         /* Add SDSTB (SD Clock Stable) bit to PRNSTS */
-        ret = sdhci_read(opaque, offset, size) & ~ESDHC_PRNSTS_SDSTB;
+        ret = sdhci_read(opaque, offset, size) & ~USDHC_PRNSTS_SDSTB;
         if (s->clkcon & SDHC_CLOCK_INT_STABLE) {
-            ret |= ESDHC_PRNSTS_SDSTB;
+            ret |= USDHC_PRNSTS_SDSTB;
         }
         break;
 
-    case ESDHC_VENDOR_SPEC:
+    case USDHC_VENDOR_SPEC:
         ret = s->vendor_spec;
         break;
-    case ESDHC_DLL_CTRL:
-    case ESDHC_TUNE_CTRL_STATUS:
-    case ESDHC_UNDOCUMENTED_REG27:
-    case ESDHC_TUNING_CTRL:
-    case ESDHC_MIX_CTRL:
-    case ESDHC_WTMK_LVL:
+    case USDHC_DLL_CTRL:
+    case USDHC_TUNE_CTRL_STATUS:
+    case USDHC_UNDOCUMENTED_REG27:
+    case USDHC_TUNING_CTRL:
+    case USDHC_MIX_CTRL:
+    case USDHC_WTMK_LVL:
         ret = 0;
         break;
     }
@@ -1641,18 +1660,18 @@ usdhc_write(void *opaque, hwaddr offset, uint64_t val, unsigned size)
     uint32_t value = (uint32_t)val;
 
     switch (offset) {
-    case ESDHC_DLL_CTRL:
-    case ESDHC_TUNE_CTRL_STATUS:
-    case ESDHC_UNDOCUMENTED_REG27:
-    case ESDHC_TUNING_CTRL:
-    case ESDHC_WTMK_LVL:
+    case USDHC_DLL_CTRL:
+    case USDHC_TUNE_CTRL_STATUS:
+    case USDHC_UNDOCUMENTED_REG27:
+    case USDHC_TUNING_CTRL:
+    case USDHC_WTMK_LVL:
         break;
 
-    case ESDHC_VENDOR_SPEC:
+    case USDHC_VENDOR_SPEC:
         s->vendor_spec = value;
         switch (s->vendor) {
         case SDHCI_VENDOR_IMX:
-            if (value & ESDHC_IMX_FRC_SDCLK_ON) {
+            if (value & USDHC_IMX_FRC_SDCLK_ON) {
                 s->prnsts &= ~SDHC_IMX_CLOCK_GATE_OFF;
             } else {
                 s->prnsts |= SDHC_IMX_CLOCK_GATE_OFF;
@@ -1721,12 +1740,12 @@ usdhc_write(void *opaque, hwaddr offset, uint64_t val, unsigned size)
          * Second, split "Data Transfer Width" from bits 2 and 1 in to
          * bits 5 and 1
          */
-        if (value & ESDHC_CTRL_8BITBUS) {
+        if (value & USDHC_CTRL_8BITBUS) {
             hostctl1 |= SDHC_CTRL_8BITBUS;
         }
 
-        if (value & ESDHC_CTRL_4BITBUS) {
-            hostctl1 |= ESDHC_CTRL_4BITBUS;
+        if (value & USDHC_CTRL_4BITBUS) {
+            hostctl1 |= USDHC_CTRL_4BITBUS;
         }
 
         /*
@@ -1749,7 +1768,7 @@ usdhc_write(void *opaque, hwaddr offset, uint64_t val, unsigned size)
         sdhci_write(opaque, offset, value, size);
         break;
 
-    case ESDHC_MIX_CTRL:
+    case USDHC_MIX_CTRL:
         /*
          * So, when SD/MMC stack in Linux tries to write to "Transfer
          * Mode Register", ESDHC i.MX quirk code will translate it
diff --git a/hw/timer/imx_epit.c b/hw/timer/imx_epit.c
index 2bf8c754b2..ec0fa440d7 100644
--- a/hw/timer/imx_epit.c
+++ b/hw/timer/imx_epit.c
@@ -275,10 +275,15 @@ static void imx_epit_write(void *opaque, hwaddr offset, uint64_t value,
             /* If IOVW bit is set then set the timer value */
             ptimer_set_count(s->timer_reload, s->lr);
         }
-
+        /*
+         * Commit the change to s->timer_reload, so it can propagate. Otherwise
+         * the timer interrupt may not fire properly. The commit must happen
+         * before calling imx_epit_reload_compare_timer(), which reads
+         * s->timer_reload internally again.
+         */
+        ptimer_transaction_commit(s->timer_reload);
         imx_epit_reload_compare_timer(s);
         ptimer_transaction_commit(s->timer_cmp);
-        ptimer_transaction_commit(s->timer_reload);
         break;
 
     case 3: /* CMP */
diff --git a/hw/virtio/vhost-shadow-virtqueue.c b/hw/virtio/vhost-shadow-virtqueue.c
index 596d4434d2..5bd14cad96 100644
--- a/hw/virtio/vhost-shadow-virtqueue.c
+++ b/hw/virtio/vhost-shadow-virtqueue.c
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ bool vhost_svq_valid_features(uint64_t features, Error **errp)
          ++b) {
         switch (b) {
         case VIRTIO_F_ANY_LAYOUT:
+        case VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX:
             continue;
 
         case VIRTIO_F_ACCESS_PLATFORM:
@@ -218,12 +219,22 @@ static bool vhost_svq_add_split(VhostShadowVirtqueue *svq,
 
 static void vhost_svq_kick(VhostShadowVirtqueue *svq)
 {
+    bool needs_kick;
+
     /*
      * We need to expose the available array entries before checking the used
      * flags
      */
     smp_mb();
-    if (svq->vring.used->flags & VRING_USED_F_NO_NOTIFY) {
+
+    if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(svq->vdev, VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX)) {
+        uint16_t avail_event = *(uint16_t *)(&svq->vring.used->ring[svq->vring.num]);
+        needs_kick = vring_need_event(avail_event, svq->shadow_avail_idx, svq->shadow_avail_idx - 1);
+    } else {
+        needs_kick = !(svq->vring.used->flags & VRING_USED_F_NO_NOTIFY);
+    }
+
+    if (!needs_kick) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -369,15 +380,27 @@ static bool vhost_svq_more_used(VhostShadowVirtqueue *svq)
  */
 static bool vhost_svq_enable_notification(VhostShadowVirtqueue *svq)
 {
-    svq->vring.avail->flags &= ~cpu_to_le16(VRING_AVAIL_F_NO_INTERRUPT);
-    /* Make sure the flag is written before the read of used_idx */
+    if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(svq->vdev, VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX)) {
+        uint16_t *used_event = (uint16_t *)&svq->vring.avail->ring[svq->vring.num];
+        *used_event = svq->shadow_used_idx;
+    } else {
+        svq->vring.avail->flags &= ~cpu_to_le16(VRING_AVAIL_F_NO_INTERRUPT);
+    }
+
+    /* Make sure the event is enabled before the read of used_idx */
     smp_mb();
     return !vhost_svq_more_used(svq);
 }
 
 static void vhost_svq_disable_notification(VhostShadowVirtqueue *svq)
 {
-    svq->vring.avail->flags |= cpu_to_le16(VRING_AVAIL_F_NO_INTERRUPT);
+    /*
+     * No need to disable notification in the event idx case, since used event
+     * index is already an index too far away.
+     */
+    if (!virtio_vdev_has_feature(svq->vdev, VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX)) {
+        svq->vring.avail->flags |= cpu_to_le16(VRING_AVAIL_F_NO_INTERRUPT);
+    }
 }
 
 static uint16_t vhost_svq_last_desc_of_chain(const VhostShadowVirtqueue *svq,
@@ -570,16 +593,16 @@ void vhost_svq_get_vring_addr(const VhostShadowVirtqueue *svq,
 size_t vhost_svq_driver_area_size(const VhostShadowVirtqueue *svq)
 {
     size_t desc_size = sizeof(vring_desc_t) * svq->vring.num;
-    size_t avail_size = offsetof(vring_avail_t, ring) +
-                                             sizeof(uint16_t) * svq->vring.num;
+    size_t avail_size = offsetof(vring_avail_t, ring[svq->vring.num]) +
+                                                              sizeof(uint16_t);
 
     return ROUND_UP(desc_size + avail_size, qemu_real_host_page_size());
 }
 
 size_t vhost_svq_device_area_size(const VhostShadowVirtqueue *svq)
 {
-    size_t used_size = offsetof(vring_used_t, ring) +
-                                    sizeof(vring_used_elem_t) * svq->vring.num;
+    size_t used_size = offsetof(vring_used_t, ring[svq->vring.num]) +
+                                                              sizeof(uint16_t);
     return ROUND_UP(used_size, qemu_real_host_page_size());
 }
 
diff --git a/hw/virtio/virtio-mem.c b/hw/virtio/virtio-mem.c
index 30d03e987a..ed170def48 100644
--- a/hw/virtio/virtio-mem.c
+++ b/hw/virtio/virtio-mem.c
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ static int virtio_mem_set_block_state(VirtIOMEM *vmem, uint64_t start_gpa,
             int fd = memory_region_get_fd(&vmem->memdev->mr);
             Error *local_err = NULL;
 
-            os_mem_prealloc(fd, area, size, 1, &local_err);
+            qemu_prealloc_mem(fd, area, size, 1, NULL, &local_err);
             if (local_err) {
                 static bool warned;