summary refs log tree commit diff stats
path: root/hw
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
Diffstat (limited to 'hw')
-rw-r--r--hw/Makefile.objs1
-rw-r--r--hw/arm/boot.c98
-rw-r--r--hw/arm/exynos4210.c11
-rw-r--r--hw/arm/highbank.c12
-rw-r--r--hw/arm/integratorcp.c31
-rw-r--r--hw/arm/nseries.c2
-rw-r--r--hw/arm/pxa2xx.c4
-rw-r--r--hw/arm/realview.c14
-rw-r--r--hw/arm/versatilepb.c34
-rw-r--r--hw/arm/vexpress.c141
-rw-r--r--hw/arm/virt.c97
-rw-r--r--hw/arm/xilinx_zynq.c12
-rw-r--r--hw/char/serial.c13
-rw-r--r--hw/char/virtio-serial-bus.c45
-rw-r--r--hw/core/loader.c30
-rw-r--r--hw/core/machine.c50
-rw-r--r--hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c82
-rw-r--r--hw/i386/pc.c33
-rw-r--r--hw/i386/pc_piix.c2
-rw-r--r--hw/i386/pc_q35.c2
-rw-r--r--hw/input/milkymist-softusb.c19
-rw-r--r--hw/input/pckbd.c10
-rw-r--r--hw/misc/Makefile.objs1
-rw-r--r--hw/net/e1000.c21
-rw-r--r--hw/nvram/fw_cfg.c250
-rw-r--r--hw/ppc/mac_newworld.c38
-rw-r--r--hw/ppc/mac_oldworld.c9
-rw-r--r--hw/ppc/prep.c2
-rw-r--r--hw/ppc/spapr.c6
-rw-r--r--hw/ppc/spapr_pci_vfio.c2
-rw-r--r--hw/sparc/sun4m.c6
-rw-r--r--hw/sparc64/sun4u.c6
-rw-r--r--hw/vfio/Makefile.objs4
-rw-r--r--hw/vfio/common.c959
-rw-r--r--hw/vfio/pci.c (renamed from hw/misc/vfio.c)1723
-rw-r--r--hw/virtio/virtio-rng.c2
36 files changed, 2158 insertions, 1614 deletions
diff --git a/hw/Makefile.objs b/hw/Makefile.objs
index 52a1464051..73afa41b32 100644
--- a/hw/Makefile.objs
+++ b/hw/Makefile.objs
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ devices-dirs-$(CONFIG_SOFTMMU) += ssi/
 devices-dirs-$(CONFIG_SOFTMMU) += timer/
 devices-dirs-$(CONFIG_TPM) += tpm/
 devices-dirs-$(CONFIG_SOFTMMU) += usb/
+devices-dirs-$(CONFIG_SOFTMMU) += vfio/
 devices-dirs-$(CONFIG_VIRTIO) += virtio/
 devices-dirs-$(CONFIG_SOFTMMU) += watchdog/
 devices-dirs-$(CONFIG_SOFTMMU) += xen/
diff --git a/hw/arm/boot.c b/hw/arm/boot.c
index e6a3c5bcfb..52ebd8be9b 100644
--- a/hw/arm/boot.c
+++ b/hw/arm/boot.c
@@ -457,6 +457,16 @@ static void do_cpu_reset(void *opaque)
                 env->thumb = info->entry & 1;
             }
         } else {
+            /* If we are booting Linux then we need to check whether we are
+             * booting into secure or non-secure state and adjust the state
+             * accordingly.  Out of reset, ARM is defined to be in secure state
+             * (SCR.NS = 0), we change that here if non-secure boot has been
+             * requested.
+             */
+            if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL3) && !info->secure_boot) {
+                env->cp15.scr_el3 |= SCR_NS;
+            }
+
             if (CPU(cpu) == first_cpu) {
                 if (env->aarch64) {
                     env->pc = info->loader_start;
@@ -478,6 +488,55 @@ static void do_cpu_reset(void *opaque)
     }
 }
 
+/**
+ * load_image_to_fw_cfg() - Load an image file into an fw_cfg entry identified
+ *                          by key.
+ * @fw_cfg:         The firmware config instance to store the data in.
+ * @size_key:       The firmware config key to store the size of the loaded
+ *                  data under, with fw_cfg_add_i32().
+ * @data_key:       The firmware config key to store the loaded data under,
+ *                  with fw_cfg_add_bytes().
+ * @image_name:     The name of the image file to load. If it is NULL, the
+ *                  function returns without doing anything.
+ * @try_decompress: Whether the image should be decompressed (gunzipped) before
+ *                  adding it to fw_cfg. If decompression fails, the image is
+ *                  loaded as-is.
+ *
+ * In case of failure, the function prints an error message to stderr and the
+ * process exits with status 1.
+ */
+static void load_image_to_fw_cfg(FWCfgState *fw_cfg, uint16_t size_key,
+                                 uint16_t data_key, const char *image_name,
+                                 bool try_decompress)
+{
+    size_t size = -1;
+    uint8_t *data;
+
+    if (image_name == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (try_decompress) {
+        size = load_image_gzipped_buffer(image_name,
+                                         LOAD_IMAGE_MAX_GUNZIP_BYTES, &data);
+    }
+
+    if (size == (size_t)-1) {
+        gchar *contents;
+        gsize length;
+
+        if (!g_file_get_contents(image_name, &contents, &length, NULL)) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "failed to load \"%s\"\n", image_name);
+            exit(1);
+        }
+        size = length;
+        data = (uint8_t *)contents;
+    }
+
+    fw_cfg_add_i32(fw_cfg, size_key, size);
+    fw_cfg_add_bytes(fw_cfg, data_key, data, size);
+}
+
 void arm_load_kernel(ARMCPU *cpu, struct arm_boot_info *info)
 {
     CPUState *cs;
@@ -500,19 +559,48 @@ void arm_load_kernel(ARMCPU *cpu, struct arm_boot_info *info)
     }
 
     /* Load the kernel.  */
-    if (!info->kernel_filename) {
+    if (!info->kernel_filename || info->firmware_loaded) {
 
         if (have_dtb(info)) {
-            /* If we have a device tree blob, but no kernel to supply it to,
-             * copy it to the base of RAM for a bootloader to pick up.
+            /* If we have a device tree blob, but no kernel to supply it to (or
+             * the kernel is supposed to be loaded by the bootloader), copy the
+             * DTB to the base of RAM for the bootloader to pick up.
              */
             if (load_dtb(info->loader_start, info, 0) < 0) {
                 exit(1);
             }
         }
 
-        /* If no kernel specified, do nothing; we will start from address 0
-         * (typically a boot ROM image) in the same way as hardware.
+        if (info->kernel_filename) {
+            FWCfgState *fw_cfg;
+            bool try_decompressing_kernel;
+
+            fw_cfg = fw_cfg_find();
+            try_decompressing_kernel = arm_feature(&cpu->env,
+                                                   ARM_FEATURE_AARCH64);
+
+            /* Expose the kernel, the command line, and the initrd in fw_cfg.
+             * We don't process them here at all, it's all left to the
+             * firmware.
+             */
+            load_image_to_fw_cfg(fw_cfg,
+                                 FW_CFG_KERNEL_SIZE, FW_CFG_KERNEL_DATA,
+                                 info->kernel_filename,
+                                 try_decompressing_kernel);
+            load_image_to_fw_cfg(fw_cfg,
+                                 FW_CFG_INITRD_SIZE, FW_CFG_INITRD_DATA,
+                                 info->initrd_filename, false);
+
+            if (info->kernel_cmdline) {
+                fw_cfg_add_i32(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_CMDLINE_SIZE,
+                               strlen(info->kernel_cmdline) + 1);
+                fw_cfg_add_string(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_CMDLINE_DATA,
+                                  info->kernel_cmdline);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* We will start from address 0 (typically a boot ROM image) in the
+         * same way as hardware.
          */
         return;
     }
diff --git a/hw/arm/exynos4210.c b/hw/arm/exynos4210.c
index 582794c19f..97dafca49a 100644
--- a/hw/arm/exynos4210.c
+++ b/hw/arm/exynos4210.c
@@ -152,6 +152,17 @@ Exynos4210State *exynos4210_init(MemoryRegion *system_mem,
         Object *cpuobj = object_new(object_class_get_name(cpu_oc));
         Error *err = NULL;
 
+        /* By default A9 CPUs have EL3 enabled.  This board does not currently
+         * support EL3 so the CPU EL3 property is disabled before realization.
+         */
+        if (object_property_find(cpuobj, "has_el3", NULL)) {
+            object_property_set_bool(cpuobj, false, "has_el3", &err);
+            if (err) {
+                error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(err));
+                exit(1);
+            }
+        }
+
         s->cpu[n] = ARM_CPU(cpuobj);
         object_property_set_int(cpuobj, EXYNOS4210_SMP_PRIVATE_BASE_ADDR,
                                 "reset-cbar", &error_abort);
diff --git a/hw/arm/highbank.c b/hw/arm/highbank.c
index 30f744a1bd..f67570a7ee 100644
--- a/hw/arm/highbank.c
+++ b/hw/arm/highbank.c
@@ -241,6 +241,18 @@ static void calxeda_init(MachineState *machine, enum cxmachines machine_id)
         cpuobj = object_new(object_class_get_name(oc));
         cpu = ARM_CPU(cpuobj);
 
+        /* By default A9 and A15 CPUs have EL3 enabled.  This board does not
+         * currently support EL3 so the CPU EL3 property is disabled before
+         * realization.
+         */
+        if (object_property_find(cpuobj, "has_el3", NULL)) {
+            object_property_set_bool(cpuobj, false, "has_el3", &err);
+            if (err) {
+                error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(err));
+                exit(1);
+            }
+        }
+
         if (object_property_find(cpuobj, "reset-cbar", NULL)) {
             object_property_set_int(cpuobj, MPCORE_PERIPHBASE,
                                     "reset-cbar", &error_abort);
diff --git a/hw/arm/integratorcp.c b/hw/arm/integratorcp.c
index 266ec18fb3..8c48b68a34 100644
--- a/hw/arm/integratorcp.c
+++ b/hw/arm/integratorcp.c
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "net/net.h"
 #include "exec/address-spaces.h"
 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
+#include "qemu/error-report.h"
 
 #define TYPE_INTEGRATOR_CM "integrator_core"
 #define INTEGRATOR_CM(obj) \
@@ -469,6 +470,8 @@ static void integratorcp_init(MachineState *machine)
     const char *kernel_filename = machine->kernel_filename;
     const char *kernel_cmdline = machine->kernel_cmdline;
     const char *initrd_filename = machine->initrd_filename;
+    ObjectClass *cpu_oc;
+    Object *cpuobj;
     ARMCPU *cpu;
     MemoryRegion *address_space_mem = get_system_memory();
     MemoryRegion *ram = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
@@ -476,16 +479,40 @@ static void integratorcp_init(MachineState *machine)
     qemu_irq pic[32];
     DeviceState *dev;
     int i;
+    Error *err = NULL;
 
     if (!cpu_model) {
         cpu_model = "arm926";
     }
-    cpu = cpu_arm_init(cpu_model);
-    if (!cpu) {
+
+    cpu_oc = cpu_class_by_name(TYPE_ARM_CPU, cpu_model);
+    if (!cpu_oc) {
         fprintf(stderr, "Unable to find CPU definition\n");
         exit(1);
     }
 
+    cpuobj = object_new(object_class_get_name(cpu_oc));
+
+    /* By default ARM1176 CPUs have EL3 enabled.  This board does not
+     * currently support EL3 so the CPU EL3 property is disabled before
+     * realization.
+     */
+    if (object_property_find(cpuobj, "has_el3", NULL)) {
+        object_property_set_bool(cpuobj, false, "has_el3", &err);
+        if (err) {
+            error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(err));
+            exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    object_property_set_bool(cpuobj, true, "realized", &err);
+    if (err) {
+        error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(err));
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    cpu = ARM_CPU(cpuobj);
+
     memory_region_init_ram(ram, NULL, "integrator.ram", ram_size, &error_abort);
     vmstate_register_ram_global(ram);
     /* ??? On a real system the first 1Mb is mapped as SSRAM or boot flash.  */
diff --git a/hw/arm/nseries.c b/hw/arm/nseries.c
index c7ebaa6abc..4d7be5e740 100644
--- a/hw/arm/nseries.c
+++ b/hw/arm/nseries.c
@@ -1344,7 +1344,7 @@ static void n8x0_init(MachineState *machine,
     n8x0_dss_setup(s);
     n8x0_cbus_setup(s);
     n8x0_uart_setup(s);
-    if (usb_enabled(false)) {
+    if (usb_enabled()) {
         n8x0_usb_setup(s);
     }
 
diff --git a/hw/arm/pxa2xx.c b/hw/arm/pxa2xx.c
index 8967cc4e0b..165ba2a169 100644
--- a/hw/arm/pxa2xx.c
+++ b/hw/arm/pxa2xx.c
@@ -2143,7 +2143,7 @@ PXA2xxState *pxa270_init(MemoryRegion *address_space,
         s->ssp[i] = (SSIBus *)qdev_get_child_bus(dev, "ssi");
     }
 
-    if (usb_enabled(false)) {
+    if (usb_enabled()) {
         sysbus_create_simple("sysbus-ohci", 0x4c000000,
                         qdev_get_gpio_in(s->pic, PXA2XX_PIC_USBH1));
     }
@@ -2276,7 +2276,7 @@ PXA2xxState *pxa255_init(MemoryRegion *address_space, unsigned int sdram_size)
         s->ssp[i] = (SSIBus *)qdev_get_child_bus(dev, "ssi");
     }
 
-    if (usb_enabled(false)) {
+    if (usb_enabled()) {
         sysbus_create_simple("sysbus-ohci", 0x4c000000,
                         qdev_get_gpio_in(s->pic, PXA2XX_PIC_USBH1));
     }
diff --git a/hw/arm/realview.c b/hw/arm/realview.c
index d41ec97a23..50cb93d8ac 100644
--- a/hw/arm/realview.c
+++ b/hw/arm/realview.c
@@ -101,6 +101,18 @@ static void realview_init(MachineState *machine,
         Object *cpuobj = object_new(object_class_get_name(cpu_oc));
         Error *err = NULL;
 
+        /* By default A9,A15 and ARM1176 CPUs have EL3 enabled.  This board
+         * does not currently support EL3 so the CPU EL3 property is disabled
+         * before realization.
+         */
+        if (object_property_find(cpuobj, "has_el3", NULL)) {
+            object_property_set_bool(cpuobj, false, "has_el3", &err);
+            if (err) {
+                error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(err));
+                exit(1);
+            }
+        }
+
         if (is_pb && is_mpcore) {
             object_property_set_int(cpuobj, periphbase, "reset-cbar", &err);
             if (err) {
@@ -249,7 +261,7 @@ static void realview_init(MachineState *machine,
         sysbus_connect_irq(busdev, 2, pic[50]);
         sysbus_connect_irq(busdev, 3, pic[51]);
         pci_bus = (PCIBus *)qdev_get_child_bus(dev, "pci");
-        if (usb_enabled(false)) {
+        if (usb_enabled()) {
             pci_create_simple(pci_bus, -1, "pci-ohci");
         }
         n = drive_get_max_bus(IF_SCSI);
diff --git a/hw/arm/versatilepb.c b/hw/arm/versatilepb.c
index e6ef0a2e7e..b1dae77604 100644
--- a/hw/arm/versatilepb.c
+++ b/hw/arm/versatilepb.c
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
 #include "exec/address-spaces.h"
 #include "hw/block/flash.h"
+#include "qemu/error-report.h"
 
 #define VERSATILE_FLASH_ADDR 0x34000000
 #define VERSATILE_FLASH_SIZE (64 * 1024 * 1024)
@@ -175,6 +176,8 @@ static struct arm_boot_info versatile_binfo;
 
 static void versatile_init(MachineState *machine, int board_id)
 {
+    ObjectClass *cpu_oc;
+    Object *cpuobj;
     ARMCPU *cpu;
     MemoryRegion *sysmem = get_system_memory();
     MemoryRegion *ram = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
@@ -189,15 +192,40 @@ static void versatile_init(MachineState *machine, int board_id)
     int n;
     int done_smc = 0;
     DriveInfo *dinfo;
+    Error *err = NULL;
 
     if (!machine->cpu_model) {
         machine->cpu_model = "arm926";
     }
-    cpu = cpu_arm_init(machine->cpu_model);
-    if (!cpu) {
+
+    cpu_oc = cpu_class_by_name(TYPE_ARM_CPU, machine->cpu_model);
+    if (!cpu_oc) {
         fprintf(stderr, "Unable to find CPU definition\n");
         exit(1);
     }
+
+    cpuobj = object_new(object_class_get_name(cpu_oc));
+
+    /* By default ARM1176 CPUs have EL3 enabled.  This board does not
+     * currently support EL3 so the CPU EL3 property is disabled before
+     * realization.
+     */
+    if (object_property_find(cpuobj, "has_el3", NULL)) {
+        object_property_set_bool(cpuobj, false, "has_el3", &err);
+        if (err) {
+            error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(err));
+            exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    object_property_set_bool(cpuobj, true, "realized", &err);
+    if (err) {
+        error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(err));
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    cpu = ARM_CPU(cpuobj);
+
     memory_region_init_ram(ram, NULL, "versatile.ram", machine->ram_size,
                            &error_abort);
     vmstate_register_ram_global(ram);
@@ -253,7 +281,7 @@ static void versatile_init(MachineState *machine, int board_id)
             pci_nic_init_nofail(nd, pci_bus, "rtl8139", NULL);
         }
     }
-    if (usb_enabled(false)) {
+    if (usb_enabled()) {
         pci_create_simple(pci_bus, -1, "pci-ohci");
     }
     n = drive_get_max_bus(IF_SCSI);
diff --git a/hw/arm/vexpress.c b/hw/arm/vexpress.c
index 7cbd13f182..84415c8b0a 100644
--- a/hw/arm/vexpress.c
+++ b/hw/arm/vexpress.c
@@ -157,7 +157,27 @@ static hwaddr motherboard_aseries_map[] = {
 
 typedef struct VEDBoardInfo VEDBoardInfo;
 
-typedef void DBoardInitFn(const VEDBoardInfo *daughterboard,
+typedef struct {
+    MachineClass parent;
+    VEDBoardInfo *daughterboard;
+} VexpressMachineClass;
+
+typedef struct {
+    MachineState parent;
+    bool secure;
+} VexpressMachineState;
+
+#define TYPE_VEXPRESS_MACHINE   "vexpress"
+#define TYPE_VEXPRESS_A9_MACHINE   "vexpress-a9"
+#define TYPE_VEXPRESS_A15_MACHINE   "vexpress-a15"
+#define VEXPRESS_MACHINE(obj) \
+    OBJECT_CHECK(VexpressMachineState, (obj), TYPE_VEXPRESS_MACHINE)
+#define VEXPRESS_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(obj) \
+    OBJECT_GET_CLASS(VexpressMachineClass, obj, TYPE_VEXPRESS_MACHINE)
+#define VEXPRESS_MACHINE_CLASS(klass) \
+    OBJECT_CLASS_CHECK(VexpressMachineClass, klass, TYPE_VEXPRESS_MACHINE)
+
+typedef void DBoardInitFn(const VexpressMachineState *machine,
                           ram_addr_t ram_size,
                           const char *cpu_model,
                           qemu_irq *pic);
@@ -176,7 +196,7 @@ struct VEDBoardInfo {
 };
 
 static void init_cpus(const char *cpu_model, const char *privdev,
-                      hwaddr periphbase, qemu_irq *pic)
+                      hwaddr periphbase, qemu_irq *pic, bool secure)
 {
     ObjectClass *cpu_oc = cpu_class_by_name(TYPE_ARM_CPU, cpu_model);
     DeviceState *dev;
@@ -193,6 +213,10 @@ static void init_cpus(const char *cpu_model, const char *privdev,
         Object *cpuobj = object_new(object_class_get_name(cpu_oc));
         Error *err = NULL;
 
+        if (!secure) {
+            object_property_set_bool(cpuobj, false, "has_el3", NULL);
+        }
+
         if (object_property_find(cpuobj, "reset-cbar", NULL)) {
             object_property_set_int(cpuobj, periphbase,
                                     "reset-cbar", &error_abort);
@@ -232,7 +256,7 @@ static void init_cpus(const char *cpu_model, const char *privdev,
     }
 }
 
-static void a9_daughterboard_init(const VEDBoardInfo *daughterboard,
+static void a9_daughterboard_init(const VexpressMachineState *vms,
                                   ram_addr_t ram_size,
                                   const char *cpu_model,
                                   qemu_irq *pic)
@@ -268,7 +292,7 @@ static void a9_daughterboard_init(const VEDBoardInfo *daughterboard,
     memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, 0x60000000, ram);
 
     /* 0x1e000000 A9MPCore (SCU) private memory region */
-    init_cpus(cpu_model, "a9mpcore_priv", 0x1e000000, pic);
+    init_cpus(cpu_model, "a9mpcore_priv", 0x1e000000, pic, vms->secure);
 
     /* Daughterboard peripherals : 0x10020000 .. 0x20000000 */
 
@@ -322,7 +346,7 @@ static VEDBoardInfo a9_daughterboard = {
     .init = a9_daughterboard_init,
 };
 
-static void a15_daughterboard_init(const VEDBoardInfo *daughterboard,
+static void a15_daughterboard_init(const VexpressMachineState *vms,
                                    ram_addr_t ram_size,
                                    const char *cpu_model,
                                    qemu_irq *pic)
@@ -354,7 +378,7 @@ static void a15_daughterboard_init(const VEDBoardInfo *daughterboard,
     memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, 0x80000000, ram);
 
     /* 0x2c000000 A15MPCore private memory region (GIC) */
-    init_cpus(cpu_model, "a15mpcore_priv", 0x2c000000, pic);
+    init_cpus(cpu_model, "a15mpcore_priv", 0x2c000000, pic, vms->secure);
 
     /* A15 daughterboard peripherals: */
 
@@ -513,9 +537,11 @@ static pflash_t *ve_pflash_cfi01_register(hwaddr base, const char *name,
     return OBJECT_CHECK(pflash_t, (dev), "cfi.pflash01");
 }
 
-static void vexpress_common_init(VEDBoardInfo *daughterboard,
-                                 MachineState *machine)
+static void vexpress_common_init(MachineState *machine)
 {
+    VexpressMachineState *vms = VEXPRESS_MACHINE(machine);
+    VexpressMachineClass *vmc = VEXPRESS_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(machine);
+    VEDBoardInfo *daughterboard = vmc->daughterboard;;
     DeviceState *dev, *sysctl, *pl041;
     qemu_irq pic[64];
     uint32_t sys_id;
@@ -530,8 +556,7 @@ static void vexpress_common_init(VEDBoardInfo *daughterboard,
     const hwaddr *map = daughterboard->motherboard_map;
     int i;
 
-    daughterboard->init(daughterboard, machine->ram_size, machine->cpu_model,
-                        pic);
+    daughterboard->init(vms, machine->ram_size, machine->cpu_model, pic);
 
     /*
      * If a bios file was provided, attempt to map it into memory
@@ -678,39 +703,99 @@ static void vexpress_common_init(VEDBoardInfo *daughterboard,
     daughterboard->bootinfo.smp_bootreg_addr = map[VE_SYSREGS] + 0x30;
     daughterboard->bootinfo.gic_cpu_if_addr = daughterboard->gic_cpu_if_addr;
     daughterboard->bootinfo.modify_dtb = vexpress_modify_dtb;
+    /* Indicate that when booting Linux we should be in secure state */
+    daughterboard->bootinfo.secure_boot = true;
     arm_load_kernel(ARM_CPU(first_cpu), &daughterboard->bootinfo);
 }
 
-static void vexpress_a9_init(MachineState *machine)
+static bool vexpress_get_secure(Object *obj, Error **errp)
+{
+    VexpressMachineState *vms = VEXPRESS_MACHINE(obj);
+
+    return vms->secure;
+}
+
+static void vexpress_set_secure(Object *obj, bool value, Error **errp)
 {
-    vexpress_common_init(&a9_daughterboard, machine);
+    VexpressMachineState *vms = VEXPRESS_MACHINE(obj);
+
+    vms->secure = value;
+}
+
+static void vexpress_instance_init(Object *obj)
+{
+    VexpressMachineState *vms = VEXPRESS_MACHINE(obj);
+
+    /* EL3 is enabled by default on vexpress */
+    vms->secure = true;
+    object_property_add_bool(obj, "secure", vexpress_get_secure,
+                             vexpress_set_secure, NULL);
+    object_property_set_description(obj, "secure",
+                                    "Set on/off to enable/disable the ARM "
+                                    "Security Extensions (TrustZone)",
+                                    NULL);
 }
 
-static void vexpress_a15_init(MachineState *machine)
+static void vexpress_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
 {
-    vexpress_common_init(&a15_daughterboard, machine);
+    MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
+
+    mc->name = TYPE_VEXPRESS_MACHINE;
+    mc->desc = "ARM Versatile Express";
+    mc->init = vexpress_common_init;
+    mc->block_default_type = IF_SCSI;
+    mc->max_cpus = 4;
 }
 
-static QEMUMachine vexpress_a9_machine = {
-    .name = "vexpress-a9",
-    .desc = "ARM Versatile Express for Cortex-A9",
-    .init = vexpress_a9_init,
-    .block_default_type = IF_SCSI,
-    .max_cpus = 4,
+static void vexpress_a9_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
+{
+    MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
+    VexpressMachineClass *vmc = VEXPRESS_MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
+
+    mc->name = TYPE_VEXPRESS_A9_MACHINE;
+    mc->desc = "ARM Versatile Express for Cortex-A9";
+
+    vmc->daughterboard = &a9_daughterboard;;
+}
+
+static void vexpress_a15_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
+{
+    MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
+    VexpressMachineClass *vmc = VEXPRESS_MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
+
+    mc->name = TYPE_VEXPRESS_A15_MACHINE;
+    mc->desc = "ARM Versatile Express for Cortex-A15";
+
+    vmc->daughterboard = &a15_daughterboard;
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo vexpress_info = {
+    .name = TYPE_VEXPRESS_MACHINE,
+    .parent = TYPE_MACHINE,
+    .abstract = true,
+    .instance_size = sizeof(VexpressMachineState),
+    .instance_init = vexpress_instance_init,
+    .class_size = sizeof(VexpressMachineClass),
+    .class_init = vexpress_class_init,
+};
+
+static const TypeInfo vexpress_a9_info = {
+    .name = TYPE_VEXPRESS_A9_MACHINE,
+    .parent = TYPE_VEXPRESS_MACHINE,
+    .class_init = vexpress_a9_class_init,
 };
 
-static QEMUMachine vexpress_a15_machine = {
-    .name = "vexpress-a15",
-    .desc = "ARM Versatile Express for Cortex-A15",
-    .init = vexpress_a15_init,
-    .block_default_type = IF_SCSI,
-    .max_cpus = 4,
+static const TypeInfo vexpress_a15_info = {
+    .name = TYPE_VEXPRESS_A15_MACHINE,
+    .parent = TYPE_VEXPRESS_MACHINE,
+    .class_init = vexpress_a15_class_init,
 };
 
 static void vexpress_machine_init(void)
 {
-    qemu_register_machine(&vexpress_a9_machine);
-    qemu_register_machine(&vexpress_a15_machine);
+    type_register_static(&vexpress_info);
+    type_register_static(&vexpress_a9_info);
+    type_register_static(&vexpress_a15_info);
 }
 
 machine_init(vexpress_machine_init);
diff --git a/hw/arm/virt.c b/hw/arm/virt.c
index 314e55b563..235344034d 100644
--- a/hw/arm/virt.c
+++ b/hw/arm/virt.c
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ enum {
     VIRT_UART,
     VIRT_MMIO,
     VIRT_RTC,
+    VIRT_FW_CFG,
 };
 
 typedef struct MemMapEntry {
@@ -86,6 +87,24 @@ typedef struct VirtBoardInfo {
     uint32_t clock_phandle;
 } VirtBoardInfo;
 
+typedef struct {
+    MachineClass parent;
+    VirtBoardInfo *daughterboard;
+} VirtMachineClass;
+
+typedef struct {
+    MachineState parent;
+    bool secure;
+} VirtMachineState;
+
+#define TYPE_VIRT_MACHINE   "virt"
+#define VIRT_MACHINE(obj) \
+    OBJECT_CHECK(VirtMachineState, (obj), TYPE_VIRT_MACHINE)
+#define VIRT_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(obj) \
+    OBJECT_GET_CLASS(VirtMachineClass, obj, TYPE_VIRT_MACHINE)
+#define VIRT_MACHINE_CLASS(klass) \
+    OBJECT_CLASS_CHECK(VirtMachineClass, klass, TYPE_VIRT_MACHINE)
+
 /* Addresses and sizes of our components.
  * 0..128MB is space for a flash device so we can run bootrom code such as UEFI.
  * 128MB..256MB is used for miscellaneous device I/O.
@@ -107,6 +126,7 @@ static const MemMapEntry a15memmap[] = {
     [VIRT_GIC_CPU] =    { 0x08010000, 0x00010000 },
     [VIRT_UART] =       { 0x09000000, 0x00001000 },
     [VIRT_RTC] =        { 0x09010000, 0x00001000 },
+    [VIRT_FW_CFG] =     { 0x09020000, 0x0000000a },
     [VIRT_MMIO] =       { 0x0a000000, 0x00000200 },
     /* ...repeating for a total of NUM_VIRTIO_TRANSPORTS, each of that size */
     /* 0x10000000 .. 0x40000000 reserved for PCI */
@@ -519,6 +539,23 @@ static void create_flash(const VirtBoardInfo *vbi)
     g_free(nodename);
 }
 
+static void create_fw_cfg(const VirtBoardInfo *vbi)
+{
+    hwaddr base = vbi->memmap[VIRT_FW_CFG].base;
+    hwaddr size = vbi->memmap[VIRT_FW_CFG].size;
+    char *nodename;
+
+    fw_cfg_init_mem_wide(base + 8, base, 8);
+
+    nodename = g_strdup_printf("/fw-cfg@%" PRIx64, base);
+    qemu_fdt_add_subnode(vbi->fdt, nodename);
+    qemu_fdt_setprop_string(vbi->fdt, nodename,
+                            "compatible", "qemu,fw-cfg-mmio");
+    qemu_fdt_setprop_sized_cells(vbi->fdt, nodename, "reg",
+                                 2, base, 2, size);
+    g_free(nodename);
+}
+
 static void *machvirt_dtb(const struct arm_boot_info *binfo, int *fdt_size)
 {
     const VirtBoardInfo *board = (const VirtBoardInfo *)binfo;
@@ -529,6 +566,7 @@ static void *machvirt_dtb(const struct arm_boot_info *binfo, int *fdt_size)
 
 static void machvirt_init(MachineState *machine)
 {
+    VirtMachineState *vms = VIRT_MACHINE(machine);
     qemu_irq pic[NUM_IRQS];
     MemoryRegion *sysmem = get_system_memory();
     int n;
@@ -566,6 +604,10 @@ static void machvirt_init(MachineState *machine)
         }
         cpuobj = object_new(object_class_get_name(oc));
 
+        if (!vms->secure) {
+            object_property_set_bool(cpuobj, false, "has_el3", NULL);
+        }
+
         object_property_set_int(cpuobj, QEMU_PSCI_CONDUIT_HVC, "psci-conduit",
                                 NULL);
 
@@ -604,6 +646,8 @@ static void machvirt_init(MachineState *machine)
      */
     create_virtio_devices(vbi, pic);
 
+    create_fw_cfg(vbi);
+
     vbi->bootinfo.ram_size = machine->ram_size;
     vbi->bootinfo.kernel_filename = machine->kernel_filename;
     vbi->bootinfo.kernel_cmdline = machine->kernel_cmdline;
@@ -612,19 +656,60 @@ static void machvirt_init(MachineState *machine)
     vbi->bootinfo.board_id = -1;
     vbi->bootinfo.loader_start = vbi->memmap[VIRT_MEM].base;
     vbi->bootinfo.get_dtb = machvirt_dtb;
+    vbi->bootinfo.firmware_loaded = bios_name || drive_get(IF_PFLASH, 0, 0);
     arm_load_kernel(ARM_CPU(first_cpu), &vbi->bootinfo);
 }
 
-static QEMUMachine machvirt_a15_machine = {
-    .name = "virt",
-    .desc = "ARM Virtual Machine",
-    .init = machvirt_init,
-    .max_cpus = 8,
+static bool virt_get_secure(Object *obj, Error **errp)
+{
+    VirtMachineState *vms = VIRT_MACHINE(obj);
+
+    return vms->secure;
+}
+
+static void virt_set_secure(Object *obj, bool value, Error **errp)
+{
+    VirtMachineState *vms = VIRT_MACHINE(obj);
+
+    vms->secure = value;
+}
+
+static void virt_instance_init(Object *obj)
+{
+    VirtMachineState *vms = VIRT_MACHINE(obj);
+
+    /* EL3 is enabled by default on virt */
+    vms->secure = true;
+    object_property_add_bool(obj, "secure", virt_get_secure,
+                             virt_set_secure, NULL);
+    object_property_set_description(obj, "secure",
+                                    "Set on/off to enable/disable the ARM "
+                                    "Security Extensions (TrustZone)",
+                                    NULL);
+}
+
+static void virt_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
+{
+    MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
+
+    mc->name = TYPE_VIRT_MACHINE;
+    mc->desc = "ARM Virtual Machine",
+    mc->init = machvirt_init;
+    mc->max_cpus = 8;
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo machvirt_info = {
+    .name = TYPE_VIRT_MACHINE,
+    .parent = TYPE_MACHINE,
+    .instance_size = sizeof(VirtMachineState),
+    .instance_init = virt_instance_init,
+    .class_size = sizeof(VirtMachineClass),
+    .class_init = virt_class_init,
 };
 
 static void machvirt_machine_init(void)
 {
-    qemu_register_machine(&machvirt_a15_machine);
+    type_register_static(&machvirt_info);
 }
 
 machine_init(machvirt_machine_init);
diff --git a/hw/arm/xilinx_zynq.c b/hw/arm/xilinx_zynq.c
index b59039297a..06e6e24da1 100644
--- a/hw/arm/xilinx_zynq.c
+++ b/hw/arm/xilinx_zynq.c
@@ -126,6 +126,18 @@ static void zynq_init(MachineState *machine)
 
     cpu = ARM_CPU(object_new(object_class_get_name(cpu_oc)));
 
+    /* By default A9 CPUs have EL3 enabled.  This board does not
+     * currently support EL3 so the CPU EL3 property is disabled before
+     * realization.
+     */
+    if (object_property_find(OBJECT(cpu), "has_el3", NULL)) {
+        object_property_set_bool(OBJECT(cpu), false, "has_el3", &err);
+        if (err) {
+            error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(err));
+            exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+
     object_property_set_int(OBJECT(cpu), ZYNQ_BOARD_MIDR, "midr", &err);
     if (err) {
         error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(err));
diff --git a/hw/char/serial.c b/hw/char/serial.c
index 6d522ff4f3..3aca87416d 100644
--- a/hw/char/serial.c
+++ b/hw/char/serial.c
@@ -645,8 +645,17 @@ static int serial_post_load(void *opaque, int version_id)
 static bool serial_thr_ipending_needed(void *opaque)
 {
     SerialState *s = opaque;
-    bool expected_value = ((s->iir & UART_IIR_ID) == UART_IIR_THRI);
-    return s->thr_ipending != expected_value;
+
+    if (s->ier & UART_IER_THRI) {
+        bool expected_value = ((s->iir & UART_IIR_ID) == UART_IIR_THRI);
+        return s->thr_ipending != expected_value;
+    } else {
+        /* LSR.THRE will be sampled again when the interrupt is
+         * enabled.  thr_ipending is not used in this case, do
+         * not migrate it.
+         */
+        return false;
+    }
 }
 
 const VMStateDescription vmstate_serial_thr_ipending = {
diff --git a/hw/char/virtio-serial-bus.c b/hw/char/virtio-serial-bus.c
index a7b1b68984..37a6f442fa 100644
--- a/hw/char/virtio-serial-bus.c
+++ b/hw/char/virtio-serial-bus.c
@@ -482,10 +482,14 @@ static uint32_t get_features(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint32_t features)
 /* Guest requested config info */
 static void get_config(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint8_t *config_data)
 {
-    VirtIOSerial *vser;
-
-    vser = VIRTIO_SERIAL(vdev);
-    memcpy(config_data, &vser->config, sizeof(struct virtio_console_config));
+    VirtIOSerial *vser = VIRTIO_SERIAL(vdev);
+    struct virtio_console_config *config =
+        (struct virtio_console_config *)config_data;
+
+    config->cols = 0;
+    config->rows = 0;
+    config->max_nr_ports = virtio_tswap32(vdev,
+                                          vser->serial.max_virtserial_ports);
 }
 
 static void guest_reset(VirtIOSerial *vser)
@@ -533,10 +537,6 @@ static void vser_reset(VirtIODevice *vdev)
 
     vser = VIRTIO_SERIAL(vdev);
     guest_reset(vser);
-
-    /* In case we have switched endianness */
-    vser->config.max_nr_ports =
-        virtio_tswap32(vdev, vser->serial.max_virtserial_ports);
 }
 
 static void virtio_serial_save(QEMUFile *f, void *opaque)
@@ -551,15 +551,16 @@ static void virtio_serial_save_device(VirtIODevice *vdev, QEMUFile *f)
     VirtIOSerialPort *port;
     uint32_t nr_active_ports;
     unsigned int i, max_nr_ports;
+    struct virtio_console_config config;
 
-    /* The config space */
-    qemu_put_be16s(f, &s->config.cols);
-    qemu_put_be16s(f, &s->config.rows);
-
-    qemu_put_be32s(f, &s->config.max_nr_ports);
+    /* The config space (ignored on the far end in current versions) */
+    get_config(vdev, (uint8_t *)&config);
+    qemu_put_be16s(f, &config.cols);
+    qemu_put_be16s(f, &config.rows);
+    qemu_put_be32s(f, &config.max_nr_ports);
 
     /* The ports map */
-    max_nr_ports = virtio_tswap32(vdev, s->config.max_nr_ports);
+    max_nr_ports = s->serial.max_virtserial_ports;
     for (i = 0; i < (max_nr_ports + 31) / 32; i++) {
         qemu_put_be32s(f, &s->ports_map[i]);
     }
@@ -715,13 +716,7 @@ static int virtio_serial_load_device(VirtIODevice *vdev, QEMUFile *f,
     qemu_get_be16s(f, (uint16_t *) &tmp);
     qemu_get_be32s(f, &tmp);
 
-    /* Note: this is the only location where we use tswap32() instead of
-     * virtio_tswap32() because:
-     * - virtio_tswap32() only makes sense when the device is fully restored
-     * - the target endianness that was used to populate s->config is
-     *   necessarly the default one
-     */
-    max_nr_ports = tswap32(s->config.max_nr_ports);
+    max_nr_ports = s->serial.max_virtserial_ports;
     for (i = 0; i < (max_nr_ports + 31) / 32; i++) {
         qemu_get_be32s(f, &ports_map);
 
@@ -784,10 +779,9 @@ static void virtser_bus_dev_print(Monitor *mon, DeviceState *qdev, int indent)
 /* This function is only used if a port id is not provided by the user */
 static uint32_t find_free_port_id(VirtIOSerial *vser)
 {
-    VirtIODevice *vdev = VIRTIO_DEVICE(vser);
     unsigned int i, max_nr_ports;
 
-    max_nr_ports = virtio_tswap32(vdev, vser->config.max_nr_ports);
+    max_nr_ports = vser->serial.max_virtserial_ports;
     for (i = 0; i < (max_nr_ports + 31) / 32; i++) {
         uint32_t map, bit;
 
@@ -848,7 +842,6 @@ static void virtser_port_device_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     VirtIOSerialPort *port = VIRTIO_SERIAL_PORT(dev);
     VirtIOSerialPortClass *vsc = VIRTIO_SERIAL_PORT_GET_CLASS(port);
     VirtIOSerialBus *bus = VIRTIO_SERIAL_BUS(qdev_get_parent_bus(dev));
-    VirtIODevice *vdev = VIRTIO_DEVICE(bus->vser);
     int max_nr_ports;
     bool plugging_port0;
     Error *err = NULL;
@@ -890,7 +883,7 @@ static void virtser_port_device_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
         }
     }
 
-    max_nr_ports = virtio_tswap32(vdev, port->vser->config.max_nr_ports);
+    max_nr_ports = port->vser->serial.max_virtserial_ports;
     if (port->id >= max_nr_ports) {
         error_setg(errp, "virtio-serial-bus: Out-of-range port id specified, "
                          "max. allowed: %u", max_nr_ports - 1);
@@ -995,8 +988,6 @@ static void virtio_serial_device_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
         vser->ovqs[i] = virtio_add_queue(vdev, 128, handle_output);
     }
 
-    vser->config.max_nr_ports =
-        virtio_tswap32(vdev, vser->serial.max_virtserial_ports);
     vser->ports_map = g_malloc0(((vser->serial.max_virtserial_ports + 31) / 32)
         * sizeof(vser->ports_map[0]));
     /*
diff --git a/hw/core/loader.c b/hw/core/loader.c
index 7527fd3036..f2b34da240 100644
--- a/hw/core/loader.c
+++ b/hw/core/loader.c
@@ -614,14 +614,9 @@ int load_ramdisk(const char *filename, hwaddr addr, uint64_t max_sz)
                             NULL, NULL);
 }
 
-/* This simply prevents g_malloc in the function below from allocating
- * a huge amount of memory, by placing a limit on the maximum
- * uncompressed image size that load_image_gzipped will read.
- */
-#define LOAD_IMAGE_MAX_GUNZIP_BYTES (256 << 20)
-
-/* Load a gzip-compressed kernel. */
-int load_image_gzipped(const char *filename, hwaddr addr, uint64_t max_sz)
+/* Load a gzip-compressed kernel to a dynamically allocated buffer. */
+int load_image_gzipped_buffer(const char *filename, uint64_t max_sz,
+                              uint8_t **buffer)
 {
     uint8_t *compressed_data = NULL;
     uint8_t *data = NULL;
@@ -653,8 +648,11 @@ int load_image_gzipped(const char *filename, hwaddr addr, uint64_t max_sz)
         goto out;
     }
 
-    rom_add_blob_fixed(filename, data, bytes, addr);
+    /* trim to actual size and return to caller */
+    *buffer = g_realloc(data, bytes);
     ret = bytes;
+    /* ownership has been transferred to caller */
+    data = NULL;
 
  out:
     g_free(compressed_data);
@@ -662,6 +660,20 @@ int load_image_gzipped(const char *filename, hwaddr addr, uint64_t max_sz)
     return ret;
 }
 
+/* Load a gzip-compressed kernel. */
+int load_image_gzipped(const char *filename, hwaddr addr, uint64_t max_sz)
+{
+    int bytes;
+    uint8_t *data;
+
+    bytes = load_image_gzipped_buffer(filename, max_sz, &data);
+    if (bytes != -1) {
+        rom_add_blob_fixed(filename, data, bytes, addr);
+        g_free(data);
+    }
+    return bytes;
+}
+
 /*
  * Functions for reboot-persistent memory regions.
  *  - used for vga bios and option roms.
diff --git a/hw/core/machine.c b/hw/core/machine.c
index 19d3e3a707..fbd91be575 100644
--- a/hw/core/machine.c
+++ b/hw/core/machine.c
@@ -291,48 +291,93 @@ static void machine_initfn(Object *obj)
 
     object_property_add_str(obj, "accel",
                             machine_get_accel, machine_set_accel, NULL);
+    object_property_set_description(obj, "accel",
+                                    "Accelerator list",
+                                    NULL);
     object_property_add_bool(obj, "kernel-irqchip",
                              machine_get_kernel_irqchip,
                              machine_set_kernel_irqchip,
                              NULL);
+    object_property_set_description(obj, "kernel-irqchip",
+                                    "Use KVM in-kernel irqchip",
+                                    NULL);
     object_property_add(obj, "kvm-shadow-mem", "int",
                         machine_get_kvm_shadow_mem,
                         machine_set_kvm_shadow_mem,
                         NULL, NULL, NULL);
+    object_property_set_description(obj, "kvm-shadow-mem",
+                                    "KVM shadow MMU size",
+                                    NULL);
     object_property_add_str(obj, "kernel",
                             machine_get_kernel, machine_set_kernel, NULL);
+    object_property_set_description(obj, "kernel",
+                                    "Linux kernel image file",
+                                    NULL);
     object_property_add_str(obj, "initrd",
                             machine_get_initrd, machine_set_initrd, NULL);
+    object_property_set_description(obj, "initrd",
+                                    "Linux initial ramdisk file",
+                                    NULL);
     object_property_add_str(obj, "append",
                             machine_get_append, machine_set_append, NULL);
+    object_property_set_description(obj, "append",
+                                    "Linux kernel command line",
+                                    NULL);
     object_property_add_str(obj, "dtb",
                             machine_get_dtb, machine_set_dtb, NULL);
+    object_property_set_description(obj, "dtb",
+                                    "Linux kernel device tree file",
+                                    NULL);
     object_property_add_str(obj, "dumpdtb",
                             machine_get_dumpdtb, machine_set_dumpdtb, NULL);
+    object_property_set_description(obj, "dumpdtb",
+                                    "Dump current dtb to a file and quit",
+                                    NULL);
     object_property_add(obj, "phandle-start", "int",
                         machine_get_phandle_start,
                         machine_set_phandle_start,
                         NULL, NULL, NULL);
+    object_property_set_description(obj, "phandle-start",
+                                    "The first phandle ID we may generate dynamically",
+                                    NULL);
     object_property_add_str(obj, "dt-compatible",
                             machine_get_dt_compatible,
                             machine_set_dt_compatible,
                             NULL);
+    object_property_set_description(obj, "dt-compatible",
+                                    "Overrides the \"compatible\" property of the dt root node",
+                                    NULL);
     object_property_add_bool(obj, "dump-guest-core",
                              machine_get_dump_guest_core,
                              machine_set_dump_guest_core,
                              NULL);
+    object_property_set_description(obj, "dump-guest-core",
+                                    "Include guest memory in  a core dump",
+                                    NULL);
     object_property_add_bool(obj, "mem-merge",
                              machine_get_mem_merge,
                              machine_set_mem_merge, NULL);
+    object_property_set_description(obj, "mem-merge",
+                                    "Enable/disable memory merge support",
+                                    NULL);
     object_property_add_bool(obj, "usb",
                              machine_get_usb,
                              machine_set_usb, NULL);
+    object_property_set_description(obj, "usb",
+                                    "Set on/off to enable/disable usb",
+                                    NULL);
     object_property_add_str(obj, "firmware",
                             machine_get_firmware,
                             machine_set_firmware, NULL);
+    object_property_set_description(obj, "firmware",
+                                    "Firmware image",
+                                    NULL);
     object_property_add_bool(obj, "iommu",
                              machine_get_iommu,
                              machine_set_iommu, NULL);
+    object_property_set_description(obj, "iommu",
+                                    "Set on/off to enable/disable Intel IOMMU (VT-d)",
+                                    NULL);
 
     /* Register notifier when init is done for sysbus sanity checks */
     ms->sysbus_notifier.notify = machine_init_notify;
@@ -353,6 +398,11 @@ static void machine_finalize(Object *obj)
     g_free(ms->firmware);
 }
 
+bool machine_usb(MachineState *machine)
+{
+    return machine->usb;
+}
+
 static const TypeInfo machine_info = {
     .name = TYPE_MACHINE,
     .parent = TYPE_OBJECT,
diff --git a/hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c b/hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c
index 65901ef10e..a2e44bd4e8 100644
--- a/hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c
+++ b/hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c
@@ -177,42 +177,69 @@ PropertyInfo qdev_prop_chr = {
 };
 
 /* --- netdev device --- */
+static void get_netdev(Object *obj, Visitor *v, void *opaque,
+                       const char *name, Error **errp)
+{
+    DeviceState *dev = DEVICE(obj);
+    Property *prop = opaque;
+    NICPeers *peers_ptr = qdev_get_prop_ptr(dev, prop);
+    char *p = g_strdup(peers_ptr->ncs[0] ? peers_ptr->ncs[0]->name : "");
 
-static int parse_netdev(DeviceState *dev, const char *str, void **ptr)
+    visit_type_str(v, &p, name, errp);
+    g_free(p);
+}
+
+static void set_netdev(Object *obj, Visitor *v, void *opaque,
+                       const char *name, Error **errp)
 {
-    NICPeers *peers_ptr = (NICPeers *)ptr;
+    DeviceState *dev = DEVICE(obj);
+    Property *prop = opaque;
+    NICPeers *peers_ptr = qdev_get_prop_ptr(dev, prop);
     NetClientState **ncs = peers_ptr->ncs;
     NetClientState *peers[MAX_QUEUE_NUM];
-    int queues, i = 0;
-    int ret;
+    Error *local_err = NULL;
+    int queues, err = 0, i = 0;
+    char *str;
+
+    if (dev->realized) {
+        qdev_prop_set_after_realize(dev, name, errp);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    visit_type_str(v, &str, name, &local_err);
+    if (local_err) {
+        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
+        return;
+    }
 
     queues = qemu_find_net_clients_except(str, peers,
                                           NET_CLIENT_OPTIONS_KIND_NIC,
                                           MAX_QUEUE_NUM);
     if (queues == 0) {
-        ret = -ENOENT;
-        goto err;
+        err = -ENOENT;
+        goto out;
     }
 
     if (queues > MAX_QUEUE_NUM) {
-        ret = -E2BIG;
-        goto err;
+        error_setg(errp, "queues of backend '%s'(%d) exceeds QEMU limitation(%d)",
+                   str, queues, MAX_QUEUE_NUM);
+        goto out;
     }
 
     for (i = 0; i < queues; i++) {
         if (peers[i] == NULL) {
-            ret = -ENOENT;
-            goto err;
+            err = -ENOENT;
+            goto out;
         }
 
         if (peers[i]->peer) {
-            ret = -EEXIST;
-            goto err;
+            err = -EEXIST;
+            goto out;
         }
 
         if (ncs[i]) {
-            ret = -EINVAL;
-            goto err;
+            err = -EINVAL;
+            goto out;
         }
 
         ncs[i] = peers[i];
@@ -221,30 +248,9 @@ static int parse_netdev(DeviceState *dev, const char *str, void **ptr)
 
     peers_ptr->queues = queues;
 
-    return 0;
-
-err:
-    return ret;
-}
-
-static char *print_netdev(void *ptr)
-{
-    NetClientState *netdev = ptr;
-    const char *val = netdev->name ? netdev->name : "";
-
-    return g_strdup(val);
-}
-
-static void get_netdev(Object *obj, Visitor *v, void *opaque,
-                       const char *name, Error **errp)
-{
-    get_pointer(obj, v, opaque, print_netdev, name, errp);
-}
-
-static void set_netdev(Object *obj, Visitor *v, void *opaque,
-                       const char *name, Error **errp)
-{
-    set_pointer(obj, v, opaque, parse_netdev, name, errp);
+out:
+    error_set_from_qdev_prop_error(errp, err, dev, prop, str);
+    g_free(str);
 }
 
 PropertyInfo qdev_prop_netdev = {
diff --git a/hw/i386/pc.c b/hw/i386/pc.c
index c0e55a6446..e07f1fac56 100644
--- a/hw/i386/pc.c
+++ b/hw/i386/pc.c
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ static int boot_device2nibble(char boot_device)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int set_boot_dev(ISADevice *s, const char *boot_device)
+static void set_boot_dev(ISADevice *s, const char *boot_device, Error **errp)
 {
 #define PC_MAX_BOOT_DEVICES 3
     int nbds, bds[3] = { 0, };
@@ -290,25 +290,24 @@ static int set_boot_dev(ISADevice *s, const char *boot_device)
 
     nbds = strlen(boot_device);
     if (nbds > PC_MAX_BOOT_DEVICES) {
-        error_report("Too many boot devices for PC");
-        return(1);
+        error_setg(errp, "Too many boot devices for PC");
+        return;
     }
     for (i = 0; i < nbds; i++) {
         bds[i] = boot_device2nibble(boot_device[i]);
         if (bds[i] == 0) {
-            error_report("Invalid boot device for PC: '%c'",
-                         boot_device[i]);
-            return(1);
+            error_setg(errp, "Invalid boot device for PC: '%c'",
+                       boot_device[i]);
+            return;
         }
     }
     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, (bds[1] << 4) | bds[0]);
     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x38, (bds[2] << 4) | (fd_bootchk ? 0x0 : 0x1));
-    return(0);
 }
 
-static int pc_boot_set(void *opaque, const char *boot_device)
+static void pc_boot_set(void *opaque, const char *boot_device, Error **errp)
 {
-    return set_boot_dev(opaque, boot_device);
+    set_boot_dev(opaque, boot_device, errp);
 }
 
 typedef struct pc_cmos_init_late_arg {
@@ -365,6 +364,7 @@ void pc_cmos_init(ram_addr_t ram_size, ram_addr_t above_4g_mem_size,
     FDriveType fd_type[2] = { FDRIVE_DRV_NONE, FDRIVE_DRV_NONE };
     static pc_cmos_init_late_arg arg;
     PCMachineState *pc_machine = PC_MACHINE(machine);
+    Error *local_err = NULL;
 
     /* various important CMOS locations needed by PC/Bochs bios */
 
@@ -412,7 +412,9 @@ void pc_cmos_init(ram_addr_t ram_size, ram_addr_t above_4g_mem_size,
     object_property_set_link(OBJECT(machine), OBJECT(s),
                              "rtc_state", &error_abort);
 
-    if (set_boot_dev(s, boot_device)) {
+    set_boot_dev(s, boot_device, &local_err);
+    if (local_err) {
+        error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(local_err));
         exit(1);
     }
 
@@ -647,7 +649,7 @@ static FWCfgState *bochs_bios_init(void)
     int i, j;
     unsigned int apic_id_limit = pc_apic_id_limit(max_cpus);
 
-    fw_cfg = fw_cfg_init(BIOS_CFG_IOPORT, BIOS_CFG_IOPORT + 1, 0, 0);
+    fw_cfg = fw_cfg_init_io(BIOS_CFG_IOPORT);
     /* FW_CFG_MAX_CPUS is a bit confusing/problematic on x86:
      *
      * SeaBIOS needs FW_CFG_MAX_CPUS for CPU hotplug, but the CPU hotplug
@@ -1168,7 +1170,7 @@ FWCfgState *xen_load_linux(const char *kernel_filename,
 
     assert(kernel_filename != NULL);
 
-    fw_cfg = fw_cfg_init(BIOS_CFG_IOPORT, BIOS_CFG_IOPORT + 1, 0, 0);
+    fw_cfg = fw_cfg_init_io(BIOS_CFG_IOPORT);
     rom_set_fw(fw_cfg);
 
     load_linux(fw_cfg, kernel_filename, initrd_filename,
@@ -1803,17 +1805,24 @@ static void pc_machine_initfn(Object *obj)
     object_property_add(obj, PC_MACHINE_MEMHP_REGION_SIZE, "int",
                         pc_machine_get_hotplug_memory_region_size,
                         NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+
     pcms->max_ram_below_4g = 1ULL << 32; /* 4G */
     object_property_add(obj, PC_MACHINE_MAX_RAM_BELOW_4G, "size",
                         pc_machine_get_max_ram_below_4g,
                         pc_machine_set_max_ram_below_4g,
                         NULL, NULL, NULL);
+    object_property_set_description(obj, PC_MACHINE_MAX_RAM_BELOW_4G,
+                                    "Maximum ram below the 4G boundary (32bit boundary)",
+                                    NULL);
 
     pcms->vmport = ON_OFF_AUTO_AUTO;
     object_property_add(obj, PC_MACHINE_VMPORT, "OnOffAuto",
                         pc_machine_get_vmport,
                         pc_machine_set_vmport,
                         NULL, NULL, NULL);
+    object_property_set_description(obj, PC_MACHINE_VMPORT,
+                                    "Enable vmport (pc & q35)",
+                                    NULL);
 
     pcms->enforce_aligned_dimm = true;
     object_property_add_bool(obj, PC_MACHINE_ENFORCE_ALIGNED_DIMM,
diff --git a/hw/i386/pc_piix.c b/hw/i386/pc_piix.c
index 220f7415fa..f0a3201e19 100644
--- a/hw/i386/pc_piix.c
+++ b/hw/i386/pc_piix.c
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ static void pc_init1(MachineState *machine,
     pc_cmos_init(below_4g_mem_size, above_4g_mem_size, machine->boot_order,
                  machine, floppy, idebus[0], idebus[1], rtc_state);
 
-    if (pci_enabled && usb_enabled(false)) {
+    if (pci_enabled && usb_enabled()) {
         pci_create_simple(pci_bus, piix3_devfn + 2, "piix3-usb-uhci");
     }
 
diff --git a/hw/i386/pc_q35.c b/hw/i386/pc_q35.c
index 7ba05353aa..a432944f02 100644
--- a/hw/i386/pc_q35.c
+++ b/hw/i386/pc_q35.c
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ static void pc_q35_init(MachineState *machine)
     ide_drive_get(hd, ICH_AHCI(ahci)->ahci.ports);
     ahci_ide_create_devs(ahci, hd);
 
-    if (usb_enabled(false)) {
+    if (usb_enabled()) {
         /* Should we create 6 UHCI according to ich9 spec? */
         ehci_create_ich9_with_companions(host_bus, 0x1d);
     }
diff --git a/hw/input/milkymist-softusb.c b/hw/input/milkymist-softusb.c
index 5a427f0b33..7b0f4db88d 100644
--- a/hw/input/milkymist-softusb.c
+++ b/hw/input/milkymist-softusb.c
@@ -194,10 +194,13 @@ static void softusb_kbd_hid_datain(HIDState *hs)
         return;
     }
 
-    len = hid_keyboard_poll(hs, s->kbd_hid_buffer, sizeof(s->kbd_hid_buffer));
+    while (hid_has_events(hs)) {
+        len = hid_keyboard_poll(hs, s->kbd_hid_buffer,
+                sizeof(s->kbd_hid_buffer));
 
-    if (len == 8) {
-        softusb_kbd_changed(s);
+        if (len == 8) {
+            softusb_kbd_changed(s);
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -212,11 +215,13 @@ static void softusb_mouse_hid_datain(HIDState *hs)
         return;
     }
 
-    len = hid_pointer_poll(hs, s->mouse_hid_buffer,
-            sizeof(s->mouse_hid_buffer));
+    while (hid_has_events(hs)) {
+        len = hid_pointer_poll(hs, s->mouse_hid_buffer,
+                sizeof(s->mouse_hid_buffer));
 
-    if (len == 4) {
-        softusb_mouse_changed(s);
+        if (len == 4) {
+            softusb_mouse_changed(s);
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/hw/input/pckbd.c b/hw/input/pckbd.c
index 2b0cd3dbb8..9b9a7d7a8a 100644
--- a/hw/input/pckbd.c
+++ b/hw/input/pckbd.c
@@ -101,6 +101,12 @@
 #define KBD_OUT_OBF             0x10    /* Keyboard output buffer full */
 #define KBD_OUT_MOUSE_OBF       0x20    /* Mouse output buffer full */
 
+/* OSes typically write 0xdd/0xdf to turn the A20 line off and on.
+ * We make the default value of the outport include these four bits,
+ * so that the subsection is rarely necessary.
+ */
+#define KBD_OUT_ONES            0xcc
+
 /* Mouse Commands */
 #define AUX_SET_SCALE11		0xE6	/* Set 1:1 scaling */
 #define AUX_SET_SCALE21		0xE7	/* Set 2:1 scaling */
@@ -367,13 +373,13 @@ static void kbd_reset(void *opaque)
 
     s->mode = KBD_MODE_KBD_INT | KBD_MODE_MOUSE_INT;
     s->status = KBD_STAT_CMD | KBD_STAT_UNLOCKED;
-    s->outport = KBD_OUT_RESET | KBD_OUT_A20;
+    s->outport = KBD_OUT_RESET | KBD_OUT_A20 | KBD_OUT_ONES;
     s->outport_present = false;
 }
 
 static uint8_t kbd_outport_default(KBDState *s)
 {
-    return KBD_OUT_RESET | KBD_OUT_A20
+    return KBD_OUT_RESET | KBD_OUT_A20 | KBD_OUT_ONES
            | (s->status & KBD_STAT_OBF ? KBD_OUT_OBF : 0)
            | (s->status & KBD_STAT_MOUSE_OBF ? KBD_OUT_MOUSE_OBF : 0);
 }
diff --git a/hw/misc/Makefile.objs b/hw/misc/Makefile.objs
index 979e532fdf..e47fea8530 100644
--- a/hw/misc/Makefile.objs
+++ b/hw/misc/Makefile.objs
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ common-obj-$(CONFIG_MACIO) += macio/
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_PCI), y)
 obj-$(CONFIG_KVM) += ivshmem.o
-obj-$(CONFIG_LINUX) += vfio.o
 endif
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_REALVIEW) += arm_sysctl.o
diff --git a/hw/net/e1000.c b/hw/net/e1000.c
index e33a4da9fa..89c5788b1c 100644
--- a/hw/net/e1000.c
+++ b/hw/net/e1000.c
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
 #include "sysemu/dma.h"
 #include "qemu/iov.h"
+#include "qemu/range.h"
 
 #include "e1000_regs.h"
 
@@ -923,7 +924,9 @@ e1000_can_receive(NetClientState *nc)
     E1000State *s = qemu_get_nic_opaque(nc);
 
     return (s->mac_reg[STATUS] & E1000_STATUS_LU) &&
-        (s->mac_reg[RCTL] & E1000_RCTL_EN) && e1000_has_rxbufs(s, 1);
+        (s->mac_reg[RCTL] & E1000_RCTL_EN) &&
+        (s->parent_obj.config[PCI_COMMAND] & PCI_COMMAND_MASTER) &&
+        e1000_has_rxbufs(s, 1);
 }
 
 static uint64_t rx_desc_base(E1000State *s)
@@ -1529,6 +1532,20 @@ static NetClientInfo net_e1000_info = {
     .link_status_changed = e1000_set_link_status,
 };
 
+static void e1000_write_config(PCIDevice *pci_dev, uint32_t address,
+                                uint32_t val, int len)
+{
+    E1000State *s = E1000(pci_dev);
+
+    pci_default_write_config(pci_dev, address, val, len);
+
+    if (range_covers_byte(address, len, PCI_COMMAND) &&
+        (pci_dev->config[PCI_COMMAND] & PCI_COMMAND_MASTER)) {
+        qemu_flush_queued_packets(qemu_get_queue(s->nic));
+    }
+}
+
+
 static int pci_e1000_init(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
 {
     DeviceState *dev = DEVICE(pci_dev);
@@ -1539,6 +1556,8 @@ static int pci_e1000_init(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
     int i;
     uint8_t *macaddr;
 
+    pci_dev->config_write = e1000_write_config;
+
     pci_conf = pci_dev->config;
 
     /* TODO: RST# value should be 0, PCI spec 6.2.4 */
diff --git a/hw/nvram/fw_cfg.c b/hw/nvram/fw_cfg.c
index c4b78ed36c..fcdf821c31 100644
--- a/hw/nvram/fw_cfg.c
+++ b/hw/nvram/fw_cfg.c
@@ -31,11 +31,16 @@
 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
 
 #define FW_CFG_SIZE 2
-#define FW_CFG_DATA_SIZE 1
-#define TYPE_FW_CFG "fw_cfg"
 #define FW_CFG_NAME "fw_cfg"
 #define FW_CFG_PATH "/machine/" FW_CFG_NAME
-#define FW_CFG(obj) OBJECT_CHECK(FWCfgState, (obj), TYPE_FW_CFG)
+
+#define TYPE_FW_CFG     "fw_cfg"
+#define TYPE_FW_CFG_IO  "fw_cfg_io"
+#define TYPE_FW_CFG_MEM "fw_cfg_mem"
+
+#define FW_CFG(obj)     OBJECT_CHECK(FWCfgState,    (obj), TYPE_FW_CFG)
+#define FW_CFG_IO(obj)  OBJECT_CHECK(FWCfgIoState,  (obj), TYPE_FW_CFG_IO)
+#define FW_CFG_MEM(obj) OBJECT_CHECK(FWCfgMemState, (obj), TYPE_FW_CFG_MEM)
 
 typedef struct FWCfgEntry {
     uint32_t len;
@@ -50,8 +55,6 @@ struct FWCfgState {
     SysBusDevice parent_obj;
     /*< public >*/
 
-    MemoryRegion ctl_iomem, data_iomem, comb_iomem;
-    uint32_t ctl_iobase, data_iobase;
     FWCfgEntry entries[2][FW_CFG_MAX_ENTRY];
     FWCfgFiles *files;
     uint16_t cur_entry;
@@ -59,6 +62,25 @@ struct FWCfgState {
     Notifier machine_ready;
 };
 
+struct FWCfgIoState {
+    /*< private >*/
+    FWCfgState parent_obj;
+    /*< public >*/
+
+    MemoryRegion comb_iomem;
+    uint32_t iobase;
+};
+
+struct FWCfgMemState {
+    /*< private >*/
+    FWCfgState parent_obj;
+    /*< public >*/
+
+    MemoryRegion ctl_iomem, data_iomem;
+    uint32_t data_width;
+    MemoryRegionOps wide_data_ops;
+};
+
 #define JPG_FILE 0
 #define BMP_FILE 1
 
@@ -264,13 +286,58 @@ static uint8_t fw_cfg_read(FWCfgState *s)
 static uint64_t fw_cfg_data_mem_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                                      unsigned size)
 {
-    return fw_cfg_read(opaque);
+    FWCfgState *s = opaque;
+    uint8_t buf[8];
+    unsigned i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+        buf[i] = fw_cfg_read(s);
+    }
+    switch (size) {
+    case 1:
+        return buf[0];
+    case 2:
+        return lduw_he_p(buf);
+    case 4:
+        return (uint32_t)ldl_he_p(buf);
+    case 8:
+        return ldq_he_p(buf);
+    }
+    abort();
 }
 
 static void fw_cfg_data_mem_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                                   uint64_t value, unsigned size)
 {
-    fw_cfg_write(opaque, (uint8_t)value);
+    FWCfgState *s = opaque;
+    uint8_t buf[8];
+    unsigned i;
+
+    switch (size) {
+    case 1:
+        buf[0] = value;
+        break;
+    case 2:
+        stw_he_p(buf, value);
+        break;
+    case 4:
+        stl_he_p(buf, value);
+        break;
+    case 8:
+        stq_he_p(buf, value);
+        break;
+    default:
+        abort();
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+        fw_cfg_write(s, buf[i]);
+    }
+}
+
+static bool fw_cfg_data_mem_valid(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
+                                  unsigned size, bool is_write)
+{
+    return addr == 0;
 }
 
 static void fw_cfg_ctl_mem_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
@@ -312,17 +379,18 @@ static bool fw_cfg_comb_valid(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
 
 static const MemoryRegionOps fw_cfg_ctl_mem_ops = {
     .write = fw_cfg_ctl_mem_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_BIG_ENDIAN,
     .valid.accepts = fw_cfg_ctl_mem_valid,
 };
 
 static const MemoryRegionOps fw_cfg_data_mem_ops = {
     .read = fw_cfg_data_mem_read,
     .write = fw_cfg_data_mem_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_BIG_ENDIAN,
     .valid = {
         .min_access_size = 1,
         .max_access_size = 1,
+        .accepts = fw_cfg_data_mem_valid,
     },
 };
 
@@ -560,19 +628,11 @@ static void fw_cfg_machine_ready(struct Notifier *n, void *data)
     qemu_register_reset(fw_cfg_machine_reset, s);
 }
 
-FWCfgState *fw_cfg_init(uint32_t ctl_port, uint32_t data_port,
-                        hwaddr ctl_addr, hwaddr data_addr)
-{
-    DeviceState *dev;
-    SysBusDevice *d;
-    FWCfgState *s;
 
-    dev = qdev_create(NULL, TYPE_FW_CFG);
-    qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "ctl_iobase", ctl_port);
-    qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "data_iobase", data_port);
-    d = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
 
-    s = FW_CFG(dev);
+static void fw_cfg_init1(DeviceState *dev)
+{
+    FWCfgState *s = FW_CFG(dev);
 
     assert(!object_resolve_path(FW_CFG_PATH, NULL));
 
@@ -580,12 +640,6 @@ FWCfgState *fw_cfg_init(uint32_t ctl_port, uint32_t data_port,
 
     qdev_init_nofail(dev);
 
-    if (ctl_addr) {
-        sysbus_mmio_map(d, 0, ctl_addr);
-    }
-    if (data_addr) {
-        sysbus_mmio_map(d, 1, data_addr);
-    }
     fw_cfg_add_bytes(s, FW_CFG_SIGNATURE, (char *)"QEMU", 4);
     fw_cfg_add_bytes(s, FW_CFG_UUID, qemu_uuid, 16);
     fw_cfg_add_i16(s, FW_CFG_NOGRAPHIC, (uint16_t)(display_type == DT_NOGRAPHIC));
@@ -596,48 +650,43 @@ FWCfgState *fw_cfg_init(uint32_t ctl_port, uint32_t data_port,
 
     s->machine_ready.notify = fw_cfg_machine_ready;
     qemu_add_machine_init_done_notifier(&s->machine_ready);
-
-    return s;
 }
 
-static void fw_cfg_initfn(Object *obj)
+FWCfgState *fw_cfg_init_io(uint32_t iobase)
 {
-    SysBusDevice *sbd = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(obj);
-    FWCfgState *s = FW_CFG(obj);
+    DeviceState *dev;
 
-    memory_region_init_io(&s->ctl_iomem, OBJECT(s), &fw_cfg_ctl_mem_ops, s,
-                          "fwcfg.ctl", FW_CFG_SIZE);
-    sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->ctl_iomem);
-    memory_region_init_io(&s->data_iomem, OBJECT(s), &fw_cfg_data_mem_ops, s,
-                          "fwcfg.data", FW_CFG_DATA_SIZE);
-    sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->data_iomem);
-    /* In case ctl and data overlap: */
-    memory_region_init_io(&s->comb_iomem, OBJECT(s), &fw_cfg_comb_mem_ops, s,
-                          "fwcfg", FW_CFG_SIZE);
+    dev = qdev_create(NULL, TYPE_FW_CFG_IO);
+    qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "iobase", iobase);
+    fw_cfg_init1(dev);
+
+    return FW_CFG(dev);
 }
 
-static void fw_cfg_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
+FWCfgState *fw_cfg_init_mem_wide(hwaddr ctl_addr, hwaddr data_addr,
+                                 uint32_t data_width)
 {
-    FWCfgState *s = FW_CFG(dev);
-    SysBusDevice *sbd = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
+    DeviceState *dev;
+    SysBusDevice *sbd;
 
-    if (s->ctl_iobase + 1 == s->data_iobase) {
-        sysbus_add_io(sbd, s->ctl_iobase, &s->comb_iomem);
-    } else {
-        if (s->ctl_iobase) {
-            sysbus_add_io(sbd, s->ctl_iobase, &s->ctl_iomem);
-        }
-        if (s->data_iobase) {
-            sysbus_add_io(sbd, s->data_iobase, &s->data_iomem);
-        }
-    }
+    dev = qdev_create(NULL, TYPE_FW_CFG_MEM);
+    qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "data_width", data_width);
+
+    fw_cfg_init1(dev);
+
+    sbd = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
+    sysbus_mmio_map(sbd, 0, ctl_addr);
+    sysbus_mmio_map(sbd, 1, data_addr);
+
+    return FW_CFG(dev);
+}
+
+FWCfgState *fw_cfg_init_mem(hwaddr ctl_addr, hwaddr data_addr)
+{
+    return fw_cfg_init_mem_wide(ctl_addr, data_addr,
+                                fw_cfg_data_mem_ops.valid.max_access_size);
 }
 
-static Property fw_cfg_properties[] = {
-    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("ctl_iobase", FWCfgState, ctl_iobase, -1),
-    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("data_iobase", FWCfgState, data_iobase, -1),
-    DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
-};
 
 FWCfgState *fw_cfg_find(void)
 {
@@ -648,23 +697,102 @@ static void fw_cfg_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
 {
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    dc->realize = fw_cfg_realize;
     dc->reset = fw_cfg_reset;
     dc->vmsd = &vmstate_fw_cfg;
-    dc->props = fw_cfg_properties;
 }
 
 static const TypeInfo fw_cfg_info = {
     .name          = TYPE_FW_CFG,
     .parent        = TYPE_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
     .instance_size = sizeof(FWCfgState),
-    .instance_init = fw_cfg_initfn,
     .class_init    = fw_cfg_class_init,
 };
 
+
+static Property fw_cfg_io_properties[] = {
+    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("iobase", FWCfgIoState, iobase, -1),
+    DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
+};
+
+static void fw_cfg_io_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
+{
+    FWCfgIoState *s = FW_CFG_IO(dev);
+    SysBusDevice *sbd = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
+
+    memory_region_init_io(&s->comb_iomem, OBJECT(s), &fw_cfg_comb_mem_ops,
+                          FW_CFG(s), "fwcfg", FW_CFG_SIZE);
+    sysbus_add_io(sbd, s->iobase, &s->comb_iomem);
+}
+
+static void fw_cfg_io_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
+{
+    DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
+
+    dc->realize = fw_cfg_io_realize;
+    dc->props = fw_cfg_io_properties;
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo fw_cfg_io_info = {
+    .name          = TYPE_FW_CFG_IO,
+    .parent        = TYPE_FW_CFG,
+    .instance_size = sizeof(FWCfgIoState),
+    .class_init    = fw_cfg_io_class_init,
+};
+
+
+static Property fw_cfg_mem_properties[] = {
+    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("data_width", FWCfgMemState, data_width, -1),
+    DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
+};
+
+static void fw_cfg_mem_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
+{
+    FWCfgMemState *s = FW_CFG_MEM(dev);
+    SysBusDevice *sbd = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
+    const MemoryRegionOps *data_ops = &fw_cfg_data_mem_ops;
+
+    memory_region_init_io(&s->ctl_iomem, OBJECT(s), &fw_cfg_ctl_mem_ops,
+                          FW_CFG(s), "fwcfg.ctl", FW_CFG_SIZE);
+    sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->ctl_iomem);
+
+    if (s->data_width > data_ops->valid.max_access_size) {
+        /* memberwise copy because the "old_mmio" member is const */
+        s->wide_data_ops.read       = data_ops->read;
+        s->wide_data_ops.write      = data_ops->write;
+        s->wide_data_ops.endianness = data_ops->endianness;
+        s->wide_data_ops.valid      = data_ops->valid;
+        s->wide_data_ops.impl       = data_ops->impl;
+
+        s->wide_data_ops.valid.max_access_size = s->data_width;
+        s->wide_data_ops.impl.max_access_size  = s->data_width;
+        data_ops = &s->wide_data_ops;
+    }
+    memory_region_init_io(&s->data_iomem, OBJECT(s), data_ops, FW_CFG(s),
+                          "fwcfg.data", data_ops->valid.max_access_size);
+    sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->data_iomem);
+}
+
+static void fw_cfg_mem_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
+{
+    DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
+
+    dc->realize = fw_cfg_mem_realize;
+    dc->props = fw_cfg_mem_properties;
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo fw_cfg_mem_info = {
+    .name          = TYPE_FW_CFG_MEM,
+    .parent        = TYPE_FW_CFG,
+    .instance_size = sizeof(FWCfgMemState),
+    .class_init    = fw_cfg_mem_class_init,
+};
+
+
 static void fw_cfg_register_types(void)
 {
     type_register_static(&fw_cfg_info);
+    type_register_static(&fw_cfg_io_info);
+    type_register_static(&fw_cfg_mem_info);
 }
 
 type_init(fw_cfg_register_types)
diff --git a/hw/ppc/mac_newworld.c b/hw/ppc/mac_newworld.c
index 89aee716d4..c3770121e2 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/mac_newworld.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/mac_newworld.c
@@ -116,10 +116,10 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps unin_ops = {
     .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
 };
 
-static int fw_cfg_boot_set(void *opaque, const char *boot_device)
+static void fw_cfg_boot_set(void *opaque, const char *boot_device,
+                            Error **errp)
 {
     fw_cfg_add_i16(opaque, FW_CFG_BOOT_DEVICE, boot_device[0]);
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static uint64_t translate_kernel_address(void *opaque, uint64_t addr)
@@ -371,6 +371,7 @@ static void ppc_core99_init(MachineState *machine)
         /* 970 gets a U3 bus */
         pci_bus = pci_pmac_u3_init(pic, get_system_memory(), get_system_io());
         machine_arch = ARCH_MAC99_U3;
+        machine->usb |= defaults_enabled();
     } else {
         pci_bus = pci_pmac_init(pic, get_system_memory(), get_system_io());
         machine_arch = ARCH_MAC99;
@@ -417,7 +418,7 @@ static void ppc_core99_init(MachineState *machine)
     dev = qdev_create(adb_bus, TYPE_ADB_MOUSE);
     qdev_init_nofail(dev);
 
-    if (usb_enabled(machine_arch == ARCH_MAC99_U3)) {
+    if (machine->usb) {
         pci_create_simple(pci_bus, -1, "pci-ohci");
         /* U3 needs to use USB for input because Linux doesn't support via-cuda
         on PPC64 */
@@ -454,7 +455,7 @@ static void ppc_core99_init(MachineState *machine)
     pmac_format_nvram_partition(nvr, 0x2000);
     /* No PCI init: the BIOS will do it */
 
-    fw_cfg = fw_cfg_init(0, 0, CFG_ADDR, CFG_ADDR + 2);
+    fw_cfg = fw_cfg_init_mem(CFG_ADDR, CFG_ADDR + 2);
     fw_cfg_add_i16(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_MAX_CPUS, (uint16_t)max_cpus);
     fw_cfg_add_i32(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_ID, 1);
     fw_cfg_add_i64(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_RAM_SIZE, (uint64_t)ram_size);
@@ -501,18 +502,27 @@ static int core99_kvm_type(const char *arg)
     return 2;
 }
 
-static QEMUMachine core99_machine = {
-    .name = "mac99",
-    .desc = "Mac99 based PowerMAC",
-    .init = ppc_core99_init,
-    .max_cpus = MAX_CPUS,
-    .default_boot_order = "cd",
-    .kvm_type = core99_kvm_type,
+static void core99_machine_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
+{
+    MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
+
+    mc->name = "mac99";
+    mc->desc = "Mac99 based PowerMAC";
+    mc->init = ppc_core99_init;
+    mc->max_cpus = MAX_CPUS;
+    mc->default_boot_order = "cd";
+    mc->kvm_type = core99_kvm_type;
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo core99_machine_info = {
+    .name          = "mac99-machine",
+    .parent        = TYPE_MACHINE,
+    .class_init    = core99_machine_class_init,
 };
 
-static void core99_machine_init(void)
+static void mac_machine_register_types(void)
 {
-    qemu_register_machine(&core99_machine);
+    type_register_static(&core99_machine_info);
 }
 
-machine_init(core99_machine_init);
+type_init(mac_machine_register_types)
diff --git a/hw/ppc/mac_oldworld.c b/hw/ppc/mac_oldworld.c
index 32c21a4286..3079510058 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/mac_oldworld.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/mac_oldworld.c
@@ -49,13 +49,12 @@
 #define CLOCKFREQ 266000000UL
 #define BUSFREQ 66000000UL
 
-static int fw_cfg_boot_set(void *opaque, const char *boot_device)
+static void fw_cfg_boot_set(void *opaque, const char *boot_device,
+                            Error **errp)
 {
     fw_cfg_add_i16(opaque, FW_CFG_BOOT_DEVICE, boot_device[0]);
-    return 0;
 }
 
-
 static uint64_t translate_kernel_address(void *opaque, uint64_t addr)
 {
     return (addr & 0x0fffffff) + KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR;
@@ -305,7 +304,7 @@ static void ppc_heathrow_init(MachineState *machine)
     dev = qdev_create(adb_bus, TYPE_ADB_MOUSE);
     qdev_init_nofail(dev);
 
-    if (usb_enabled(false)) {
+    if (usb_enabled()) {
         pci_create_simple(pci_bus, -1, "pci-ohci");
     }
 
@@ -314,7 +313,7 @@ static void ppc_heathrow_init(MachineState *machine)
 
     /* No PCI init: the BIOS will do it */
 
-    fw_cfg = fw_cfg_init(0, 0, CFG_ADDR, CFG_ADDR + 2);
+    fw_cfg = fw_cfg_init_mem(CFG_ADDR, CFG_ADDR + 2);
     fw_cfg_add_i16(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_MAX_CPUS, (uint16_t)max_cpus);
     fw_cfg_add_i32(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_ID, 1);
     fw_cfg_add_i64(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_RAM_SIZE, (uint64_t)ram_size);
diff --git a/hw/ppc/prep.c b/hw/ppc/prep.c
index dd8433d0c9..15df7f3dae 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/prep.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/prep.c
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ static void ppc_prep_init(MachineState *machine)
     memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, 0xFEFF0000, xcsr);
 #endif
 
-    if (usb_enabled(false)) {
+    if (usb_enabled()) {
         pci_create_simple(pci_bus, -1, "pci-ohci");
     }
 
diff --git a/hw/ppc/spapr.c b/hw/ppc/spapr.c
index 30de25de5c..53c4116ed3 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/spapr.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/spapr.c
@@ -1484,9 +1484,10 @@ static void ppc_spapr_init(MachineState *machine)
     /* Graphics */
     if (spapr_vga_init(phb->bus)) {
         spapr->has_graphics = true;
+        machine->usb |= defaults_enabled();
     }
 
-    if (usb_enabled(spapr->has_graphics)) {
+    if (machine->usb) {
         pci_create_simple(phb->bus, -1, "pci-ohci");
         if (spapr->has_graphics) {
             usbdevice_create("keyboard");
@@ -1655,6 +1656,9 @@ static void spapr_machine_initfn(Object *obj)
 {
     object_property_add_str(obj, "kvm-type",
                             spapr_get_kvm_type, spapr_set_kvm_type, NULL);
+    object_property_set_description(obj, "kvm-type",
+                                    "Specifies the KVM virtualization mode (HV, PR)",
+                                    NULL);
 }
 
 static void ppc_cpu_do_nmi_on_cpu(void *arg)
diff --git a/hw/ppc/spapr_pci_vfio.c b/hw/ppc/spapr_pci_vfio.c
index d3bddf2887..144912bf54 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/spapr_pci_vfio.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/spapr_pci_vfio.c
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 #include "hw/ppc/spapr.h"
 #include "hw/pci-host/spapr.h"
 #include "linux/vfio.h"
-#include "hw/misc/vfio.h"
+#include "hw/vfio/vfio.h"
 
 static Property spapr_phb_vfio_properties[] = {
     DEFINE_PROP_INT32("iommu", sPAPRPHBVFIOState, iommugroupid, -1),
diff --git a/hw/sparc/sun4m.c b/hw/sparc/sun4m.c
index 8273199f11..ecd9dc1414 100644
--- a/hw/sparc/sun4m.c
+++ b/hw/sparc/sun4m.c
@@ -121,10 +121,10 @@ void DMA_register_channel (int nchan,
 {
 }
 
-static int fw_cfg_boot_set(void *opaque, const char *boot_device)
+static void fw_cfg_boot_set(void *opaque, const char *boot_device,
+                            Error **errp)
 {
     fw_cfg_add_i16(opaque, FW_CFG_BOOT_DEVICE, boot_device[0]);
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static void nvram_init(M48t59State *nvram, uint8_t *macaddr,
@@ -1084,7 +1084,7 @@ static void sun4m_hw_init(const struct sun4m_hwdef *hwdef,
         ecc_init(hwdef->ecc_base, slavio_irq[28],
                  hwdef->ecc_version);
 
-    fw_cfg = fw_cfg_init(0, 0, CFG_ADDR, CFG_ADDR + 2);
+    fw_cfg = fw_cfg_init_mem(CFG_ADDR, CFG_ADDR + 2);
     fw_cfg_add_i16(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_MAX_CPUS, (uint16_t)max_cpus);
     fw_cfg_add_i32(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_ID, 1);
     fw_cfg_add_i64(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_RAM_SIZE, (uint64_t)ram_size);
diff --git a/hw/sparc64/sun4u.c b/hw/sparc64/sun4u.c
index f42112c1b2..3ff5bd8871 100644
--- a/hw/sparc64/sun4u.c
+++ b/hw/sparc64/sun4u.c
@@ -124,10 +124,10 @@ void DMA_register_channel (int nchan,
 {
 }
 
-static int fw_cfg_boot_set(void *opaque, const char *boot_device)
+static void fw_cfg_boot_set(void *opaque, const char *boot_device,
+                            Error **errp)
 {
     fw_cfg_add_i16(opaque, FW_CFG_BOOT_DEVICE, boot_device[0]);
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static int sun4u_NVRAM_set_params(M48t59State *nvram, uint16_t NVRAM_size,
@@ -892,7 +892,7 @@ static void sun4uv_init(MemoryRegion *address_space_mem,
                            graphic_width, graphic_height, graphic_depth,
                            (uint8_t *)&nd_table[0].macaddr);
 
-    fw_cfg = fw_cfg_init(BIOS_CFG_IOPORT, BIOS_CFG_IOPORT + 1, 0, 0);
+    fw_cfg = fw_cfg_init_io(BIOS_CFG_IOPORT);
     fw_cfg_add_i16(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_MAX_CPUS, (uint16_t)max_cpus);
     fw_cfg_add_i32(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_ID, 1);
     fw_cfg_add_i64(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_RAM_SIZE, (uint64_t)ram_size);
diff --git a/hw/vfio/Makefile.objs b/hw/vfio/Makefile.objs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e31f30ec09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw/vfio/Makefile.objs
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+ifeq ($(CONFIG_LINUX), y)
+obj-$(CONFIG_SOFTMMU) += common.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_PCI) += pci.o
+endif
diff --git a/hw/vfio/common.c b/hw/vfio/common.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf483fffa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw/vfio/common.c
@@ -0,0 +1,959 @@
+/*
+ * generic functions used by VFIO devices
+ *
+ * Copyright Red Hat, Inc. 2012
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *  Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.  See
+ * the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ *
+ * Based on qemu-kvm device-assignment:
+ *  Adapted for KVM by Qumranet.
+ *  Copyright (c) 2007, Neocleus, Alex Novik (alex@neocleus.com)
+ *  Copyright (c) 2007, Neocleus, Guy Zana (guy@neocleus.com)
+ *  Copyright (C) 2008, Qumranet, Amit Shah (amit.shah@qumranet.com)
+ *  Copyright (C) 2008, Red Hat, Amit Shah (amit.shah@redhat.com)
+ *  Copyright (C) 2008, IBM, Muli Ben-Yehuda (muli@il.ibm.com)
+ */
+
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <linux/vfio.h>
+
+#include "hw/vfio/vfio-common.h"
+#include "hw/vfio/vfio.h"
+#include "exec/address-spaces.h"
+#include "exec/memory.h"
+#include "hw/hw.h"
+#include "qemu/error-report.h"
+#include "sysemu/kvm.h"
+#include "trace.h"
+
+struct vfio_group_head vfio_group_list =
+    QLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(vfio_address_spaces);
+struct vfio_as_head vfio_address_spaces =
+    QLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(vfio_address_spaces);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_KVM
+/*
+ * We have a single VFIO pseudo device per KVM VM.  Once created it lives
+ * for the life of the VM.  Closing the file descriptor only drops our
+ * reference to it and the device's reference to kvm.  Therefore once
+ * initialized, this file descriptor is only released on QEMU exit and
+ * we'll re-use it should another vfio device be attached before then.
+ */
+static int vfio_kvm_device_fd = -1;
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Common VFIO interrupt disable
+ */
+void vfio_disable_irqindex(VFIODevice *vbasedev, int index)
+{
+    struct vfio_irq_set irq_set = {
+        .argsz = sizeof(irq_set),
+        .flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_NONE | VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_TRIGGER,
+        .index = index,
+        .start = 0,
+        .count = 0,
+    };
+
+    ioctl(vbasedev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, &irq_set);
+}
+
+void vfio_unmask_single_irqindex(VFIODevice *vbasedev, int index)
+{
+    struct vfio_irq_set irq_set = {
+        .argsz = sizeof(irq_set),
+        .flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_NONE | VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_UNMASK,
+        .index = index,
+        .start = 0,
+        .count = 1,
+    };
+
+    ioctl(vbasedev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, &irq_set);
+}
+
+void vfio_mask_single_irqindex(VFIODevice *vbasedev, int index)
+{
+    struct vfio_irq_set irq_set = {
+        .argsz = sizeof(irq_set),
+        .flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_NONE | VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_MASK,
+        .index = index,
+        .start = 0,
+        .count = 1,
+    };
+
+    ioctl(vbasedev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, &irq_set);
+}
+
+/*
+ * IO Port/MMIO - Beware of the endians, VFIO is always little endian
+ */
+void vfio_region_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
+                       uint64_t data, unsigned size)
+{
+    VFIORegion *region = opaque;
+    VFIODevice *vbasedev = region->vbasedev;
+    union {
+        uint8_t byte;
+        uint16_t word;
+        uint32_t dword;
+        uint64_t qword;
+    } buf;
+
+    switch (size) {
+    case 1:
+        buf.byte = data;
+        break;
+    case 2:
+        buf.word = cpu_to_le16(data);
+        break;
+    case 4:
+        buf.dword = cpu_to_le32(data);
+        break;
+    default:
+        hw_error("vfio: unsupported write size, %d bytes", size);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if (pwrite(vbasedev->fd, &buf, size, region->fd_offset + addr) != size) {
+        error_report("%s(%s:region%d+0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", 0x%"PRIx64
+                     ",%d) failed: %m",
+                     __func__, vbasedev->name, region->nr,
+                     addr, data, size);
+    }
+
+    trace_vfio_region_write(vbasedev->name, region->nr, addr, data, size);
+
+    /*
+     * A read or write to a BAR always signals an INTx EOI.  This will
+     * do nothing if not pending (including not in INTx mode).  We assume
+     * that a BAR access is in response to an interrupt and that BAR
+     * accesses will service the interrupt.  Unfortunately, we don't know
+     * which access will service the interrupt, so we're potentially
+     * getting quite a few host interrupts per guest interrupt.
+     */
+    vbasedev->ops->vfio_eoi(vbasedev);
+}
+
+uint64_t vfio_region_read(void *opaque,
+                          hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
+{
+    VFIORegion *region = opaque;
+    VFIODevice *vbasedev = region->vbasedev;
+    union {
+        uint8_t byte;
+        uint16_t word;
+        uint32_t dword;
+        uint64_t qword;
+    } buf;
+    uint64_t data = 0;
+
+    if (pread(vbasedev->fd, &buf, size, region->fd_offset + addr) != size) {
+        error_report("%s(%s:region%d+0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %d) failed: %m",
+                     __func__, vbasedev->name, region->nr,
+                     addr, size);
+        return (uint64_t)-1;
+    }
+    switch (size) {
+    case 1:
+        data = buf.byte;
+        break;
+    case 2:
+        data = le16_to_cpu(buf.word);
+        break;
+    case 4:
+        data = le32_to_cpu(buf.dword);
+        break;
+    default:
+        hw_error("vfio: unsupported read size, %d bytes", size);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    trace_vfio_region_read(vbasedev->name, region->nr, addr, size, data);
+
+    /* Same as write above */
+    vbasedev->ops->vfio_eoi(vbasedev);
+
+    return data;
+}
+
+const MemoryRegionOps vfio_region_ops = {
+    .read = vfio_region_read,
+    .write = vfio_region_write,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
+};
+
+/*
+ * DMA - Mapping and unmapping for the "type1" IOMMU interface used on x86
+ */
+static int vfio_dma_unmap(VFIOContainer *container,
+                          hwaddr iova, ram_addr_t size)
+{
+    struct vfio_iommu_type1_dma_unmap unmap = {
+        .argsz = sizeof(unmap),
+        .flags = 0,
+        .iova = iova,
+        .size = size,
+    };
+
+    if (ioctl(container->fd, VFIO_IOMMU_UNMAP_DMA, &unmap)) {
+        error_report("VFIO_UNMAP_DMA: %d\n", -errno);
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int vfio_dma_map(VFIOContainer *container, hwaddr iova,
+                        ram_addr_t size, void *vaddr, bool readonly)
+{
+    struct vfio_iommu_type1_dma_map map = {
+        .argsz = sizeof(map),
+        .flags = VFIO_DMA_MAP_FLAG_READ,
+        .vaddr = (__u64)(uintptr_t)vaddr,
+        .iova = iova,
+        .size = size,
+    };
+
+    if (!readonly) {
+        map.flags |= VFIO_DMA_MAP_FLAG_WRITE;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Try the mapping, if it fails with EBUSY, unmap the region and try
+     * again.  This shouldn't be necessary, but we sometimes see it in
+     * the the VGA ROM space.
+     */
+    if (ioctl(container->fd, VFIO_IOMMU_MAP_DMA, &map) == 0 ||
+        (errno == EBUSY && vfio_dma_unmap(container, iova, size) == 0 &&
+         ioctl(container->fd, VFIO_IOMMU_MAP_DMA, &map) == 0)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    error_report("VFIO_MAP_DMA: %d\n", -errno);
+    return -errno;
+}
+
+static bool vfio_listener_skipped_section(MemoryRegionSection *section)
+{
+    return (!memory_region_is_ram(section->mr) &&
+            !memory_region_is_iommu(section->mr)) ||
+           /*
+            * Sizing an enabled 64-bit BAR can cause spurious mappings to
+            * addresses in the upper part of the 64-bit address space.  These
+            * are never accessed by the CPU and beyond the address width of
+            * some IOMMU hardware.  TODO: VFIO should tell us the IOMMU width.
+            */
+           section->offset_within_address_space & (1ULL << 63);
+}
+
+static void vfio_iommu_map_notify(Notifier *n, void *data)
+{
+    VFIOGuestIOMMU *giommu = container_of(n, VFIOGuestIOMMU, n);
+    VFIOContainer *container = giommu->container;
+    IOMMUTLBEntry *iotlb = data;
+    MemoryRegion *mr;
+    hwaddr xlat;
+    hwaddr len = iotlb->addr_mask + 1;
+    void *vaddr;
+    int ret;
+
+    trace_vfio_iommu_map_notify(iotlb->iova,
+                                iotlb->iova + iotlb->addr_mask);
+
+    /*
+     * The IOMMU TLB entry we have just covers translation through
+     * this IOMMU to its immediate target.  We need to translate
+     * it the rest of the way through to memory.
+     */
+    mr = address_space_translate(&address_space_memory,
+                                 iotlb->translated_addr,
+                                 &xlat, &len, iotlb->perm & IOMMU_WO);
+    if (!memory_region_is_ram(mr)) {
+        error_report("iommu map to non memory area %"HWADDR_PRIx"\n",
+                     xlat);
+        return;
+    }
+    /*
+     * Translation truncates length to the IOMMU page size,
+     * check that it did not truncate too much.
+     */
+    if (len & iotlb->addr_mask) {
+        error_report("iommu has granularity incompatible with target AS\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if ((iotlb->perm & IOMMU_RW) != IOMMU_NONE) {
+        vaddr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(mr) + xlat;
+        ret = vfio_dma_map(container, iotlb->iova,
+                           iotlb->addr_mask + 1, vaddr,
+                           !(iotlb->perm & IOMMU_WO) || mr->readonly);
+        if (ret) {
+            error_report("vfio_dma_map(%p, 0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", "
+                         "0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %p) = %d (%m)",
+                         container, iotlb->iova,
+                         iotlb->addr_mask + 1, vaddr, ret);
+        }
+    } else {
+        ret = vfio_dma_unmap(container, iotlb->iova, iotlb->addr_mask + 1);
+        if (ret) {
+            error_report("vfio_dma_unmap(%p, 0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", "
+                         "0x%"HWADDR_PRIx") = %d (%m)",
+                         container, iotlb->iova,
+                         iotlb->addr_mask + 1, ret);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void vfio_listener_region_add(MemoryListener *listener,
+                                     MemoryRegionSection *section)
+{
+    VFIOContainer *container = container_of(listener, VFIOContainer,
+                                            iommu_data.type1.listener);
+    hwaddr iova, end;
+    Int128 llend;
+    void *vaddr;
+    int ret;
+
+    if (vfio_listener_skipped_section(section)) {
+        trace_vfio_listener_region_add_skip(
+                section->offset_within_address_space,
+                section->offset_within_address_space +
+                int128_get64(int128_sub(section->size, int128_one())));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (unlikely((section->offset_within_address_space & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK) !=
+                 (section->offset_within_region & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK))) {
+        error_report("%s received unaligned region", __func__);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    iova = TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(section->offset_within_address_space);
+    llend = int128_make64(section->offset_within_address_space);
+    llend = int128_add(llend, section->size);
+    llend = int128_and(llend, int128_exts64(TARGET_PAGE_MASK));
+
+    if (int128_ge(int128_make64(iova), llend)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    memory_region_ref(section->mr);
+
+    if (memory_region_is_iommu(section->mr)) {
+        VFIOGuestIOMMU *giommu;
+
+        trace_vfio_listener_region_add_iommu(iova,
+                    int128_get64(int128_sub(llend, int128_one())));
+        /*
+         * FIXME: We should do some checking to see if the
+         * capabilities of the host VFIO IOMMU are adequate to model
+         * the guest IOMMU
+         *
+         * FIXME: For VFIO iommu types which have KVM acceleration to
+         * avoid bouncing all map/unmaps through qemu this way, this
+         * would be the right place to wire that up (tell the KVM
+         * device emulation the VFIO iommu handles to use).
+         */
+        /*
+         * This assumes that the guest IOMMU is empty of
+         * mappings at this point.
+         *
+         * One way of doing this is:
+         * 1. Avoid sharing IOMMUs between emulated devices or different
+         * IOMMU groups.
+         * 2. Implement VFIO_IOMMU_ENABLE in the host kernel to fail if
+         * there are some mappings in IOMMU.
+         *
+         * VFIO on SPAPR does that. Other IOMMU models may do that different,
+         * they must make sure there are no existing mappings or
+         * loop through existing mappings to map them into VFIO.
+         */
+        giommu = g_malloc0(sizeof(*giommu));
+        giommu->iommu = section->mr;
+        giommu->container = container;
+        giommu->n.notify = vfio_iommu_map_notify;
+        QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&container->giommu_list, giommu, giommu_next);
+        memory_region_register_iommu_notifier(giommu->iommu, &giommu->n);
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Here we assume that memory_region_is_ram(section->mr)==true */
+
+    end = int128_get64(llend);
+    vaddr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(section->mr) +
+            section->offset_within_region +
+            (iova - section->offset_within_address_space);
+
+    trace_vfio_listener_region_add_ram(iova, end - 1, vaddr);
+
+    ret = vfio_dma_map(container, iova, end - iova, vaddr, section->readonly);
+    if (ret) {
+        error_report("vfio_dma_map(%p, 0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", "
+                     "0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %p) = %d (%m)",
+                     container, iova, end - iova, vaddr, ret);
+
+        /*
+         * On the initfn path, store the first error in the container so we
+         * can gracefully fail.  Runtime, there's not much we can do other
+         * than throw a hardware error.
+         */
+        if (!container->iommu_data.type1.initialized) {
+            if (!container->iommu_data.type1.error) {
+                container->iommu_data.type1.error = ret;
+            }
+        } else {
+            hw_error("vfio: DMA mapping failed, unable to continue");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void vfio_listener_region_del(MemoryListener *listener,
+                                     MemoryRegionSection *section)
+{
+    VFIOContainer *container = container_of(listener, VFIOContainer,
+                                            iommu_data.type1.listener);
+    hwaddr iova, end;
+    int ret;
+
+    if (vfio_listener_skipped_section(section)) {
+        trace_vfio_listener_region_del_skip(
+                section->offset_within_address_space,
+                section->offset_within_address_space +
+                int128_get64(int128_sub(section->size, int128_one())));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (unlikely((section->offset_within_address_space & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK) !=
+                 (section->offset_within_region & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK))) {
+        error_report("%s received unaligned region", __func__);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (memory_region_is_iommu(section->mr)) {
+        VFIOGuestIOMMU *giommu;
+
+        QLIST_FOREACH(giommu, &container->giommu_list, giommu_next) {
+            if (giommu->iommu == section->mr) {
+                memory_region_unregister_iommu_notifier(&giommu->n);
+                QLIST_REMOVE(giommu, giommu_next);
+                g_free(giommu);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * FIXME: We assume the one big unmap below is adequate to
+         * remove any individual page mappings in the IOMMU which
+         * might have been copied into VFIO. This works for a page table
+         * based IOMMU where a big unmap flattens a large range of IO-PTEs.
+         * That may not be true for all IOMMU types.
+         */
+    }
+
+    iova = TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(section->offset_within_address_space);
+    end = (section->offset_within_address_space + int128_get64(section->size)) &
+          TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
+
+    if (iova >= end) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    trace_vfio_listener_region_del(iova, end - 1);
+
+    ret = vfio_dma_unmap(container, iova, end - iova);
+    memory_region_unref(section->mr);
+    if (ret) {
+        error_report("vfio_dma_unmap(%p, 0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", "
+                     "0x%"HWADDR_PRIx") = %d (%m)",
+                     container, iova, end - iova, ret);
+    }
+}
+
+const MemoryListener vfio_memory_listener = {
+    .region_add = vfio_listener_region_add,
+    .region_del = vfio_listener_region_del,
+};
+
+void vfio_listener_release(VFIOContainer *container)
+{
+    memory_listener_unregister(&container->iommu_data.type1.listener);
+}
+
+int vfio_mmap_region(Object *obj, VFIORegion *region,
+                     MemoryRegion *mem, MemoryRegion *submem,
+                     void **map, size_t size, off_t offset,
+                     const char *name)
+{
+    int ret = 0;
+    VFIODevice *vbasedev = region->vbasedev;
+
+    if (VFIO_ALLOW_MMAP && size && region->flags &
+        VFIO_REGION_INFO_FLAG_MMAP) {
+        int prot = 0;
+
+        if (region->flags & VFIO_REGION_INFO_FLAG_READ) {
+            prot |= PROT_READ;
+        }
+
+        if (region->flags & VFIO_REGION_INFO_FLAG_WRITE) {
+            prot |= PROT_WRITE;
+        }
+
+        *map = mmap(NULL, size, prot, MAP_SHARED,
+                    vbasedev->fd,
+                    region->fd_offset + offset);
+        if (*map == MAP_FAILED) {
+            *map = NULL;
+            ret = -errno;
+            goto empty_region;
+        }
+
+        memory_region_init_ram_ptr(submem, obj, name, size, *map);
+        memory_region_set_skip_dump(submem);
+    } else {
+empty_region:
+        /* Create a zero sized sub-region to make cleanup easy. */
+        memory_region_init(submem, obj, name, 0);
+    }
+
+    memory_region_add_subregion(mem, offset, submem);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+void vfio_reset_handler(void *opaque)
+{
+    VFIOGroup *group;
+    VFIODevice *vbasedev;
+
+    QLIST_FOREACH(group, &vfio_group_list, next) {
+        QLIST_FOREACH(vbasedev, &group->device_list, next) {
+            vbasedev->ops->vfio_compute_needs_reset(vbasedev);
+        }
+    }
+
+    QLIST_FOREACH(group, &vfio_group_list, next) {
+        QLIST_FOREACH(vbasedev, &group->device_list, next) {
+            if (vbasedev->needs_reset) {
+                vbasedev->ops->vfio_hot_reset_multi(vbasedev);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void vfio_kvm_device_add_group(VFIOGroup *group)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_KVM
+    struct kvm_device_attr attr = {
+        .group = KVM_DEV_VFIO_GROUP,
+        .attr = KVM_DEV_VFIO_GROUP_ADD,
+        .addr = (uint64_t)(unsigned long)&group->fd,
+    };
+
+    if (!kvm_enabled()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (vfio_kvm_device_fd < 0) {
+        struct kvm_create_device cd = {
+            .type = KVM_DEV_TYPE_VFIO,
+        };
+
+        if (kvm_vm_ioctl(kvm_state, KVM_CREATE_DEVICE, &cd)) {
+            error_report("Failed to create KVM VFIO device: %m\n");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        vfio_kvm_device_fd = cd.fd;
+    }
+
+    if (ioctl(vfio_kvm_device_fd, KVM_SET_DEVICE_ATTR, &attr)) {
+        error_report("Failed to add group %d to KVM VFIO device: %m",
+                     group->groupid);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+static void vfio_kvm_device_del_group(VFIOGroup *group)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_KVM
+    struct kvm_device_attr attr = {
+        .group = KVM_DEV_VFIO_GROUP,
+        .attr = KVM_DEV_VFIO_GROUP_DEL,
+        .addr = (uint64_t)(unsigned long)&group->fd,
+    };
+
+    if (vfio_kvm_device_fd < 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (ioctl(vfio_kvm_device_fd, KVM_SET_DEVICE_ATTR, &attr)) {
+        error_report("Failed to remove group %d from KVM VFIO device: %m",
+                     group->groupid);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+static VFIOAddressSpace *vfio_get_address_space(AddressSpace *as)
+{
+    VFIOAddressSpace *space;
+
+    QLIST_FOREACH(space, &vfio_address_spaces, list) {
+        if (space->as == as) {
+            return space;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* No suitable VFIOAddressSpace, create a new one */
+    space = g_malloc0(sizeof(*space));
+    space->as = as;
+    QLIST_INIT(&space->containers);
+
+    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vfio_address_spaces, space, list);
+
+    return space;
+}
+
+static void vfio_put_address_space(VFIOAddressSpace *space)
+{
+    if (QLIST_EMPTY(&space->containers)) {
+        QLIST_REMOVE(space, list);
+        g_free(space);
+    }
+}
+
+static int vfio_connect_container(VFIOGroup *group, AddressSpace *as)
+{
+    VFIOContainer *container;
+    int ret, fd;
+    VFIOAddressSpace *space;
+
+    space = vfio_get_address_space(as);
+
+    QLIST_FOREACH(container, &space->containers, next) {
+        if (!ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_SET_CONTAINER, &container->fd)) {
+            group->container = container;
+            QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&container->group_list, group, container_next);
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    fd = qemu_open("/dev/vfio/vfio", O_RDWR);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        error_report("vfio: failed to open /dev/vfio/vfio: %m");
+        ret = -errno;
+        goto put_space_exit;
+    }
+
+    ret = ioctl(fd, VFIO_GET_API_VERSION);
+    if (ret != VFIO_API_VERSION) {
+        error_report("vfio: supported vfio version: %d, "
+                     "reported version: %d", VFIO_API_VERSION, ret);
+        ret = -EINVAL;
+        goto close_fd_exit;
+    }
+
+    container = g_malloc0(sizeof(*container));
+    container->space = space;
+    container->fd = fd;
+    if (ioctl(fd, VFIO_CHECK_EXTENSION, VFIO_TYPE1_IOMMU)) {
+        ret = ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_SET_CONTAINER, &fd);
+        if (ret) {
+            error_report("vfio: failed to set group container: %m");
+            ret = -errno;
+            goto free_container_exit;
+        }
+
+        ret = ioctl(fd, VFIO_SET_IOMMU, VFIO_TYPE1_IOMMU);
+        if (ret) {
+            error_report("vfio: failed to set iommu for container: %m");
+            ret = -errno;
+            goto free_container_exit;
+        }
+
+        container->iommu_data.type1.listener = vfio_memory_listener;
+        container->iommu_data.release = vfio_listener_release;
+
+        memory_listener_register(&container->iommu_data.type1.listener,
+                                 container->space->as);
+
+        if (container->iommu_data.type1.error) {
+            ret = container->iommu_data.type1.error;
+            error_report("vfio: memory listener initialization failed for container");
+            goto listener_release_exit;
+        }
+
+        container->iommu_data.type1.initialized = true;
+
+    } else if (ioctl(fd, VFIO_CHECK_EXTENSION, VFIO_SPAPR_TCE_IOMMU)) {
+        ret = ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_SET_CONTAINER, &fd);
+        if (ret) {
+            error_report("vfio: failed to set group container: %m");
+            ret = -errno;
+            goto free_container_exit;
+        }
+        ret = ioctl(fd, VFIO_SET_IOMMU, VFIO_SPAPR_TCE_IOMMU);
+        if (ret) {
+            error_report("vfio: failed to set iommu for container: %m");
+            ret = -errno;
+            goto free_container_exit;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * The host kernel code implementing VFIO_IOMMU_DISABLE is called
+         * when container fd is closed so we do not call it explicitly
+         * in this file.
+         */
+        ret = ioctl(fd, VFIO_IOMMU_ENABLE);
+        if (ret) {
+            error_report("vfio: failed to enable container: %m");
+            ret = -errno;
+            goto free_container_exit;
+        }
+
+        container->iommu_data.type1.listener = vfio_memory_listener;
+        container->iommu_data.release = vfio_listener_release;
+
+        memory_listener_register(&container->iommu_data.type1.listener,
+                                 container->space->as);
+
+    } else {
+        error_report("vfio: No available IOMMU models");
+        ret = -EINVAL;
+        goto free_container_exit;
+    }
+
+    QLIST_INIT(&container->group_list);
+    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&space->containers, container, next);
+
+    group->container = container;
+    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&container->group_list, group, container_next);
+
+    return 0;
+listener_release_exit:
+    vfio_listener_release(container);
+
+free_container_exit:
+    g_free(container);
+
+close_fd_exit:
+    close(fd);
+
+put_space_exit:
+    vfio_put_address_space(space);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static void vfio_disconnect_container(VFIOGroup *group)
+{
+    VFIOContainer *container = group->container;
+
+    if (ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_UNSET_CONTAINER, &container->fd)) {
+        error_report("vfio: error disconnecting group %d from container",
+                     group->groupid);
+    }
+
+    QLIST_REMOVE(group, container_next);
+    group->container = NULL;
+
+    if (QLIST_EMPTY(&container->group_list)) {
+        VFIOAddressSpace *space = container->space;
+
+        if (container->iommu_data.release) {
+            container->iommu_data.release(container);
+        }
+        QLIST_REMOVE(container, next);
+        trace_vfio_disconnect_container(container->fd);
+        close(container->fd);
+        g_free(container);
+
+        vfio_put_address_space(space);
+    }
+}
+
+VFIOGroup *vfio_get_group(int groupid, AddressSpace *as)
+{
+    VFIOGroup *group;
+    char path[32];
+    struct vfio_group_status status = { .argsz = sizeof(status) };
+
+    QLIST_FOREACH(group, &vfio_group_list, next) {
+        if (group->groupid == groupid) {
+            /* Found it.  Now is it already in the right context? */
+            if (group->container->space->as == as) {
+                return group;
+            } else {
+                error_report("vfio: group %d used in multiple address spaces",
+                             group->groupid);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    group = g_malloc0(sizeof(*group));
+
+    snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/dev/vfio/%d", groupid);
+    group->fd = qemu_open(path, O_RDWR);
+    if (group->fd < 0) {
+        error_report("vfio: error opening %s: %m", path);
+        goto free_group_exit;
+    }
+
+    if (ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_GET_STATUS, &status)) {
+        error_report("vfio: error getting group status: %m");
+        goto close_fd_exit;
+    }
+
+    if (!(status.flags & VFIO_GROUP_FLAGS_VIABLE)) {
+        error_report("vfio: error, group %d is not viable, please ensure "
+                     "all devices within the iommu_group are bound to their "
+                     "vfio bus driver.", groupid);
+        goto close_fd_exit;
+    }
+
+    group->groupid = groupid;
+    QLIST_INIT(&group->device_list);
+
+    if (vfio_connect_container(group, as)) {
+        error_report("vfio: failed to setup container for group %d", groupid);
+        goto close_fd_exit;
+    }
+
+    if (QLIST_EMPTY(&vfio_group_list)) {
+        qemu_register_reset(vfio_reset_handler, NULL);
+    }
+
+    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vfio_group_list, group, next);
+
+    vfio_kvm_device_add_group(group);
+
+    return group;
+
+close_fd_exit:
+    close(group->fd);
+
+free_group_exit:
+    g_free(group);
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+void vfio_put_group(VFIOGroup *group)
+{
+    if (!QLIST_EMPTY(&group->device_list)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    vfio_kvm_device_del_group(group);
+    vfio_disconnect_container(group);
+    QLIST_REMOVE(group, next);
+    trace_vfio_put_group(group->fd);
+    close(group->fd);
+    g_free(group);
+
+    if (QLIST_EMPTY(&vfio_group_list)) {
+        qemu_unregister_reset(vfio_reset_handler, NULL);
+    }
+}
+
+int vfio_get_device(VFIOGroup *group, const char *name,
+                       VFIODevice *vbasedev)
+{
+    struct vfio_device_info dev_info = { .argsz = sizeof(dev_info) };
+    int ret;
+
+    ret = ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_GET_DEVICE_FD, name);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        error_report("vfio: error getting device %s from group %d: %m",
+                     name, group->groupid);
+        error_printf("Verify all devices in group %d are bound to vfio-<bus> "
+                     "or pci-stub and not already in use\n", group->groupid);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    vbasedev->fd = ret;
+    vbasedev->group = group;
+    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&group->device_list, vbasedev, next);
+
+    ret = ioctl(vbasedev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_INFO, &dev_info);
+    if (ret) {
+        error_report("vfio: error getting device info: %m");
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    vbasedev->num_irqs = dev_info.num_irqs;
+    vbasedev->num_regions = dev_info.num_regions;
+    vbasedev->flags = dev_info.flags;
+
+    trace_vfio_get_device(name, dev_info.flags, dev_info.num_regions,
+                          dev_info.num_irqs);
+
+    vbasedev->reset_works = !!(dev_info.flags & VFIO_DEVICE_FLAGS_RESET);
+
+    ret = vbasedev->ops->vfio_populate_device(vbasedev);
+
+error:
+    if (ret) {
+        vfio_put_base_device(vbasedev);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+void vfio_put_base_device(VFIODevice *vbasedev)
+{
+    QLIST_REMOVE(vbasedev, next);
+    vbasedev->group = NULL;
+    trace_vfio_put_base_device(vbasedev->fd);
+    close(vbasedev->fd);
+}
+
+static int vfio_container_do_ioctl(AddressSpace *as, int32_t groupid,
+                                   int req, void *param)
+{
+    VFIOGroup *group;
+    VFIOContainer *container;
+    int ret = -1;
+
+    group = vfio_get_group(groupid, as);
+    if (!group) {
+        error_report("vfio: group %d not registered", groupid);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    container = group->container;
+    if (group->container) {
+        ret = ioctl(container->fd, req, param);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            error_report("vfio: failed to ioctl container: ret=%d, %s",
+                         ret, strerror(errno));
+        }
+    }
+
+    vfio_put_group(group);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+int vfio_container_ioctl(AddressSpace *as, int32_t groupid,
+                         int req, void *param)
+{
+    /* We allow only certain ioctls to the container */
+    switch (req) {
+    case VFIO_CHECK_EXTENSION:
+    case VFIO_IOMMU_SPAPR_TCE_GET_INFO:
+        break;
+    default:
+        /* Return an error on unknown requests */
+        error_report("vfio: unsupported ioctl %X", req);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return vfio_container_do_ioctl(as, groupid, req, param);
+}
diff --git a/hw/misc/vfio.c b/hw/vfio/pci.c
index a315c3acdc..b4e73d1f35 100644
--- a/hw/misc/vfio.c
+++ b/hw/vfio/pci.c
@@ -39,28 +39,15 @@
 #include "qemu/range.h"
 #include "sysemu/kvm.h"
 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
-#include "hw/misc/vfio.h"
+#include "trace.h"
+#include "hw/vfio/vfio.h"
+#include "hw/vfio/vfio-common.h"
 
-/* #define DEBUG_VFIO */
-#ifdef DEBUG_VFIO
-#define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) \
-    do { fprintf(stderr, "vfio: " fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__); } while (0)
-#else
-#define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) \
-    do { } while (0)
-#endif
-
-/* Extra debugging, trap acceleration paths for more logging */
-#define VFIO_ALLOW_MMAP 1
-#define VFIO_ALLOW_KVM_INTX 1
-#define VFIO_ALLOW_KVM_MSI 1
-#define VFIO_ALLOW_KVM_MSIX 1
-
-struct VFIODevice;
+struct VFIOPCIDevice;
 
 typedef struct VFIOQuirk {
     MemoryRegion mem;
-    struct VFIODevice *vdev;
+    struct VFIOPCIDevice *vdev;
     QLIST_ENTRY(VFIOQuirk) next;
     struct {
         uint32_t base_offset:TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
@@ -82,14 +69,7 @@ typedef struct VFIOQuirk {
 } VFIOQuirk;
 
 typedef struct VFIOBAR {
-    off_t fd_offset; /* offset of BAR within device fd */
-    int fd; /* device fd, allows us to pass VFIOBAR as opaque data */
-    MemoryRegion mem; /* slow, read/write access */
-    MemoryRegion mmap_mem; /* direct mapped access */
-    void *mmap;
-    size_t size;
-    uint32_t flags; /* VFIO region flags (rd/wr/mmap) */
-    uint8_t nr; /* cache the BAR number for debug */
+    VFIORegion region;
     bool ioport;
     bool mem64;
     QLIST_HEAD(, VFIOQuirk) quirks;
@@ -131,7 +111,7 @@ typedef struct VFIOMSIVector {
      */
     EventNotifier interrupt;
     EventNotifier kvm_interrupt;
-    struct VFIODevice *vdev; /* back pointer to device */
+    struct VFIOPCIDevice *vdev; /* back pointer to device */
     int virq;
     bool use;
 } VFIOMSIVector;
@@ -143,45 +123,6 @@ enum {
     VFIO_INT_MSIX = 3,
 };
 
-typedef struct VFIOAddressSpace {
-    AddressSpace *as;
-    QLIST_HEAD(, VFIOContainer) containers;
-    QLIST_ENTRY(VFIOAddressSpace) list;
-} VFIOAddressSpace;
-
-static QLIST_HEAD(, VFIOAddressSpace) vfio_address_spaces =
-    QLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(vfio_address_spaces);
-
-struct VFIOGroup;
-
-typedef struct VFIOType1 {
-    MemoryListener listener;
-    int error;
-    bool initialized;
-} VFIOType1;
-
-typedef struct VFIOContainer {
-    VFIOAddressSpace *space;
-    int fd; /* /dev/vfio/vfio, empowered by the attached groups */
-    struct {
-        /* enable abstraction to support various iommu backends */
-        union {
-            VFIOType1 type1;
-        };
-        void (*release)(struct VFIOContainer *);
-    } iommu_data;
-    QLIST_HEAD(, VFIOGuestIOMMU) giommu_list;
-    QLIST_HEAD(, VFIOGroup) group_list;
-    QLIST_ENTRY(VFIOContainer) next;
-} VFIOContainer;
-
-typedef struct VFIOGuestIOMMU {
-    VFIOContainer *container;
-    MemoryRegion *iommu;
-    Notifier n;
-    QLIST_ENTRY(VFIOGuestIOMMU) giommu_next;
-} VFIOGuestIOMMU;
-
 /* Cache of MSI-X setup plus extra mmap and memory region for split BAR map */
 typedef struct VFIOMSIXInfo {
     uint8_t table_bar;
@@ -193,9 +134,9 @@ typedef struct VFIOMSIXInfo {
     void *mmap;
 } VFIOMSIXInfo;
 
-typedef struct VFIODevice {
+typedef struct VFIOPCIDevice {
     PCIDevice pdev;
-    int fd;
+    VFIODevice vbasedev;
     VFIOINTx intx;
     unsigned int config_size;
     uint8_t *emulated_config_bits; /* QEMU emulated bits, little-endian */
@@ -211,31 +152,18 @@ typedef struct VFIODevice {
     VFIOBAR bars[PCI_NUM_REGIONS - 1]; /* No ROM */
     VFIOVGA vga; /* 0xa0000, 0x3b0, 0x3c0 */
     PCIHostDeviceAddress host;
-    QLIST_ENTRY(VFIODevice) next;
-    struct VFIOGroup *group;
     EventNotifier err_notifier;
     uint32_t features;
 #define VFIO_FEATURE_ENABLE_VGA_BIT 0
 #define VFIO_FEATURE_ENABLE_VGA (1 << VFIO_FEATURE_ENABLE_VGA_BIT)
     int32_t bootindex;
     uint8_t pm_cap;
-    bool reset_works;
     bool has_vga;
     bool pci_aer;
     bool has_flr;
     bool has_pm_reset;
-    bool needs_reset;
     bool rom_read_failed;
-} VFIODevice;
-
-typedef struct VFIOGroup {
-    int fd;
-    int groupid;
-    VFIOContainer *container;
-    QLIST_HEAD(, VFIODevice) device_list;
-    QLIST_ENTRY(VFIOGroup) next;
-    QLIST_ENTRY(VFIOGroup) container_next;
-} VFIOGroup;
+} VFIOPCIDevice;
 
 typedef struct VFIORomBlacklistEntry {
     uint16_t vendor_id;
@@ -262,72 +190,12 @@ static const VFIORomBlacklistEntry romblacklist[] = {
 
 #define MSIX_CAP_LENGTH 12
 
-static QLIST_HEAD(, VFIOGroup)
-    group_list = QLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(group_list);
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_KVM
-/*
- * We have a single VFIO pseudo device per KVM VM.  Once created it lives
- * for the life of the VM.  Closing the file descriptor only drops our
- * reference to it and the device's reference to kvm.  Therefore once
- * initialized, this file descriptor is only released on QEMU exit and
- * we'll re-use it should another vfio device be attached before then.
- */
-static int vfio_kvm_device_fd = -1;
-#endif
-
-static void vfio_disable_interrupts(VFIODevice *vdev);
+static void vfio_disable_interrupts(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev);
 static uint32_t vfio_pci_read_config(PCIDevice *pdev, uint32_t addr, int len);
 static void vfio_pci_write_config(PCIDevice *pdev, uint32_t addr,
                                   uint32_t val, int len);
-static void vfio_mmap_set_enabled(VFIODevice *vdev, bool enabled);
-
-/*
- * Common VFIO interrupt disable
- */
-static void vfio_disable_irqindex(VFIODevice *vdev, int index)
-{
-    struct vfio_irq_set irq_set = {
-        .argsz = sizeof(irq_set),
-        .flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_NONE | VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_TRIGGER,
-        .index = index,
-        .start = 0,
-        .count = 0,
-    };
-
-    ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, &irq_set);
-}
-
-/*
- * INTx
- */
-static void vfio_unmask_intx(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    struct vfio_irq_set irq_set = {
-        .argsz = sizeof(irq_set),
-        .flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_NONE | VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_UNMASK,
-        .index = VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX,
-        .start = 0,
-        .count = 1,
-    };
-
-    ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, &irq_set);
-}
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_KVM /* Unused outside of CONFIG_KVM code */
-static void vfio_mask_intx(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    struct vfio_irq_set irq_set = {
-        .argsz = sizeof(irq_set),
-        .flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_NONE | VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_MASK,
-        .index = VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX,
-        .start = 0,
-        .count = 1,
-    };
-
-    ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, &irq_set);
-}
-#endif
+static void vfio_mmap_set_enabled(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, bool enabled);
+static int vfio_populate_device(VFIODevice *vbasedev);
 
 /*
  * Disabling BAR mmaping can be slow, but toggling it around INTx can
@@ -346,7 +214,7 @@ static void vfio_mask_intx(VFIODevice *vdev)
  */
 static void vfio_intx_mmap_enable(void *opaque)
 {
-    VFIODevice *vdev = opaque;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = opaque;
 
     if (vdev->intx.pending) {
         timer_mod(vdev->intx.mmap_timer,
@@ -359,15 +227,13 @@ static void vfio_intx_mmap_enable(void *opaque)
 
 static void vfio_intx_interrupt(void *opaque)
 {
-    VFIODevice *vdev = opaque;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = opaque;
 
     if (!event_notifier_test_and_clear(&vdev->intx.interrupt)) {
         return;
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) Pin %c\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function,
-            'A' + vdev->intx.pin);
+    trace_vfio_intx_interrupt(vdev->vbasedev.name, 'A' + vdev->intx.pin);
 
     vdev->intx.pending = true;
     pci_irq_assert(&vdev->pdev);
@@ -378,21 +244,22 @@ static void vfio_intx_interrupt(void *opaque)
     }
 }
 
-static void vfio_eoi(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_eoi(VFIODevice *vbasedev)
 {
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = container_of(vbasedev, VFIOPCIDevice, vbasedev);
+
     if (!vdev->intx.pending) {
         return;
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) EOI\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_eoi(vbasedev->name);
 
     vdev->intx.pending = false;
     pci_irq_deassert(&vdev->pdev);
-    vfio_unmask_intx(vdev);
+    vfio_unmask_single_irqindex(vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX);
 }
 
-static void vfio_enable_intx_kvm(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_enable_intx_kvm(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
 #ifdef CONFIG_KVM
     struct kvm_irqfd irqfd = {
@@ -412,7 +279,7 @@ static void vfio_enable_intx_kvm(VFIODevice *vdev)
 
     /* Get to a known interrupt state */
     qemu_set_fd_handler(irqfd.fd, NULL, NULL, vdev);
-    vfio_mask_intx(vdev);
+    vfio_mask_single_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX);
     vdev->intx.pending = false;
     pci_irq_deassert(&vdev->pdev);
 
@@ -442,7 +309,7 @@ static void vfio_enable_intx_kvm(VFIODevice *vdev)
 
     *pfd = irqfd.resamplefd;
 
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
+    ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
     g_free(irq_set);
     if (ret) {
         error_report("vfio: Error: Failed to setup INTx unmask fd: %m");
@@ -450,13 +317,11 @@ static void vfio_enable_intx_kvm(VFIODevice *vdev)
     }
 
     /* Let'em rip */
-    vfio_unmask_intx(vdev);
+    vfio_unmask_single_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX);
 
     vdev->intx.kvm_accel = true;
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) KVM INTx accel enabled\n",
-            __func__, vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus,
-            vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_enable_intx_kvm(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 
     return;
 
@@ -467,11 +332,11 @@ fail_irqfd:
     event_notifier_cleanup(&vdev->intx.unmask);
 fail:
     qemu_set_fd_handler(irqfd.fd, vfio_intx_interrupt, NULL, vdev);
-    vfio_unmask_intx(vdev);
+    vfio_unmask_single_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX);
 #endif
 }
 
-static void vfio_disable_intx_kvm(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_disable_intx_kvm(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
 #ifdef CONFIG_KVM
     struct kvm_irqfd irqfd = {
@@ -488,7 +353,7 @@ static void vfio_disable_intx_kvm(VFIODevice *vdev)
      * Get to a known state, hardware masked, QEMU ready to accept new
      * interrupts, QEMU IRQ de-asserted.
      */
-    vfio_mask_intx(vdev);
+    vfio_mask_single_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX);
     vdev->intx.pending = false;
     pci_irq_deassert(&vdev->pdev);
 
@@ -506,17 +371,15 @@ static void vfio_disable_intx_kvm(VFIODevice *vdev)
     vdev->intx.kvm_accel = false;
 
     /* If we've missed an event, let it re-fire through QEMU */
-    vfio_unmask_intx(vdev);
+    vfio_unmask_single_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX);
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) KVM INTx accel disabled\n",
-            __func__, vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus,
-            vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_disable_intx_kvm(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 #endif
 }
 
 static void vfio_update_irq(PCIDevice *pdev)
 {
-    VFIODevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIODevice, pdev, pdev);
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, pdev);
     PCIINTxRoute route;
 
     if (vdev->interrupt != VFIO_INT_INTx) {
@@ -529,9 +392,8 @@ static void vfio_update_irq(PCIDevice *pdev)
         return; /* Nothing changed */
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) IRQ moved %d -> %d\n", __func__,
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function, vdev->intx.route.irq, route.irq);
+    trace_vfio_update_irq(vdev->vbasedev.name,
+                          vdev->intx.route.irq, route.irq);
 
     vfio_disable_intx_kvm(vdev);
 
@@ -544,10 +406,10 @@ static void vfio_update_irq(PCIDevice *pdev)
     vfio_enable_intx_kvm(vdev);
 
     /* Re-enable the interrupt in cased we missed an EOI */
-    vfio_eoi(vdev);
+    vfio_eoi(&vdev->vbasedev);
 }
 
-static int vfio_enable_intx(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static int vfio_enable_intx(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     uint8_t pin = vfio_pci_read_config(&vdev->pdev, PCI_INTERRUPT_PIN, 1);
     int ret, argsz;
@@ -593,7 +455,7 @@ static int vfio_enable_intx(VFIODevice *vdev)
     *pfd = event_notifier_get_fd(&vdev->intx.interrupt);
     qemu_set_fd_handler(*pfd, vfio_intx_interrupt, NULL, vdev);
 
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
+    ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
     g_free(irq_set);
     if (ret) {
         error_report("vfio: Error: Failed to setup INTx fd: %m");
@@ -606,19 +468,18 @@ static int vfio_enable_intx(VFIODevice *vdev)
 
     vdev->interrupt = VFIO_INT_INTx;
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x)\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_enable_intx(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static void vfio_disable_intx(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_disable_intx(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     int fd;
 
     timer_del(vdev->intx.mmap_timer);
     vfio_disable_intx_kvm(vdev);
-    vfio_disable_irqindex(vdev, VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX);
+    vfio_disable_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX);
     vdev->intx.pending = false;
     pci_irq_deassert(&vdev->pdev);
     vfio_mmap_set_enabled(vdev, true);
@@ -629,8 +490,7 @@ static void vfio_disable_intx(VFIODevice *vdev)
 
     vdev->interrupt = VFIO_INT_NONE;
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x)\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_disable_intx(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -639,7 +499,7 @@ static void vfio_disable_intx(VFIODevice *vdev)
 static void vfio_msi_interrupt(void *opaque)
 {
     VFIOMSIVector *vector = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = vector->vdev;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = vector->vdev;
     int nr = vector - vdev->msi_vectors;
 
     if (!event_notifier_test_and_clear(&vector->interrupt)) {
@@ -657,9 +517,7 @@ static void vfio_msi_interrupt(void *opaque)
         abort();
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) vector %d 0x%"PRIx64"/0x%x\n", __func__,
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function, nr, msg.address, msg.data);
+    trace_vfio_msi_interrupt(vbasedev->name, nr, msg.address, msg.data);
 #endif
 
     if (vdev->interrupt == VFIO_INT_MSIX) {
@@ -671,7 +529,7 @@ static void vfio_msi_interrupt(void *opaque)
     }
 }
 
-static int vfio_enable_vectors(VFIODevice *vdev, bool msix)
+static int vfio_enable_vectors(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, bool msix)
 {
     struct vfio_irq_set *irq_set;
     int ret = 0, i, argsz;
@@ -708,7 +566,7 @@ static int vfio_enable_vectors(VFIODevice *vdev, bool msix)
         fds[i] = fd;
     }
 
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
+    ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
 
     g_free(irq_set);
 
@@ -762,13 +620,11 @@ static void vfio_update_kvm_msi_virq(VFIOMSIVector *vector, MSIMessage msg)
 static int vfio_msix_vector_do_use(PCIDevice *pdev, unsigned int nr,
                                    MSIMessage *msg, IOHandler *handler)
 {
-    VFIODevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIODevice, pdev, pdev);
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, pdev);
     VFIOMSIVector *vector;
     int ret;
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) vector %d used\n", __func__,
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function, nr);
+    trace_vfio_msix_vector_do_use(vdev->vbasedev.name, nr);
 
     vector = &vdev->msi_vectors[nr];
 
@@ -805,7 +661,7 @@ static int vfio_msix_vector_do_use(PCIDevice *pdev, unsigned int nr,
      * increase them as needed.
      */
     if (vdev->nr_vectors < nr + 1) {
-        vfio_disable_irqindex(vdev, VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX);
+        vfio_disable_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX);
         vdev->nr_vectors = nr + 1;
         ret = vfio_enable_vectors(vdev, true);
         if (ret) {
@@ -833,7 +689,7 @@ static int vfio_msix_vector_do_use(PCIDevice *pdev, unsigned int nr,
             *pfd = event_notifier_get_fd(&vector->interrupt);
         }
 
-        ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
+        ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
         g_free(irq_set);
         if (ret) {
             error_report("vfio: failed to modify vector, %d", ret);
@@ -851,12 +707,10 @@ static int vfio_msix_vector_use(PCIDevice *pdev,
 
 static void vfio_msix_vector_release(PCIDevice *pdev, unsigned int nr)
 {
-    VFIODevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIODevice, pdev, pdev);
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, pdev);
     VFIOMSIVector *vector = &vdev->msi_vectors[nr];
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) vector %d released\n", __func__,
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function, nr);
+    trace_vfio_msix_vector_release(vdev->vbasedev.name, nr);
 
     /*
      * There are still old guests that mask and unmask vectors on every
@@ -884,13 +738,13 @@ static void vfio_msix_vector_release(PCIDevice *pdev, unsigned int nr)
 
         *pfd = event_notifier_get_fd(&vector->interrupt);
 
-        ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
+        ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
 
         g_free(irq_set);
     }
 }
 
-static void vfio_enable_msix(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_enable_msix(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     vfio_disable_interrupts(vdev);
 
@@ -919,11 +773,10 @@ static void vfio_enable_msix(VFIODevice *vdev)
         error_report("vfio: msix_set_vector_notifiers failed");
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x)\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_enable_msix(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 }
 
-static void vfio_enable_msi(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_enable_msi(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     int ret, i;
 
@@ -996,12 +849,10 @@ retry:
         return;
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) Enabled %d MSI vectors\n", __func__,
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function, vdev->nr_vectors);
+    trace_vfio_enable_msi(vdev->vbasedev.name, vdev->nr_vectors);
 }
 
-static void vfio_disable_msi_common(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_disable_msi_common(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     int i;
 
@@ -1025,7 +876,7 @@ static void vfio_disable_msi_common(VFIODevice *vdev)
     vfio_enable_intx(vdev);
 }
 
-static void vfio_disable_msix(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_disable_msix(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     int i;
 
@@ -1043,25 +894,23 @@ static void vfio_disable_msix(VFIODevice *vdev)
     }
 
     if (vdev->nr_vectors) {
-        vfio_disable_irqindex(vdev, VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX);
+        vfio_disable_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX);
     }
 
     vfio_disable_msi_common(vdev);
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x)\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_disable_msix(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 }
 
-static void vfio_disable_msi(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_disable_msi(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
-    vfio_disable_irqindex(vdev, VFIO_PCI_MSI_IRQ_INDEX);
+    vfio_disable_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_MSI_IRQ_INDEX);
     vfio_disable_msi_common(vdev);
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x)\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_disable_msi(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 }
 
-static void vfio_update_msi(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_update_msi(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     int i;
 
@@ -1078,119 +927,7 @@ static void vfio_update_msi(VFIODevice *vdev)
     }
 }
 
-/*
- * IO Port/MMIO - Beware of the endians, VFIO is always little endian
- */
-static void vfio_bar_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
-                           uint64_t data, unsigned size)
-{
-    VFIOBAR *bar = opaque;
-    union {
-        uint8_t byte;
-        uint16_t word;
-        uint32_t dword;
-        uint64_t qword;
-    } buf;
-
-    switch (size) {
-    case 1:
-        buf.byte = data;
-        break;
-    case 2:
-        buf.word = cpu_to_le16(data);
-        break;
-    case 4:
-        buf.dword = cpu_to_le32(data);
-        break;
-    default:
-        hw_error("vfio: unsupported write size, %d bytes", size);
-        break;
-    }
-
-    if (pwrite(bar->fd, &buf, size, bar->fd_offset + addr) != size) {
-        error_report("%s(,0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", 0x%"PRIx64", %d) failed: %m",
-                     __func__, addr, data, size);
-    }
-
-#ifdef DEBUG_VFIO
-    {
-        VFIODevice *vdev = container_of(bar, VFIODevice, bars[bar->nr]);
-
-        DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x:BAR%d+0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", 0x%"PRIx64
-                ", %d)\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus,
-                vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function, bar->nr, addr,
-                data, size);
-    }
-#endif
-
-    /*
-     * A read or write to a BAR always signals an INTx EOI.  This will
-     * do nothing if not pending (including not in INTx mode).  We assume
-     * that a BAR access is in response to an interrupt and that BAR
-     * accesses will service the interrupt.  Unfortunately, we don't know
-     * which access will service the interrupt, so we're potentially
-     * getting quite a few host interrupts per guest interrupt.
-     */
-    vfio_eoi(container_of(bar, VFIODevice, bars[bar->nr]));
-}
-
-static uint64_t vfio_bar_read(void *opaque,
-                              hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
-{
-    VFIOBAR *bar = opaque;
-    union {
-        uint8_t byte;
-        uint16_t word;
-        uint32_t dword;
-        uint64_t qword;
-    } buf;
-    uint64_t data = 0;
-
-    if (pread(bar->fd, &buf, size, bar->fd_offset + addr) != size) {
-        error_report("%s(,0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %d) failed: %m",
-                     __func__, addr, size);
-        return (uint64_t)-1;
-    }
-
-    switch (size) {
-    case 1:
-        data = buf.byte;
-        break;
-    case 2:
-        data = le16_to_cpu(buf.word);
-        break;
-    case 4:
-        data = le32_to_cpu(buf.dword);
-        break;
-    default:
-        hw_error("vfio: unsupported read size, %d bytes", size);
-        break;
-    }
-
-#ifdef DEBUG_VFIO
-    {
-        VFIODevice *vdev = container_of(bar, VFIODevice, bars[bar->nr]);
-
-        DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x:BAR%d+0x%"HWADDR_PRIx
-                ", %d) = 0x%"PRIx64"\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-                vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function,
-                bar->nr, addr, size, data);
-    }
-#endif
-
-    /* Same as write above */
-    vfio_eoi(container_of(bar, VFIODevice, bars[bar->nr]));
-
-    return data;
-}
-
-static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_bar_ops = {
-    .read = vfio_bar_read,
-    .write = vfio_bar_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
-};
-
-static void vfio_pci_load_rom(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_pci_load_rom(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     struct vfio_region_info reg_info = {
         .argsz = sizeof(reg_info),
@@ -1200,16 +937,14 @@ static void vfio_pci_load_rom(VFIODevice *vdev)
     off_t off = 0;
     size_t bytes;
 
-    if (ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_REGION_INFO, &reg_info)) {
+    if (ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_REGION_INFO, &reg_info)) {
         error_report("vfio: Error getting ROM info: %m");
         return;
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("Device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x ROM:\n", vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
-    DPRINTF("  size: 0x%lx, offset: 0x%lx, flags: 0x%lx\n",
-            (unsigned long)reg_info.size, (unsigned long)reg_info.offset,
-            (unsigned long)reg_info.flags);
+    trace_vfio_pci_load_rom(vdev->vbasedev.name, (unsigned long)reg_info.size,
+                            (unsigned long)reg_info.offset,
+                            (unsigned long)reg_info.flags);
 
     vdev->rom_size = size = reg_info.size;
     vdev->rom_offset = reg_info.offset;
@@ -1217,9 +952,7 @@ static void vfio_pci_load_rom(VFIODevice *vdev)
     if (!vdev->rom_size) {
         vdev->rom_read_failed = true;
         error_report("vfio-pci: Cannot read device rom at "
-                    "%04x:%02x:%02x.%x",
-                    vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-                    vdev->host.function);
+                    "%s", vdev->vbasedev.name);
         error_printf("Device option ROM contents are probably invalid "
                     "(check dmesg).\nSkip option ROM probe with rombar=0, "
                     "or load from file with romfile=\n");
@@ -1230,7 +963,8 @@ static void vfio_pci_load_rom(VFIODevice *vdev)
     memset(vdev->rom, 0xff, size);
 
     while (size) {
-        bytes = pread(vdev->fd, vdev->rom + off, size, vdev->rom_offset + off);
+        bytes = pread(vdev->vbasedev.fd, vdev->rom + off,
+                      size, vdev->rom_offset + off);
         if (bytes == 0) {
             break;
         } else if (bytes > 0) {
@@ -1248,7 +982,7 @@ static void vfio_pci_load_rom(VFIODevice *vdev)
 
 static uint64_t vfio_rom_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
 {
-    VFIODevice *vdev = opaque;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = opaque;
     union {
         uint8_t byte;
         uint16_t word;
@@ -1280,9 +1014,7 @@ static uint64_t vfio_rom_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
         break;
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x, 0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", 0x%x) = 0x%"PRIx64"\n",
-            __func__, vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function, addr, size, data);
+    trace_vfio_rom_read(vdev->vbasedev.name, addr, size, data);
 
     return data;
 }
@@ -1298,7 +1030,7 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_rom_ops = {
     .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
 };
 
-static bool vfio_blacklist_opt_rom(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static bool vfio_blacklist_opt_rom(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     uint16_t vendor_id, device_id;
@@ -1318,12 +1050,13 @@ static bool vfio_blacklist_opt_rom(VFIODevice *vdev)
     return false;
 }
 
-static void vfio_pci_size_rom(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_pci_size_rom(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     uint32_t orig, size = cpu_to_le32((uint32_t)PCI_ROM_ADDRESS_MASK);
     off_t offset = vdev->config_offset + PCI_ROM_ADDRESS;
     DeviceState *dev = DEVICE(vdev);
     char name[32];
+    int fd = vdev->vbasedev.fd;
 
     if (vdev->pdev.romfile || !vdev->pdev.rom_bar) {
         /* Since pci handles romfile, just print a message and return */
@@ -1342,10 +1075,10 @@ static void vfio_pci_size_rom(VFIODevice *vdev)
      * Use the same size ROM BAR as the physical device.  The contents
      * will get filled in later when the guest tries to read it.
      */
-    if (pread(vdev->fd, &orig, 4, offset) != 4 ||
-        pwrite(vdev->fd, &size, 4, offset) != 4 ||
-        pread(vdev->fd, &size, 4, offset) != 4 ||
-        pwrite(vdev->fd, &orig, 4, offset) != 4) {
+    if (pread(fd, &orig, 4, offset) != 4 ||
+        pwrite(fd, &size, 4, offset) != 4 ||
+        pread(fd, &size, 4, offset) != 4 ||
+        pwrite(fd, &orig, 4, offset) != 4) {
         error_report("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) failed: %m",
                      __func__, vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus,
                      vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
@@ -1378,8 +1111,7 @@ static void vfio_pci_size_rom(VFIODevice *vdev)
         }
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%04x:%02x:%02x.%x ROM size 0x%x\n", vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function, size);
+    trace_vfio_pci_size_rom(vdev->vbasedev.name, size);
 
     snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "vfio[%04x:%02x:%02x.%x].rom",
              vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
@@ -1428,8 +1160,7 @@ static void vfio_vga_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                      __func__, region->offset + addr, data, size);
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", 0x%"PRIx64", %d)\n",
-            __func__, region->offset + addr, data, size);
+    trace_vfio_vga_write(region->offset + addr, data, size);
 }
 
 static uint64_t vfio_vga_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
@@ -1466,8 +1197,7 @@ static uint64_t vfio_vga_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
         break;
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %d) = 0x%"PRIx64"\n",
-            __func__, region->offset + addr, size, data);
+    trace_vfio_vga_read(region->offset + addr, size, data);
 
     return data;
 }
@@ -1497,7 +1227,7 @@ static uint64_t vfio_generic_window_quirk_read(void *opaque,
                                                hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
 {
     VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
     uint64_t data;
 
     if (vfio_flags_enabled(quirk->data.flags, quirk->data.read_flags) &&
@@ -1514,13 +1244,13 @@ static uint64_t vfio_generic_window_quirk_read(void *opaque,
         data = vfio_pci_read_config(&vdev->pdev,
                                     quirk->data.address_val + offset, size);
 
-        DPRINTF("%s read(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x:BAR%d+0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %d) = 0x%"
-                PRIx64"\n", memory_region_name(&quirk->mem), vdev->host.domain,
-                vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function,
-                quirk->data.bar, addr, size, data);
+        trace_vfio_generic_window_quirk_read(memory_region_name(&quirk->mem),
+                                             vdev->vbasedev.name,
+                                             quirk->data.bar,
+                                             addr, size, data);
     } else {
-        data = vfio_bar_read(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar],
-                             addr + quirk->data.base_offset, size);
+        data = vfio_region_read(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar].region,
+                                addr + quirk->data.base_offset, size);
     }
 
     return data;
@@ -1530,7 +1260,7 @@ static void vfio_generic_window_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                                             uint64_t data, unsigned size)
 {
     VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
 
     if (ranges_overlap(addr, size,
                        quirk->data.address_offset, quirk->data.address_size)) {
@@ -1563,14 +1293,14 @@ static void vfio_generic_window_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
 
         vfio_pci_write_config(&vdev->pdev,
                               quirk->data.address_val + offset, data, size);
-        DPRINTF("%s write(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x:BAR%d+0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", 0x%"
-                PRIx64", %d)\n", memory_region_name(&quirk->mem),
-                vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-                vdev->host.function, quirk->data.bar, addr, data, size);
+        trace_vfio_generic_window_quirk_write(memory_region_name(&quirk->mem),
+                                              vdev->vbasedev.name,
+                                              quirk->data.bar,
+                                              addr, data, size);
         return;
     }
 
-    vfio_bar_write(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar],
+    vfio_region_write(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar].region,
                    addr + quirk->data.base_offset, data, size);
 }
 
@@ -1584,7 +1314,7 @@ static uint64_t vfio_generic_quirk_read(void *opaque,
                                         hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
 {
     VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
     hwaddr base = quirk->data.address_match & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
     hwaddr offset = quirk->data.address_match & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
     uint64_t data;
@@ -1599,12 +1329,12 @@ static uint64_t vfio_generic_quirk_read(void *opaque,
 
         data = vfio_pci_read_config(&vdev->pdev, addr - offset, size);
 
-        DPRINTF("%s read(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x:BAR%d+0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %d) = 0x%"
-                PRIx64"\n", memory_region_name(&quirk->mem), vdev->host.domain,
-                vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function,
-                quirk->data.bar, addr + base, size, data);
+        trace_vfio_generic_quirk_read(memory_region_name(&quirk->mem),
+                                      vdev->vbasedev.name, quirk->data.bar,
+                                      addr + base, size, data);
     } else {
-        data = vfio_bar_read(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar], addr + base, size);
+        data = vfio_region_read(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar].region,
+                                addr + base, size);
     }
 
     return data;
@@ -1614,7 +1344,7 @@ static void vfio_generic_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                                      uint64_t data, unsigned size)
 {
     VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
     hwaddr base = quirk->data.address_match & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
     hwaddr offset = quirk->data.address_match & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
 
@@ -1628,12 +1358,12 @@ static void vfio_generic_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
 
         vfio_pci_write_config(&vdev->pdev, addr - offset, data, size);
 
-        DPRINTF("%s write(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x:BAR%d+0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", 0x%"
-                PRIx64", %d)\n", memory_region_name(&quirk->mem),
-                vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-                vdev->host.function, quirk->data.bar, addr + base, data, size);
+        trace_vfio_generic_quirk_write(memory_region_name(&quirk->mem),
+                                       vdev->vbasedev.name, quirk->data.bar,
+                                       addr + base, data, size);
     } else {
-        vfio_bar_write(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar], addr + base, data, size);
+        vfio_region_write(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar].region,
+                          addr + base, data, size);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1659,11 +1389,11 @@ static uint64_t vfio_ati_3c3_quirk_read(void *opaque,
                                         hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
 {
     VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
     uint64_t data = vfio_pci_read_config(&vdev->pdev,
                                          PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0 + (4 * 4) + 1,
                                          size);
-    DPRINTF("%s(0x3c3, 1) = 0x%"PRIx64"\n", __func__, data);
+    trace_vfio_ati_3c3_quirk_read(data);
 
     return data;
 }
@@ -1673,7 +1403,7 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_ati_3c3_quirk = {
     .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
 };
 
-static void vfio_vga_probe_ati_3c3_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_vga_probe_ati_3c3_quirk(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     VFIOQuirk *quirk;
@@ -1686,7 +1416,7 @@ static void vfio_vga_probe_ati_3c3_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev)
      * As long as the BAR is >= 256 bytes it will be aligned such that the
      * lower byte is always zero.  Filter out anything else, if it exists.
      */
-    if (!vdev->bars[4].ioport || vdev->bars[4].size < 256) {
+    if (!vdev->bars[4].ioport || vdev->bars[4].region.size < 256) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -1701,9 +1431,7 @@ static void vfio_vga_probe_ati_3c3_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev)
     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI].quirks,
                       quirk, next);
 
-    DPRINTF("Enabled ATI/AMD quirk 0x3c3 BAR4for device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_vga_probe_ati_3c3_quirk(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1716,7 +1444,7 @@ static void vfio_vga_probe_ati_3c3_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev)
  * that only read-only access is provided, but we drop writes when the window
  * is enabled to config space nonetheless.
  */
-static void vfio_probe_ati_bar4_window_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
+static void vfio_probe_ati_bar4_window_quirk(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int nr)
 {
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     VFIOQuirk *quirk;
@@ -1739,14 +1467,12 @@ static void vfio_probe_ati_bar4_window_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
     memory_region_init_io(&quirk->mem, OBJECT(vdev),
                           &vfio_generic_window_quirk, quirk,
                           "vfio-ati-bar4-window-quirk", 8);
-    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].mem,
+    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].region.mem,
                           quirk->data.base_offset, &quirk->mem, 1);
 
     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vdev->bars[nr].quirks, quirk, next);
 
-    DPRINTF("Enabled ATI/AMD BAR4 window quirk for device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_probe_ati_bar4_window_quirk(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 }
 
 #define PCI_VENDOR_ID_REALTEK 0x10ec
@@ -1778,14 +1504,14 @@ static uint64_t vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_read(void *opaque,
                                                hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
 {
     VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
 
     switch (addr) {
     case 4: /* address */
         if (quirk->data.flags) {
-            DPRINTF("%s fake read(%04x:%02x:%02x.%d)\n",
-                    memory_region_name(&quirk->mem), vdev->host.domain,
-                    vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+            trace_vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_read_fake(
+                    memory_region_name(&quirk->mem),
+                    vdev->vbasedev.name);
 
             return quirk->data.address_match ^ 0x10000000U;
         }
@@ -1794,9 +1520,9 @@ static uint64_t vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_read(void *opaque,
         if (quirk->data.flags) {
             uint64_t val;
 
-            DPRINTF("%s MSI-X table read(%04x:%02x:%02x.%d)\n",
-                    memory_region_name(&quirk->mem), vdev->host.domain,
-                    vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+            trace_vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_read_table(
+                    memory_region_name(&quirk->mem),
+                    vdev->vbasedev.name);
 
             if (!(vdev->pdev.cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MSIX)) {
                 return 0;
@@ -1809,18 +1535,18 @@ static uint64_t vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_read(void *opaque,
         }
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%s direct read(%04x:%02x:%02x.%d)\n",
-            memory_region_name(&quirk->mem), vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_read_direct(memory_region_name(&quirk->mem),
+                                                vdev->vbasedev.name);
 
-    return vfio_bar_read(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar], addr + 0x70, size);
+    return vfio_region_read(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar].region,
+                            addr + 0x70, size);
 }
 
 static void vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                                             uint64_t data, unsigned size)
 {
     VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
 
     switch (addr) {
     case 4: /* address */
@@ -1828,9 +1554,9 @@ static void vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
             if (data & 0x10000000U &&
                 vdev->pdev.cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MSIX) {
 
-                DPRINTF("%s MSI-X table write(%04x:%02x:%02x.%d)\n",
-                        memory_region_name(&quirk->mem), vdev->host.domain,
-                        vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+                trace_vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_write_table(
+                        memory_region_name(&quirk->mem),
+                        vdev->vbasedev.name);
 
                 io_mem_write(&vdev->pdev.msix_table_mmio,
                              (hwaddr)(quirk->data.address_match & 0xfff),
@@ -1849,11 +1575,12 @@ static void vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
         break;
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%s direct write(%04x:%02x:%02x.%d)\n",
-            memory_region_name(&quirk->mem), vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_write_direct(
+            memory_region_name(&quirk->mem),
+            vdev->vbasedev.name);
 
-    vfio_bar_write(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar], addr + 0x70, data, size);
+    vfio_region_write(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar].region,
+                      addr + 0x70, data, size);
 }
 
 static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk = {
@@ -1867,7 +1594,7 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk = {
     .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
 };
 
-static void vfio_probe_rtl8168_bar2_window_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
+static void vfio_probe_rtl8168_bar2_window_quirk(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int nr)
 {
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     VFIOQuirk *quirk;
@@ -1883,19 +1610,17 @@ static void vfio_probe_rtl8168_bar2_window_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
 
     memory_region_init_io(&quirk->mem, OBJECT(vdev), &vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk,
                           quirk, "vfio-rtl8168-window-quirk", 8);
-    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].mem,
+    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].region.mem,
                                         0x70, &quirk->mem, 1);
 
     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vdev->bars[nr].quirks, quirk, next);
 
-    DPRINTF("Enabled RTL8168 BAR2 window quirk for device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_probe_rtl8168_bar2_window_quirk(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 }
 /*
  * Trap the BAR2 MMIO window to config space as well.
  */
-static void vfio_probe_ati_bar2_4000_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
+static void vfio_probe_ati_bar2_4000_quirk(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int nr)
 {
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     VFIOQuirk *quirk;
@@ -1916,15 +1641,13 @@ static void vfio_probe_ati_bar2_4000_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
     memory_region_init_io(&quirk->mem, OBJECT(vdev), &vfio_generic_quirk, quirk,
                           "vfio-ati-bar2-4000-quirk",
                           TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(quirk->data.address_mask + 1));
-    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].mem,
+    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].region.mem,
                           quirk->data.address_match & TARGET_PAGE_MASK,
                           &quirk->mem, 1);
 
     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vdev->bars[nr].quirks, quirk, next);
 
-    DPRINTF("Enabled ATI/AMD BAR2 0x4000 quirk for device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_probe_ati_bar2_4000_quirk(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1963,14 +1686,14 @@ static uint64_t vfio_nvidia_3d0_quirk_read(void *opaque,
                                            hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
 {
     VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     uint64_t data = vfio_vga_read(&vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI],
                                   addr + quirk->data.base_offset, size);
 
     if (quirk->data.flags == NV_3D0_READ && addr == quirk->data.data_offset) {
         data = vfio_pci_read_config(pdev, quirk->data.address_val, size);
-        DPRINTF("%s(0x3d0, %d) = 0x%"PRIx64"\n", __func__, size, data);
+        trace_vfio_nvidia_3d0_quirk_read(size, data);
     }
 
     quirk->data.flags = NV_3D0_NONE;
@@ -1982,7 +1705,7 @@ static void vfio_nvidia_3d0_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                                         uint64_t data, unsigned size)
 {
     VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
 
     switch (quirk->data.flags) {
@@ -2013,7 +1736,7 @@ static void vfio_nvidia_3d0_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
         quirk->data.flags = NV_3D0_NONE;
         if (addr == quirk->data.data_offset) {
             vfio_pci_write_config(pdev, quirk->data.address_val, data, size);
-            DPRINTF("%s(0x3d0, 0x%"PRIx64", %d)\n", __func__, data, size);
+            trace_vfio_nvidia_3d0_quirk_write(data, size);
             return;
         }
         break;
@@ -2029,13 +1752,13 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_nvidia_3d0_quirk = {
     .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
 };
 
-static void vfio_vga_probe_nvidia_3d0_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_vga_probe_nvidia_3d0_quirk(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     VFIOQuirk *quirk;
 
     if (pci_get_word(pdev->config + PCI_VENDOR_ID) != PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA ||
-        !vdev->bars[1].size) {
+        !vdev->bars[1].region.size) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -2057,9 +1780,7 @@ static void vfio_vga_probe_nvidia_3d0_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev)
     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI].quirks,
                       quirk, next);
 
-    DPRINTF("Enabled NVIDIA VGA 0x3d0 quirk for device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_vga_probe_nvidia_3d0_quirk(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2121,7 +1842,7 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_nvidia_bar5_window_quirk = {
     .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
 };
 
-static void vfio_probe_nvidia_bar5_window_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
+static void vfio_probe_nvidia_bar5_window_quirk(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int nr)
 {
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     VFIOQuirk *quirk;
@@ -2143,20 +1864,19 @@ static void vfio_probe_nvidia_bar5_window_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
     memory_region_init_io(&quirk->mem, OBJECT(vdev),
                           &vfio_nvidia_bar5_window_quirk, quirk,
                           "vfio-nvidia-bar5-window-quirk", 16);
-    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].mem, 0, &quirk->mem, 1);
+    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].region.mem,
+                                        0, &quirk->mem, 1);
 
     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vdev->bars[nr].quirks, quirk, next);
 
-    DPRINTF("Enabled NVIDIA BAR5 window quirk for device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_probe_nvidia_bar5_window_quirk(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 }
 
 static void vfio_nvidia_88000_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                                           uint64_t data, unsigned size)
 {
     VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     hwaddr base = quirk->data.address_match & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
 
@@ -2170,7 +1890,8 @@ static void vfio_nvidia_88000_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
      */
     if ((pdev->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MSI) &&
         vfio_range_contained(addr, size, pdev->msi_cap, PCI_MSI_FLAGS)) {
-        vfio_bar_write(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar], addr + base, data, size);
+        vfio_region_write(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar].region,
+                          addr + base, data, size);
     }
 }
 
@@ -2189,7 +1910,7 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_nvidia_88000_quirk = {
  *
  * Here's offset 0x88000...
  */
-static void vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_88000_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
+static void vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_88000_quirk(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int nr)
 {
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     VFIOQuirk *quirk;
@@ -2213,21 +1934,19 @@ static void vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_88000_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
     memory_region_init_io(&quirk->mem, OBJECT(vdev), &vfio_nvidia_88000_quirk,
                           quirk, "vfio-nvidia-bar0-88000-quirk",
                           TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(quirk->data.address_mask + 1));
-    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].mem,
+    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].region.mem,
                           quirk->data.address_match & TARGET_PAGE_MASK,
                           &quirk->mem, 1);
 
     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vdev->bars[nr].quirks, quirk, next);
 
-    DPRINTF("Enabled NVIDIA BAR0 0x88000 quirk for device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_88000_quirk(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 }
 
 /*
  * And here's the same for BAR0 offset 0x1800...
  */
-static void vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_1800_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
+static void vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_1800_quirk(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int nr)
 {
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     VFIOQuirk *quirk;
@@ -2238,8 +1957,9 @@ static void vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_1800_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
     }
 
     /* Log the chipset ID */
-    DPRINTF("Nvidia NV%02x\n",
-            (unsigned int)(vfio_bar_read(&vdev->bars[0], 0, 4) >> 20) & 0xff);
+    trace_vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_1800_quirk_id(
+            (unsigned int)(vfio_region_read(&vdev->bars[0].region, 0, 4) >> 20)
+            & 0xff);
 
     quirk = g_malloc0(sizeof(*quirk));
     quirk->vdev = vdev;
@@ -2251,15 +1971,13 @@ static void vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_1800_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
     memory_region_init_io(&quirk->mem, OBJECT(vdev), &vfio_generic_quirk, quirk,
                           "vfio-nvidia-bar0-1800-quirk",
                           TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(quirk->data.address_mask + 1));
-    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].mem,
+    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].region.mem,
                           quirk->data.address_match & TARGET_PAGE_MASK,
                           &quirk->mem, 1);
 
     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vdev->bars[nr].quirks, quirk, next);
 
-    DPRINTF("Enabled NVIDIA BAR0 0x1800 quirk for device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_1800_quirk(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2271,13 +1989,13 @@ static void vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_1800_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
 /*
  * Common quirk probe entry points.
  */
-static void vfio_vga_quirk_setup(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_vga_quirk_setup(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     vfio_vga_probe_ati_3c3_quirk(vdev);
     vfio_vga_probe_nvidia_3d0_quirk(vdev);
 }
 
-static void vfio_vga_quirk_teardown(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_vga_quirk_teardown(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     int i;
 
@@ -2292,7 +2010,7 @@ static void vfio_vga_quirk_teardown(VFIODevice *vdev)
     }
 }
 
-static void vfio_bar_quirk_setup(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
+static void vfio_bar_quirk_setup(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int nr)
 {
     vfio_probe_ati_bar4_window_quirk(vdev, nr);
     vfio_probe_ati_bar2_4000_quirk(vdev, nr);
@@ -2302,13 +2020,13 @@ static void vfio_bar_quirk_setup(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
     vfio_probe_rtl8168_bar2_window_quirk(vdev, nr);
 }
 
-static void vfio_bar_quirk_teardown(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
+static void vfio_bar_quirk_teardown(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int nr)
 {
     VFIOBAR *bar = &vdev->bars[nr];
 
     while (!QLIST_EMPTY(&bar->quirks)) {
         VFIOQuirk *quirk = QLIST_FIRST(&bar->quirks);
-        memory_region_del_subregion(&bar->mem, &quirk->mem);
+        memory_region_del_subregion(&bar->region.mem, &quirk->mem);
         object_unparent(OBJECT(&quirk->mem));
         QLIST_REMOVE(quirk, next);
         g_free(quirk);
@@ -2320,7 +2038,7 @@ static void vfio_bar_quirk_teardown(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
  */
 static uint32_t vfio_pci_read_config(PCIDevice *pdev, uint32_t addr, int len)
 {
-    VFIODevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIODevice, pdev, pdev);
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, pdev);
     uint32_t emu_bits = 0, emu_val = 0, phys_val = 0, val;
 
     memcpy(&emu_bits, vdev->emulated_config_bits + addr, len);
@@ -2333,7 +2051,8 @@ static uint32_t vfio_pci_read_config(PCIDevice *pdev, uint32_t addr, int len)
     if (~emu_bits & (0xffffffffU >> (32 - len * 8))) {
         ssize_t ret;
 
-        ret = pread(vdev->fd, &phys_val, len, vdev->config_offset + addr);
+        ret = pread(vdev->vbasedev.fd, &phys_val, len,
+                    vdev->config_offset + addr);
         if (ret != len) {
             error_report("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x, 0x%x, 0x%x) failed: %m",
                          __func__, vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus,
@@ -2345,9 +2064,7 @@ static uint32_t vfio_pci_read_config(PCIDevice *pdev, uint32_t addr, int len)
 
     val = (emu_val & emu_bits) | (phys_val & ~emu_bits);
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x, @0x%x, len=0x%x) %x\n", __func__,
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function, addr, len, val);
+    trace_vfio_pci_read_config(vdev->vbasedev.name, addr, len, val);
 
     return val;
 }
@@ -2355,15 +2072,14 @@ static uint32_t vfio_pci_read_config(PCIDevice *pdev, uint32_t addr, int len)
 static void vfio_pci_write_config(PCIDevice *pdev, uint32_t addr,
                                   uint32_t val, int len)
 {
-    VFIODevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIODevice, pdev, pdev);
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, pdev);
     uint32_t val_le = cpu_to_le32(val);
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x, @0x%x, 0x%x, len=0x%x)\n", __func__,
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function, addr, val, len);
+    trace_vfio_pci_write_config(vdev->vbasedev.name, addr, val, len);
 
     /* Write everything to VFIO, let it filter out what we can't write */
-    if (pwrite(vdev->fd, &val_le, len, vdev->config_offset + addr) != len) {
+    if (pwrite(vdev->vbasedev.fd, &val_le, len, vdev->config_offset + addr)
+                != len) {
         error_report("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x, 0x%x, 0x%x, 0x%x) failed: %m",
                      __func__, vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus,
                      vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function, addr, val, len);
@@ -2409,310 +2125,9 @@ static void vfio_pci_write_config(PCIDevice *pdev, uint32_t addr,
 }
 
 /*
- * DMA - Mapping and unmapping for the "type1" IOMMU interface used on x86
- */
-static int vfio_dma_unmap(VFIOContainer *container,
-                          hwaddr iova, ram_addr_t size)
-{
-    struct vfio_iommu_type1_dma_unmap unmap = {
-        .argsz = sizeof(unmap),
-        .flags = 0,
-        .iova = iova,
-        .size = size,
-    };
-
-    if (ioctl(container->fd, VFIO_IOMMU_UNMAP_DMA, &unmap)) {
-        DPRINTF("VFIO_UNMAP_DMA: %d\n", -errno);
-        return -errno;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int vfio_dma_map(VFIOContainer *container, hwaddr iova,
-                        ram_addr_t size, void *vaddr, bool readonly)
-{
-    struct vfio_iommu_type1_dma_map map = {
-        .argsz = sizeof(map),
-        .flags = VFIO_DMA_MAP_FLAG_READ,
-        .vaddr = (__u64)(uintptr_t)vaddr,
-        .iova = iova,
-        .size = size,
-    };
-
-    if (!readonly) {
-        map.flags |= VFIO_DMA_MAP_FLAG_WRITE;
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Try the mapping, if it fails with EBUSY, unmap the region and try
-     * again.  This shouldn't be necessary, but we sometimes see it in
-     * the the VGA ROM space.
-     */
-    if (ioctl(container->fd, VFIO_IOMMU_MAP_DMA, &map) == 0 ||
-        (errno == EBUSY && vfio_dma_unmap(container, iova, size) == 0 &&
-         ioctl(container->fd, VFIO_IOMMU_MAP_DMA, &map) == 0)) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    DPRINTF("VFIO_MAP_DMA: %d\n", -errno);
-    return -errno;
-}
-
-static bool vfio_listener_skipped_section(MemoryRegionSection *section)
-{
-    return (!memory_region_is_ram(section->mr) &&
-            !memory_region_is_iommu(section->mr)) ||
-           /*
-            * Sizing an enabled 64-bit BAR can cause spurious mappings to
-            * addresses in the upper part of the 64-bit address space.  These
-            * are never accessed by the CPU and beyond the address width of
-            * some IOMMU hardware.  TODO: VFIO should tell us the IOMMU width.
-            */
-           section->offset_within_address_space & (1ULL << 63);
-}
-
-static void vfio_iommu_map_notify(Notifier *n, void *data)
-{
-    VFIOGuestIOMMU *giommu = container_of(n, VFIOGuestIOMMU, n);
-    VFIOContainer *container = giommu->container;
-    IOMMUTLBEntry *iotlb = data;
-    MemoryRegion *mr;
-    hwaddr xlat;
-    hwaddr len = iotlb->addr_mask + 1;
-    void *vaddr;
-    int ret;
-
-    DPRINTF("iommu map @ %"HWADDR_PRIx" - %"HWADDR_PRIx"\n",
-            iotlb->iova, iotlb->iova + iotlb->addr_mask);
-
-    /*
-     * The IOMMU TLB entry we have just covers translation through
-     * this IOMMU to its immediate target.  We need to translate
-     * it the rest of the way through to memory.
-     */
-    mr = address_space_translate(&address_space_memory,
-                                 iotlb->translated_addr,
-                                 &xlat, &len, iotlb->perm & IOMMU_WO);
-    if (!memory_region_is_ram(mr)) {
-        DPRINTF("iommu map to non memory area %"HWADDR_PRIx"\n",
-                xlat);
-        return;
-    }
-    /*
-     * Translation truncates length to the IOMMU page size,
-     * check that it did not truncate too much.
-     */
-    if (len & iotlb->addr_mask) {
-        DPRINTF("iommu has granularity incompatible with target AS\n");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if ((iotlb->perm & IOMMU_RW) != IOMMU_NONE) {
-        vaddr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(mr) + xlat;
-
-        ret = vfio_dma_map(container, iotlb->iova,
-                           iotlb->addr_mask + 1, vaddr,
-                           !(iotlb->perm & IOMMU_WO) || mr->readonly);
-        if (ret) {
-            error_report("vfio_dma_map(%p, 0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", "
-                         "0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %p) = %d (%m)",
-                         container, iotlb->iova,
-                         iotlb->addr_mask + 1, vaddr, ret);
-        }
-    } else {
-        ret = vfio_dma_unmap(container, iotlb->iova, iotlb->addr_mask + 1);
-        if (ret) {
-            error_report("vfio_dma_unmap(%p, 0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", "
-                         "0x%"HWADDR_PRIx") = %d (%m)",
-                         container, iotlb->iova,
-                         iotlb->addr_mask + 1, ret);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-static void vfio_listener_region_add(MemoryListener *listener,
-                                     MemoryRegionSection *section)
-{
-    VFIOContainer *container = container_of(listener, VFIOContainer,
-                                            iommu_data.type1.listener);
-    hwaddr iova, end;
-    Int128 llend;
-    void *vaddr;
-    int ret;
-
-    if (vfio_listener_skipped_section(section)) {
-        DPRINTF("SKIPPING region_add %"HWADDR_PRIx" - %"PRIx64"\n",
-                section->offset_within_address_space,
-                section->offset_within_address_space +
-                int128_get64(int128_sub(section->size, int128_one())));
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (unlikely((section->offset_within_address_space & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK) !=
-                 (section->offset_within_region & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK))) {
-        error_report("%s received unaligned region", __func__);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    iova = TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(section->offset_within_address_space);
-    llend = int128_make64(section->offset_within_address_space);
-    llend = int128_add(llend, section->size);
-    llend = int128_and(llend, int128_exts64(TARGET_PAGE_MASK));
-
-    if (int128_ge(int128_make64(iova), llend)) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    memory_region_ref(section->mr);
-
-    if (memory_region_is_iommu(section->mr)) {
-        VFIOGuestIOMMU *giommu;
-
-        DPRINTF("region_add [iommu] %"HWADDR_PRIx" - %"HWADDR_PRIx"\n",
-                iova, int128_get64(int128_sub(llend, int128_one())));
-        /*
-         * FIXME: We should do some checking to see if the
-         * capabilities of the host VFIO IOMMU are adequate to model
-         * the guest IOMMU
-         *
-         * FIXME: For VFIO iommu types which have KVM acceleration to
-         * avoid bouncing all map/unmaps through qemu this way, this
-         * would be the right place to wire that up (tell the KVM
-         * device emulation the VFIO iommu handles to use).
-         */
-        /*
-         * This assumes that the guest IOMMU is empty of
-         * mappings at this point.
-         *
-         * One way of doing this is:
-         * 1. Avoid sharing IOMMUs between emulated devices or different
-         * IOMMU groups.
-         * 2. Implement VFIO_IOMMU_ENABLE in the host kernel to fail if
-         * there are some mappings in IOMMU.
-         *
-         * VFIO on SPAPR does that. Other IOMMU models may do that different,
-         * they must make sure there are no existing mappings or
-         * loop through existing mappings to map them into VFIO.
-         */
-        giommu = g_malloc0(sizeof(*giommu));
-        giommu->iommu = section->mr;
-        giommu->container = container;
-        giommu->n.notify = vfio_iommu_map_notify;
-        QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&container->giommu_list, giommu, giommu_next);
-        memory_region_register_iommu_notifier(giommu->iommu, &giommu->n);
-
-        return;
-    }
-
-    /* Here we assume that memory_region_is_ram(section->mr)==true */
-
-    end = int128_get64(llend);
-    vaddr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(section->mr) +
-            section->offset_within_region +
-            (iova - section->offset_within_address_space);
-
-    DPRINTF("region_add [ram] %"HWADDR_PRIx" - %"HWADDR_PRIx" [%p]\n",
-            iova, end - 1, vaddr);
-
-    ret = vfio_dma_map(container, iova, end - iova, vaddr, section->readonly);
-    if (ret) {
-        error_report("vfio_dma_map(%p, 0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", "
-                     "0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %p) = %d (%m)",
-                     container, iova, end - iova, vaddr, ret);
-
-        /*
-         * On the initfn path, store the first error in the container so we
-         * can gracefully fail.  Runtime, there's not much we can do other
-         * than throw a hardware error.
-         */
-        if (!container->iommu_data.type1.initialized) {
-            if (!container->iommu_data.type1.error) {
-                container->iommu_data.type1.error = ret;
-            }
-        } else {
-            hw_error("vfio: DMA mapping failed, unable to continue");
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-static void vfio_listener_region_del(MemoryListener *listener,
-                                     MemoryRegionSection *section)
-{
-    VFIOContainer *container = container_of(listener, VFIOContainer,
-                                            iommu_data.type1.listener);
-    hwaddr iova, end;
-    int ret;
-
-    if (vfio_listener_skipped_section(section)) {
-        DPRINTF("SKIPPING region_del %"HWADDR_PRIx" - %"PRIx64"\n",
-                section->offset_within_address_space,
-                section->offset_within_address_space +
-                int128_get64(int128_sub(section->size, int128_one())));
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (unlikely((section->offset_within_address_space & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK) !=
-                 (section->offset_within_region & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK))) {
-        error_report("%s received unaligned region", __func__);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (memory_region_is_iommu(section->mr)) {
-        VFIOGuestIOMMU *giommu;
-
-        QLIST_FOREACH(giommu, &container->giommu_list, giommu_next) {
-            if (giommu->iommu == section->mr) {
-                memory_region_unregister_iommu_notifier(&giommu->n);
-                QLIST_REMOVE(giommu, giommu_next);
-                g_free(giommu);
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        /*
-         * FIXME: We assume the one big unmap below is adequate to
-         * remove any individual page mappings in the IOMMU which
-         * might have been copied into VFIO. This works for a page table
-         * based IOMMU where a big unmap flattens a large range of IO-PTEs.
-         * That may not be true for all IOMMU types.
-         */
-    }
-
-    iova = TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(section->offset_within_address_space);
-    end = (section->offset_within_address_space + int128_get64(section->size)) &
-          TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
-
-    if (iova >= end) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    DPRINTF("region_del %"HWADDR_PRIx" - %"HWADDR_PRIx"\n",
-            iova, end - 1);
-
-    ret = vfio_dma_unmap(container, iova, end - iova);
-    memory_region_unref(section->mr);
-    if (ret) {
-        error_report("vfio_dma_unmap(%p, 0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", "
-                     "0x%"HWADDR_PRIx") = %d (%m)",
-                     container, iova, end - iova, ret);
-    }
-}
-
-static MemoryListener vfio_memory_listener = {
-    .region_add = vfio_listener_region_add,
-    .region_del = vfio_listener_region_del,
-};
-
-static void vfio_listener_release(VFIOContainer *container)
-{
-    memory_listener_unregister(&container->iommu_data.type1.listener);
-}
-
-/*
  * Interrupt setup
  */
-static void vfio_disable_interrupts(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_disable_interrupts(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     switch (vdev->interrupt) {
     case VFIO_INT_INTx:
@@ -2727,13 +2142,13 @@ static void vfio_disable_interrupts(VFIODevice *vdev)
     }
 }
 
-static int vfio_setup_msi(VFIODevice *vdev, int pos)
+static int vfio_setup_msi(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int pos)
 {
     uint16_t ctrl;
     bool msi_64bit, msi_maskbit;
     int ret, entries;
 
-    if (pread(vdev->fd, &ctrl, sizeof(ctrl),
+    if (pread(vdev->vbasedev.fd, &ctrl, sizeof(ctrl),
               vdev->config_offset + pos + PCI_CAP_FLAGS) != sizeof(ctrl)) {
         return -errno;
     }
@@ -2743,8 +2158,7 @@ static int vfio_setup_msi(VFIODevice *vdev, int pos)
     msi_maskbit = !!(ctrl & PCI_MSI_FLAGS_MASKBIT);
     entries = 1 << ((ctrl & PCI_MSI_FLAGS_QMASK) >> 1);
 
-    DPRINTF("%04x:%02x:%02x.%x PCI MSI CAP @0x%x\n", vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function, pos);
+    trace_vfio_setup_msi(vdev->vbasedev.name, pos);
 
     ret = msi_init(&vdev->pdev, pos, entries, msi_64bit, msi_maskbit);
     if (ret < 0) {
@@ -2767,28 +2181,29 @@ static int vfio_setup_msi(VFIODevice *vdev, int pos)
  * need to first look for where the MSI-X table lives.  So we
  * unfortunately split MSI-X setup across two functions.
  */
-static int vfio_early_setup_msix(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static int vfio_early_setup_msix(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     uint8_t pos;
     uint16_t ctrl;
     uint32_t table, pba;
+    int fd = vdev->vbasedev.fd;
 
     pos = pci_find_capability(&vdev->pdev, PCI_CAP_ID_MSIX);
     if (!pos) {
         return 0;
     }
 
-    if (pread(vdev->fd, &ctrl, sizeof(ctrl),
+    if (pread(fd, &ctrl, sizeof(ctrl),
               vdev->config_offset + pos + PCI_CAP_FLAGS) != sizeof(ctrl)) {
         return -errno;
     }
 
-    if (pread(vdev->fd, &table, sizeof(table),
+    if (pread(fd, &table, sizeof(table),
               vdev->config_offset + pos + PCI_MSIX_TABLE) != sizeof(table)) {
         return -errno;
     }
 
-    if (pread(vdev->fd, &pba, sizeof(pba),
+    if (pread(fd, &pba, sizeof(pba),
               vdev->config_offset + pos + PCI_MSIX_PBA) != sizeof(pba)) {
         return -errno;
     }
@@ -2804,23 +2219,22 @@ static int vfio_early_setup_msix(VFIODevice *vdev)
     vdev->msix->pba_offset = pba & ~PCI_MSIX_FLAGS_BIRMASK;
     vdev->msix->entries = (ctrl & PCI_MSIX_FLAGS_QSIZE) + 1;
 
-    DPRINTF("%04x:%02x:%02x.%x "
-            "PCI MSI-X CAP @0x%x, BAR %d, offset 0x%x, entries %d\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function, pos, vdev->msix->table_bar,
-            vdev->msix->table_offset, vdev->msix->entries);
+    trace_vfio_early_setup_msix(vdev->vbasedev.name, pos,
+                                vdev->msix->table_bar,
+                                vdev->msix->table_offset,
+                                vdev->msix->entries);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int vfio_setup_msix(VFIODevice *vdev, int pos)
+static int vfio_setup_msix(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int pos)
 {
     int ret;
 
     ret = msix_init(&vdev->pdev, vdev->msix->entries,
-                    &vdev->bars[vdev->msix->table_bar].mem,
+                    &vdev->bars[vdev->msix->table_bar].region.mem,
                     vdev->msix->table_bar, vdev->msix->table_offset,
-                    &vdev->bars[vdev->msix->pba_bar].mem,
+                    &vdev->bars[vdev->msix->pba_bar].region.mem,
                     vdev->msix->pba_bar, vdev->msix->pba_offset, pos);
     if (ret < 0) {
         if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
@@ -2833,99 +2247,61 @@ static int vfio_setup_msix(VFIODevice *vdev, int pos)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static void vfio_teardown_msi(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_teardown_msi(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     msi_uninit(&vdev->pdev);
 
     if (vdev->msix) {
-        msix_uninit(&vdev->pdev, &vdev->bars[vdev->msix->table_bar].mem,
-                    &vdev->bars[vdev->msix->pba_bar].mem);
+        msix_uninit(&vdev->pdev,
+                    &vdev->bars[vdev->msix->table_bar].region.mem,
+                    &vdev->bars[vdev->msix->pba_bar].region.mem);
     }
 }
 
 /*
  * Resource setup
  */
-static void vfio_mmap_set_enabled(VFIODevice *vdev, bool enabled)
+static void vfio_mmap_set_enabled(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, bool enabled)
 {
     int i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < PCI_ROM_SLOT; i++) {
         VFIOBAR *bar = &vdev->bars[i];
 
-        if (!bar->size) {
+        if (!bar->region.size) {
             continue;
         }
 
-        memory_region_set_enabled(&bar->mmap_mem, enabled);
+        memory_region_set_enabled(&bar->region.mmap_mem, enabled);
         if (vdev->msix && vdev->msix->table_bar == i) {
             memory_region_set_enabled(&vdev->msix->mmap_mem, enabled);
         }
     }
 }
 
-static void vfio_unmap_bar(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
+static void vfio_unmap_bar(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int nr)
 {
     VFIOBAR *bar = &vdev->bars[nr];
 
-    if (!bar->size) {
+    if (!bar->region.size) {
         return;
     }
 
     vfio_bar_quirk_teardown(vdev, nr);
 
-    memory_region_del_subregion(&bar->mem, &bar->mmap_mem);
-    munmap(bar->mmap, memory_region_size(&bar->mmap_mem));
+    memory_region_del_subregion(&bar->region.mem, &bar->region.mmap_mem);
+    munmap(bar->region.mmap, memory_region_size(&bar->region.mmap_mem));
 
     if (vdev->msix && vdev->msix->table_bar == nr) {
-        memory_region_del_subregion(&bar->mem, &vdev->msix->mmap_mem);
+        memory_region_del_subregion(&bar->region.mem, &vdev->msix->mmap_mem);
         munmap(vdev->msix->mmap, memory_region_size(&vdev->msix->mmap_mem));
     }
 }
 
-static int vfio_mmap_bar(VFIODevice *vdev, VFIOBAR *bar,
-                         MemoryRegion *mem, MemoryRegion *submem,
-                         void **map, size_t size, off_t offset,
-                         const char *name)
-{
-    int ret = 0;
-
-    if (VFIO_ALLOW_MMAP && size && bar->flags & VFIO_REGION_INFO_FLAG_MMAP) {
-        int prot = 0;
-
-        if (bar->flags & VFIO_REGION_INFO_FLAG_READ) {
-            prot |= PROT_READ;
-        }
-
-        if (bar->flags & VFIO_REGION_INFO_FLAG_WRITE) {
-            prot |= PROT_WRITE;
-        }
-
-        *map = mmap(NULL, size, prot, MAP_SHARED,
-                    bar->fd, bar->fd_offset + offset);
-        if (*map == MAP_FAILED) {
-            *map = NULL;
-            ret = -errno;
-            goto empty_region;
-        }
-
-        memory_region_init_ram_ptr(submem, OBJECT(vdev), name, size, *map);
-        memory_region_set_skip_dump(submem);
-    } else {
-empty_region:
-        /* Create a zero sized sub-region to make cleanup easy. */
-        memory_region_init(submem, OBJECT(vdev), name, 0);
-    }
-
-    memory_region_add_subregion(mem, offset, submem);
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
-static void vfio_map_bar(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
+static void vfio_map_bar(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int nr)
 {
     VFIOBAR *bar = &vdev->bars[nr];
-    unsigned size = bar->size;
+    unsigned size = bar->region.size;
     char name[64];
     uint32_t pci_bar;
     uint8_t type;
@@ -2941,7 +2317,7 @@ static void vfio_map_bar(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
              vdev->host.function, nr);
 
     /* Determine what type of BAR this is for registration */
-    ret = pread(vdev->fd, &pci_bar, sizeof(pci_bar),
+    ret = pread(vdev->vbasedev.fd, &pci_bar, sizeof(pci_bar),
                 vdev->config_offset + PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0 + (4 * nr));
     if (ret != sizeof(pci_bar)) {
         error_report("vfio: Failed to read BAR %d (%m)", nr);
@@ -2955,9 +2331,9 @@ static void vfio_map_bar(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
                                     ~PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_MASK);
 
     /* A "slow" read/write mapping underlies all BARs */
-    memory_region_init_io(&bar->mem, OBJECT(vdev), &vfio_bar_ops,
+    memory_region_init_io(&bar->region.mem, OBJECT(vdev), &vfio_region_ops,
                           bar, name, size);
-    pci_register_bar(&vdev->pdev, nr, type, &bar->mem);
+    pci_register_bar(&vdev->pdev, nr, type, &bar->region.mem);
 
     /*
      * We can't mmap areas overlapping the MSIX vector table, so we
@@ -2968,8 +2344,9 @@ static void vfio_map_bar(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
     }
 
     strncat(name, " mmap", sizeof(name) - strlen(name) - 1);
-    if (vfio_mmap_bar(vdev, bar, &bar->mem,
-                      &bar->mmap_mem, &bar->mmap, size, 0, name)) {
+    if (vfio_mmap_region(OBJECT(vdev), &bar->region, &bar->region.mem,
+                      &bar->region.mmap_mem, &bar->region.mmap,
+                      size, 0, name)) {
         error_report("%s unsupported. Performance may be slow", name);
     }
 
@@ -2979,10 +2356,11 @@ static void vfio_map_bar(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
         start = HOST_PAGE_ALIGN(vdev->msix->table_offset +
                                 (vdev->msix->entries * PCI_MSIX_ENTRY_SIZE));
 
-        size = start < bar->size ? bar->size - start : 0;
+        size = start < bar->region.size ? bar->region.size - start : 0;
         strncat(name, " msix-hi", sizeof(name) - strlen(name) - 1);
         /* VFIOMSIXInfo contains another MemoryRegion for this mapping */
-        if (vfio_mmap_bar(vdev, bar, &bar->mem, &vdev->msix->mmap_mem,
+        if (vfio_mmap_region(OBJECT(vdev), &bar->region, &bar->region.mem,
+                          &vdev->msix->mmap_mem,
                           &vdev->msix->mmap, size, start, name)) {
             error_report("%s unsupported. Performance may be slow", name);
         }
@@ -2991,7 +2369,7 @@ static void vfio_map_bar(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
     vfio_bar_quirk_setup(vdev, nr);
 }
 
-static void vfio_map_bars(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_map_bars(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     int i;
 
@@ -3023,7 +2401,7 @@ static void vfio_map_bars(VFIODevice *vdev)
     }
 }
 
-static void vfio_unmap_bars(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_unmap_bars(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     int i;
 
@@ -3059,7 +2437,7 @@ static void vfio_set_word_bits(uint8_t *buf, uint16_t val, uint16_t mask)
     pci_set_word(buf, (pci_get_word(buf) & ~mask) | val);
 }
 
-static void vfio_add_emulated_word(VFIODevice *vdev, int pos,
+static void vfio_add_emulated_word(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int pos,
                                    uint16_t val, uint16_t mask)
 {
     vfio_set_word_bits(vdev->pdev.config + pos, val, mask);
@@ -3072,7 +2450,7 @@ static void vfio_set_long_bits(uint8_t *buf, uint32_t val, uint32_t mask)
     pci_set_long(buf, (pci_get_long(buf) & ~mask) | val);
 }
 
-static void vfio_add_emulated_long(VFIODevice *vdev, int pos,
+static void vfio_add_emulated_long(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int pos,
                                    uint32_t val, uint32_t mask)
 {
     vfio_set_long_bits(vdev->pdev.config + pos, val, mask);
@@ -3080,7 +2458,7 @@ static void vfio_add_emulated_long(VFIODevice *vdev, int pos,
     vfio_set_long_bits(vdev->emulated_config_bits + pos, mask, mask);
 }
 
-static int vfio_setup_pcie_cap(VFIODevice *vdev, int pos, uint8_t size)
+static int vfio_setup_pcie_cap(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int pos, uint8_t size)
 {
     uint16_t flags;
     uint8_t type;
@@ -3172,43 +2550,37 @@ static int vfio_setup_pcie_cap(VFIODevice *vdev, int pos, uint8_t size)
     return pos;
 }
 
-static void vfio_check_pcie_flr(VFIODevice *vdev, uint8_t pos)
+static void vfio_check_pcie_flr(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, uint8_t pos)
 {
     uint32_t cap = pci_get_long(vdev->pdev.config + pos + PCI_EXP_DEVCAP);
 
     if (cap & PCI_EXP_DEVCAP_FLR) {
-        DPRINTF("%04x:%02x:%02x.%x Supports FLR via PCIe cap\n",
-                vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-                vdev->host.function);
+        trace_vfio_check_pcie_flr(vdev->vbasedev.name);
         vdev->has_flr = true;
     }
 }
 
-static void vfio_check_pm_reset(VFIODevice *vdev, uint8_t pos)
+static void vfio_check_pm_reset(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, uint8_t pos)
 {
     uint16_t csr = pci_get_word(vdev->pdev.config + pos + PCI_PM_CTRL);
 
     if (!(csr & PCI_PM_CTRL_NO_SOFT_RESET)) {
-        DPRINTF("%04x:%02x:%02x.%x Supports PM reset\n",
-                vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-                vdev->host.function);
+        trace_vfio_check_pm_reset(vdev->vbasedev.name);
         vdev->has_pm_reset = true;
     }
 }
 
-static void vfio_check_af_flr(VFIODevice *vdev, uint8_t pos)
+static void vfio_check_af_flr(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, uint8_t pos)
 {
     uint8_t cap = pci_get_byte(vdev->pdev.config + pos + PCI_AF_CAP);
 
     if ((cap & PCI_AF_CAP_TP) && (cap & PCI_AF_CAP_FLR)) {
-        DPRINTF("%04x:%02x:%02x.%x Supports FLR via AF cap\n",
-                vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-                vdev->host.function);
+        trace_vfio_check_af_flr(vdev->vbasedev.name);
         vdev->has_flr = true;
     }
 }
 
-static int vfio_add_std_cap(VFIODevice *vdev, uint8_t pos)
+static int vfio_add_std_cap(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, uint8_t pos)
 {
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     uint8_t cap_id, next, size;
@@ -3283,7 +2655,7 @@ static int vfio_add_std_cap(VFIODevice *vdev, uint8_t pos)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int vfio_add_capabilities(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static int vfio_add_capabilities(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
 
@@ -3295,7 +2667,7 @@ static int vfio_add_capabilities(VFIODevice *vdev)
     return vfio_add_std_cap(vdev, pdev->config[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST]);
 }
 
-static void vfio_pci_pre_reset(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_pci_pre_reset(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     uint16_t cmd;
@@ -3332,7 +2704,7 @@ static void vfio_pci_pre_reset(VFIODevice *vdev)
     vfio_pci_write_config(pdev, PCI_COMMAND, cmd, 2);
 }
 
-static void vfio_pci_post_reset(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_pci_post_reset(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     vfio_enable_intx(vdev);
 }
@@ -3344,7 +2716,7 @@ static bool vfio_pci_host_match(PCIHostDeviceAddress *host1,
             host1->slot == host2->slot && host1->function == host2->function);
 }
 
-static int vfio_pci_hot_reset(VFIODevice *vdev, bool single)
+static int vfio_pci_hot_reset(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, bool single)
 {
     VFIOGroup *group;
     struct vfio_pci_hot_reset_info *info;
@@ -3354,17 +2726,15 @@ static int vfio_pci_hot_reset(VFIODevice *vdev, bool single)
     int ret, i, count;
     bool multi = false;
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) %s\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function,
-            single ? "one" : "multi");
+    trace_vfio_pci_hot_reset(vdev->vbasedev.name, single ? "one" : "multi");
 
     vfio_pci_pre_reset(vdev);
-    vdev->needs_reset = false;
+    vdev->vbasedev.needs_reset = false;
 
     info = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info));
     info->argsz = sizeof(*info);
 
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_PCI_HOT_RESET_INFO, info);
+    ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_PCI_HOT_RESET_INFO, info);
     if (ret && errno != ENOSPC) {
         ret = -errno;
         if (!vdev->has_pm_reset) {
@@ -3380,35 +2750,34 @@ static int vfio_pci_hot_reset(VFIODevice *vdev, bool single)
     info->argsz = sizeof(*info) + (count * sizeof(*devices));
     devices = &info->devices[0];
 
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_PCI_HOT_RESET_INFO, info);
+    ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_PCI_HOT_RESET_INFO, info);
     if (ret) {
         ret = -errno;
         error_report("vfio: hot reset info failed: %m");
         goto out_single;
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%04x:%02x:%02x.%x: hot reset dependent devices:\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_pci_hot_reset_has_dep_devices(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 
     /* Verify that we have all the groups required */
     for (i = 0; i < info->count; i++) {
         PCIHostDeviceAddress host;
-        VFIODevice *tmp;
+        VFIOPCIDevice *tmp;
+        VFIODevice *vbasedev_iter;
 
         host.domain = devices[i].segment;
         host.bus = devices[i].bus;
         host.slot = PCI_SLOT(devices[i].devfn);
         host.function = PCI_FUNC(devices[i].devfn);
 
-        DPRINTF("\t%04x:%02x:%02x.%x group %d\n", host.domain,
+        trace_vfio_pci_hot_reset_dep_devices(host.domain,
                 host.bus, host.slot, host.function, devices[i].group_id);
 
         if (vfio_pci_host_match(&host, &vdev->host)) {
             continue;
         }
 
-        QLIST_FOREACH(group, &group_list, next) {
+        QLIST_FOREACH(group, &vfio_group_list, next) {
             if (group->groupid == devices[i].group_id) {
                 break;
             }
@@ -3416,27 +2785,27 @@ static int vfio_pci_hot_reset(VFIODevice *vdev, bool single)
 
         if (!group) {
             if (!vdev->has_pm_reset) {
-                error_report("vfio: Cannot reset device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x, "
+                error_report("vfio: Cannot reset device %s, "
                              "depends on group %d which is not owned.",
-                             vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-                             vdev->host.function, devices[i].group_id);
+                             vdev->vbasedev.name, devices[i].group_id);
             }
             ret = -EPERM;
             goto out;
         }
 
         /* Prep dependent devices for reset and clear our marker. */
-        QLIST_FOREACH(tmp, &group->device_list, next) {
+        QLIST_FOREACH(vbasedev_iter, &group->device_list, next) {
+            if (vbasedev_iter->type != VFIO_DEVICE_TYPE_PCI) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            tmp = container_of(vbasedev_iter, VFIOPCIDevice, vbasedev);
             if (vfio_pci_host_match(&host, &tmp->host)) {
                 if (single) {
-                    DPRINTF("vfio: found another in-use device "
-                            "%04x:%02x:%02x.%x\n", host.domain, host.bus,
-                            host.slot, host.function);
                     ret = -EINVAL;
                     goto out_single;
                 }
                 vfio_pci_pre_reset(tmp);
-                tmp->needs_reset = false;
+                tmp->vbasedev.needs_reset = false;
                 multi = true;
                 break;
             }
@@ -3444,14 +2813,13 @@ static int vfio_pci_hot_reset(VFIODevice *vdev, bool single)
     }
 
     if (!single && !multi) {
-        DPRINTF("vfio: No other in-use devices for multi hot reset\n");
         ret = -EINVAL;
         goto out_single;
     }
 
     /* Determine how many group fds need to be passed */
     count = 0;
-    QLIST_FOREACH(group, &group_list, next) {
+    QLIST_FOREACH(group, &vfio_group_list, next) {
         for (i = 0; i < info->count; i++) {
             if (group->groupid == devices[i].group_id) {
                 count++;
@@ -3465,7 +2833,7 @@ static int vfio_pci_hot_reset(VFIODevice *vdev, bool single)
     fds = &reset->group_fds[0];
 
     /* Fill in group fds */
-    QLIST_FOREACH(group, &group_list, next) {
+    QLIST_FOREACH(group, &vfio_group_list, next) {
         for (i = 0; i < info->count; i++) {
             if (group->groupid == devices[i].group_id) {
                 fds[reset->count++] = group->fd;
@@ -3475,18 +2843,18 @@ static int vfio_pci_hot_reset(VFIODevice *vdev, bool single)
     }
 
     /* Bus reset! */
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_PCI_HOT_RESET, reset);
+    ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_PCI_HOT_RESET, reset);
     g_free(reset);
 
-    DPRINTF("%04x:%02x:%02x.%x hot reset: %s\n", vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function,
-            ret ? "%m" : "Success");
+    trace_vfio_pci_hot_reset_result(vdev->vbasedev.name,
+                                    ret ? "%m" : "Success");
 
 out:
     /* Re-enable INTx on affected devices */
     for (i = 0; i < info->count; i++) {
         PCIHostDeviceAddress host;
-        VFIODevice *tmp;
+        VFIOPCIDevice *tmp;
+        VFIODevice *vbasedev_iter;
 
         host.domain = devices[i].segment;
         host.bus = devices[i].bus;
@@ -3497,7 +2865,7 @@ out:
             continue;
         }
 
-        QLIST_FOREACH(group, &group_list, next) {
+        QLIST_FOREACH(group, &vfio_group_list, next) {
             if (group->groupid == devices[i].group_id) {
                 break;
             }
@@ -3507,7 +2875,11 @@ out:
             break;
         }
 
-        QLIST_FOREACH(tmp, &group->device_list, next) {
+        QLIST_FOREACH(vbasedev_iter, &group->device_list, next) {
+            if (vbasedev_iter->type != VFIO_DEVICE_TYPE_PCI) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            tmp = container_of(vbasedev_iter, VFIOPCIDevice, vbasedev);
             if (vfio_pci_host_match(&host, &tmp->host)) {
                 vfio_pci_post_reset(tmp);
                 break;
@@ -3536,439 +2908,90 @@ out_single:
  * _one() will only do a hot reset for the one in-use devices case, calling
  * _multi() will do nothing if a _one() would have been sufficient.
  */
-static int vfio_pci_hot_reset_one(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static int vfio_pci_hot_reset_one(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     return vfio_pci_hot_reset(vdev, true);
 }
 
-static int vfio_pci_hot_reset_multi(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static int vfio_pci_hot_reset_multi(VFIODevice *vbasedev)
 {
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = container_of(vbasedev, VFIOPCIDevice, vbasedev);
     return vfio_pci_hot_reset(vdev, false);
 }
 
-static void vfio_pci_reset_handler(void *opaque)
-{
-    VFIOGroup *group;
-    VFIODevice *vdev;
-
-    QLIST_FOREACH(group, &group_list, next) {
-        QLIST_FOREACH(vdev, &group->device_list, next) {
-            if (!vdev->reset_works || (!vdev->has_flr && vdev->has_pm_reset)) {
-                vdev->needs_reset = true;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    QLIST_FOREACH(group, &group_list, next) {
-        QLIST_FOREACH(vdev, &group->device_list, next) {
-            if (vdev->needs_reset) {
-                vfio_pci_hot_reset_multi(vdev);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-static void vfio_kvm_device_add_group(VFIOGroup *group)
-{
-#ifdef CONFIG_KVM
-    struct kvm_device_attr attr = {
-        .group = KVM_DEV_VFIO_GROUP,
-        .attr = KVM_DEV_VFIO_GROUP_ADD,
-        .addr = (uint64_t)(unsigned long)&group->fd,
-    };
-
-    if (!kvm_enabled()) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (vfio_kvm_device_fd < 0) {
-        struct kvm_create_device cd = {
-            .type = KVM_DEV_TYPE_VFIO,
-        };
-
-        if (kvm_vm_ioctl(kvm_state, KVM_CREATE_DEVICE, &cd)) {
-            DPRINTF("KVM_CREATE_DEVICE: %m\n");
-            return;
-        }
-
-        vfio_kvm_device_fd = cd.fd;
-    }
-
-    if (ioctl(vfio_kvm_device_fd, KVM_SET_DEVICE_ATTR, &attr)) {
-        error_report("Failed to add group %d to KVM VFIO device: %m",
-                     group->groupid);
-    }
-#endif
-}
-
-static void vfio_kvm_device_del_group(VFIOGroup *group)
-{
-#ifdef CONFIG_KVM
-    struct kvm_device_attr attr = {
-        .group = KVM_DEV_VFIO_GROUP,
-        .attr = KVM_DEV_VFIO_GROUP_DEL,
-        .addr = (uint64_t)(unsigned long)&group->fd,
-    };
-
-    if (vfio_kvm_device_fd < 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (ioctl(vfio_kvm_device_fd, KVM_SET_DEVICE_ATTR, &attr)) {
-        error_report("Failed to remove group %d from KVM VFIO device: %m",
-                     group->groupid);
-    }
-#endif
-}
-
-static VFIOAddressSpace *vfio_get_address_space(AddressSpace *as)
-{
-    VFIOAddressSpace *space;
-
-    QLIST_FOREACH(space, &vfio_address_spaces, list) {
-        if (space->as == as) {
-            return space;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /* No suitable VFIOAddressSpace, create a new one */
-    space = g_malloc0(sizeof(*space));
-    space->as = as;
-    QLIST_INIT(&space->containers);
-
-    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vfio_address_spaces, space, list);
-
-    return space;
-}
-
-static void vfio_put_address_space(VFIOAddressSpace *space)
-{
-    if (QLIST_EMPTY(&space->containers)) {
-        QLIST_REMOVE(space, list);
-        g_free(space);
-    }
-}
-
-static int vfio_connect_container(VFIOGroup *group, AddressSpace *as)
-{
-    VFIOContainer *container;
-    int ret, fd;
-    VFIOAddressSpace *space;
-
-    space = vfio_get_address_space(as);
-
-    QLIST_FOREACH(container, &space->containers, next) {
-        if (!ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_SET_CONTAINER, &container->fd)) {
-            group->container = container;
-            QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&container->group_list, group, container_next);
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-
-    fd = qemu_open("/dev/vfio/vfio", O_RDWR);
-    if (fd < 0) {
-        error_report("vfio: failed to open /dev/vfio/vfio: %m");
-        ret = -errno;
-        goto put_space_exit;
-    }
-
-    ret = ioctl(fd, VFIO_GET_API_VERSION);
-    if (ret != VFIO_API_VERSION) {
-        error_report("vfio: supported vfio version: %d, "
-                     "reported version: %d", VFIO_API_VERSION, ret);
-        ret = -EINVAL;
-        goto close_fd_exit;
-    }
-
-    container = g_malloc0(sizeof(*container));
-    container->space = space;
-    container->fd = fd;
-
-    if (ioctl(fd, VFIO_CHECK_EXTENSION, VFIO_TYPE1_IOMMU)) {
-        ret = ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_SET_CONTAINER, &fd);
-        if (ret) {
-            error_report("vfio: failed to set group container: %m");
-            ret = -errno;
-            goto free_container_exit;
-        }
-
-        ret = ioctl(fd, VFIO_SET_IOMMU, VFIO_TYPE1_IOMMU);
-        if (ret) {
-            error_report("vfio: failed to set iommu for container: %m");
-            ret = -errno;
-            goto free_container_exit;
-        }
-
-        container->iommu_data.type1.listener = vfio_memory_listener;
-        container->iommu_data.release = vfio_listener_release;
-
-        memory_listener_register(&container->iommu_data.type1.listener,
-                                 &address_space_memory);
-
-        if (container->iommu_data.type1.error) {
-            ret = container->iommu_data.type1.error;
-            error_report("vfio: memory listener initialization failed for container");
-            goto listener_release_exit;
-        }
-
-        container->iommu_data.type1.initialized = true;
-
-    } else if (ioctl(fd, VFIO_CHECK_EXTENSION, VFIO_SPAPR_TCE_IOMMU)) {
-        ret = ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_SET_CONTAINER, &fd);
-        if (ret) {
-            error_report("vfio: failed to set group container: %m");
-            ret = -errno;
-            goto free_container_exit;
-        }
-
-        ret = ioctl(fd, VFIO_SET_IOMMU, VFIO_SPAPR_TCE_IOMMU);
-        if (ret) {
-            error_report("vfio: failed to set iommu for container: %m");
-            ret = -errno;
-            goto free_container_exit;
-        }
-
-        /*
-         * The host kernel code implementing VFIO_IOMMU_DISABLE is called
-         * when container fd is closed so we do not call it explicitly
-         * in this file.
-         */
-        ret = ioctl(fd, VFIO_IOMMU_ENABLE);
-        if (ret) {
-            error_report("vfio: failed to enable container: %m");
-            ret = -errno;
-            goto free_container_exit;
-        }
-
-        container->iommu_data.type1.listener = vfio_memory_listener;
-        container->iommu_data.release = vfio_listener_release;
-
-        memory_listener_register(&container->iommu_data.type1.listener,
-                                 container->space->as);
-
-    } else {
-        error_report("vfio: No available IOMMU models");
-        ret = -EINVAL;
-        goto free_container_exit;
-    }
-
-    QLIST_INIT(&container->group_list);
-    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&space->containers, container, next);
-
-    group->container = container;
-    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&container->group_list, group, container_next);
-
-    return 0;
-
-listener_release_exit:
-    vfio_listener_release(container);
-
-free_container_exit:
-    g_free(container);
-
-close_fd_exit:
-    close(fd);
-
-put_space_exit:
-    vfio_put_address_space(space);
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
-static void vfio_disconnect_container(VFIOGroup *group)
+static void vfio_pci_compute_needs_reset(VFIODevice *vbasedev)
 {
-    VFIOContainer *container = group->container;
-
-    if (ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_UNSET_CONTAINER, &container->fd)) {
-        error_report("vfio: error disconnecting group %d from container",
-                     group->groupid);
-    }
-
-    QLIST_REMOVE(group, container_next);
-    group->container = NULL;
-
-    if (QLIST_EMPTY(&container->group_list)) {
-        VFIOAddressSpace *space = container->space;
-
-        if (container->iommu_data.release) {
-            container->iommu_data.release(container);
-        }
-        QLIST_REMOVE(container, next);
-        DPRINTF("vfio_disconnect_container: close container->fd\n");
-        close(container->fd);
-        g_free(container);
-
-        vfio_put_address_space(space);
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = container_of(vbasedev, VFIOPCIDevice, vbasedev);
+    if (!vbasedev->reset_works || (!vdev->has_flr && vdev->has_pm_reset)) {
+        vbasedev->needs_reset = true;
     }
 }
 
-static VFIOGroup *vfio_get_group(int groupid, AddressSpace *as)
-{
-    VFIOGroup *group;
-    char path[32];
-    struct vfio_group_status status = { .argsz = sizeof(status) };
-
-    QLIST_FOREACH(group, &group_list, next) {
-        if (group->groupid == groupid) {
-            /* Found it.  Now is it already in the right context? */
-            if (group->container->space->as == as) {
-                return group;
-            } else {
-                error_report("vfio: group %d used in multiple address spaces",
-                             group->groupid);
-                return NULL;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    group = g_malloc0(sizeof(*group));
-
-    snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/dev/vfio/%d", groupid);
-    group->fd = qemu_open(path, O_RDWR);
-    if (group->fd < 0) {
-        error_report("vfio: error opening %s: %m", path);
-        goto free_group_exit;
-    }
-
-    if (ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_GET_STATUS, &status)) {
-        error_report("vfio: error getting group status: %m");
-        goto close_fd_exit;
-    }
-
-    if (!(status.flags & VFIO_GROUP_FLAGS_VIABLE)) {
-        error_report("vfio: error, group %d is not viable, please ensure "
-                     "all devices within the iommu_group are bound to their "
-                     "vfio bus driver.", groupid);
-        goto close_fd_exit;
-    }
-
-    group->groupid = groupid;
-    QLIST_INIT(&group->device_list);
-
-    if (vfio_connect_container(group, as)) {
-        error_report("vfio: failed to setup container for group %d", groupid);
-        goto close_fd_exit;
-    }
-
-    if (QLIST_EMPTY(&group_list)) {
-        qemu_register_reset(vfio_pci_reset_handler, NULL);
-    }
-
-    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&group_list, group, next);
-
-    vfio_kvm_device_add_group(group);
-
-    return group;
-
-close_fd_exit:
-    close(group->fd);
-
-free_group_exit:
-    g_free(group);
-
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-static void vfio_put_group(VFIOGroup *group)
-{
-    if (!QLIST_EMPTY(&group->device_list)) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    vfio_kvm_device_del_group(group);
-    vfio_disconnect_container(group);
-    QLIST_REMOVE(group, next);
-    DPRINTF("vfio_put_group: close group->fd\n");
-    close(group->fd);
-    g_free(group);
-
-    if (QLIST_EMPTY(&group_list)) {
-        qemu_unregister_reset(vfio_pci_reset_handler, NULL);
-    }
-}
+static VFIODeviceOps vfio_pci_ops = {
+    .vfio_compute_needs_reset = vfio_pci_compute_needs_reset,
+    .vfio_hot_reset_multi = vfio_pci_hot_reset_multi,
+    .vfio_eoi = vfio_eoi,
+    .vfio_populate_device = vfio_populate_device,
+};
 
-static int vfio_get_device(VFIOGroup *group, const char *name, VFIODevice *vdev)
+static int vfio_populate_device(VFIODevice *vbasedev)
 {
-    struct vfio_device_info dev_info = { .argsz = sizeof(dev_info) };
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = container_of(vbasedev, VFIOPCIDevice, vbasedev);
     struct vfio_region_info reg_info = { .argsz = sizeof(reg_info) };
     struct vfio_irq_info irq_info = { .argsz = sizeof(irq_info) };
-    int ret, i;
-
-    ret = ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_GET_DEVICE_FD, name);
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        error_report("vfio: error getting device %s from group %d: %m",
-                     name, group->groupid);
-        error_printf("Verify all devices in group %d are bound to vfio-pci "
-                     "or pci-stub and not already in use\n", group->groupid);
-        return ret;
-    }
-
-    vdev->fd = ret;
-    vdev->group = group;
-    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&group->device_list, vdev, next);
+    int i, ret = -1;
 
     /* Sanity check device */
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_INFO, &dev_info);
-    if (ret) {
-        error_report("vfio: error getting device info: %m");
-        goto error;
-    }
-
-    DPRINTF("Device %s flags: %u, regions: %u, irgs: %u\n", name,
-            dev_info.flags, dev_info.num_regions, dev_info.num_irqs);
-
-    if (!(dev_info.flags & VFIO_DEVICE_FLAGS_PCI)) {
+    if (!(vbasedev->flags & VFIO_DEVICE_FLAGS_PCI)) {
         error_report("vfio: Um, this isn't a PCI device");
         goto error;
     }
 
-    vdev->reset_works = !!(dev_info.flags & VFIO_DEVICE_FLAGS_RESET);
-
-    if (dev_info.num_regions < VFIO_PCI_CONFIG_REGION_INDEX + 1) {
+    if (vbasedev->num_regions < VFIO_PCI_CONFIG_REGION_INDEX + 1) {
         error_report("vfio: unexpected number of io regions %u",
-                     dev_info.num_regions);
+                     vbasedev->num_regions);
         goto error;
     }
 
-    if (dev_info.num_irqs < VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX + 1) {
-        error_report("vfio: unexpected number of irqs %u", dev_info.num_irqs);
+    if (vbasedev->num_irqs < VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX + 1) {
+        error_report("vfio: unexpected number of irqs %u", vbasedev->num_irqs);
         goto error;
     }
 
     for (i = VFIO_PCI_BAR0_REGION_INDEX; i < VFIO_PCI_ROM_REGION_INDEX; i++) {
         reg_info.index = i;
 
-        ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_REGION_INFO, &reg_info);
+        ret = ioctl(vbasedev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_REGION_INFO, &reg_info);
         if (ret) {
             error_report("vfio: Error getting region %d info: %m", i);
             goto error;
         }
 
-        DPRINTF("Device %s region %d:\n", name, i);
-        DPRINTF("  size: 0x%lx, offset: 0x%lx, flags: 0x%lx\n",
-                (unsigned long)reg_info.size, (unsigned long)reg_info.offset,
-                (unsigned long)reg_info.flags);
+        trace_vfio_populate_device_region(vbasedev->name, i,
+                                          (unsigned long)reg_info.size,
+                                          (unsigned long)reg_info.offset,
+                                          (unsigned long)reg_info.flags);
 
-        vdev->bars[i].flags = reg_info.flags;
-        vdev->bars[i].size = reg_info.size;
-        vdev->bars[i].fd_offset = reg_info.offset;
-        vdev->bars[i].fd = vdev->fd;
-        vdev->bars[i].nr = i;
+        vdev->bars[i].region.vbasedev = vbasedev;
+        vdev->bars[i].region.flags = reg_info.flags;
+        vdev->bars[i].region.size = reg_info.size;
+        vdev->bars[i].region.fd_offset = reg_info.offset;
+        vdev->bars[i].region.nr = i;
         QLIST_INIT(&vdev->bars[i].quirks);
     }
 
     reg_info.index = VFIO_PCI_CONFIG_REGION_INDEX;
 
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_REGION_INFO, &reg_info);
+    ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_REGION_INFO, &reg_info);
     if (ret) {
         error_report("vfio: Error getting config info: %m");
         goto error;
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("Device %s config:\n", name);
-    DPRINTF("  size: 0x%lx, offset: 0x%lx, flags: 0x%lx\n",
-            (unsigned long)reg_info.size, (unsigned long)reg_info.offset,
-            (unsigned long)reg_info.flags);
+    trace_vfio_populate_device_config(vdev->vbasedev.name,
+                                      (unsigned long)reg_info.size,
+                                      (unsigned long)reg_info.offset,
+                                      (unsigned long)reg_info.flags);
 
     vdev->config_size = reg_info.size;
     if (vdev->config_size == PCI_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE) {
@@ -3977,13 +3000,13 @@ static int vfio_get_device(VFIOGroup *group, const char *name, VFIODevice *vdev)
     vdev->config_offset = reg_info.offset;
 
     if ((vdev->features & VFIO_FEATURE_ENABLE_VGA) &&
-        dev_info.num_regions > VFIO_PCI_VGA_REGION_INDEX) {
+        vbasedev->num_regions > VFIO_PCI_VGA_REGION_INDEX) {
         struct vfio_region_info vga_info = {
             .argsz = sizeof(vga_info),
             .index = VFIO_PCI_VGA_REGION_INDEX,
          };
 
-        ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_REGION_INFO, &vga_info);
+        ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_REGION_INFO, &vga_info);
         if (ret) {
             error_report(
                 "vfio: Device does not support requested feature x-vga");
@@ -4000,7 +3023,7 @@ static int vfio_get_device(VFIOGroup *group, const char *name, VFIODevice *vdev)
         }
 
         vdev->vga.fd_offset = vga_info.offset;
-        vdev->vga.fd = vdev->fd;
+        vdev->vga.fd = vdev->vbasedev.fd;
 
         vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM].offset = QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM_BASE;
         vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM].nr = QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM;
@@ -4018,44 +3041,36 @@ static int vfio_get_device(VFIOGroup *group, const char *name, VFIODevice *vdev)
     }
     irq_info.index = VFIO_PCI_ERR_IRQ_INDEX;
 
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_IRQ_INFO, &irq_info);
+    ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_IRQ_INFO, &irq_info);
     if (ret) {
         /* This can fail for an old kernel or legacy PCI dev */
-        DPRINTF("VFIO_DEVICE_GET_IRQ_INFO failure: %m\n");
+        trace_vfio_populate_device_get_irq_info_failure();
         ret = 0;
     } else if (irq_info.count == 1) {
         vdev->pci_aer = true;
     } else {
-        error_report("vfio: %04x:%02x:%02x.%x "
+        error_report("vfio: %s "
                      "Could not enable error recovery for the device",
-                     vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-                     vdev->host.function);
+                     vbasedev->name);
     }
 
 error:
-    if (ret) {
-        QLIST_REMOVE(vdev, next);
-        vdev->group = NULL;
-        close(vdev->fd);
-    }
     return ret;
 }
 
-static void vfio_put_device(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_put_device(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
-    QLIST_REMOVE(vdev, next);
-    vdev->group = NULL;
-    DPRINTF("vfio_put_device: close vdev->fd\n");
-    close(vdev->fd);
+    g_free(vdev->vbasedev.name);
     if (vdev->msix) {
         g_free(vdev->msix);
         vdev->msix = NULL;
     }
+    vfio_put_base_device(&vdev->vbasedev);
 }
 
 static void vfio_err_notifier_handler(void *opaque)
 {
-    VFIODevice *vdev = opaque;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = opaque;
 
     if (!event_notifier_test_and_clear(&vdev->err_notifier)) {
         return;
@@ -4084,7 +3099,7 @@ static void vfio_err_notifier_handler(void *opaque)
  * and continue after disabling error recovery support for the
  * device.
  */
-static void vfio_register_err_notifier(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_register_err_notifier(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     int ret;
     int argsz;
@@ -4115,7 +3130,7 @@ static void vfio_register_err_notifier(VFIODevice *vdev)
     *pfd = event_notifier_get_fd(&vdev->err_notifier);
     qemu_set_fd_handler(*pfd, vfio_err_notifier_handler, NULL, vdev);
 
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
+    ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
     if (ret) {
         error_report("vfio: Failed to set up error notification");
         qemu_set_fd_handler(*pfd, NULL, NULL, vdev);
@@ -4125,7 +3140,7 @@ static void vfio_register_err_notifier(VFIODevice *vdev)
     g_free(irq_set);
 }
 
-static void vfio_unregister_err_notifier(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_unregister_err_notifier(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     int argsz;
     struct vfio_irq_set *irq_set;
@@ -4148,7 +3163,7 @@ static void vfio_unregister_err_notifier(VFIODevice *vdev)
     pfd = (int32_t *)&irq_set->data;
     *pfd = -1;
 
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
+    ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
     if (ret) {
         error_report("vfio: Failed to de-assign error fd: %m");
     }
@@ -4160,7 +3175,8 @@ static void vfio_unregister_err_notifier(VFIODevice *vdev)
 
 static int vfio_initfn(PCIDevice *pdev)
 {
-    VFIODevice *pvdev, *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIODevice, pdev, pdev);
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, pdev);
+    VFIODevice *vbasedev_iter;
     VFIOGroup *group;
     char path[PATH_MAX], iommu_group_path[PATH_MAX], *group_name;
     ssize_t len;
@@ -4178,6 +3194,13 @@ static int vfio_initfn(PCIDevice *pdev)
         return -errno;
     }
 
+    vdev->vbasedev.ops = &vfio_pci_ops;
+
+    vdev->vbasedev.type = VFIO_DEVICE_TYPE_PCI;
+    vdev->vbasedev.name = g_strdup_printf("%04x:%02x:%02x.%01x",
+                                          vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus,
+                                          vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+
     strncat(path, "iommu_group", sizeof(path) - strlen(path) - 1);
 
     len = readlink(path, iommu_group_path, sizeof(path));
@@ -4194,8 +3217,7 @@ static int vfio_initfn(PCIDevice *pdev)
         return -errno;
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) group %d\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function, groupid);
+    trace_vfio_initfn(vdev->vbasedev.name, groupid);
 
     group = vfio_get_group(groupid, pci_device_iommu_address_space(pdev));
     if (!group) {
@@ -4207,19 +3229,15 @@ static int vfio_initfn(PCIDevice *pdev)
             vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
             vdev->host.function);
 
-    QLIST_FOREACH(pvdev, &group->device_list, next) {
-        if (pvdev->host.domain == vdev->host.domain &&
-            pvdev->host.bus == vdev->host.bus &&
-            pvdev->host.slot == vdev->host.slot &&
-            pvdev->host.function == vdev->host.function) {
-
+    QLIST_FOREACH(vbasedev_iter, &group->device_list, next) {
+        if (strcmp(vbasedev_iter->name, vdev->vbasedev.name) == 0) {
             error_report("vfio: error: device %s is already attached", path);
             vfio_put_group(group);
             return -EBUSY;
         }
     }
 
-    ret = vfio_get_device(group, path, vdev);
+    ret = vfio_get_device(group, path, &vdev->vbasedev);
     if (ret) {
         error_report("vfio: failed to get device %s", path);
         vfio_put_group(group);
@@ -4227,7 +3245,7 @@ static int vfio_initfn(PCIDevice *pdev)
     }
 
     /* Get a copy of config space */
-    ret = pread(vdev->fd, vdev->pdev.config,
+    ret = pread(vdev->vbasedev.fd, vdev->pdev.config,
                 MIN(pci_config_size(&vdev->pdev), vdev->config_size),
                 vdev->config_offset);
     if (ret < (int)MIN(pci_config_size(&vdev->pdev), vdev->config_size)) {
@@ -4313,8 +3331,8 @@ out_put:
 
 static void vfio_exitfn(PCIDevice *pdev)
 {
-    VFIODevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIODevice, pdev, pdev);
-    VFIOGroup *group = vdev->group;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, pdev);
+    VFIOGroup *group = vdev->vbasedev.group;
 
     vfio_unregister_err_notifier(vdev);
     pci_device_set_intx_routing_notifier(&vdev->pdev, NULL);
@@ -4333,17 +3351,16 @@ static void vfio_exitfn(PCIDevice *pdev)
 static void vfio_pci_reset(DeviceState *dev)
 {
     PCIDevice *pdev = DO_UPCAST(PCIDevice, qdev, dev);
-    VFIODevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIODevice, pdev, pdev);
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, pdev);
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x)\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_pci_reset(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 
     vfio_pci_pre_reset(vdev);
 
-    if (vdev->reset_works && (vdev->has_flr || !vdev->has_pm_reset) &&
-        !ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_RESET)) {
-        DPRINTF("%04x:%02x:%02x.%x FLR/VFIO_DEVICE_RESET\n", vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+    if (vdev->vbasedev.reset_works &&
+        (vdev->has_flr || !vdev->has_pm_reset) &&
+        !ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_RESET)) {
+        trace_vfio_pci_reset_flr(vdev->vbasedev.name);
         goto post_reset;
     }
 
@@ -4353,10 +3370,9 @@ static void vfio_pci_reset(DeviceState *dev)
     }
 
     /* If nothing else works and the device supports PM reset, use it */
-    if (vdev->reset_works && vdev->has_pm_reset &&
-        !ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_RESET)) {
-        DPRINTF("%04x:%02x:%02x.%x PCI PM Reset\n", vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+    if (vdev->vbasedev.reset_works && vdev->has_pm_reset &&
+        !ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_RESET)) {
+        trace_vfio_pci_reset_pm(vdev->vbasedev.name);
         goto post_reset;
     }
 
@@ -4367,7 +3383,7 @@ post_reset:
 static void vfio_instance_init(Object *obj)
 {
     PCIDevice *pci_dev = PCI_DEVICE(obj);
-    VFIODevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIODevice, pdev, PCI_DEVICE(obj));
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, PCI_DEVICE(obj));
 
     device_add_bootindex_property(obj, &vdev->bootindex,
                                   "bootindex", NULL,
@@ -4375,15 +3391,16 @@ static void vfio_instance_init(Object *obj)
 }
 
 static Property vfio_pci_dev_properties[] = {
-    DEFINE_PROP_PCI_HOST_DEVADDR("host", VFIODevice, host),
-    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("x-intx-mmap-timeout-ms", VFIODevice,
+    DEFINE_PROP_PCI_HOST_DEVADDR("host", VFIOPCIDevice, host),
+    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("x-intx-mmap-timeout-ms", VFIOPCIDevice,
                        intx.mmap_timeout, 1100),
-    DEFINE_PROP_BIT("x-vga", VFIODevice, features,
+    DEFINE_PROP_BIT("x-vga", VFIOPCIDevice, features,
                     VFIO_FEATURE_ENABLE_VGA_BIT, false),
+    DEFINE_PROP_INT32("bootindex", VFIOPCIDevice, bootindex, -1),
     /*
      * TODO - support passed fds... is this necessary?
-     * DEFINE_PROP_STRING("vfiofd", VFIODevice, vfiofd_name),
-     * DEFINE_PROP_STRING("vfiogroupfd, VFIODevice, vfiogroupfd_name),
+     * DEFINE_PROP_STRING("vfiofd", VFIOPCIDevice, vfiofd_name),
+     * DEFINE_PROP_STRING("vfiogroupfd, VFIOPCIDevice, vfiogroupfd_name),
      */
     DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
 };
@@ -4413,7 +3430,7 @@ static void vfio_pci_dev_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
 static const TypeInfo vfio_pci_dev_info = {
     .name = "vfio-pci",
     .parent = TYPE_PCI_DEVICE,
-    .instance_size = sizeof(VFIODevice),
+    .instance_size = sizeof(VFIOPCIDevice),
     .class_init = vfio_pci_dev_class_init,
     .instance_init = vfio_instance_init,
 };
@@ -4424,47 +3441,3 @@ static void register_vfio_pci_dev_type(void)
 }
 
 type_init(register_vfio_pci_dev_type)
-
-static int vfio_container_do_ioctl(AddressSpace *as, int32_t groupid,
-                                   int req, void *param)
-{
-    VFIOGroup *group;
-    VFIOContainer *container;
-    int ret = -1;
-
-    group = vfio_get_group(groupid, as);
-    if (!group) {
-        error_report("vfio: group %d not registered", groupid);
-        return ret;
-    }
-
-    container = group->container;
-    if (group->container) {
-        ret = ioctl(container->fd, req, param);
-        if (ret < 0) {
-            error_report("vfio: failed to ioctl container: ret=%d, %s",
-                         ret, strerror(errno));
-        }
-    }
-
-    vfio_put_group(group);
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
-int vfio_container_ioctl(AddressSpace *as, int32_t groupid,
-                         int req, void *param)
-{
-    /* We allow only certain ioctls to the container */
-    switch (req) {
-    case VFIO_CHECK_EXTENSION:
-    case VFIO_IOMMU_SPAPR_TCE_GET_INFO:
-        break;
-    default:
-        /* Return an error on unknown requests */
-        error_report("vfio: unsupported ioctl %X", req);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return vfio_container_do_ioctl(as, groupid, req, param);
-}
diff --git a/hw/virtio/virtio-rng.c b/hw/virtio/virtio-rng.c
index 473c04410e..06e71782b2 100644
--- a/hw/virtio/virtio-rng.c
+++ b/hw/virtio/virtio-rng.c
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ static void virtio_rng_device_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     VirtIORNG *vrng = VIRTIO_RNG(dev);
     Error *local_err = NULL;
 
-    if (!vrng->conf.period_ms > 0) {
+    if (vrng->conf.period_ms <= 0) {
         error_setg(errp, "'period' parameter expects a positive integer");
         return;
     }