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-rw-r--r--include/hw/audio/virtio-snd.h235
-rw-r--r--include/hw/cxl/cxl.h6
-rw-r--r--include/hw/cxl/cxl_component.h6
-rw-r--r--include/hw/cxl/cxl_device.h109
-rw-r--r--include/hw/cxl/cxl_events.h3
-rw-r--r--include/hw/cxl/cxl_pci.h6
-rw-r--r--include/hw/pci-bridge/cxl_upstream_port.h19
-rw-r--r--include/hw/virtio/vhost-backend.h24
-rw-r--r--include/hw/virtio/vhost-user.h1
-rw-r--r--include/hw/virtio/vhost.h113
10 files changed, 504 insertions, 18 deletions
diff --git a/include/hw/audio/virtio-snd.h b/include/hw/audio/virtio-snd.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c3767f442b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/hw/audio/virtio-snd.h
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+/*
+ * VIRTIO Sound Device conforming to
+ *
+ * "Virtual I/O Device (VIRTIO) Version 1.2
+ * Committee Specification Draft 01
+ * 09 May 2022"
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2023 Emmanouil Pitsidianakis <manos.pitsidianakis@linaro.org>
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 OpenSynergy GmbH
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or
+ * (at your option) any later version.  See the COPYING file in the
+ * top-level directory.
+ */
+
+#ifndef QEMU_VIRTIO_SOUND_H
+#define QEMU_VIRTIO_SOUND_H
+
+#include "hw/virtio/virtio.h"
+#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "standard-headers/linux/virtio_ids.h"
+#include "standard-headers/linux/virtio_snd.h"
+
+#define TYPE_VIRTIO_SND "virtio-sound-device"
+#define VIRTIO_SND(obj) \
+        OBJECT_CHECK(VirtIOSound, (obj), TYPE_VIRTIO_SND)
+
+/* CONFIGURATION SPACE */
+
+typedef struct virtio_snd_config virtio_snd_config;
+
+/* COMMON DEFINITIONS */
+
+/* common header for request/response*/
+typedef struct virtio_snd_hdr virtio_snd_hdr;
+
+/* event notification */
+typedef struct virtio_snd_event virtio_snd_event;
+
+/* common control request to query an item information */
+typedef struct virtio_snd_query_info virtio_snd_query_info;
+
+/* JACK CONTROL MESSAGES */
+
+typedef struct virtio_snd_jack_hdr virtio_snd_jack_hdr;
+
+/* jack information structure */
+typedef struct virtio_snd_jack_info virtio_snd_jack_info;
+
+/* jack remapping control request */
+typedef struct virtio_snd_jack_remap virtio_snd_jack_remap;
+
+/*
+ * PCM CONTROL MESSAGES
+ */
+typedef struct virtio_snd_pcm_hdr virtio_snd_pcm_hdr;
+
+/* PCM stream info structure */
+typedef struct virtio_snd_pcm_info virtio_snd_pcm_info;
+
+/* set PCM stream params */
+typedef struct virtio_snd_pcm_set_params virtio_snd_pcm_set_params;
+
+/* I/O request header */
+typedef struct virtio_snd_pcm_xfer virtio_snd_pcm_xfer;
+
+/* I/O request status */
+typedef struct virtio_snd_pcm_status virtio_snd_pcm_status;
+
+/* device structs */
+
+typedef struct VirtIOSound VirtIOSound;
+
+typedef struct VirtIOSoundPCMStream VirtIOSoundPCMStream;
+
+typedef struct virtio_snd_ctrl_command virtio_snd_ctrl_command;
+
+typedef struct VirtIOSoundPCM VirtIOSoundPCM;
+
+typedef struct VirtIOSoundPCMBuffer VirtIOSoundPCMBuffer;
+
+/*
+ * The VirtIO sound spec reuses layouts and values from the High Definition
+ * Audio spec (virtio/v1.2: 5.14 Sound Device). This struct handles each I/O
+ * message's buffer (virtio/v1.2: 5.14.6.8 PCM I/O Messages).
+ *
+ * In the case of TX (i.e. playback) buffers, we defer reading the raw PCM data
+ * from the virtqueue until QEMU's sound backsystem calls the output callback.
+ * This is tracked by the `bool populated;` field, which is set to true when
+ * data has been read into our own buffer for consumption.
+ *
+ * VirtIOSoundPCMBuffer has a dynamic size since it includes the raw PCM data
+ * in its allocation. It must be initialized and destroyed as follows:
+ *
+ *   size_t size = [[derived from owned VQ element descriptor sizes]];
+ *   buffer = g_malloc0(sizeof(VirtIOSoundPCMBuffer) + size);
+ *   buffer->elem = [[owned VQ element]];
+ *
+ *   [..]
+ *
+ *   g_free(buffer->elem);
+ *   g_free(buffer);
+ */
+struct VirtIOSoundPCMBuffer {
+    QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(VirtIOSoundPCMBuffer) entry;
+    VirtQueueElement *elem;
+    VirtQueue *vq;
+    size_t size;
+    /*
+     * In TX / Plaback, `offset` represents the first unused position inside
+     * `data`. If `offset == size` then there are no unused data left.
+     */
+    uint64_t offset;
+    /* Used for the TX queue for lazy I/O copy from `elem` */
+    bool populated;
+    /*
+     * VirtIOSoundPCMBuffer is an unsized type because it ends with an array of
+     * bytes. The size of `data` is determined from the I/O message's read-only
+     * or write-only size when allocating VirtIOSoundPCMBuffer.
+     */
+    uint8_t data[];
+};
+
+struct VirtIOSoundPCM {
+    VirtIOSound *snd;
+    /*
+     * PCM parameters are a separate field instead of a VirtIOSoundPCMStream
+     * field, because the operation of PCM control requests is first
+     * VIRTIO_SND_R_PCM_SET_PARAMS and then VIRTIO_SND_R_PCM_PREPARE; this
+     * means that some times we get parameters without having an allocated
+     * stream yet.
+     */
+    virtio_snd_pcm_set_params *pcm_params;
+    VirtIOSoundPCMStream **streams;
+};
+
+struct VirtIOSoundPCMStream {
+    VirtIOSoundPCM *pcm;
+    virtio_snd_pcm_info info;
+    virtio_snd_pcm_set_params params;
+    uint32_t id;
+    /* channel position values (VIRTIO_SND_CHMAP_XXX) */
+    uint8_t positions[VIRTIO_SND_CHMAP_MAX_SIZE];
+    VirtIOSound *s;
+    bool flushing;
+    audsettings as;
+    union {
+        SWVoiceIn *in;
+        SWVoiceOut *out;
+    } voice;
+    QemuMutex queue_mutex;
+    bool active;
+    QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(, VirtIOSoundPCMBuffer) queue;
+    QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(, VirtIOSoundPCMBuffer) invalid;
+};
+
+/*
+ * PCM stream state machine.
+ * -------------------------
+ *
+ * 5.14.6.6.1 PCM Command Lifecycle
+ * ================================
+ *
+ * A PCM stream has the following command lifecycle:
+ * - `SET PARAMETERS`
+ *   The driver negotiates the stream parameters (format, transport, etc) with
+ *   the device.
+ *   Possible valid transitions: `SET PARAMETERS`, `PREPARE`.
+ * - `PREPARE`
+ *   The device prepares the stream (allocates resources, etc).
+ *   Possible valid transitions: `SET PARAMETERS`, `PREPARE`, `START`,
+ *   `RELEASE`. Output only: the driver transfers data for pre-buffing.
+ * - `START`
+ *   The device starts the stream (unmute, putting into running state, etc).
+ *   Possible valid transitions: `STOP`.
+ *   The driver transfers data to/from the stream.
+ * - `STOP`
+ *   The device stops the stream (mute, putting into non-running state, etc).
+ *   Possible valid transitions: `START`, `RELEASE`.
+ * - `RELEASE`
+ *   The device releases the stream (frees resources, etc).
+ *   Possible valid transitions: `SET PARAMETERS`, `PREPARE`.
+ *
+ * +---------------+ +---------+ +---------+ +-------+ +-------+
+ * | SetParameters | | Prepare | | Release | | Start | | Stop  |
+ * +---------------+ +---------+ +---------+ +-------+ +-------+
+ *         |-             |           |          |         |
+ *         ||             |           |          |         |
+ *         |<             |           |          |         |
+ *         |------------->|           |          |         |
+ *         |<-------------|           |          |         |
+ *         |              |-          |          |         |
+ *         |              ||          |          |         |
+ *         |              |<          |          |         |
+ *         |              |--------------------->|         |
+ *         |              |---------->|          |         |
+ *         |              |           |          |-------->|
+ *         |              |           |          |<--------|
+ *         |              |           |<-------------------|
+ *         |<-------------------------|          |         |
+ *         |              |<----------|          |         |
+ *
+ * CTRL in the VirtIOSound device
+ * ==============================
+ *
+ * The control messages that affect the state of a stream arrive in the
+ * `virtio_snd_handle_ctrl()` queue callback and are of type `struct
+ * virtio_snd_ctrl_command`. They are stored in a queue field in the device
+ * type, `VirtIOSound`. This allows deferring the CTRL request completion if
+ * it's not immediately possible due to locking/state reasons.
+ *
+ * The CTRL message is finally handled in `process_cmd()`.
+ */
+struct VirtIOSound {
+    VirtIODevice parent_obj;
+
+    VirtQueue *queues[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_MAX];
+    uint64_t features;
+    VirtIOSoundPCM *pcm;
+    QEMUSoundCard card;
+    VMChangeStateEntry *vmstate;
+    virtio_snd_config snd_conf;
+    QemuMutex cmdq_mutex;
+    QTAILQ_HEAD(, virtio_snd_ctrl_command) cmdq;
+    bool processing_cmdq;
+};
+
+struct virtio_snd_ctrl_command {
+    VirtQueueElement *elem;
+    VirtQueue *vq;
+    virtio_snd_hdr ctrl;
+    virtio_snd_hdr resp;
+    QTAILQ_ENTRY(virtio_snd_ctrl_command) next;
+};
+#endif
diff --git a/include/hw/cxl/cxl.h b/include/hw/cxl/cxl.h
index 4944725849..75e47b6864 100644
--- a/include/hw/cxl/cxl.h
+++ b/include/hw/cxl/cxl.h
@@ -61,4 +61,10 @@ OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(CXLHost, PXB_CXL_HOST)
 typedef struct CXLUpstreamPort CXLUpstreamPort;
 DECLARE_INSTANCE_CHECKER(CXLUpstreamPort, CXL_USP, TYPE_CXL_USP)
 CXLComponentState *cxl_usp_to_cstate(CXLUpstreamPort *usp);
+
+#define TYPE_CXL_DSP "cxl-downstream"
+
+typedef struct CXLDownstreamPort CXLDownstreamPort;
+DECLARE_INSTANCE_CHECKER(CXLDownstreamPort, CXL_DSP, TYPE_CXL_DSP)
+
 #endif
diff --git a/include/hw/cxl/cxl_component.h b/include/hw/cxl/cxl_component.h
index 3c795a6278..5227a8e833 100644
--- a/include/hw/cxl/cxl_component.h
+++ b/include/hw/cxl/cxl_component.h
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ enum reg_type {
     CXL2_LOGICAL_DEVICE,
     CXL2_ROOT_PORT,
     CXL2_UPSTREAM_PORT,
-    CXL2_DOWNSTREAM_PORT
+    CXL2_DOWNSTREAM_PORT,
+    CXL3_SWITCH_MAILBOX_CCI,
 };
 
 /*
@@ -175,7 +176,8 @@ HDM_DECODER_INIT(3);
     (CXL_IDE_REGISTERS_OFFSET + CXL_IDE_REGISTERS_SIZE)
 #define CXL_SNOOP_REGISTERS_SIZE   0x8
 
-QEMU_BUILD_BUG_MSG((CXL_SNOOP_REGISTERS_OFFSET + CXL_SNOOP_REGISTERS_SIZE) >= 0x1000,
+QEMU_BUILD_BUG_MSG((CXL_SNOOP_REGISTERS_OFFSET +
+                    CXL_SNOOP_REGISTERS_SIZE) >= 0x1000,
                    "No space for registers");
 
 typedef struct component_registers {
diff --git a/include/hw/cxl/cxl_device.h b/include/hw/cxl/cxl_device.h
index 51cd0d9ce3..61b7f897f7 100644
--- a/include/hw/cxl/cxl_device.h
+++ b/include/hw/cxl/cxl_device.h
@@ -111,6 +111,20 @@ typedef enum {
     CXL_MBOX_MAX = 0x17
 } CXLRetCode;
 
+typedef struct CXLCCI CXLCCI;
+typedef struct cxl_device_state CXLDeviceState;
+struct cxl_cmd;
+typedef CXLRetCode (*opcode_handler)(const struct cxl_cmd *cmd,
+                                     uint8_t *payload_in, size_t len_in,
+                                     uint8_t *payload_out, size_t *len_out,
+                                     CXLCCI *cci);
+struct cxl_cmd {
+    const char *name;
+    opcode_handler handler;
+    ssize_t in;
+    uint16_t effect; /* Reported in CEL */
+};
+
 typedef struct CXLEvent {
     CXLEventRecordRaw data;
     QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(CXLEvent) node;
@@ -127,6 +141,31 @@ typedef struct CXLEventLog {
     QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(, CXLEvent) events;
 } CXLEventLog;
 
+typedef struct CXLCCI {
+    const struct cxl_cmd (*cxl_cmd_set)[256];
+    struct cel_log {
+        uint16_t opcode;
+        uint16_t effect;
+    } cel_log[1 << 16];
+    size_t cel_size;
+
+    /* background command handling (times in ms) */
+    struct {
+        uint16_t opcode;
+        uint16_t complete_pct;
+        uint16_t ret_code; /* Current value of retcode */
+        uint64_t starttime;
+        /* set by each bg cmd, cleared by the bg_timer when complete */
+        uint64_t runtime;
+        QEMUTimer *timer;
+    } bg;
+    size_t payload_max;
+    /* Pointer to device hosting the CCI */
+    DeviceState *d;
+    /* Pointer to the device hosting the protocol conversion */
+    DeviceState *intf;
+} CXLCCI;
+
 typedef struct cxl_device_state {
     MemoryRegion device_registers;
 
@@ -154,17 +193,13 @@ typedef struct cxl_device_state {
     struct {
         MemoryRegion mailbox;
         uint16_t payload_size;
+        uint8_t mbox_msi_n;
         union {
             uint8_t mbox_reg_state[CXL_MAILBOX_REGISTERS_LENGTH];
             uint16_t mbox_reg_state16[CXL_MAILBOX_REGISTERS_LENGTH / 2];
             uint32_t mbox_reg_state32[CXL_MAILBOX_REGISTERS_LENGTH / 4];
             uint64_t mbox_reg_state64[CXL_MAILBOX_REGISTERS_LENGTH / 8];
         };
-        struct cel_log {
-            uint16_t opcode;
-            uint16_t effect;
-        } cel_log[1 << 16];
-        size_t cel_size;
     };
 
     struct {
@@ -178,21 +213,26 @@ typedef struct cxl_device_state {
     uint64_t pmem_size;
     uint64_t vmem_size;
 
+    const struct cxl_cmd (*cxl_cmd_set)[256];
     CXLEventLog event_logs[CXL_EVENT_TYPE_MAX];
 } CXLDeviceState;
 
 /* Initialize the register block for a device */
-void cxl_device_register_block_init(Object *obj, CXLDeviceState *dev);
+void cxl_device_register_block_init(Object *obj, CXLDeviceState *dev,
+                                    CXLCCI *cci);
 
+typedef struct CXLType3Dev CXLType3Dev;
+typedef struct CSWMBCCIDev CSWMBCCIDev;
 /* Set up default values for the register block */
-void cxl_device_register_init_common(CXLDeviceState *dev);
+void cxl_device_register_init_t3(CXLType3Dev *ct3d);
+void cxl_device_register_init_swcci(CSWMBCCIDev *sw);
 
 /*
  * CXL 2.0 - 8.2.8.1 including errata F4
  * Documented as a 128 bit register, but 64 bit accesses and the second
  * 64 bits are currently reserved.
  */
-REG64(CXL_DEV_CAP_ARRAY, 0) /* Documented as 128 bit register but 64 byte accesses */
+REG64(CXL_DEV_CAP_ARRAY, 0)
     FIELD(CXL_DEV_CAP_ARRAY, CAP_ID, 0, 16)
     FIELD(CXL_DEV_CAP_ARRAY, CAP_VERSION, 16, 8)
     FIELD(CXL_DEV_CAP_ARRAY, CAP_COUNT, 32, 16)
@@ -231,8 +271,20 @@ CXL_DEVICE_CAPABILITY_HEADER_REGISTER(MEMORY_DEVICE,
                                       CXL_DEVICE_CAP_HDR1_OFFSET +
                                           CXL_DEVICE_CAP_REG_SIZE * 2)
 
-void cxl_initialize_mailbox(CXLDeviceState *cxl_dstate);
-void cxl_process_mailbox(CXLDeviceState *cxl_dstate);
+void cxl_initialize_mailbox_t3(CXLCCI *cci, DeviceState *d, size_t payload_max);
+void cxl_initialize_mailbox_swcci(CXLCCI *cci, DeviceState *intf,
+                                  DeviceState *d, size_t payload_max);
+void cxl_init_cci(CXLCCI *cci, size_t payload_max);
+int cxl_process_cci_message(CXLCCI *cci, uint8_t set, uint8_t cmd,
+                            size_t len_in, uint8_t *pl_in,
+                            size_t *len_out, uint8_t *pl_out,
+                            bool *bg_started);
+void cxl_initialize_t3_fm_owned_ld_mctpcci(CXLCCI *cci, DeviceState *d,
+                                           DeviceState *intf,
+                                           size_t payload_max);
+
+void cxl_initialize_t3_ld_cci(CXLCCI *cci, DeviceState *d,
+                              DeviceState *intf, size_t payload_max);
 
 #define cxl_device_cap_init(dstate, reg, cap_id, ver)                      \
     do {                                                                   \
@@ -297,6 +349,23 @@ REG64(CXL_MEM_DEV_STS, 0)
     FIELD(CXL_MEM_DEV_STS, MBOX_READY, 4, 1)
     FIELD(CXL_MEM_DEV_STS, RESET_NEEDED, 5, 3)
 
+static inline void __toggle_media(CXLDeviceState *cxl_dstate, int val)
+{
+    uint64_t dev_status_reg;
+
+    dev_status_reg = FIELD_DP64(0, CXL_MEM_DEV_STS, MEDIA_STATUS, val);
+    cxl_dstate->mbox_reg_state64[R_CXL_MEM_DEV_STS] = dev_status_reg;
+}
+#define cxl_dev_disable_media(cxlds)                    \
+        do { __toggle_media((cxlds), 0x3); } while (0)
+#define cxl_dev_enable_media(cxlds)                     \
+        do { __toggle_media((cxlds), 0x1); } while (0)
+
+static inline bool sanitize_running(CXLCCI *cci)
+{
+    return !!cci->bg.runtime && cci->bg.opcode == 0x4400;
+}
+
 typedef struct CXLError {
     QTAILQ_ENTRY(CXLError) node;
     int type; /* Error code as per FE definition */
@@ -333,6 +402,10 @@ struct CXLType3Dev {
     AddressSpace hostpmem_as;
     CXLComponentState cxl_cstate;
     CXLDeviceState cxl_dstate;
+    CXLCCI cci; /* Primary PCI mailbox CCI */
+    /* Always intialized as no way to know if a VDM might show up */
+    CXLCCI vdm_fm_owned_ld_mctp_cci;
+    CXLCCI ld0_cci;
 
     /* DOE */
     DOECap doe_cdat;
@@ -361,9 +434,21 @@ struct CXLType3Class {
                         uint64_t offset);
     void (*set_lsa)(CXLType3Dev *ct3d, const void *buf, uint64_t size,
                     uint64_t offset);
-    bool (*set_cacheline)(CXLType3Dev *ct3d, uint64_t dpa_offset, uint8_t *data);
+    bool (*set_cacheline)(CXLType3Dev *ct3d, uint64_t dpa_offset,
+                          uint8_t *data);
 };
 
+struct CSWMBCCIDev {
+    PCIDevice parent_obj;
+    PCIDevice *target;
+    CXLComponentState cxl_cstate;
+    CXLDeviceState cxl_dstate;
+    CXLCCI *cci;
+};
+
+#define TYPE_CXL_SWITCH_MAILBOX_CCI "cxl-switch-mailbox-cci"
+OBJECT_DECLARE_TYPE(CSWMBCCIDev, CSWMBCCIClass, CXL_SWITCH_MAILBOX_CCI)
+
 MemTxResult cxl_type3_read(PCIDevice *d, hwaddr host_addr, uint64_t *data,
                            unsigned size, MemTxAttrs attrs);
 MemTxResult cxl_type3_write(PCIDevice *d, hwaddr host_addr, uint64_t data,
@@ -376,7 +461,7 @@ bool cxl_event_insert(CXLDeviceState *cxlds, CXLEventLogType log_type,
                       CXLEventRecordRaw *event);
 CXLRetCode cxl_event_get_records(CXLDeviceState *cxlds, CXLGetEventPayload *pl,
                                  uint8_t log_type, int max_recs,
-                                 uint16_t *len);
+                                 size_t *len);
 CXLRetCode cxl_event_clear_records(CXLDeviceState *cxlds,
                                    CXLClearEventPayload *pl);
 
diff --git a/include/hw/cxl/cxl_events.h b/include/hw/cxl/cxl_events.h
index 089ba2091f..d778487b7e 100644
--- a/include/hw/cxl/cxl_events.h
+++ b/include/hw/cxl/cxl_events.h
@@ -92,7 +92,8 @@ typedef enum CXLEventIntMode {
     CXL_INT_RES      = 0x03,
 } CXLEventIntMode;
 #define CXL_EVENT_INT_MODE_MASK 0x3
-#define CXL_EVENT_INT_SETTING(vector) ((((uint8_t)vector & 0xf) << 4) | CXL_INT_MSI_MSIX)
+#define CXL_EVENT_INT_SETTING(vector) \
+    ((((uint8_t)vector & 0xf) << 4) | CXL_INT_MSI_MSIX)
 typedef struct CXLEventInterruptPolicy {
     uint8_t info_settings;
     uint8_t warn_settings;
diff --git a/include/hw/cxl/cxl_pci.h b/include/hw/cxl/cxl_pci.h
index 407be95b9e..ddf01a543b 100644
--- a/include/hw/cxl/cxl_pci.h
+++ b/include/hw/cxl/cxl_pci.h
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ typedef struct CXLDVSECDevice {
 QEMU_BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(CXLDVSECDevice) != 0x38);
 
 /* CXL 2.0 - 8.1.5 (ID 0003) */
-typedef struct CXLDVSECPortExtensions {
+typedef struct CXLDVSECPortExt {
     DVSECHeader hdr;
     uint16_t status;
     uint16_t control;
@@ -100,8 +100,8 @@ typedef struct CXLDVSECPortExtensions {
     uint32_t alt_prefetch_limit_high;
     uint32_t rcrb_base;
     uint32_t rcrb_base_high;
-} CXLDVSECPortExtensions;
-QEMU_BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(CXLDVSECPortExtensions) != 0x28);
+} CXLDVSECPortExt;
+QEMU_BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(CXLDVSECPortExt) != 0x28);
 
 #define PORT_CONTROL_OFFSET          0xc
 #define PORT_CONTROL_UNMASK_SBR      1
diff --git a/include/hw/pci-bridge/cxl_upstream_port.h b/include/hw/pci-bridge/cxl_upstream_port.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..12635139f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/hw/pci-bridge/cxl_upstream_port.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+#ifndef CXL_USP_H
+#define CXL_USP_H
+#include "hw/pci/pcie.h"
+#include "hw/pci/pcie_port.h"
+#include "hw/cxl/cxl.h"
+
+typedef struct CXLUpstreamPort {
+    /*< private >*/
+    PCIEPort parent_obj;
+
+    /*< public >*/
+    CXLComponentState cxl_cstate;
+    CXLCCI swcci;
+    DOECap doe_cdat;
+    uint64_t sn;
+} CXLUpstreamPort;
+
+#endif /* CXL_SUP_H */
diff --git a/include/hw/virtio/vhost-backend.h b/include/hw/virtio/vhost-backend.h
index 96ccc18cd3..a86d103f82 100644
--- a/include/hw/virtio/vhost-backend.h
+++ b/include/hw/virtio/vhost-backend.h
@@ -26,6 +26,18 @@ typedef enum VhostSetConfigType {
     VHOST_SET_CONFIG_TYPE_MIGRATION = 1,
 } VhostSetConfigType;
 
+typedef enum VhostDeviceStateDirection {
+    /* Transfer state from back-end (device) to front-end */
+    VHOST_TRANSFER_STATE_DIRECTION_SAVE = 0,
+    /* Transfer state from front-end to back-end (device) */
+    VHOST_TRANSFER_STATE_DIRECTION_LOAD = 1,
+} VhostDeviceStateDirection;
+
+typedef enum VhostDeviceStatePhase {
+    /* The device (and all its vrings) is stopped */
+    VHOST_TRANSFER_STATE_PHASE_STOPPED = 0,
+} VhostDeviceStatePhase;
+
 struct vhost_inflight;
 struct vhost_dev;
 struct vhost_log;
@@ -129,6 +141,15 @@ typedef int (*vhost_set_config_call_op)(struct vhost_dev *dev,
 
 typedef void (*vhost_reset_status_op)(struct vhost_dev *dev);
 
+typedef bool (*vhost_supports_device_state_op)(struct vhost_dev *dev);
+typedef int (*vhost_set_device_state_fd_op)(struct vhost_dev *dev,
+                                            VhostDeviceStateDirection direction,
+                                            VhostDeviceStatePhase phase,
+                                            int fd,
+                                            int *reply_fd,
+                                            Error **errp);
+typedef int (*vhost_check_device_state_op)(struct vhost_dev *dev, Error **errp);
+
 typedef struct VhostOps {
     VhostBackendType backend_type;
     vhost_backend_init vhost_backend_init;
@@ -176,6 +197,9 @@ typedef struct VhostOps {
     vhost_force_iommu_op vhost_force_iommu;
     vhost_set_config_call_op vhost_set_config_call;
     vhost_reset_status_op vhost_reset_status;
+    vhost_supports_device_state_op vhost_supports_device_state;
+    vhost_set_device_state_fd_op vhost_set_device_state_fd;
+    vhost_check_device_state_op vhost_check_device_state;
 } VhostOps;
 
 int vhost_backend_update_device_iotlb(struct vhost_dev *dev,
diff --git a/include/hw/virtio/vhost-user.h b/include/hw/virtio/vhost-user.h
index 20b69d8e85..d7c09ffd34 100644
--- a/include/hw/virtio/vhost-user.h
+++ b/include/hw/virtio/vhost-user.h
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ enum VhostUserProtocolFeature {
     VHOST_USER_PROTOCOL_F_STATUS = 16,
     /* Feature 17 reserved for VHOST_USER_PROTOCOL_F_XEN_MMAP. */
     VHOST_USER_PROTOCOL_F_SHARED_OBJECT = 18,
+    VHOST_USER_PROTOCOL_F_DEVICE_STATE = 19,
     VHOST_USER_PROTOCOL_F_MAX
 };
 
diff --git a/include/hw/virtio/vhost.h b/include/hw/virtio/vhost.h
index 5e8183f64a..05d7204a08 100644
--- a/include/hw/virtio/vhost.h
+++ b/include/hw/virtio/vhost.h
@@ -351,4 +351,117 @@ static inline int vhost_reset_device(struct vhost_dev *hdev)
 }
 #endif /* CONFIG_VHOST */
 
+/**
+ * vhost_supports_device_state(): Checks whether the back-end supports
+ * transferring internal device state for the purpose of migration.
+ * Support for this feature is required for vhost_set_device_state_fd()
+ * and vhost_check_device_state().
+ *
+ * @dev: The vhost device
+ *
+ * Returns true if the device supports these commands, and false if it
+ * does not.
+ */
+bool vhost_supports_device_state(struct vhost_dev *dev);
+
+/**
+ * vhost_set_device_state_fd(): Begin transfer of internal state from/to
+ * the back-end for the purpose of migration.  Data is to be transferred
+ * over a pipe according to @direction and @phase.  The sending end must
+ * only write to the pipe, and the receiving end must only read from it.
+ * Once the sending end is done, it closes its FD.  The receiving end
+ * must take this as the end-of-transfer signal and close its FD, too.
+ *
+ * @fd is the back-end's end of the pipe: The write FD for SAVE, and the
+ * read FD for LOAD.  This function transfers ownership of @fd to the
+ * back-end, i.e. closes it in the front-end.
+ *
+ * The back-end may optionally reply with an FD of its own, if this
+ * improves efficiency on its end.  In this case, the returned FD is
+ * stored in *reply_fd.  The back-end will discard the FD sent to it,
+ * and the front-end must use *reply_fd for transferring state to/from
+ * the back-end.
+ *
+ * @dev: The vhost device
+ * @direction: The direction in which the state is to be transferred.
+ *             For outgoing migrations, this is SAVE, and data is read
+ *             from the back-end and stored by the front-end in the
+ *             migration stream.
+ *             For incoming migrations, this is LOAD, and data is read
+ *             by the front-end from the migration stream and sent to
+ *             the back-end to restore the saved state.
+ * @phase: Which migration phase we are in.  Currently, there is only
+ *         STOPPED (device and all vrings are stopped), in the future,
+ *         more phases such as PRE_COPY or POST_COPY may be added.
+ * @fd: Back-end's end of the pipe through which to transfer state; note
+ *      that ownership is transferred to the back-end, so this function
+ *      closes @fd in the front-end.
+ * @reply_fd: If the back-end wishes to use a different pipe for state
+ *            transfer, this will contain an FD for the front-end to
+ *            use.  Otherwise, -1 is stored here.
+ * @errp: Potential error description
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success, and -errno on failure.
+ */
+int vhost_set_device_state_fd(struct vhost_dev *dev,
+                              VhostDeviceStateDirection direction,
+                              VhostDeviceStatePhase phase,
+                              int fd,
+                              int *reply_fd,
+                              Error **errp);
+
+/**
+ * vhost_set_device_state_fd(): After transferring state from/to the
+ * back-end via vhost_set_device_state_fd(), i.e. once the sending end
+ * has closed the pipe, inquire the back-end to report any potential
+ * errors that have occurred on its side.  This allows to sense errors
+ * like:
+ * - During outgoing migration, when the source side had already started
+ *   to produce its state, something went wrong and it failed to finish
+ * - During incoming migration, when the received state is somehow
+ *   invalid and cannot be processed by the back-end
+ *
+ * @dev: The vhost device
+ * @errp: Potential error description
+ *
+ * Returns 0 when the back-end reports successful state transfer and
+ * processing, and -errno when an error occurred somewhere.
+ */
+int vhost_check_device_state(struct vhost_dev *dev, Error **errp);
+
+/**
+ * vhost_save_backend_state(): High-level function to receive a vhost
+ * back-end's state, and save it in @f.  Uses
+ * `vhost_set_device_state_fd()` to get the data from the back-end, and
+ * stores it in consecutive chunks that are each prefixed by their
+ * respective length (be32).  The end is marked by a 0-length chunk.
+ *
+ * Must only be called while the device and all its vrings are stopped
+ * (`VHOST_TRANSFER_STATE_PHASE_STOPPED`).
+ *
+ * @dev: The vhost device from which to save the state
+ * @f: Migration stream in which to save the state
+ * @errp: Potential error message
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success, and -errno otherwise.
+ */
+int vhost_save_backend_state(struct vhost_dev *dev, QEMUFile *f, Error **errp);
+
+/**
+ * vhost_load_backend_state(): High-level function to load a vhost
+ * back-end's state from @f, and send it over to the back-end.  Reads
+ * the data from @f in the format used by `vhost_save_state()`, and uses
+ * `vhost_set_device_state_fd()` to transfer it to the back-end.
+ *
+ * Must only be called while the device and all its vrings are stopped
+ * (`VHOST_TRANSFER_STATE_PHASE_STOPPED`).
+ *
+ * @dev: The vhost device to which to send the sate
+ * @f: Migration stream from which to load the state
+ * @errp: Potential error message
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success, and -errno otherwise.
+ */
+int vhost_load_backend_state(struct vhost_dev *dev, QEMUFile *f, Error **errp);
+
 #endif