11 files changed, 332 insertions, 150 deletions

diff --git a/qapi/Makefile.objs b/qapi/Makefile.objs
index 2278970690..7ea4aebb00 100644
--- a/qapi/Makefile.objs
+++ b/qapi/Makefile.objs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 util-obj-y = qapi-visit-core.o qapi-dealloc-visitor.o qmp-input-visitor.o
 util-obj-y += qmp-output-visitor.o qmp-registry.o qmp-dispatch.o
 util-obj-y += string-input-visitor.o string-output-visitor.o
-util-obj-y += opts-visitor.o
+util-obj-y += opts-visitor.o qapi-clone-visitor.o
 util-obj-y += qmp-event.o
 util-obj-y += qapi-util.o
diff --git a/qapi/block-core.json b/qapi/block-core.json
index 98a20d22f4..ac8f5f61d4 100644
--- a/qapi/block-core.json
+++ b/qapi/block-core.json
@@ -1961,7 +1961,8 @@
 #
 # @config:          #optional filename of the configuration file
 #
-# @align:           #optional required alignment for requests in bytes
+# @align:           #optional required alignment for requests in bytes,
+#                   must be power of 2, or 0 for default
 #
 # @inject-error:    #optional array of error injection descriptions
 #
diff --git a/qapi/opts-visitor.c b/qapi/opts-visitor.c
index 4cf1cf885b..1048bbc84e 100644
--- a/qapi/opts-visitor.c
+++ b/qapi/opts-visitor.c
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ opts_check_struct(Visitor *v, Error **errp)
 
 
 static void
-opts_end_struct(Visitor *v)
+opts_end_struct(Visitor *v, void **obj)
 {
     OptsVisitor *ov = to_ov(v);
 
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ opts_next_list(Visitor *v, GenericList *tail, size_t size)
 
 
 static void
-opts_end_list(Visitor *v)
+opts_end_list(Visitor *v, void **obj)
 {
     OptsVisitor *ov = to_ov(v);
 
@@ -513,7 +513,20 @@ opts_optional(Visitor *v, const char *name, bool *present)
 }
 
 
-OptsVisitor *
+static void
+opts_free(Visitor *v)
+{
+    OptsVisitor *ov = to_ov(v);
+
+    if (ov->unprocessed_opts != NULL) {
+        g_hash_table_destroy(ov->unprocessed_opts);
+    }
+    g_free(ov->fake_id_opt);
+    g_free(ov);
+}
+
+
+Visitor *
 opts_visitor_new(const QemuOpts *opts)
 {
     OptsVisitor *ov;
@@ -540,26 +553,9 @@ opts_visitor_new(const QemuOpts *opts)
      * skip some mandatory methods... */
 
     ov->visitor.optional = &opts_optional;
+    ov->visitor.free = opts_free;
 
     ov->opts_root = opts;
 
-    return ov;
-}
-
-
-void
-opts_visitor_cleanup(OptsVisitor *ov)
-{
-    if (ov->unprocessed_opts != NULL) {
-        g_hash_table_destroy(ov->unprocessed_opts);
-    }
-    g_free(ov->fake_id_opt);
-    g_free(ov);
-}
-
-
-Visitor *
-opts_get_visitor(OptsVisitor *ov)
-{
     return &ov->visitor;
 }
diff --git a/qapi/qapi-clone-visitor.c b/qapi/qapi-clone-visitor.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0bb8216372
--- /dev/null
+++ b/qapi/qapi-clone-visitor.c
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+/*
+ * Copy one QAPI object to another
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 Red Hat, Inc.
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "qapi/clone-visitor.h"
+#include "qapi/visitor-impl.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+
+struct QapiCloneVisitor {
+    Visitor visitor;
+    size_t depth;
+};
+
+static QapiCloneVisitor *to_qcv(Visitor *v)
+{
+    return container_of(v, QapiCloneVisitor, visitor);
+}
+
+static void qapi_clone_start_struct(Visitor *v, const char *name, void **obj,
+                                    size_t size, Error **errp)
+{
+    QapiCloneVisitor *qcv = to_qcv(v);
+
+    if (!obj) {
+        assert(qcv->depth);
+        /* Only possible when visiting an alternate's object
+         * branch. Nothing further to do here, since the earlier
+         * visit_start_alternate() already copied memory. */
+        return;
+    }
+
+    *obj = g_memdup(*obj, size);
+    qcv->depth++;
+}
+
+static void qapi_clone_end(Visitor *v, void **obj)
+{
+    QapiCloneVisitor *qcv = to_qcv(v);
+
+    assert(qcv->depth);
+    if (obj) {
+        qcv->depth--;
+    }
+}
+
+static void qapi_clone_start_list(Visitor *v, const char *name,
+                                  GenericList **listp, size_t size,
+                                  Error **errp)
+{
+    qapi_clone_start_struct(v, name, (void **)listp, size, errp);
+}
+
+static GenericList *qapi_clone_next_list(Visitor *v, GenericList *tail,
+                                         size_t size)
+{
+    QapiCloneVisitor *qcv = to_qcv(v);
+
+    assert(qcv->depth);
+    /* Unshare the tail of the list cloned by g_memdup() */
+    tail->next = g_memdup(tail->next, size);
+    return tail->next;
+}
+
+static void qapi_clone_start_alternate(Visitor *v, const char *name,
+                                       GenericAlternate **obj, size_t size,
+                                       bool promote_int, Error **errp)
+{
+    qapi_clone_start_struct(v, name, (void **)obj, size, errp);
+}
+
+static void qapi_clone_type_int64(Visitor *v, const char *name, int64_t *obj,
+                                   Error **errp)
+{
+    QapiCloneVisitor *qcv = to_qcv(v);
+
+    assert(qcv->depth);
+    /* Value was already cloned by g_memdup() */
+}
+
+static void qapi_clone_type_uint64(Visitor *v, const char *name,
+                                    uint64_t *obj, Error **errp)
+{
+    QapiCloneVisitor *qcv = to_qcv(v);
+
+    assert(qcv->depth);
+    /* Value was already cloned by g_memdup() */
+}
+
+static void qapi_clone_type_bool(Visitor *v, const char *name, bool *obj,
+                                  Error **errp)
+{
+    QapiCloneVisitor *qcv = to_qcv(v);
+
+    assert(qcv->depth);
+    /* Value was already cloned by g_memdup() */
+}
+
+static void qapi_clone_type_str(Visitor *v, const char *name, char **obj,
+                                 Error **errp)
+{
+    QapiCloneVisitor *qcv = to_qcv(v);
+
+    assert(qcv->depth);
+    /*
+     * Pointer was already cloned by g_memdup; create fresh copy.
+     * Note that as long as qmp-output-visitor accepts NULL instead of
+     * "", then we must do likewise. However, we want to obey the
+     * input visitor semantics of never producing NULL when the empty
+     * string is intended.
+     */
+    *obj = g_strdup(*obj ?: "");
+}
+
+static void qapi_clone_type_number(Visitor *v, const char *name, double *obj,
+                                    Error **errp)
+{
+    QapiCloneVisitor *qcv = to_qcv(v);
+
+    assert(qcv->depth);
+    /* Value was already cloned by g_memdup() */
+}
+
+static void qapi_clone_type_null(Visitor *v, const char *name, Error **errp)
+{
+    QapiCloneVisitor *qcv = to_qcv(v);
+
+    assert(qcv->depth);
+    /* Nothing to do */
+}
+
+static void qapi_clone_free(Visitor *v)
+{
+    g_free(v);
+}
+
+static Visitor *qapi_clone_visitor_new(void)
+{
+    QapiCloneVisitor *v;
+
+    v = g_malloc0(sizeof(*v));
+
+    v->visitor.type = VISITOR_CLONE;
+    v->visitor.start_struct = qapi_clone_start_struct;
+    v->visitor.end_struct = qapi_clone_end;
+    v->visitor.start_list = qapi_clone_start_list;
+    v->visitor.next_list = qapi_clone_next_list;
+    v->visitor.end_list = qapi_clone_end;
+    v->visitor.start_alternate = qapi_clone_start_alternate;
+    v->visitor.end_alternate = qapi_clone_end;
+    v->visitor.type_int64 = qapi_clone_type_int64;
+    v->visitor.type_uint64 = qapi_clone_type_uint64;
+    v->visitor.type_bool = qapi_clone_type_bool;
+    v->visitor.type_str = qapi_clone_type_str;
+    v->visitor.type_number = qapi_clone_type_number;
+    v->visitor.type_null = qapi_clone_type_null;
+    v->visitor.free = qapi_clone_free;
+
+    return &v->visitor;
+}
+
+void *qapi_clone(const void *src, void (*visit_type)(Visitor *, const char *,
+                                                     void **, Error **))
+{
+    Visitor *v;
+    void *dst = (void *) src; /* Cast away const */
+
+    if (!src) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    v = qapi_clone_visitor_new();
+    visit_type(v, NULL, &dst, &error_abort);
+    visit_free(v);
+    return dst;
+}
diff --git a/qapi/qapi-dealloc-visitor.c b/qapi/qapi-dealloc-visitor.c
index cd68b55a1a..e39457bc79 100644
--- a/qapi/qapi-dealloc-visitor.c
+++ b/qapi/qapi-dealloc-visitor.c
@@ -19,53 +19,18 @@
 #include "qapi/qmp/types.h"
 #include "qapi/visitor-impl.h"
 
-typedef struct StackEntry
-{
-    void *value;
-    QTAILQ_ENTRY(StackEntry) node;
-} StackEntry;
-
 struct QapiDeallocVisitor
 {
     Visitor visitor;
-    QTAILQ_HEAD(, StackEntry) stack;
 };
 
-static QapiDeallocVisitor *to_qov(Visitor *v)
-{
-    return container_of(v, QapiDeallocVisitor, visitor);
-}
-
-static void qapi_dealloc_push(QapiDeallocVisitor *qov, void *value)
-{
-    StackEntry *e = g_malloc0(sizeof(*e));
-
-    e->value = value;
-
-    QTAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&qov->stack, e, node);
-}
-
-static void *qapi_dealloc_pop(QapiDeallocVisitor *qov)
-{
-    StackEntry *e = QTAILQ_FIRST(&qov->stack);
-    QObject *value;
-    QTAILQ_REMOVE(&qov->stack, e, node);
-    value = e->value;
-    g_free(e);
-    return value;
-}
-
 static void qapi_dealloc_start_struct(Visitor *v, const char *name, void **obj,
                                       size_t unused, Error **errp)
 {
-    QapiDeallocVisitor *qov = to_qov(v);
-    qapi_dealloc_push(qov, obj);
 }
 
-static void qapi_dealloc_end_struct(Visitor *v)
+static void qapi_dealloc_end_struct(Visitor *v, void **obj)
 {
-    QapiDeallocVisitor *qov = to_qov(v);
-    void **obj = qapi_dealloc_pop(qov);
     if (obj) {
         g_free(*obj);
     }
@@ -75,14 +40,10 @@ static void qapi_dealloc_start_alternate(Visitor *v, const char *name,
                                          GenericAlternate **obj, size_t size,
                                          bool promote_int, Error **errp)
 {
-    QapiDeallocVisitor *qov = to_qov(v);
-    qapi_dealloc_push(qov, obj);
 }
 
-static void qapi_dealloc_end_alternate(Visitor *v)
+static void qapi_dealloc_end_alternate(Visitor *v, void **obj)
 {
-    QapiDeallocVisitor *qov = to_qov(v);
-    void **obj = qapi_dealloc_pop(qov);
     if (obj) {
         g_free(*obj);
     }
@@ -102,7 +63,7 @@ static GenericList *qapi_dealloc_next_list(Visitor *v, GenericList *tail,
     return next;
 }
 
-static void qapi_dealloc_end_list(Visitor *v)
+static void qapi_dealloc_end_list(Visitor *v, void **obj)
 {
 }
 
@@ -146,17 +107,12 @@ static void qapi_dealloc_type_null(Visitor *v, const char *name, Error **errp)
 {
 }
 
-Visitor *qapi_dealloc_get_visitor(QapiDeallocVisitor *v)
+static void qapi_dealloc_free(Visitor *v)
 {
-    return &v->visitor;
+    g_free(container_of(v, QapiDeallocVisitor, visitor));
 }
 
-void qapi_dealloc_visitor_cleanup(QapiDeallocVisitor *v)
-{
-    g_free(v);
-}
-
-QapiDeallocVisitor *qapi_dealloc_visitor_new(void)
+Visitor *qapi_dealloc_visitor_new(void)
 {
     QapiDeallocVisitor *v;
 
@@ -177,8 +133,7 @@ QapiDeallocVisitor *qapi_dealloc_visitor_new(void)
     v->visitor.type_number = qapi_dealloc_type_number;
     v->visitor.type_any = qapi_dealloc_type_anything;
     v->visitor.type_null = qapi_dealloc_type_null;
+    v->visitor.free = qapi_dealloc_free;
 
-    QTAILQ_INIT(&v->stack);
-
-    return v;
+    return &v->visitor;
 }
diff --git a/qapi/qapi-visit-core.c b/qapi/qapi-visit-core.c
index eada4676a2..55f5876dc0 100644
--- a/qapi/qapi-visit-core.c
+++ b/qapi/qapi-visit-core.c
@@ -20,6 +20,21 @@
 #include "qapi/visitor.h"
 #include "qapi/visitor-impl.h"
 
+void visit_complete(Visitor *v, void *opaque)
+{
+    assert(v->type != VISITOR_OUTPUT || v->complete);
+    if (v->complete) {
+        v->complete(v, opaque);
+    }
+}
+
+void visit_free(Visitor *v)
+{
+    if (v) {
+        v->free(v);
+    }
+}
+
 void visit_start_struct(Visitor *v, const char *name, void **obj,
                         size_t size, Error **errp)
 {
@@ -27,10 +42,10 @@ void visit_start_struct(Visitor *v, const char *name, void **obj,
 
     if (obj) {
         assert(size);
-        assert(v->type != VISITOR_OUTPUT || *obj);
+        assert(!(v->type & VISITOR_OUTPUT) || *obj);
     }
     v->start_struct(v, name, obj, size, &err);
-    if (obj && v->type == VISITOR_INPUT) {
+    if (obj && (v->type & VISITOR_INPUT)) {
         assert(!err != !*obj);
     }
     error_propagate(errp, err);
@@ -43,9 +58,9 @@ void visit_check_struct(Visitor *v, Error **errp)
     }
 }
 
-void visit_end_struct(Visitor *v)
+void visit_end_struct(Visitor *v, void **obj)
 {
-    v->end_struct(v);
+    v->end_struct(v, obj);
 }
 
 void visit_start_list(Visitor *v, const char *name, GenericList **list,
@@ -55,7 +70,7 @@ void visit_start_list(Visitor *v, const char *name, GenericList **list,
 
     assert(!list || size >= sizeof(GenericList));
     v->start_list(v, name, list, size, &err);
-    if (list && v->type == VISITOR_INPUT) {
+    if (list && (v->type & VISITOR_INPUT)) {
         assert(!(err && *list));
     }
     error_propagate(errp, err);
@@ -67,9 +82,9 @@ GenericList *visit_next_list(Visitor *v, GenericList *tail, size_t size)
     return v->next_list(v, tail, size);
 }
 
-void visit_end_list(Visitor *v)
+void visit_end_list(Visitor *v, void **obj)
 {
-    v->end_list(v);
+    v->end_list(v, obj);
 }
 
 void visit_start_alternate(Visitor *v, const char *name,
@@ -79,20 +94,20 @@ void visit_start_alternate(Visitor *v, const char *name,
     Error *err = NULL;
 
     assert(obj && size >= sizeof(GenericAlternate));
-    assert(v->type != VISITOR_OUTPUT || *obj);
+    assert(!(v->type & VISITOR_OUTPUT) || *obj);
     if (v->start_alternate) {
         v->start_alternate(v, name, obj, size, promote_int, &err);
     }
-    if (v->type == VISITOR_INPUT) {
+    if (v->type & VISITOR_INPUT) {
         assert(v->start_alternate && !err != !*obj);
     }
     error_propagate(errp, err);
 }
 
-void visit_end_alternate(Visitor *v)
+void visit_end_alternate(Visitor *v, void **obj)
 {
     if (v->end_alternate) {
-        v->end_alternate(v);
+        v->end_alternate(v, obj);
     }
 }
 
@@ -235,10 +250,10 @@ void visit_type_str(Visitor *v, const char *name, char **obj, Error **errp)
     assert(obj);
     /* TODO: Fix callers to not pass NULL when they mean "", so that we
      * can enable:
-    assert(v->type != VISITOR_OUTPUT || *obj);
+    assert(!(v->type & VISITOR_OUTPUT) || *obj);
      */
     v->type_str(v, name, obj, &err);
-    if (v->type == VISITOR_INPUT) {
+    if (v->type & VISITOR_INPUT) {
         assert(!err != !*obj);
     }
     error_propagate(errp, err);
@@ -320,9 +335,19 @@ void visit_type_enum(Visitor *v, const char *name, int *obj,
                      const char *const strings[], Error **errp)
 {
     assert(obj && strings);
-    if (v->type == VISITOR_INPUT) {
+    switch (v->type) {
+    case VISITOR_INPUT:
         input_type_enum(v, name, obj, strings, errp);
-    } else if (v->type == VISITOR_OUTPUT) {
+        break;
+    case VISITOR_OUTPUT:
         output_type_enum(v, name, obj, strings, errp);
+        break;
+    case VISITOR_CLONE:
+        /* nothing further to do, scalar value was already copied by
+         * g_memdup() during visit_start_*() */
+        break;
+    case VISITOR_DEALLOC:
+        /* nothing to deallocate for a scalar */
+        break;
     }
 }
diff --git a/qapi/qmp-dispatch.c b/qapi/qmp-dispatch.c
index 08faf853ac..505eb418ac 100644
--- a/qapi/qmp-dispatch.c
+++ b/qapi/qmp-dispatch.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "qapi/qmp/types.h"
 #include "qapi/qmp/dispatch.h"
 #include "qapi/qmp/json-parser.h"
+#include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
 #include "qapi-types.h"
 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
 
diff --git a/qapi/qmp-input-visitor.c b/qapi/qmp-input-visitor.c
index aea90a1378..21edb3928e 100644
--- a/qapi/qmp-input-visitor.c
+++ b/qapi/qmp-input-visitor.c
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 typedef struct StackObject
 {
     QObject *obj; /* Object being visited */
+    void *qapi; /* sanity check that caller uses same pointer */
 
     GHashTable *h;           /* If obj is dict: unvisited keys */
     const QListEntry *entry; /* If obj is list: unvisited tail */
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ static void qdict_add_key(const char *key, QObject *obj, void *opaque)
 }
 
 static const QListEntry *qmp_input_push(QmpInputVisitor *qiv, QObject *obj,
-                                        Error **errp)
+                                        void *qapi, Error **errp)
 {
     GHashTable *h;
     StackObject *tos = &qiv->stack[qiv->nb_stack];
@@ -108,6 +109,7 @@ static const QListEntry *qmp_input_push(QmpInputVisitor *qiv, QObject *obj,
     }
 
     tos->obj = obj;
+    tos->qapi = qapi;
     assert(!tos->h);
     assert(!tos->entry);
 
@@ -145,12 +147,13 @@ static void qmp_input_check_struct(Visitor *v, Error **errp)
     }
 }
 
-static void qmp_input_pop(Visitor *v)
+static void qmp_input_pop(Visitor *v, void **obj)
 {
     QmpInputVisitor *qiv = to_qiv(v);
     StackObject *tos = &qiv->stack[qiv->nb_stack - 1];
 
     assert(qiv->nb_stack > 0);
+    assert(tos->qapi == obj);
 
     if (qiv->strict) {
         GHashTable * const top_ht = qiv->stack[qiv->nb_stack - 1].h;
@@ -179,7 +182,7 @@ static void qmp_input_start_struct(Visitor *v, const char *name, void **obj,
         return;
     }
 
-    qmp_input_push(qiv, qobj, &err);
+    qmp_input_push(qiv, qobj, obj, &err);
     if (err) {
         error_propagate(errp, err);
         return;
@@ -207,7 +210,7 @@ static void qmp_input_start_list(Visitor *v, const char *name,
         return;
     }
 
-    entry = qmp_input_push(qiv, qobj, errp);
+    entry = qmp_input_push(qiv, qobj, list, errp);
     if (list) {
         if (entry) {
             *list = g_malloc0(size);
@@ -370,18 +373,15 @@ static void qmp_input_optional(Visitor *v, const char *name, bool *present)
     *present = true;
 }
 
-Visitor *qmp_input_get_visitor(QmpInputVisitor *v)
+static void qmp_input_free(Visitor *v)
 {
-    return &v->visitor;
-}
+    QmpInputVisitor *qiv = to_qiv(v);
 
-void qmp_input_visitor_cleanup(QmpInputVisitor *v)
-{
-    qobject_decref(v->root);
-    g_free(v);
+    qobject_decref(qiv->root);
+    g_free(qiv);
 }
 
-QmpInputVisitor *qmp_input_visitor_new(QObject *obj, bool strict)
+Visitor *qmp_input_visitor_new(QObject *obj, bool strict)
 {
     QmpInputVisitor *v;
 
@@ -403,10 +403,11 @@ QmpInputVisitor *qmp_input_visitor_new(QObject *obj, bool strict)
     v->visitor.type_any = qmp_input_type_any;
     v->visitor.type_null = qmp_input_type_null;
     v->visitor.optional = qmp_input_optional;
+    v->visitor.free = qmp_input_free;
     v->strict = strict;
 
     v->root = obj;
     qobject_incref(obj);
 
-    return v;
+    return &v->visitor;
 }
diff --git a/qapi/qmp-output-visitor.c b/qapi/qmp-output-visitor.c
index 4d3cf78333..0452056d42 100644
--- a/qapi/qmp-output-visitor.c
+++ b/qapi/qmp-output-visitor.c
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 typedef struct QStackEntry
 {
     QObject *value;
+    void *qapi; /* sanity check that caller uses same pointer */
     QTAILQ_ENTRY(QStackEntry) node;
 } QStackEntry;
 
@@ -32,11 +33,13 @@ struct QmpOutputVisitor
     Visitor visitor;
     QStack stack; /* Stack of containers that haven't yet been finished */
     QObject *root; /* Root of the output visit */
+    QObject **result; /* User's storage location for result */
 };
 
 #define qmp_output_add(qov, name, value) \
     qmp_output_add_obj(qov, name, QOBJECT(value))
-#define qmp_output_push(qov, value) qmp_output_push_obj(qov, QOBJECT(value))
+#define qmp_output_push(qov, value, qapi) \
+    qmp_output_push_obj(qov, QOBJECT(value), qapi)
 
 static QmpOutputVisitor *to_qov(Visitor *v)
 {
@@ -44,23 +47,26 @@ static QmpOutputVisitor *to_qov(Visitor *v)
 }
 
 /* Push @value onto the stack of current QObjects being built */
-static void qmp_output_push_obj(QmpOutputVisitor *qov, QObject *value)
+static void qmp_output_push_obj(QmpOutputVisitor *qov, QObject *value,
+                                void *qapi)
 {
     QStackEntry *e = g_malloc0(sizeof(*e));
 
     assert(qov->root);
     assert(value);
     e->value = value;
+    e->qapi = qapi;
     QTAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&qov->stack, e, node);
 }
 
 /* Pop a value off the stack of QObjects being built, and return it. */
-static QObject *qmp_output_pop(QmpOutputVisitor *qov)
+static QObject *qmp_output_pop(QmpOutputVisitor *qov, void *qapi)
 {
     QStackEntry *e = QTAILQ_FIRST(&qov->stack);
     QObject *value;
 
     assert(e);
+    assert(e->qapi == qapi);
     QTAILQ_REMOVE(&qov->stack, e, node);
     value = e->value;
     assert(value);
@@ -104,13 +110,13 @@ static void qmp_output_start_struct(Visitor *v, const char *name, void **obj,
     QDict *dict = qdict_new();
 
     qmp_output_add(qov, name, dict);
-    qmp_output_push(qov, dict);
+    qmp_output_push(qov, dict, obj);
 }
 
-static void qmp_output_end_struct(Visitor *v)
+static void qmp_output_end_struct(Visitor *v, void **obj)
 {
     QmpOutputVisitor *qov = to_qov(v);
-    QObject *value = qmp_output_pop(qov);
+    QObject *value = qmp_output_pop(qov, obj);
     assert(qobject_type(value) == QTYPE_QDICT);
 }
 
@@ -122,7 +128,7 @@ static void qmp_output_start_list(Visitor *v, const char *name,
     QList *list = qlist_new();
 
     qmp_output_add(qov, name, list);
-    qmp_output_push(qov, list);
+    qmp_output_push(qov, list, listp);
 }
 
 static GenericList *qmp_output_next_list(Visitor *v, GenericList *tail,
@@ -131,10 +137,10 @@ static GenericList *qmp_output_next_list(Visitor *v, GenericList *tail,
     return tail->next;
 }
 
-static void qmp_output_end_list(Visitor *v)
+static void qmp_output_end_list(Visitor *v, void **obj)
 {
     QmpOutputVisitor *qov = to_qov(v);
-    QObject *value = qmp_output_pop(qov);
+    QObject *value = qmp_output_pop(qov, obj);
     assert(qobject_type(value) == QTYPE_QLIST);
 }
 
@@ -195,34 +201,34 @@ static void qmp_output_type_null(Visitor *v, const char *name, Error **errp)
 /* Finish building, and return the root object.
  * The root object is never null. The caller becomes the object's
  * owner, and should use qobject_decref() when done with it.  */
-QObject *qmp_output_get_qobject(QmpOutputVisitor *qov)
+static void qmp_output_complete(Visitor *v, void *opaque)
 {
+    QmpOutputVisitor *qov = to_qov(v);
+
     /* A visit must have occurred, with each start paired with end.  */
     assert(qov->root && QTAILQ_EMPTY(&qov->stack));
+    assert(opaque == qov->result);
 
     qobject_incref(qov->root);
-    return qov->root;
-}
-
-Visitor *qmp_output_get_visitor(QmpOutputVisitor *v)
-{
-    return &v->visitor;
+    *qov->result = qov->root;
+    qov->result = NULL;
 }
 
-void qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(QmpOutputVisitor *v)
+static void qmp_output_free(Visitor *v)
 {
+    QmpOutputVisitor *qov = to_qov(v);
     QStackEntry *e, *tmp;
 
-    QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(e, &v->stack, node, tmp) {
-        QTAILQ_REMOVE(&v->stack, e, node);
+    QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(e, &qov->stack, node, tmp) {
+        QTAILQ_REMOVE(&qov->stack, e, node);
         g_free(e);
     }
 
-    qobject_decref(v->root);
-    g_free(v);
+    qobject_decref(qov->root);
+    g_free(qov);
 }
 
-QmpOutputVisitor *qmp_output_visitor_new(void)
+Visitor *qmp_output_visitor_new(QObject **result)
 {
     QmpOutputVisitor *v;
 
@@ -241,8 +247,12 @@ QmpOutputVisitor *qmp_output_visitor_new(void)
     v->visitor.type_number = qmp_output_type_number;
     v->visitor.type_any = qmp_output_type_any;
     v->visitor.type_null = qmp_output_type_null;
+    v->visitor.complete = qmp_output_complete;
+    v->visitor.free = qmp_output_free;
 
     QTAILQ_INIT(&v->stack);
+    *result = NULL;
+    v->result = result;
 
-    return v;
+    return &v->visitor;
 }
diff --git a/qapi/string-input-visitor.c b/qapi/string-input-visitor.c
index 0690abb7de..8dfa561252 100644
--- a/qapi/string-input-visitor.c
+++ b/qapi/string-input-visitor.c
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ struct StringInputVisitor
     int64_t cur;
 
     const char *string;
+    void *list; /* Only needed for sanity checking the caller */
 };
 
 static StringInputVisitor *to_siv(Visitor *v)
@@ -120,6 +121,7 @@ start_list(Visitor *v, const char *name, GenericList **list, size_t size,
 
     /* We don't support visits without a list */
     assert(list);
+    siv->list = list;
 
     if (parse_str(siv, name, errp) < 0) {
         *list = NULL;
@@ -168,8 +170,11 @@ static GenericList *next_list(Visitor *v, GenericList *tail, size_t size)
     return tail->next;
 }
 
-static void end_list(Visitor *v)
+static void end_list(Visitor *v, void **obj)
 {
+    StringInputVisitor *siv = to_siv(v);
+
+    assert(siv->list == obj);
 }
 
 static void parse_type_int64(Visitor *v, const char *name, int64_t *obj,
@@ -321,19 +326,16 @@ static void parse_optional(Visitor *v, const char *name, bool *present)
     *present = true;
 }
 
-Visitor *string_input_get_visitor(StringInputVisitor *v)
+static void string_input_free(Visitor *v)
 {
-    return &v->visitor;
-}
+    StringInputVisitor *siv = to_siv(v);
 
-void string_input_visitor_cleanup(StringInputVisitor *v)
-{
-    g_list_foreach(v->ranges, free_range, NULL);
-    g_list_free(v->ranges);
-    g_free(v);
+    g_list_foreach(siv->ranges, free_range, NULL);
+    g_list_free(siv->ranges);
+    g_free(siv);
 }
 
-StringInputVisitor *string_input_visitor_new(const char *str)
+Visitor *string_input_visitor_new(const char *str)
 {
     StringInputVisitor *v;
 
@@ -350,7 +352,8 @@ StringInputVisitor *string_input_visitor_new(const char *str)
     v->visitor.next_list = next_list;
     v->visitor.end_list = end_list;
     v->visitor.optional = parse_optional;
+    v->visitor.free = string_input_free;
 
     v->string = str;
-    return v;
+    return &v->visitor;
 }
diff --git a/qapi/string-output-visitor.c b/qapi/string-output-visitor.c
index c6f01f9f9c..94ac8211d1 100644
--- a/qapi/string-output-visitor.c
+++ b/qapi/string-output-visitor.c
@@ -58,12 +58,14 @@ struct StringOutputVisitor
     Visitor visitor;
     bool human;
     GString *string;
+    char **result;
     ListMode list_mode;
     union {
         int64_t s;
         uint64_t u;
     } range_start, range_end;
     GList *ranges;
+    void *list; /* Only needed for sanity checking the caller */
 };
 
 static StringOutputVisitor *to_sov(Visitor *v)
@@ -274,6 +276,7 @@ start_list(Visitor *v, const char *name, GenericList **list, size_t size,
     assert(sov->list_mode == LM_NONE);
     /* We don't support visits without a list */
     assert(list);
+    sov->list = list;
     /* List handling is only needed if there are at least two elements */
     if (*list && (*list)->next) {
         sov->list_mode = LM_STARTED;
@@ -291,10 +294,11 @@ static GenericList *next_list(Visitor *v, GenericList *tail, size_t size)
     return ret;
 }
 
-static void end_list(Visitor *v)
+static void end_list(Visitor *v, void **obj)
 {
     StringOutputVisitor *sov = to_sov(v);
 
+    assert(sov->list == obj);
     assert(sov->list_mode == LM_STARTED ||
            sov->list_mode == LM_END ||
            sov->list_mode == LM_NONE ||
@@ -302,16 +306,13 @@ static void end_list(Visitor *v)
     sov->list_mode = LM_NONE;
 }
 
-char *string_output_get_string(StringOutputVisitor *sov)
+static void string_output_complete(Visitor *v, void *opaque)
 {
-    char *string = g_string_free(sov->string, false);
-    sov->string = NULL;
-    return string;
-}
+    StringOutputVisitor *sov = to_sov(v);
 
-Visitor *string_output_get_visitor(StringOutputVisitor *sov)
-{
-    return &sov->visitor;
+    assert(opaque == sov->result);
+    *sov->result = g_string_free(sov->string, false);
+    sov->string = NULL;
 }
 
 static void free_range(void *range, void *dummy)
@@ -319,8 +320,10 @@ static void free_range(void *range, void *dummy)
     g_free(range);
 }
 
-void string_output_visitor_cleanup(StringOutputVisitor *sov)
+static void string_output_free(Visitor *v)
 {
+    StringOutputVisitor *sov = to_sov(v);
+
     if (sov->string) {
         g_string_free(sov->string, true);
     }
@@ -330,7 +333,7 @@ void string_output_visitor_cleanup(StringOutputVisitor *sov)
     g_free(sov);
 }
 
-StringOutputVisitor *string_output_visitor_new(bool human)
+Visitor *string_output_visitor_new(bool human, char **result)
 {
     StringOutputVisitor *v;
 
@@ -338,6 +341,9 @@ StringOutputVisitor *string_output_visitor_new(bool human)
 
     v->string = g_string_new(NULL);
     v->human = human;
+    v->result = result;
+    *result = NULL;
+
     v->visitor.type = VISITOR_OUTPUT;
     v->visitor.type_int64 = print_type_int64;
     v->visitor.type_uint64 = print_type_uint64;
@@ -348,6 +354,8 @@ StringOutputVisitor *string_output_visitor_new(bool human)
     v->visitor.start_list = start_list;
     v->visitor.next_list = next_list;
     v->visitor.end_list = end_list;
+    v->visitor.complete = string_output_complete;
+    v->visitor.free = string_output_free;
 
-    return v;
+    return &v->visitor;
 }