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APEI tables generating and CPER record
======================================
..
Copyright (c) 2020 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
Design Details
--------------
::
etc/acpi/tables etc/hardware_errors
==================== ===============================
+ +--------------------------+ +----------------------------+
| | HEST | +--------->| error_block_address1 |------+
| +--------------------------+ | +----------------------------+ |
| | GHES1 | | +------->| error_block_address2 |------+-+
| +--------------------------+ | | +----------------------------+ | |
| | ................. | | | | .............. | | |
| | error_status_address-----+-+ | -----------------------------+ | |
| | ................. | | +--->| error_block_addressN |------+-+---+
| | read_ack_register--------+-+ | | +----------------------------+ | | |
| | read_ack_preserve | +-+---+--->| read_ack_register1 | | | |
| | read_ack_write | | | +----------------------------+ | | |
+ +--------------------------+ | +-+--->| read_ack_register2 | | | |
| | GHES2 | | | | +----------------------------+ | | |
+ +--------------------------+ | | | | ............. | | | |
| | ................. | | | | +----------------------------+ | | |
| | error_status_address-----+---+ | | +->| read_ack_registerN | | | |
| | ................. | | | | +----------------------------+ | | |
| | read_ack_register--------+-----+ | | |Generic Error Status Block 1|<-----+ | |
| | read_ack_preserve | | | |-+------------------------+-+ | |
| | read_ack_write | | | | | CPER | | | |
+ +--------------------------| | | | | CPER | | | |
| | ............... | | | | | .... | | | |
+ +--------------------------+ | | | | CPER | | | |
| | GHESN | | | |-+------------------------+-| | |
+ +--------------------------+ | | |Generic Error Status Block 2|<-------+ |
| | ................. | | | |-+------------------------+-+ |
| | error_status_address-----+-------+ | | | CPER | | |
| | ................. | | | | CPER | | |
| | read_ack_register--------+---------+ | | .... | | |
| | read_ack_preserve | | | CPER | | |
| | read_ack_write | +-+------------------------+-+ |
+ +--------------------------+ | .......... | |
|----------------------------+ |
|Generic Error Status Block N |<----------+
|-+-------------------------+-+
| | CPER | |
| | CPER | |
| | .... | |
| | CPER | |
+-+-------------------------+-+
(1) QEMU generates the ACPI HEST table. This table goes in the current
"etc/acpi/tables" fw_cfg blob. Each error source has different
notification types.
(2) A new fw_cfg blob called "etc/hardware_errors" is introduced. QEMU
also needs to populate this blob. The "etc/hardware_errors" fw_cfg blob
contains an address registers table and an Error Status Data Block table.
(3) The address registers table contains N Error Block Address entries
and N Read Ack Register entries. The size for each entry is 8-byte.
The Error Status Data Block table contains N Error Status Data Block
entries. The size for each entry is defined at the source code as
ACPI_GHES_MAX_RAW_DATA_LENGTH (currently 1024 bytes). The total size
for the "etc/hardware_errors" fw_cfg blob is
(N * 8 * 2 + N * ACPI_GHES_MAX_RAW_DATA_LENGTH) bytes.
N is the number of the kinds of hardware error sources.
(4) QEMU generates the ACPI linker/loader script for the firmware. The
firmware pre-allocates memory for "etc/acpi/tables", "etc/hardware_errors"
and copies blob contents there.
(5) QEMU generates N ADD_POINTER commands, which patch addresses in the
"error_status_address" fields of the HEST table with a pointer to the
corresponding "address registers" in the "etc/hardware_errors" blob.
(6) QEMU generates N ADD_POINTER commands, which patch addresses in the
"read_ack_register" fields of the HEST table with a pointer to the
corresponding "read_ack_register" within the "etc/hardware_errors" blob.
(7) QEMU generates N ADD_POINTER commands for the firmware, which patch
addresses in the "error_block_address" fields with a pointer to the
respective "Error Status Data Block" in the "etc/hardware_errors" blob.
(8) QEMU defines a third and write-only fw_cfg blob to store the location
where the error block offsets, read ack registers and CPER records are
stored.
Up to QEMU 9.2, the location was at "etc/hardware_errors_addr", and
contains a GPA for the beginning of "etc/hardware_errors".
Newer versions place the location at "etc/acpi_table_hest_addr",
pointing to the GPA of the HEST table.
Using above mentioned 'fw_cfg' files, the firmware can send back the
guest-side allocation addresses to QEMU. They contain a 8-byte entry.
QEMU generates a single WRITE_POINTER command for the firmware. The
firmware will write back the start address of either "etc/hardware_errors"
or HEST table at the corresponding fw_cfg file.
(9) When QEMU gets a SIGBUS from the kernel, QEMU writes CPER into corresponding
"Error Status Data Block", guest memory, and then injects platform specific
interrupt (in case of arm/virt machine it's Synchronous External Abort) as a
notification which is necessary for notifying the guest.
(10) This notification (in virtual hardware) will be handled by the guest
kernel, on receiving notification, guest APEI driver could read the CPER error
and take appropriate action.
(11) kvm_arch_on_sigbus_vcpu() reports RAS errors via a SEA notifications,
when a SIGBUS event is triggered.
|