about summary refs log tree commit diff stats
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
-rw-r--r--miasm2/ir/ir2C.py32
-rw-r--r--miasm2/ir/translators/C.py96
-rw-r--r--miasm2/ir/translators/miasm.py42
-rw-r--r--miasm2/ir/translators/python.py44
-rw-r--r--miasm2/ir/translators/translator.py66
-rw-r--r--miasm2/ir/translators/z3_ir.py83
-rw-r--r--test/ir/ir2C.py15
-rw-r--r--test/ir/translators/z3_ir.py4
8 files changed, 170 insertions, 212 deletions
diff --git a/miasm2/ir/ir2C.py b/miasm2/ir/ir2C.py
index 1e4e653e..4c9dff8c 100644
--- a/miasm2/ir/ir2C.py
+++ b/miasm2/ir/ir2C.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import miasm2.expression.expression as m2_expr
 from miasm2.expression.simplifications import expr_simp
 from miasm2.core import asmbloc
-from miasm2.ir.translators.C import TranslatorC
+from miasm2.ir.translators import Translator
 import logging
 
 
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ console_handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter("%(levelname)-5s: %(message)s"))
 log_to_c_h.addHandler(console_handler)
 log_to_c_h.setLevel(logging.WARN)
 
+# Miasm to C translator
+translator = Translator.to_language("C")
 
 prefetch_id = []
 prefetch_id_size = {}
@@ -164,13 +166,13 @@ def gen_resolve_id_lbl(ir_arch, e):
         return 'Resolve_dst(BlockDst, 0x%X, 0)'%(e.name.offset)
 
 def gen_resolve_id(ir_arch, e):
-    return 'Resolve_dst(BlockDst, %s, 0)'%(TranslatorC.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, e)))
+    return 'Resolve_dst(BlockDst, %s, 0)'%(translator.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, e)))
 
 def gen_resolve_mem(ir_arch, e):
-    return 'Resolve_dst(BlockDst, %s, 0)'%(TranslatorC.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, e)))
+    return 'Resolve_dst(BlockDst, %s, 0)'%(translator.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, e)))
 
 def gen_resolve_other(ir_arch, e):
-    return 'Resolve_dst(BlockDst, %s, 0)'%(TranslatorC.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, e)))
+    return 'Resolve_dst(BlockDst, %s, 0)'%(translator.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, e)))
 
 def gen_resolve_dst_simple(ir_arch, e):
     if isinstance(e, m2_expr.ExprInt):
@@ -189,7 +191,7 @@ def gen_resolve_dst_simple(ir_arch, e):
 def gen_irdst(ir_arch, e):
     out = []
     if isinstance(e, m2_expr.ExprCond):
-        dst_cond_c = TranslatorC.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, e.cond))
+        dst_cond_c = translator.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, e.cond))
         out.append("if (%s)"%dst_cond_c)
         out.append('    %s;'%(gen_resolve_dst_simple(ir_arch, e.src1)))
         out.append("else")
@@ -257,8 +259,8 @@ def Expr2C(ir_arch, l, exprs, gen_exception_code=False):
     mem_k = src_mem.keys()
     mem_k.sort()
     for k in mem_k:
-        str_src = TranslatorC.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, k))
-        str_dst = TranslatorC.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, src_mem[k]))
+        str_src = translator.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, k))
+        str_dst = translator.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, src_mem[k]))
         out.append('%s = %s;' % (str_dst, str_src))
     src_w_len = {}
     for k, v in src_mem.items():
@@ -273,8 +275,8 @@ def Expr2C(ir_arch, l, exprs, gen_exception_code=False):
             continue
 
 
-        str_src = TranslatorC.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, src))
-        str_dst = TranslatorC.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, dst))
+        str_src = translator.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, src))
+        str_dst = translator.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, dst))
 
 
 
@@ -304,12 +306,12 @@ def Expr2C(ir_arch, l, exprs, gen_exception_code=False):
     if gen_exception_code:
         if fetch_mem:
             e = set_pc(ir_arch, l.offset & mask_int)
-            s1 = "%s" % TranslatorC.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, e))
+            s1 = "%s" % translator.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, e))
             s1 += ';\n    Resolve_dst(BlockDst, 0x%X, 0)'%(l.offset & mask_int)
             out.append(code_exception_fetch_mem_at_instr_noautomod % s1)
         if set_exception_flags:
             e = set_pc(ir_arch, l.offset & mask_int)
-            s1 = "%s" % TranslatorC.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, e))
+            s1 = "%s" % translator.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, e))
             s1 += ';\n    Resolve_dst(BlockDst, 0x%X, 0)'%(l.offset & mask_int)
             out.append(code_exception_at_instr_noautomod % s1)
 
@@ -328,10 +330,10 @@ def Expr2C(ir_arch, l, exprs, gen_exception_code=False):
                     "/*pc = 0x%X; */return; }" % (l.offset))
             else:
                 e = set_pc(ir_arch, l.offset & mask_int)
-                s1 = "%s" % TranslatorC.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, e))
+                s1 = "%s" % translator.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, e))
                 s1 += ';\n    Resolve_dst(BlockDst, 0x%X, 0)'%(l.offset & mask_int)
                 e = set_pc(ir_arch, (l.offset + l.l) & mask_int)
-                s2 = "%s" % TranslatorC.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, e))
+                s2 = "%s" % translator.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, e))
                 s2 += ';\n    Resolve_dst(BlockDst, 0x%X, 0)'%((l.offset + l.l) & mask_int)
                 post_instr.append(
                     code_exception_post_instr_noautomod % (s1, s2))
@@ -343,7 +345,7 @@ def Expr2C(ir_arch, l, exprs, gen_exception_code=False):
                 offset = l.offset + l.l
 
             e = set_pc(ir_arch, offset & mask_int)
-            s1 = "%s" % TranslatorC.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, e))
+            s1 = "%s" % translator.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, e))
             s1 += ';\n    Resolve_dst(BlockDst, 0x%X, 0)'%(offset & mask_int)
             post_instr.append(
                 code_exception_fetch_mem_post_instr_noautomod % (s1))
@@ -383,7 +385,7 @@ def ir2C(ir_arch, irbloc, lbl_done,
     for l, exprs in zip(irbloc.lines, irbloc.irs):
         if l.offset not in lbl_done:
             e = set_pc(ir_arch, l.offset & mask_int)
-            s1 = "%s" % TranslatorC.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, e))
+            s1 = "%s" % translator.from_expr(patch_c_id(ir_arch.arch, e))
             s1 += ';\n    Resolve_dst(BlockDst, 0x%X, 0)'%(l.offset & mask_int)
             out.append([pre_instr_test_exception % (s1)])
             lbl_done.add(l.offset)
diff --git a/miasm2/ir/translators/C.py b/miasm2/ir/translators/C.py
index feb7539b..8ec4af7a 100644
--- a/miasm2/ir/translators/C.py
+++ b/miasm2/ir/translators/C.py
@@ -29,113 +29,107 @@ class TranslatorC(Translator):
                }
 
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprId(cls, expr):
+    def from_ExprId(self, expr):
         if isinstance(expr.name, asmbloc.asm_label):
             return "0x%x" % expr.name.offset
         return str(expr)
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprInt(cls, expr):
+    def from_ExprInt(self, expr):
         return "0x%x" % expr.arg.arg
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprAff(cls, expr):
-        return "%s = %s" % tuple(map(cls.from_expr, (expr.dst, expr.src)))
+    def from_ExprAff(self, expr):
+        return "%s = %s" % tuple(map(self.from_expr, (expr.dst, expr.src)))
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprCond(cls, expr):
-        return "(%s?%s:%s)" % tuple(map(cls.from_expr,
+    def from_ExprCond(self, expr):
+        return "(%s?%s:%s)" % tuple(map(self.from_expr,
                                         (expr.cond, expr.src1, expr.src2)))
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprMem(cls, expr):
+    def from_ExprMem(self, expr):
         return "MEM_LOOKUP_%.2d(vm_mngr, %s)" % (expr.size,
-                                                 cls.from_expr(expr.arg))
+                                                 self.from_expr(expr.arg))
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprOp(cls, expr):
+    def from_ExprOp(self, expr):
         if len(expr.args) == 1:
             if expr.op == 'parity':
-                return "parity(%s&0x%x)" % (cls.from_expr(expr.args[0]),
+                return "parity(%s&0x%x)" % (self.from_expr(expr.args[0]),
                                             size2mask(expr.args[0].size))
             elif expr.op in ['bsr', 'bsf']:
                 return "x86_%s(%s, 0x%x)" % (expr.op,
-                                             cls.from_expr(expr.args[0]),
+                                             self.from_expr(expr.args[0]),
                                              expr.args[0].size)
             elif expr.op == '!':
-                return "(~ %s)&0x%x" % (cls.from_expr(expr.args[0]),
+                return "(~ %s)&0x%x" % (self.from_expr(expr.args[0]),
                                         size2mask(expr.args[0].size))
             elif expr.op in ["hex2bcd", "bcd2hex"]:
                 return "%s_%d(%s)" % (expr.op, expr.args[0].size,
-                                      cls.from_expr(expr.args[0]))
+                                      self.from_expr(expr.args[0]))
             elif (expr.op.startswith("double_to_") or
                   expr.op.endswith("_to_double")   or
                   expr.op.startswith("access_")    or
                   expr.op.startswith("load_")      or
                   expr.op in ["-", "ftan", "frndint", "f2xm1",
                               "fsin", "fsqrt", "fabs", "fcos"]):
-                return "%s(%s)" % (expr.op, cls.from_expr(expr.args[0]))
+                return "%s(%s)" % (expr.op, self.from_expr(expr.args[0]))
             else:
                 raise NotImplementedError('Unknown op: %r' % expr.op)
 
         elif len(expr.args) == 2:
             if expr.op == "==":
                 return '(((%s&0x%x) == (%s&0x%x))?1:0)' % (
-                    cls.from_expr(expr.args[0]), size2mask(expr.args[0].size),
-                    cls.from_expr(expr.args[1]), size2mask(expr.args[1].size))
-            elif expr.op in cls.dct_shift:
-                return 'shift_%s_%.2d(%s , %s)' % (cls.dct_shift[expr.op],
+                    self.from_expr(expr.args[0]), size2mask(expr.args[0].size),
+                    self.from_expr(expr.args[1]), size2mask(expr.args[1].size))
+            elif expr.op in self.dct_shift:
+                return 'shift_%s_%.2d(%s , %s)' % (self.dct_shift[expr.op],
                                                    expr.args[0].size,
-                                                   cls.from_expr(expr.args[0]),
-                                                   cls.from_expr(expr.args[1]))
+                                                   self.from_expr(expr.args[0]),
+                                                   self.from_expr(expr.args[1]))
             elif expr.is_associative() or expr.op in ["%", "/"]:
-                oper = ['(%s&0x%x)' % (cls.from_expr(arg), size2mask(arg.size))
+                oper = ['(%s&0x%x)' % (self.from_expr(arg), size2mask(arg.size))
                         for arg in expr.args]
                 oper = str(expr.op).join(oper)
                 return "((%s)&0x%x)" % (oper, size2mask(expr.args[0].size))
             elif expr.op in ['-']:
                 return '(((%s&0x%x) %s (%s&0x%x))&0x%x)' % (
-                    cls.from_expr(expr.args[0]), size2mask(expr.args[0].size),
+                    self.from_expr(expr.args[0]), size2mask(expr.args[0].size),
                     str(expr.op),
-                    cls.from_expr(expr.args[1]), size2mask(expr.args[1].size),
+                    self.from_expr(expr.args[1]), size2mask(expr.args[1].size),
                     size2mask(expr.args[0].size))
-            elif expr.op in cls.dct_rot:
-                return '(%s(%s, %s, %s) &0x%x)' % (cls.dct_rot[expr.op],
+            elif expr.op in self.dct_rot:
+                return '(%s(%s, %s, %s) &0x%x)' % (self.dct_rot[expr.op],
                                                    expr.args[0].size,
-                                                   cls.from_expr(expr.args[0]),
-                                                   cls.from_expr(expr.args[1]),
+                                                   self.from_expr(expr.args[0]),
+                                                   self.from_expr(expr.args[1]),
                                                    size2mask(expr.args[0].size))
             elif (expr.op.startswith('cpuid') or
                   expr.op.startswith("fcom")  or
                   expr.op in ["fadd", "fsub", "fdiv", 'fmul', "fscale"]):
-                return "%s(%s, %s)" % (expr.op, cls.from_expr(expr.args[0]),
-                                       cls.from_expr(expr.args[1]))
+                return "%s(%s, %s)" % (expr.op, self.from_expr(expr.args[0]),
+                                       self.from_expr(expr.args[1]))
             elif expr.op == "segm":
                 return "segm2addr(vmcpu, %s, %s)" % (
-                    cls.from_expr(expr.args[0]), cls.from_expr(expr.args[1]))
+                    self.from_expr(expr.args[0]), self.from_expr(expr.args[1]))
             elif expr.op in ['udiv', 'umod', 'idiv', 'imod']:
                 return '%s%d(vmcpu, %s, %s)' % (expr.op,
                                                 expr.args[0].size,
-                                                cls.from_expr(expr.args[0]),
-                                                cls.from_expr(expr.args[1]))
+                                                self.from_expr(expr.args[0]),
+                                                self.from_expr(expr.args[1]))
             elif expr.op in ["bcdadd", "bcdadd_cf"]:
                 return "%s_%d(%s, %s)" % (expr.op, expr.args[0].size,
-                                          cls.from_expr(expr.args[0]),
-                                          cls.from_expr(expr.args[1]))
+                                          self.from_expr(expr.args[0]),
+                                          self.from_expr(expr.args[1]))
             else:
                 raise NotImplementedError('Unknown op: %r' % expr.op)
 
-        elif len(expr.args) == 3 and expr.op in cls.dct_div:
-            return '(%s(%s, %s, %s, %s) &0x%x)' % (cls.dct_div[expr.op],
+        elif len(expr.args) == 3 and expr.op in self.dct_div:
+            return '(%s(%s, %s, %s, %s) &0x%x)' % (self.dct_div[expr.op],
                                                    expr.args[0].size,
-                                                   cls.from_expr(expr.args[0]),
-                                                   cls.from_expr(expr.args[1]),
-                                                   cls.from_expr(expr.args[2]),
+                                                   self.from_expr(expr.args[0]),
+                                                   self.from_expr(expr.args[1]),
+                                                   self.from_expr(expr.args[2]),
                                                    size2mask(expr.args[0].size))
 
         elif len(expr.args) >= 3 and expr.is_associative():  # ?????
-            oper = ['(%s&0x%x)' % (cls.from_expr(arg), size2mask(arg.size))
+            oper = ['(%s&0x%x)' % (self.from_expr(arg), size2mask(arg.size))
                     for arg in expr.args]
             oper = str(expr.op).join(oper)
             return "((%s)&0x%x)" % (oper, size2mask(expr.args[0].size))
@@ -143,21 +137,19 @@ class TranslatorC(Translator):
         else:
             raise NotImplementedError('Unknown op: %s' % expr.op)
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprSlice(cls, expr):
+    def from_ExprSlice(self, expr):
         # XXX check mask for 64 bit & 32 bit compat
-        return "((%s>>%d) & 0x%X)" % (cls.from_expr(expr.arg),
+        return "((%s>>%d) & 0x%X)" % (self.from_expr(expr.arg),
                                       expr.start,
                                       (1 << (expr.stop - expr.start)) - 1)
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprCompose(cls, expr):
+    def from_ExprCompose(self, expr):
         out = []
         # XXX check mask for 64 bit & 32 bit compat
         dst_cast = "uint%d_t" % expr.size
         for x in expr.args:
             out.append("(((%s)(%s & 0x%X)) << %d)" % (dst_cast,
-                                                      cls.from_expr(x[0]),
+                                                      self.from_expr(x[0]),
                                                       (1 << (x[2] - x[1])) - 1,
                                                       x[1]))
         out = ' | '.join(out)
diff --git a/miasm2/ir/translators/miasm.py b/miasm2/ir/translators/miasm.py
index 8f61fa96..004a1ba9 100644
--- a/miasm2/ir/translators/miasm.py
+++ b/miasm2/ir/translators/miasm.py
@@ -6,45 +6,37 @@ class TranslatorMiasm(Translator):
 
     __LANG__ = "Miasm"
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprId(cls, expr):
+    def from_ExprId(self, expr):
         return "ExprId(%s, size=%d)" % (repr(expr.name), expr.size)
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprInt(cls, expr):
+    def from_ExprInt(self, expr):
         return "ExprInt_fromsize(%d, 0x%x)" % (expr.size, int(expr.arg))
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprCond(cls, expr):
-        return "ExprCond(%s, %s, %s)" % (cls.from_expr(expr.cond),
-                                         cls.from_expr(expr.src1),
-                                         cls.from_expr(expr.src2))
+    def from_ExprCond(self, expr):
+        return "ExprCond(%s, %s, %s)" % (self.from_expr(expr.cond),
+                                         self.from_expr(expr.src1),
+                                         self.from_expr(expr.src2))
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprSlice(cls, expr):
-        return "ExprSlice(%s, %d, %d)" % (cls.from_expr(expr.arg),
+    def from_ExprSlice(self, expr):
+        return "ExprSlice(%s, %d, %d)" % (self.from_expr(expr.arg),
                                           expr.start,
                                           expr.stop)
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprOp(cls, expr):
+    def from_ExprOp(self, expr):
         return "ExprOp(%s, %s)" % (repr(expr.op),
-                                   ", ".join(map(cls.from_expr, expr.args)))
+                                   ", ".join(map(self.from_expr, expr.args)))
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprCompose(cls, expr):
-        args = ["(%s, %d, %d)" % (cls.from_expr(arg), start, stop)
+    def from_ExprCompose(self, expr):
+        args = ["(%s, %d, %d)" % (self.from_expr(arg), start, stop)
                 for arg, start, stop in expr.args]
         return "ExprCompose([%s])" % ", ".join(args)
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprAff(cls, expr):
-        return "ExprAff(%s, %s)" % (cls.from_expr(expr.dst),
-                                    cls.from_expr(expr.src))
+    def from_ExprAff(self, expr):
+        return "ExprAff(%s, %s)" % (self.from_expr(expr.dst),
+                                    self.from_expr(expr.src))
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprMem(cls, expr):
-        return "ExprMem(%s, size=%d)" % (cls.from_expr(expr.arg), expr.size)
+    def from_ExprMem(self, expr):
+        return "ExprMem(%s, size=%d)" % (self.from_expr(expr.arg), expr.size)
 
 
 # Register the class
diff --git a/miasm2/ir/translators/python.py b/miasm2/ir/translators/python.py
index c3386980..f745d2df 100644
--- a/miasm2/ir/translators/python.py
+++ b/miasm2/ir/translators/python.py
@@ -13,45 +13,38 @@ class TranslatorPython(Translator):
     # Operations translation
     op_no_translate = ["+", "-", "/", "%", ">>", "<<", "&", "^", "|", "*"]
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprInt(cls, expr):
+    def from_ExprInt(self, expr):
         return str(expr)
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprId(cls, expr):
+    def from_ExprId(self, expr):
         return str(expr)
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprMem(cls, expr):
-        return "memory(%s, 0x%x)" % (cls.from_expr(expr.arg),
+    def from_ExprMem(self, expr):
+        return "memory(%s, 0x%x)" % (self.from_expr(expr.arg),
                                      expr.size / 8)
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprSlice(cls, expr):
-        out = cls.from_expr(expr.arg)
+    def from_ExprSlice(self, expr):
+        out = self.from_expr(expr.arg)
         if expr.start != 0:
             out = "(%s >> %d)" % (out, expr.start)
         return "(%s & 0x%x)" % (out, (1 << (expr.stop - expr.start)) - 1)
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprCompose(cls, expr):
+    def from_ExprCompose(self, expr):
         out = []
         for subexpr, start, stop in expr.args:
-            out.append("((%s & 0x%x) << %d)" % (cls.from_expr(subexpr),
+            out.append("((%s & 0x%x) << %d)" % (self.from_expr(subexpr),
                                                  (1 << (stop - start)) - 1,
                                                  start))
         return "(%s)" % ' | '.join(out)
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprCond(cls, expr):
-        return "(%s if (%s) else %s)" % (cls.from_expr(expr.src1),
-                                         cls.from_expr(expr.cond),
-                                         cls.from_expr(expr.src2))
+    def from_ExprCond(self, expr):
+        return "(%s if (%s) else %s)" % (self.from_expr(expr.src1),
+                                         self.from_expr(expr.cond),
+                                         self.from_expr(expr.src2))
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprOp(cls, expr):
-        if expr.op in cls.op_no_translate:
-            args = map(cls.from_expr, expr.args)
+    def from_ExprOp(self, expr):
+        if expr.op in self.op_no_translate:
+            args = map(self.from_expr, expr.args)
             if len(expr.args) == 1:
                 return "((%s %s) & 0x%x)" % (expr.op,
                                              args[0],
@@ -60,13 +53,12 @@ class TranslatorPython(Translator):
                 return "((%s) & 0x%x)" % ((" %s " % expr.op).join(args),
                                         (1 << expr.size) - 1)
         elif expr.op == "parity":
-            return "(%s & 0x1)" % cls.from_expr(expr.args[0])
+            return "(%s & 0x1)" % self.from_expr(expr.args[0])
 
         raise NotImplementedError("Unknown operator: %s" % expr.op)
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprAff(cls, expr):
-        return "%s = %s" % tuple(map(cls.from_expr, (expr.dst, expr.src)))
+    def from_ExprAff(self, expr):
+        return "%s = %s" % tuple(map(self.from_expr, (expr.dst, expr.src)))
 
 
 # Register the class
diff --git a/miasm2/ir/translators/translator.py b/miasm2/ir/translators/translator.py
index 2a971130..e3641843 100644
--- a/miasm2/ir/translators/translator.py
+++ b/miasm2/ir/translators/translator.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import miasm2.expression.expression as m2_expr
+from miasm2.core.utils import BoundedDict
 
 
 class Translator(object):
@@ -17,15 +18,15 @@ class Translator(object):
         cls.available_translators.append(translator)
 
     @classmethod
-    def to_language(cls, target_lang):
-        """Return the corresponding translator
+    def to_language(cls, target_lang, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Return the corresponding translator instance
         @target_lang: str (case insensitive) wanted language
         Raise a NotImplementedError in case of unmatched language
         """
         target_lang = target_lang.lower()
         for translator in cls.available_translators:
             if translator.__LANG__.lower() == target_lang:
-                return translator
+                return translator(*args, **kwargs)
 
         raise NotImplementedError("Unknown target language: %s" % target_lang)
 
@@ -34,78 +35,83 @@ class Translator(object):
         "Return the list of registered languages"
         return [translator.__LANG__ for translator in cls.available_translators]
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprInt(cls, expr):
+    def __init__(self, cache_size=1000):
+        """Instance a translator
+        @cache_size: (optional) Expr cache size
+        """
+        self._cache = BoundedDict(cache_size)
+
+    def from_ExprInt(self, expr):
         """Translate an ExprInt
         @expr: ExprInt to translate
         """
         raise NotImplementedError("Abstract method")
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprId(cls, expr):
+    def from_ExprId(self, expr):
         """Translate an ExprId
         @expr: ExprId to translate
         """
         raise NotImplementedError("Abstract method")
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprCompose(cls, expr):
+    def from_ExprCompose(self, expr):
         """Translate an ExprCompose
         @expr: ExprCompose to translate
         """
         raise NotImplementedError("Abstract method")
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprSlice(cls, expr):
+    def from_ExprSlice(self, expr):
         """Translate an ExprSlice
         @expr: ExprSlice to translate
         """
         raise NotImplementedError("Abstract method")
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprOp(cls, expr):
+    def from_ExprOp(self, expr):
         """Translate an ExprOp
         @expr: ExprOp to translate
         """
         raise NotImplementedError("Abstract method")
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprMem(cls, expr):
+    def from_ExprMem(self, expr):
         """Translate an ExprMem
         @expr: ExprMem to translate
         """
         raise NotImplementedError("Abstract method")
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprAff(cls, expr):
+    def from_ExprAff(self, expr):
         """Translate an ExprAff
         @expr: ExprAff to translate
         """
         raise NotImplementedError("Abstract method")
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprCond(cls, expr):
+    def from_ExprCond(self, expr):
         """Translate an ExprCond
         @expr: ExprCond to translate
         """
         raise NotImplementedError("Abstract method")
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_expr(cls, expr):
+    def from_expr(self, expr):
         """Translate an expression according to its type
         @expr: expression to translate
         """
-        handlers = {m2_expr.ExprInt: cls.from_ExprInt,
-                    m2_expr.ExprId: cls.from_ExprId,
-                    m2_expr.ExprCompose: cls.from_ExprCompose,
-                    m2_expr.ExprSlice: cls.from_ExprSlice,
-                    m2_expr.ExprOp: cls.from_ExprOp,
-                    m2_expr.ExprMem: cls.from_ExprMem,
-                    m2_expr.ExprAff: cls.from_ExprAff,
-                    m2_expr.ExprCond: cls.from_ExprCond
+        # Use cache
+        if expr in self._cache:
+            return self._cache[expr]
+
+        # Handle Expr type
+        handlers = {m2_expr.ExprInt: self.from_ExprInt,
+                    m2_expr.ExprId: self.from_ExprId,
+                    m2_expr.ExprCompose: self.from_ExprCompose,
+                    m2_expr.ExprSlice: self.from_ExprSlice,
+                    m2_expr.ExprOp: self.from_ExprOp,
+                    m2_expr.ExprMem: self.from_ExprMem,
+                    m2_expr.ExprAff: self.from_ExprAff,
+                    m2_expr.ExprCond: self.from_ExprCond
                     }
         for target, handler in handlers.iteritems():
             if isinstance(expr, target):
-                return handler(expr)
+                ## Compute value and update the internal cache
+                ret = handler(expr)
+                self._cache[expr] = ret
+                return ret
         raise ValueError("Unhandled type for %s" % expr)
 
diff --git a/miasm2/ir/translators/z3_ir.py b/miasm2/ir/translators/z3_ir.py
index 6f0b1aef..5940d9dd 100644
--- a/miasm2/ir/translators/z3_ir.py
+++ b/miasm2/ir/translators/z3_ir.py
@@ -109,37 +109,37 @@ class TranslatorZ3(Translator):
     __LANG__ = "z3"
     # Operations translation
     trivial_ops = ["+", "-", "/", "%", "&", "^", "|", "*", "<<"]
-    _cache = None
-    _mem = None
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprInt(cls, expr):
+    def __init__(self, endianness="<", **kwargs):
+        """Instance a Z3 translator
+        @endianness: (optional) memory endianness
+        """
+        super(TranslatorZ3, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        self._mem = Z3Mem(endianness)
+
+    def from_ExprInt(self, expr):
         return z3.BitVecVal(expr.arg.arg, expr.size)
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprId(cls, expr):
+    def from_ExprId(self, expr):
         if isinstance(expr.name, asm_label) and expr.name.offset is not None:
             return z3.BitVecVal(expr.name.offset, expr.size)
         else:
             return z3.BitVec(str(expr), expr.size)
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprMem(cls, expr):
-        addr = cls.from_expr(expr.arg)
-        return cls._mem.get(addr, expr.size)
+    def from_ExprMem(self, expr):
+        addr = self.from_expr(expr.arg)
+        return self._mem.get(addr, expr.size)
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprSlice(cls, expr):
-        res = cls.from_expr(expr.arg)
+    def from_ExprSlice(self, expr):
+        res = self.from_expr(expr.arg)
         res = z3.Extract(expr.stop-1, expr.start, res)
         return res
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprCompose(cls, expr):
+    def from_ExprCompose(self, expr):
         res = None
         args = sorted(expr.args, key=operator.itemgetter(2)) # sort by start off
         for subexpr, start, stop in args:
-            sube = cls.from_expr(subexpr)
+            sube = self.from_expr(subexpr)
             e = z3.Extract(stop-start-1, 0, sube)
             if res:
                 res = z3.Concat(e, res)
@@ -147,20 +147,19 @@ class TranslatorZ3(Translator):
                 res = e
         return res
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprCond(cls, expr):
-        cond = cls.from_expr(expr.cond)
-        src1 = cls.from_expr(expr.src1)
-        src2 = cls.from_expr(expr.src2)
+    def from_ExprCond(self, expr):
+        cond = self.from_expr(expr.cond)
+        src1 = self.from_expr(expr.src1)
+        src2 = self.from_expr(expr.src2)
         return z3.If(cond != 0, src1, src2)
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprOp(cls, expr):
-        args = map(cls.from_expr, expr.args)
+    def from_ExprOp(self, expr):
+        args = map(self.from_expr, expr.args)
         res = args[0]
+
         if len(args) > 1:
             for arg in args[1:]:
-                if expr.op in cls.trivial_ops:
+                if expr.op in self.trivial_ops:
                     res = eval("res %s arg" % expr.op)
                 elif expr.op == ">>":
                     res = z3.LShR(res, arg)
@@ -179,40 +178,14 @@ class TranslatorZ3(Translator):
             res = -res
         else:
             raise NotImplementedError("Unsupported OP yet: %s" % expr.op)
+
         return res
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_ExprAff(cls, expr):
-        src = cls.from_expr(expr.src)
-        dst = cls.from_expr(expr.dst)
+    def from_ExprAff(self, expr):
+        src = self.from_expr(expr.src)
+        dst = self.from_expr(expr.dst)
         return (src == dst)
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_expr(cls, expr, endianness="<"):
-        # This mess is just to handle cache and Z3Mem instance management
-        # Might be improved in the future
-        del_cache = False
-        del_mem = False
-        if cls._cache is None:
-            cls._cache = {}
-            del_cache = True
-        if cls._mem is None:
-            cls._mem = Z3Mem(endianness)
-            del_mem = True
-
-        try:
-            if expr in cls._cache:
-                return cls._cache[expr]
-            else:
-                ret = super(TranslatorZ3, cls).from_expr(expr)
-                cls._cache[expr] = ret
-                return ret
-        finally:
-            # Clean cache and Z3Mem if this call is the root call
-            if del_cache:
-                cls._cache = None
-            if del_mem:
-                cls._mem = None
 
 # Register the class
 Translator.register(TranslatorZ3)
diff --git a/test/ir/ir2C.py b/test/ir/ir2C.py
index 11b9b10e..48518c50 100644
--- a/test/ir/ir2C.py
+++ b/test/ir/ir2C.py
@@ -7,16 +7,17 @@ import unittest
 class TestIrIr2C(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def translationTest(self, expr, expected):
-        from miasm2.ir.translators.C import TranslatorC
+        from miasm2.ir.translators import Translator
 
-        self.assertEqual(TranslatorC.from_expr(expr), expected)
+        translator = Translator.to_language("C")
+        self.assertEqual(translator.from_expr(expr), expected)
 
     def test_ExprOp_toC(self):
         from miasm2.expression.expression import ExprInt32, ExprOp
-        from miasm2.ir.translators.C import TranslatorC
+        from miasm2.ir.translators.C import Translator
 
         args = [ExprInt32(i) for i in xrange(9)]
-
+        translator = Translator.to_language("C")
 
         # Unary operators
         self.translationTest(
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ class TestIrIr2C(unittest.TestCase):
         self.translationTest(
             ExprOp('hex2bcd', *args[:1]), r'hex2bcd_32(0x0)')
         self.translationTest(ExprOp('fabs',    *args[:1]), r'fabs(0x0)')
-        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, TranslatorC.from_expr,
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, translator.from_expr,
                           ExprOp('X', *args[:1]))
 
         # Binary operators
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ class TestIrIr2C(unittest.TestCase):
             ExprOp('imod',    *args[:2]), r'imod32(vmcpu, 0x0, 0x1)')
         self.translationTest(
             ExprOp('bcdadd',  *args[:2]), r'bcdadd_32(0x0, 0x1)')
-        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, TranslatorC.from_expr,
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, translator.from_expr,
                           ExprOp('X', *args[:2]))
 
         # Ternary operators
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ class TestIrIr2C(unittest.TestCase):
         # Other cases
         self.translationTest(
             ExprOp('+',       *args[:3]), r'(((0x0&0xffffffff)+(0x1&0xffffffff)+(0x2&0xffffffff))&0xffffffff)')
-        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, TranslatorC.from_expr,
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, translator.from_expr,
                           ExprOp('X', *args[:3]))
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/test/ir/translators/z3_ir.py b/test/ir/translators/z3_ir.py
index 6e483d61..a4fa7410 100644
--- a/test/ir/translators/z3_ir.py
+++ b/test/ir/translators/z3_ir.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import z3
 from miasm2.core.asmbloc import asm_label
 from miasm2.expression.expression import *
 from miasm2.ir.translators.translator import Translator
-from miasm2.ir.translators.z3_ir import TranslatorZ3, Z3Mem
+from miasm2.ir.translators.z3_ir import Z3Mem
 
 # Some examples of use/unit tests.
 
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ check_interp(model[mem.get_mem_array(32)],
              [(0xdeadbeef, 2), (0xdeadbeef + 3, 0)])
 
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-ez3 = TranslatorZ3.from_expr(e4, endianness=">")
+ez3 = Translator.to_language("z3", endianness=">").from_expr(e4)
 
 memb = Z3Mem(endianness=">")
 z3_emem = memb.get(z3.BitVecVal(0xdeadbeef, 32), 32)