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-rw-r--r--classification_output/02/instruction/241903402057
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 2057 deletions
diff --git a/classification_output/02/instruction/24190340 b/classification_output/02/instruction/24190340
deleted file mode 100644
index 61441c89e..000000000
--- a/classification_output/02/instruction/24190340
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2057 +0,0 @@
-instruction: 0.818
-other: 0.811
-boot: 0.803
-semantic: 0.793
-mistranslation: 0.758
-
-[BUG, RFC] Block graph deadlock on job-dismiss
-
-Hi all,
-
-There's a bug in block layer which leads to block graph deadlock.
-Notably, it takes place when blockdev IO is processed within a separate
-iothread.
-
-This was initially caught by our tests, and I was able to reduce it to a
-relatively simple reproducer.  Such deadlocks are probably supposed to
-be covered in iotests/graph-changes-while-io, but this deadlock isn't.
-
-Basically what the reproducer does is launches QEMU with a drive having
-'iothread' option set, creates a chain of 2 snapshots, launches
-block-commit job for a snapshot and then dismisses the job, starting
-from the lower snapshot.  If the guest is issuing IO at the same time,
-there's a race in acquiring block graph lock and a potential deadlock.
-
-Here's how it can be reproduced:
-
-1. Run QEMU:
->
-SRCDIR=/path/to/srcdir
->
->
->
->
->
-$SRCDIR/build/qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm \
->
->
--machine q35 -cpu Nehalem \
->
->
--name guest=alma8-vm,debug-threads=on \
->
->
--m 2g -smp 2 \
->
->
--nographic -nodefaults \
->
->
--qmp unix:/var/run/alma8-qmp.sock,server=on,wait=off \
->
->
--serial unix:/var/run/alma8-serial.sock,server=on,wait=off \
->
->
--object iothread,id=iothread0 \
->
->
--blockdev
->
-node-name=disk,driver=qcow2,file.driver=file,file.filename=/path/to/img/alma8.qcow2
->
-\
->
--device virtio-blk-pci,drive=disk,iothread=iothread0
-2. Launch IO (random reads) from within the guest:
->
-nc -U /var/run/alma8-serial.sock
->
-...
->
-[root@alma8-vm ~]# fio --name=randread --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --bs=4k
->
---size=1G --numjobs=1 --time_based=1 --runtime=300 --group_reporting
->
---rw=randread --iodepth=1 --filename=/testfile
-3. Run snapshots creation & removal of lower snapshot operation in a
-loop (script attached):
->
-while /bin/true ; do ./remove_lower_snap.sh ; done
-And then it occasionally hangs.
-
-Note: I've tried bisecting this, and looks like deadlock occurs starting
-from the following commit:
-
-(BAD)  5bdbaebcce virtio: Re-enable notifications after drain
-(GOOD) c42c3833e0 virtio-scsi: Attach event vq notifier with no_poll
-
-On the latest v10.0.0 it does hang as well.
-
-
-Here's backtrace of the main thread:
-
->
-#0  0x00007fc547d427ce in __ppoll (fds=0x557eb79657b0, nfds=1,
->
-timeout=<optimized out>, sigmask=0x0) at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/ppoll.c:43
->
-#1  0x0000557eb47d955c in qemu_poll_ns (fds=0x557eb79657b0, nfds=1,
->
-timeout=-1) at ../util/qemu-timer.c:329
->
-#2  0x0000557eb47b2204 in fdmon_poll_wait (ctx=0x557eb76c5f20,
->
-ready_list=0x7ffd94b4edd8, timeout=-1) at ../util/fdmon-poll.c:79
->
-#3  0x0000557eb47b1c45 in aio_poll (ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, blocking=true) at
->
-../util/aio-posix.c:730
->
-#4  0x0000557eb4621edd in bdrv_do_drained_begin (bs=0x557eb795e950,
->
-parent=0x0, poll=true) at ../block/io.c:378
->
-#5  0x0000557eb4621f7b in bdrv_drained_begin (bs=0x557eb795e950) at
->
-../block/io.c:391
->
-#6  0x0000557eb45ec125 in bdrv_change_aio_context (bs=0x557eb795e950,
->
-ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160,
->
-errp=0x0)
->
-at ../block.c:7682
->
-#7  0x0000557eb45ebf2b in bdrv_child_change_aio_context (c=0x557eb7964250,
->
-ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160,
->
-errp=0x0)
->
-at ../block.c:7608
->
-#8  0x0000557eb45ec0c4 in bdrv_change_aio_context (bs=0x557eb79575e0,
->
-ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160,
->
-errp=0x0)
->
-at ../block.c:7668
->
-#9  0x0000557eb45ebf2b in bdrv_child_change_aio_context (c=0x557eb7e59110,
->
-ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160,
->
-errp=0x0)
->
-at ../block.c:7608
->
-#10 0x0000557eb45ec0c4 in bdrv_change_aio_context (bs=0x557eb7e51960,
->
-ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160,
->
-errp=0x0)
->
-at ../block.c:7668
->
-#11 0x0000557eb45ebf2b in bdrv_child_change_aio_context (c=0x557eb814ed80,
->
-ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160,
->
-errp=0x0)
->
-at ../block.c:7608
->
-#12 0x0000557eb45ee8e4 in child_job_change_aio_ctx (c=0x557eb7c9d3f0,
->
-ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160,
->
-errp=0x0)
->
-at ../blockjob.c:157
->
-#13 0x0000557eb45ebe2d in bdrv_parent_change_aio_context (c=0x557eb7c9d3f0,
->
-ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160,
->
-errp=0x0)
->
-at ../block.c:7592
->
-#14 0x0000557eb45ec06b in bdrv_change_aio_context (bs=0x557eb7d74310,
->
-ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160,
->
-errp=0x0)
->
-at ../block.c:7661
->
-#15 0x0000557eb45dcd7e in bdrv_child_cb_change_aio_ctx
->
-(child=0x557eb8565af0, ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 =
->
-{...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160, errp=0x0) at ../block.c:1234
->
-#16 0x0000557eb45ebe2d in bdrv_parent_change_aio_context (c=0x557eb8565af0,
->
-ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160,
->
-errp=0x0)
->
-at ../block.c:7592
->
-#17 0x0000557eb45ec06b in bdrv_change_aio_context (bs=0x557eb79575e0,
->
-ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160,
->
-errp=0x0)
->
-at ../block.c:7661
->
-#18 0x0000557eb45ec1f3 in bdrv_try_change_aio_context (bs=0x557eb79575e0,
->
-ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, ignore_child=0x0, errp=0x0) at ../block.c:7715
->
-#19 0x0000557eb45e1b15 in bdrv_root_unref_child (child=0x557eb7966f30) at
->
-../block.c:3317
->
-#20 0x0000557eb45eeaa8 in block_job_remove_all_bdrv (job=0x557eb7952800) at
->
-../blockjob.c:209
->
-#21 0x0000557eb45ee641 in block_job_free (job=0x557eb7952800) at
->
-../blockjob.c:82
->
-#22 0x0000557eb45f17af in job_unref_locked (job=0x557eb7952800) at
->
-../job.c:474
->
-#23 0x0000557eb45f257d in job_do_dismiss_locked (job=0x557eb7952800) at
->
-../job.c:771
->
-#24 0x0000557eb45f25fe in job_dismiss_locked (jobptr=0x7ffd94b4f400,
->
-errp=0x7ffd94b4f488) at ../job.c:783
->
---Type <RET> for more, q to quit, c to continue without paging--
->
-#25 0x0000557eb45d8e84 in qmp_job_dismiss (id=0x557eb7aa42b0 "commit-snap1",
->
-errp=0x7ffd94b4f488) at ../job-qmp.c:138
->
-#26 0x0000557eb472f6a3 in qmp_marshal_job_dismiss (args=0x7fc52c00a3b0,
->
-ret=0x7fc53c880da8, errp=0x7fc53c880da0) at qapi/qapi-commands-job.c:221
->
-#27 0x0000557eb47a35f3 in do_qmp_dispatch_bh (opaque=0x7fc53c880e40) at
->
-../qapi/qmp-dispatch.c:128
->
-#28 0x0000557eb47d1cd2 in aio_bh_call (bh=0x557eb79568f0) at
->
-../util/async.c:172
->
-#29 0x0000557eb47d1df5 in aio_bh_poll (ctx=0x557eb76c0200) at
->
-../util/async.c:219
->
-#30 0x0000557eb47b12f3 in aio_dispatch (ctx=0x557eb76c0200) at
->
-../util/aio-posix.c:436
->
-#31 0x0000557eb47d2266 in aio_ctx_dispatch (source=0x557eb76c0200,
->
-callback=0x0, user_data=0x0) at ../util/async.c:361
->
-#32 0x00007fc549232f4f in g_main_dispatch (context=0x557eb76c6430) at
->
-../glib/gmain.c:3364
->
-#33 g_main_context_dispatch (context=0x557eb76c6430) at ../glib/gmain.c:4079
->
-#34 0x0000557eb47d3ab1 in glib_pollfds_poll () at ../util/main-loop.c:287
->
-#35 0x0000557eb47d3b38 in os_host_main_loop_wait (timeout=0) at
->
-../util/main-loop.c:310
->
-#36 0x0000557eb47d3c58 in main_loop_wait (nonblocking=0) at
->
-../util/main-loop.c:589
->
-#37 0x0000557eb4218b01 in qemu_main_loop () at ../system/runstate.c:835
->
-#38 0x0000557eb46df166 in qemu_default_main (opaque=0x0) at
->
-../system/main.c:50
->
-#39 0x0000557eb46df215 in main (argc=24, argv=0x7ffd94b4f8d8) at
->
-../system/main.c:80
-And here's coroutine trying to acquire read lock:
-
->
-(gdb) qemu coroutine reader_queue->entries.sqh_first
->
-#0  0x0000557eb47d7068 in qemu_coroutine_switch (from_=0x557eb7aa48b0,
->
-to_=0x7fc537fff508, action=COROUTINE_YIELD) at
->
-../util/coroutine-ucontext.c:321
->
-#1  0x0000557eb47d4d4a in qemu_coroutine_yield () at
->
-../util/qemu-coroutine.c:339
->
-#2  0x0000557eb47d56c8 in qemu_co_queue_wait_impl (queue=0x557eb59954c0
->
-<reader_queue>, lock=0x7fc53c57de50, flags=0) at
->
-../util/qemu-coroutine-lock.c:60
->
-#3  0x0000557eb461fea7 in bdrv_graph_co_rdlock () at ../block/graph-lock.c:231
->
-#4  0x0000557eb460c81a in graph_lockable_auto_lock (x=0x7fc53c57dee3) at
->
-/home/root/src/qemu/master/include/block/graph-lock.h:213
->
-#5  0x0000557eb460fa41 in blk_co_do_preadv_part
->
-(blk=0x557eb84c0810, offset=6890553344, bytes=4096, qiov=0x7fc530006988,
->
-qiov_offset=0, flags=BDRV_REQ_REGISTERED_BUF) at ../block/block-backend.c:1339
->
-#6  0x0000557eb46104d7 in blk_aio_read_entry (opaque=0x7fc530003240) at
->
-../block/block-backend.c:1619
->
-#7  0x0000557eb47d6c40 in coroutine_trampoline (i0=-1213577040, i1=21886) at
->
-../util/coroutine-ucontext.c:175
->
-#8  0x00007fc547c2a360 in __start_context () at
->
-../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/__start_context.S:91
->
-#9  0x00007ffd94b4ea40 in  ()
->
-#10 0x0000000000000000 in  ()
-So it looks like main thread is processing job-dismiss request and is
-holding write lock taken in block_job_remove_all_bdrv() (frame #20
-above).  At the same time iothread spawns a coroutine which performs IO
-request.  Before the coroutine is spawned, blk_aio_prwv() increases
-'in_flight' counter for Blk.  Then blk_co_do_preadv_part() (frame #5) is
-trying to acquire the read lock.  But main thread isn't releasing the
-lock as blk_root_drained_poll() returns true since blk->in_flight > 0.
-Here's the deadlock.
-
-Any comments and suggestions on the subject are welcomed.  Thanks!
-
-Andrey
-remove_lower_snap.sh
-Description:
-application/shellscript
-
-On 4/24/25 8:32 PM, Andrey Drobyshev wrote:
->
-Hi all,
->
->
-There's a bug in block layer which leads to block graph deadlock.
->
-Notably, it takes place when blockdev IO is processed within a separate
->
-iothread.
->
->
-This was initially caught by our tests, and I was able to reduce it to a
->
-relatively simple reproducer.  Such deadlocks are probably supposed to
->
-be covered in iotests/graph-changes-while-io, but this deadlock isn't.
->
->
-Basically what the reproducer does is launches QEMU with a drive having
->
-'iothread' option set, creates a chain of 2 snapshots, launches
->
-block-commit job for a snapshot and then dismisses the job, starting
->
-from the lower snapshot.  If the guest is issuing IO at the same time,
->
-there's a race in acquiring block graph lock and a potential deadlock.
->
->
-Here's how it can be reproduced:
->
->
-[...]
->
-I took a closer look at iotests/graph-changes-while-io, and have managed
-to reproduce the same deadlock in a much simpler setup, without a guest.
-
-1. Run QSD:> ./build/storage-daemon/qemu-storage-daemon --object
-iothread,id=iothread0 \
->
---blockdev null-co,node-name=node0,read-zeroes=true \
->
->
---nbd-server addr.type=unix,addr.path=/var/run/qsd_nbd.sock \
->
->
---export
->
-nbd,id=exp0,node-name=node0,iothread=iothread0,fixed-iothread=true,writable=true
->
-\
->
---chardev
->
-socket,id=qmp-sock,path=/var/run/qsd_qmp.sock,server=on,wait=off \
->
---monitor chardev=qmp-sock
-2. Launch IO:
->
-qemu-img bench -f raw -c 2000000
->
-'nbd+unix:///node0?socket=/var/run/qsd_nbd.sock'
-3. Add 2 snapshots and remove lower one (script attached):> while
-/bin/true ; do ./rls_qsd.sh ; done
-
-And then it hangs.
-
-I'll also send a patch with corresponding test case added directly to
-iotests.
-
-This reproduce seems to be hanging starting from Fiona's commit
-67446e605dc ("blockjob: drop AioContext lock before calling
-bdrv_graph_wrlock()").  AioContext locks were dropped entirely later on
-in Stefan's commit b49f4755c7 ("block: remove AioContext locking"), but
-the problem remains.
-
-Andrey
-rls_qsd.sh
-Description:
-application/shellscript
-
-From: Andrey Drobyshev <andrey.drobyshev@virtuozzo.com>
-
-This case is catching potential deadlock which takes place when job-dismiss
-is issued when I/O requests are processed in a separate iothread.
-
-See
-https://mail.gnu.org/archive/html/qemu-devel/2025-04/msg04421.html
-Signed-off-by: Andrey Drobyshev <andrey.drobyshev@virtuozzo.com>
----
- .../qemu-iotests/tests/graph-changes-while-io | 101 ++++++++++++++++--
- .../tests/graph-changes-while-io.out          |   4 +-
- 2 files changed, 96 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
-
-diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/tests/graph-changes-while-io 
-b/tests/qemu-iotests/tests/graph-changes-while-io
-index 194fda500e..e30f823da4 100755
---- a/tests/qemu-iotests/tests/graph-changes-while-io
-+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/tests/graph-changes-while-io
-@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ from iotests import imgfmt, qemu_img, qemu_img_create, 
-qemu_io, \
- 
- 
- top = os.path.join(iotests.test_dir, 'top.img')
-+snap1 = os.path.join(iotests.test_dir, 'snap1.img')
-+snap2 = os.path.join(iotests.test_dir, 'snap2.img')
- nbd_sock = os.path.join(iotests.sock_dir, 'nbd.sock')
- 
- 
-@@ -58,6 +60,15 @@ class TestGraphChangesWhileIO(QMPTestCase):
-     def tearDown(self) -> None:
-         self.qsd.stop()
- 
-+    def _wait_for_blockjob(self, status) -> None:
-+        done = False
-+        while not done:
-+            for event in self.qsd.get_qmp().get_events(wait=10.0):
-+                if event['event'] != 'JOB_STATUS_CHANGE':
-+                    continue
-+                if event['data']['status'] == status:
-+                    done = True
-+
-     def test_blockdev_add_while_io(self) -> None:
-         # Run qemu-img bench in the background
-         bench_thr = Thread(target=do_qemu_img_bench)
-@@ -116,13 +127,89 @@ class TestGraphChangesWhileIO(QMPTestCase):
-                 'device': 'job0',
-             })
- 
--            cancelled = False
--            while not cancelled:
--                for event in self.qsd.get_qmp().get_events(wait=10.0):
--                    if event['event'] != 'JOB_STATUS_CHANGE':
--                        continue
--                    if event['data']['status'] == 'null':
--                        cancelled = True
-+            self._wait_for_blockjob('null')
-+
-+        bench_thr.join()
-+
-+    def test_remove_lower_snapshot_while_io(self) -> None:
-+        # Run qemu-img bench in the background
-+        bench_thr = Thread(target=do_qemu_img_bench, args=(100000, ))
-+        bench_thr.start()
-+
-+        # While I/O is performed on 'node0' node, consequently add 2 snapshots
-+        # on top of it, then remove (commit) them starting from lower one.
-+        while bench_thr.is_alive():
-+            # Recreate snapshot images on every iteration
-+            qemu_img_create('-f', imgfmt, snap1, '1G')
-+            qemu_img_create('-f', imgfmt, snap2, '1G')
-+
-+            self.qsd.cmd('blockdev-add', {
-+                'driver': imgfmt,
-+                'node-name': 'snap1',
-+                'file': {
-+                    'driver': 'file',
-+                    'filename': snap1
-+                }
-+            })
-+
-+            self.qsd.cmd('blockdev-snapshot', {
-+                'node': 'node0',
-+                'overlay': 'snap1',
-+            })
-+
-+            self.qsd.cmd('blockdev-add', {
-+                'driver': imgfmt,
-+                'node-name': 'snap2',
-+                'file': {
-+                    'driver': 'file',
-+                    'filename': snap2
-+                }
-+            })
-+
-+            self.qsd.cmd('blockdev-snapshot', {
-+                'node': 'snap1',
-+                'overlay': 'snap2',
-+            })
-+
-+            self.qsd.cmd('block-commit', {
-+                'job-id': 'commit-snap1',
-+                'device': 'snap2',
-+                'top-node': 'snap1',
-+                'base-node': 'node0',
-+                'auto-finalize': True,
-+                'auto-dismiss': False,
-+            })
-+
-+            self._wait_for_blockjob('concluded')
-+            self.qsd.cmd('job-dismiss', {
-+                'id': 'commit-snap1',
-+            })
-+
-+            self.qsd.cmd('block-commit', {
-+                'job-id': 'commit-snap2',
-+                'device': 'snap2',
-+                'top-node': 'snap2',
-+                'base-node': 'node0',
-+                'auto-finalize': True,
-+                'auto-dismiss': False,
-+            })
-+
-+            self._wait_for_blockjob('ready')
-+            self.qsd.cmd('job-complete', {
-+                'id': 'commit-snap2',
-+            })
-+
-+            self._wait_for_blockjob('concluded')
-+            self.qsd.cmd('job-dismiss', {
-+                'id': 'commit-snap2',
-+            })
-+
-+            self.qsd.cmd('blockdev-del', {
-+                'node-name': 'snap1'
-+            })
-+            self.qsd.cmd('blockdev-del', {
-+                'node-name': 'snap2'
-+            })
- 
-         bench_thr.join()
- 
-diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/tests/graph-changes-while-io.out 
-b/tests/qemu-iotests/tests/graph-changes-while-io.out
-index fbc63e62f8..8d7e996700 100644
---- a/tests/qemu-iotests/tests/graph-changes-while-io.out
-+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/tests/graph-changes-while-io.out
-@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
--..
-+...
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
--Ran 2 tests
-+Ran 3 tests
- 
- OK
--- 
-2.43.5
-
-Am 24.04.25 um 19:32 schrieb Andrey Drobyshev:
->
-So it looks like main thread is processing job-dismiss request and is
->
-holding write lock taken in block_job_remove_all_bdrv() (frame #20
->
-above).  At the same time iothread spawns a coroutine which performs IO
->
-request.  Before the coroutine is spawned, blk_aio_prwv() increases
->
-'in_flight' counter for Blk.  Then blk_co_do_preadv_part() (frame #5) is
->
-trying to acquire the read lock.  But main thread isn't releasing the
->
-lock as blk_root_drained_poll() returns true since blk->in_flight > 0.
->
-Here's the deadlock.
-And for the IO test you provided, it's client->nb_requests that behaves
-similarly to blk->in_flight here.
-
-The issue also reproduces easily when issuing the following QMP command
-in a loop while doing IO on a device:
-
->
-void qmp_block_locked_drain(const char *node_name, Error **errp)
->
-{
->
-BlockDriverState *bs;
->
->
-bs = bdrv_find_node(node_name);
->
-if (!bs) {
->
-error_setg(errp, "node not found");
->
-return;
->
-}
->
->
-bdrv_graph_wrlock();
->
-bdrv_drained_begin(bs);
->
-bdrv_drained_end(bs);
->
-bdrv_graph_wrunlock();
->
-}
-It seems like either it would be necessary to require:
-1. not draining inside an exclusively locked section
-or
-2. making sure that variables used by drained_poll routines are only set
-while holding the reader lock
-?
-
-Those seem to require rather involved changes, so a third option might
-be to make draining inside an exclusively locked section possible, by
-embedding such locked sections in a drained section:
-
->
-diff --git a/blockjob.c b/blockjob.c
->
-index 32007f31a9..9b2f3b3ea9 100644
->
---- a/blockjob.c
->
-+++ b/blockjob.c
->
-@@ -198,6 +198,7 @@ void block_job_remove_all_bdrv(BlockJob *job)
->
-* one to make sure that such a concurrent access does not attempt
->
-* to process an already freed BdrvChild.
->
-*/
->
-+    bdrv_drain_all_begin();
->
-bdrv_graph_wrlock();
->
-while (job->nodes) {
->
-GSList *l = job->nodes;
->
-@@ -211,6 +212,7 @@ void block_job_remove_all_bdrv(BlockJob *job)
->
-g_slist_free_1(l);
->
-}
->
-bdrv_graph_wrunlock();
->
-+    bdrv_drain_all_end();
->
-}
->
->
-bool block_job_has_bdrv(BlockJob *job, BlockDriverState *bs)
-This seems to fix the issue at hand. I can send a patch if this is
-considered an acceptable approach.
-
-Best Regards,
-Fiona
-
-On 4/30/25 11:47 AM, Fiona Ebner wrote:
->
-Am 24.04.25 um 19:32 schrieb Andrey Drobyshev:
->
-> So it looks like main thread is processing job-dismiss request and is
->
-> holding write lock taken in block_job_remove_all_bdrv() (frame #20
->
-> above).  At the same time iothread spawns a coroutine which performs IO
->
-> request.  Before the coroutine is spawned, blk_aio_prwv() increases
->
-> 'in_flight' counter for Blk.  Then blk_co_do_preadv_part() (frame #5) is
->
-> trying to acquire the read lock.  But main thread isn't releasing the
->
-> lock as blk_root_drained_poll() returns true since blk->in_flight > 0.
->
-> Here's the deadlock.
->
->
-And for the IO test you provided, it's client->nb_requests that behaves
->
-similarly to blk->in_flight here.
->
->
-The issue also reproduces easily when issuing the following QMP command
->
-in a loop while doing IO on a device:
->
->
-> void qmp_block_locked_drain(const char *node_name, Error **errp)
->
-> {
->
->     BlockDriverState *bs;
->
->
->
->     bs = bdrv_find_node(node_name);
->
->     if (!bs) {
->
->         error_setg(errp, "node not found");
->
->         return;
->
->     }
->
->
->
->     bdrv_graph_wrlock();
->
->     bdrv_drained_begin(bs);
->
->     bdrv_drained_end(bs);
->
->     bdrv_graph_wrunlock();
->
-> }
->
->
-It seems like either it would be necessary to require:
->
-1. not draining inside an exclusively locked section
->
-or
->
-2. making sure that variables used by drained_poll routines are only set
->
-while holding the reader lock
->
-?
->
->
-Those seem to require rather involved changes, so a third option might
->
-be to make draining inside an exclusively locked section possible, by
->
-embedding such locked sections in a drained section:
->
->
-> diff --git a/blockjob.c b/blockjob.c
->
-> index 32007f31a9..9b2f3b3ea9 100644
->
-> --- a/blockjob.c
->
-> +++ b/blockjob.c
->
-> @@ -198,6 +198,7 @@ void block_job_remove_all_bdrv(BlockJob *job)
->
->       * one to make sure that such a concurrent access does not attempt
->
->       * to process an already freed BdrvChild.
->
->       */
->
-> +    bdrv_drain_all_begin();
->
->      bdrv_graph_wrlock();
->
->      while (job->nodes) {
->
->          GSList *l = job->nodes;
->
-> @@ -211,6 +212,7 @@ void block_job_remove_all_bdrv(BlockJob *job)
->
->          g_slist_free_1(l);
->
->      }
->
->      bdrv_graph_wrunlock();
->
-> +    bdrv_drain_all_end();
->
->  }
->
->
->
->  bool block_job_has_bdrv(BlockJob *job, BlockDriverState *bs)
->
->
-This seems to fix the issue at hand. I can send a patch if this is
->
-considered an acceptable approach.
->
->
-Best Regards,
->
-Fiona
->
-Hello Fiona,
-
-Thanks for looking into it.  I've tried your 3rd option above and can
-confirm it does fix the deadlock, at least I can't reproduce it.  Other
-iotests also don't seem to be breaking.  So I personally am fine with
-that patch.  Would be nice to hear a word from the maintainers though on
-whether there're any caveats with such approach.
-
-Andrey
-
-On Wed, Apr 30, 2025 at 10:11 AM Andrey Drobyshev
-<andrey.drobyshev@virtuozzo.com> wrote:
->
->
-On 4/30/25 11:47 AM, Fiona Ebner wrote:
->
-> Am 24.04.25 um 19:32 schrieb Andrey Drobyshev:
->
->> So it looks like main thread is processing job-dismiss request and is
->
->> holding write lock taken in block_job_remove_all_bdrv() (frame #20
->
->> above).  At the same time iothread spawns a coroutine which performs IO
->
->> request.  Before the coroutine is spawned, blk_aio_prwv() increases
->
->> 'in_flight' counter for Blk.  Then blk_co_do_preadv_part() (frame #5) is
->
->> trying to acquire the read lock.  But main thread isn't releasing the
->
->> lock as blk_root_drained_poll() returns true since blk->in_flight > 0.
->
->> Here's the deadlock.
->
->
->
-> And for the IO test you provided, it's client->nb_requests that behaves
->
-> similarly to blk->in_flight here.
->
->
->
-> The issue also reproduces easily when issuing the following QMP command
->
-> in a loop while doing IO on a device:
->
->
->
->> void qmp_block_locked_drain(const char *node_name, Error **errp)
->
->> {
->
->>     BlockDriverState *bs;
->
->>
->
->>     bs = bdrv_find_node(node_name);
->
->>     if (!bs) {
->
->>         error_setg(errp, "node not found");
->
->>         return;
->
->>     }
->
->>
->
->>     bdrv_graph_wrlock();
->
->>     bdrv_drained_begin(bs);
->
->>     bdrv_drained_end(bs);
->
->>     bdrv_graph_wrunlock();
->
->> }
->
->
->
-> It seems like either it would be necessary to require:
->
-> 1. not draining inside an exclusively locked section
->
-> or
->
-> 2. making sure that variables used by drained_poll routines are only set
->
-> while holding the reader lock
->
-> ?
->
->
->
-> Those seem to require rather involved changes, so a third option might
->
-> be to make draining inside an exclusively locked section possible, by
->
-> embedding such locked sections in a drained section:
->
->
->
->> diff --git a/blockjob.c b/blockjob.c
->
->> index 32007f31a9..9b2f3b3ea9 100644
->
->> --- a/blockjob.c
->
->> +++ b/blockjob.c
->
->> @@ -198,6 +198,7 @@ void block_job_remove_all_bdrv(BlockJob *job)
->
->>       * one to make sure that such a concurrent access does not attempt
->
->>       * to process an already freed BdrvChild.
->
->>       */
->
->> +    bdrv_drain_all_begin();
->
->>      bdrv_graph_wrlock();
->
->>      while (job->nodes) {
->
->>          GSList *l = job->nodes;
->
->> @@ -211,6 +212,7 @@ void block_job_remove_all_bdrv(BlockJob *job)
->
->>          g_slist_free_1(l);
->
->>      }
->
->>      bdrv_graph_wrunlock();
->
->> +    bdrv_drain_all_end();
->
->>  }
->
->>
->
->>  bool block_job_has_bdrv(BlockJob *job, BlockDriverState *bs)
->
->
->
-> This seems to fix the issue at hand. I can send a patch if this is
->
-> considered an acceptable approach.
-Kevin is aware of this thread but it's a public holiday tomorrow so it
-may be a little longer.
-
-Stefan
-
-Am 24.04.2025 um 19:32 hat Andrey Drobyshev geschrieben:
->
-Hi all,
->
->
-There's a bug in block layer which leads to block graph deadlock.
->
-Notably, it takes place when blockdev IO is processed within a separate
->
-iothread.
->
->
-This was initially caught by our tests, and I was able to reduce it to a
->
-relatively simple reproducer.  Such deadlocks are probably supposed to
->
-be covered in iotests/graph-changes-while-io, but this deadlock isn't.
->
->
-Basically what the reproducer does is launches QEMU with a drive having
->
-'iothread' option set, creates a chain of 2 snapshots, launches
->
-block-commit job for a snapshot and then dismisses the job, starting
->
-from the lower snapshot.  If the guest is issuing IO at the same time,
->
-there's a race in acquiring block graph lock and a potential deadlock.
->
->
-Here's how it can be reproduced:
->
->
-1. Run QEMU:
->
-> SRCDIR=/path/to/srcdir
->
->
->
->
->
->
->
->
->
-> $SRCDIR/build/qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm \
->
->
->
->   -machine q35 -cpu Nehalem \
->
->
->
->   -name guest=alma8-vm,debug-threads=on \
->
->
->
->   -m 2g -smp 2 \
->
->
->
->   -nographic -nodefaults \
->
->
->
->   -qmp unix:/var/run/alma8-qmp.sock,server=on,wait=off \
->
->
->
->   -serial unix:/var/run/alma8-serial.sock,server=on,wait=off \
->
->
->
->   -object iothread,id=iothread0 \
->
->
->
->   -blockdev
->
-> node-name=disk,driver=qcow2,file.driver=file,file.filename=/path/to/img/alma8.qcow2
->
->  \
->
->   -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=disk,iothread=iothread0
->
->
-2. Launch IO (random reads) from within the guest:
->
-> nc -U /var/run/alma8-serial.sock
->
-> ...
->
-> [root@alma8-vm ~]# fio --name=randread --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --bs=4k
->
-> --size=1G --numjobs=1 --time_based=1 --runtime=300 --group_reporting
->
-> --rw=randread --iodepth=1 --filename=/testfile
->
->
-3. Run snapshots creation & removal of lower snapshot operation in a
->
-loop (script attached):
->
-> while /bin/true ; do ./remove_lower_snap.sh ; done
->
->
-And then it occasionally hangs.
->
->
-Note: I've tried bisecting this, and looks like deadlock occurs starting
->
-from the following commit:
->
->
-(BAD)  5bdbaebcce virtio: Re-enable notifications after drain
->
-(GOOD) c42c3833e0 virtio-scsi: Attach event vq notifier with no_poll
->
->
-On the latest v10.0.0 it does hang as well.
->
->
->
-Here's backtrace of the main thread:
->
->
-> #0  0x00007fc547d427ce in __ppoll (fds=0x557eb79657b0, nfds=1,
->
-> timeout=<optimized out>, sigmask=0x0) at
->
-> ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/ppoll.c:43
->
-> #1  0x0000557eb47d955c in qemu_poll_ns (fds=0x557eb79657b0, nfds=1,
->
-> timeout=-1) at ../util/qemu-timer.c:329
->
-> #2  0x0000557eb47b2204 in fdmon_poll_wait (ctx=0x557eb76c5f20,
->
-> ready_list=0x7ffd94b4edd8, timeout=-1) at ../util/fdmon-poll.c:79
->
-> #3  0x0000557eb47b1c45 in aio_poll (ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, blocking=true) at
->
-> ../util/aio-posix.c:730
->
-> #4  0x0000557eb4621edd in bdrv_do_drained_begin (bs=0x557eb795e950,
->
-> parent=0x0, poll=true) at ../block/io.c:378
->
-> #5  0x0000557eb4621f7b in bdrv_drained_begin (bs=0x557eb795e950) at
->
-> ../block/io.c:391
->
-> #6  0x0000557eb45ec125 in bdrv_change_aio_context (bs=0x557eb795e950,
->
-> ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160,
->
-> errp=0x0)
->
->     at ../block.c:7682
->
-> #7  0x0000557eb45ebf2b in bdrv_child_change_aio_context (c=0x557eb7964250,
->
-> ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160,
->
-> errp=0x0)
->
->     at ../block.c:7608
->
-> #8  0x0000557eb45ec0c4 in bdrv_change_aio_context (bs=0x557eb79575e0,
->
-> ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160,
->
-> errp=0x0)
->
->     at ../block.c:7668
->
-> #9  0x0000557eb45ebf2b in bdrv_child_change_aio_context (c=0x557eb7e59110,
->
-> ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160,
->
-> errp=0x0)
->
->     at ../block.c:7608
->
-> #10 0x0000557eb45ec0c4 in bdrv_change_aio_context (bs=0x557eb7e51960,
->
-> ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160,
->
-> errp=0x0)
->
->     at ../block.c:7668
->
-> #11 0x0000557eb45ebf2b in bdrv_child_change_aio_context (c=0x557eb814ed80,
->
-> ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160,
->
-> errp=0x0)
->
->     at ../block.c:7608
->
-> #12 0x0000557eb45ee8e4 in child_job_change_aio_ctx (c=0x557eb7c9d3f0,
->
-> ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160,
->
-> errp=0x0)
->
->     at ../blockjob.c:157
->
-> #13 0x0000557eb45ebe2d in bdrv_parent_change_aio_context (c=0x557eb7c9d3f0,
->
-> ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160,
->
-> errp=0x0)
->
->     at ../block.c:7592
->
-> #14 0x0000557eb45ec06b in bdrv_change_aio_context (bs=0x557eb7d74310,
->
-> ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160,
->
-> errp=0x0)
->
->     at ../block.c:7661
->
-> #15 0x0000557eb45dcd7e in bdrv_child_cb_change_aio_ctx
->
->     (child=0x557eb8565af0, ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 =
->
-> {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160, errp=0x0) at ../block.c:1234
->
-> #16 0x0000557eb45ebe2d in bdrv_parent_change_aio_context (c=0x557eb8565af0,
->
-> ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160,
->
-> errp=0x0)
->
->     at ../block.c:7592
->
-> #17 0x0000557eb45ec06b in bdrv_change_aio_context (bs=0x557eb79575e0,
->
-> ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160,
->
-> errp=0x0)
->
->     at ../block.c:7661
->
-> #18 0x0000557eb45ec1f3 in bdrv_try_change_aio_context (bs=0x557eb79575e0,
->
-> ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, ignore_child=0x0, errp=0x0) at ../block.c:7715
->
-> #19 0x0000557eb45e1b15 in bdrv_root_unref_child (child=0x557eb7966f30) at
->
-> ../block.c:3317
->
-> #20 0x0000557eb45eeaa8 in block_job_remove_all_bdrv (job=0x557eb7952800) at
->
-> ../blockjob.c:209
->
-> #21 0x0000557eb45ee641 in block_job_free (job=0x557eb7952800) at
->
-> ../blockjob.c:82
->
-> #22 0x0000557eb45f17af in job_unref_locked (job=0x557eb7952800) at
->
-> ../job.c:474
->
-> #23 0x0000557eb45f257d in job_do_dismiss_locked (job=0x557eb7952800) at
->
-> ../job.c:771
->
-> #24 0x0000557eb45f25fe in job_dismiss_locked (jobptr=0x7ffd94b4f400,
->
-> errp=0x7ffd94b4f488) at ../job.c:783
->
-> --Type <RET> for more, q to quit, c to continue without paging--
->
-> #25 0x0000557eb45d8e84 in qmp_job_dismiss (id=0x557eb7aa42b0
->
-> "commit-snap1", errp=0x7ffd94b4f488) at ../job-qmp.c:138
->
-> #26 0x0000557eb472f6a3 in qmp_marshal_job_dismiss (args=0x7fc52c00a3b0,
->
-> ret=0x7fc53c880da8, errp=0x7fc53c880da0) at qapi/qapi-commands-job.c:221
->
-> #27 0x0000557eb47a35f3 in do_qmp_dispatch_bh (opaque=0x7fc53c880e40) at
->
-> ../qapi/qmp-dispatch.c:128
->
-> #28 0x0000557eb47d1cd2 in aio_bh_call (bh=0x557eb79568f0) at
->
-> ../util/async.c:172
->
-> #29 0x0000557eb47d1df5 in aio_bh_poll (ctx=0x557eb76c0200) at
->
-> ../util/async.c:219
->
-> #30 0x0000557eb47b12f3 in aio_dispatch (ctx=0x557eb76c0200) at
->
-> ../util/aio-posix.c:436
->
-> #31 0x0000557eb47d2266 in aio_ctx_dispatch (source=0x557eb76c0200,
->
-> callback=0x0, user_data=0x0) at ../util/async.c:361
->
-> #32 0x00007fc549232f4f in g_main_dispatch (context=0x557eb76c6430) at
->
-> ../glib/gmain.c:3364
->
-> #33 g_main_context_dispatch (context=0x557eb76c6430) at ../glib/gmain.c:4079
->
-> #34 0x0000557eb47d3ab1 in glib_pollfds_poll () at ../util/main-loop.c:287
->
-> #35 0x0000557eb47d3b38 in os_host_main_loop_wait (timeout=0) at
->
-> ../util/main-loop.c:310
->
-> #36 0x0000557eb47d3c58 in main_loop_wait (nonblocking=0) at
->
-> ../util/main-loop.c:589
->
-> #37 0x0000557eb4218b01 in qemu_main_loop () at ../system/runstate.c:835
->
-> #38 0x0000557eb46df166 in qemu_default_main (opaque=0x0) at
->
-> ../system/main.c:50
->
-> #39 0x0000557eb46df215 in main (argc=24, argv=0x7ffd94b4f8d8) at
->
-> ../system/main.c:80
->
->
->
-And here's coroutine trying to acquire read lock:
->
->
-> (gdb) qemu coroutine reader_queue->entries.sqh_first
->
-> #0  0x0000557eb47d7068 in qemu_coroutine_switch (from_=0x557eb7aa48b0,
->
-> to_=0x7fc537fff508, action=COROUTINE_YIELD) at
->
-> ../util/coroutine-ucontext.c:321
->
-> #1  0x0000557eb47d4d4a in qemu_coroutine_yield () at
->
-> ../util/qemu-coroutine.c:339
->
-> #2  0x0000557eb47d56c8 in qemu_co_queue_wait_impl (queue=0x557eb59954c0
->
-> <reader_queue>, lock=0x7fc53c57de50, flags=0) at
->
-> ../util/qemu-coroutine-lock.c:60
->
-> #3  0x0000557eb461fea7 in bdrv_graph_co_rdlock () at
->
-> ../block/graph-lock.c:231
->
-> #4  0x0000557eb460c81a in graph_lockable_auto_lock (x=0x7fc53c57dee3) at
->
-> /home/root/src/qemu/master/include/block/graph-lock.h:213
->
-> #5  0x0000557eb460fa41 in blk_co_do_preadv_part
->
->     (blk=0x557eb84c0810, offset=6890553344, bytes=4096,
->
-> qiov=0x7fc530006988, qiov_offset=0, flags=BDRV_REQ_REGISTERED_BUF) at
->
-> ../block/block-backend.c:1339
->
-> #6  0x0000557eb46104d7 in blk_aio_read_entry (opaque=0x7fc530003240) at
->
-> ../block/block-backend.c:1619
->
-> #7  0x0000557eb47d6c40 in coroutine_trampoline (i0=-1213577040, i1=21886)
->
-> at ../util/coroutine-ucontext.c:175
->
-> #8  0x00007fc547c2a360 in __start_context () at
->
-> ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/__start_context.S:91
->
-> #9  0x00007ffd94b4ea40 in  ()
->
-> #10 0x0000000000000000 in  ()
->
->
->
-So it looks like main thread is processing job-dismiss request and is
->
-holding write lock taken in block_job_remove_all_bdrv() (frame #20
->
-above).  At the same time iothread spawns a coroutine which performs IO
->
-request.  Before the coroutine is spawned, blk_aio_prwv() increases
->
-'in_flight' counter for Blk.  Then blk_co_do_preadv_part() (frame #5) is
->
-trying to acquire the read lock.  But main thread isn't releasing the
->
-lock as blk_root_drained_poll() returns true since blk->in_flight > 0.
->
-Here's the deadlock.
->
->
-Any comments and suggestions on the subject are welcomed.  Thanks!
-I think this is what the blk_wait_while_drained() call was supposed to
-address in blk_co_do_preadv_part(). However, with the use of multiple
-I/O threads, this is racy.
-
-Do you think that in your case we hit the small race window between the
-checks in blk_wait_while_drained() and GRAPH_RDLOCK_GUARD()? Or is there
-another reason why blk_wait_while_drained() didn't do its job?
-
-Kevin
-
-On 5/2/25 19:34, Kevin Wolf wrote:
-Am 24.04.2025 um 19:32 hat Andrey Drobyshev geschrieben:
-Hi all,
-
-There's a bug in block layer which leads to block graph deadlock.
-Notably, it takes place when blockdev IO is processed within a separate
-iothread.
-
-This was initially caught by our tests, and I was able to reduce it to a
-relatively simple reproducer.  Such deadlocks are probably supposed to
-be covered in iotests/graph-changes-while-io, but this deadlock isn't.
-
-Basically what the reproducer does is launches QEMU with a drive having
-'iothread' option set, creates a chain of 2 snapshots, launches
-block-commit job for a snapshot and then dismisses the job, starting
-from the lower snapshot.  If the guest is issuing IO at the same time,
-there's a race in acquiring block graph lock and a potential deadlock.
-
-Here's how it can be reproduced:
-
-1. Run QEMU:
-SRCDIR=/path/to/srcdir
-$SRCDIR/build/qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm \
--machine q35 -cpu Nehalem \
-   -name guest=alma8-vm,debug-threads=on \
-   -m 2g -smp 2 \
-   -nographic -nodefaults \
-   -qmp unix:/var/run/alma8-qmp.sock,server=on,wait=off \
-   -serial unix:/var/run/alma8-serial.sock,server=on,wait=off \
-   -object iothread,id=iothread0 \
-   -blockdev 
-node-name=disk,driver=qcow2,file.driver=file,file.filename=/path/to/img/alma8.qcow2
- \
-   -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=disk,iothread=iothread0
-2. Launch IO (random reads) from within the guest:
-nc -U /var/run/alma8-serial.sock
-...
-[root@alma8-vm ~]# fio --name=randread --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --bs=4k 
---size=1G --numjobs=1 --time_based=1 --runtime=300 --group_reporting 
---rw=randread --iodepth=1 --filename=/testfile
-3. Run snapshots creation & removal of lower snapshot operation in a
-loop (script attached):
-while /bin/true ; do ./remove_lower_snap.sh ; done
-And then it occasionally hangs.
-
-Note: I've tried bisecting this, and looks like deadlock occurs starting
-from the following commit:
-
-(BAD)  5bdbaebcce virtio: Re-enable notifications after drain
-(GOOD) c42c3833e0 virtio-scsi: Attach event vq notifier with no_poll
-
-On the latest v10.0.0 it does hang as well.
-
-
-Here's backtrace of the main thread:
-#0  0x00007fc547d427ce in __ppoll (fds=0x557eb79657b0, nfds=1, timeout=<optimized 
-out>, sigmask=0x0) at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/ppoll.c:43
-#1  0x0000557eb47d955c in qemu_poll_ns (fds=0x557eb79657b0, nfds=1, timeout=-1) 
-at ../util/qemu-timer.c:329
-#2  0x0000557eb47b2204 in fdmon_poll_wait (ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, 
-ready_list=0x7ffd94b4edd8, timeout=-1) at ../util/fdmon-poll.c:79
-#3  0x0000557eb47b1c45 in aio_poll (ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, blocking=true) at 
-../util/aio-posix.c:730
-#4  0x0000557eb4621edd in bdrv_do_drained_begin (bs=0x557eb795e950, parent=0x0, 
-poll=true) at ../block/io.c:378
-#5  0x0000557eb4621f7b in bdrv_drained_begin (bs=0x557eb795e950) at 
-../block/io.c:391
-#6  0x0000557eb45ec125 in bdrv_change_aio_context (bs=0x557eb795e950, 
-ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160, 
-errp=0x0)
-     at ../block.c:7682
-#7  0x0000557eb45ebf2b in bdrv_child_change_aio_context (c=0x557eb7964250, 
-ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160, 
-errp=0x0)
-     at ../block.c:7608
-#8  0x0000557eb45ec0c4 in bdrv_change_aio_context (bs=0x557eb79575e0, 
-ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160, 
-errp=0x0)
-     at ../block.c:7668
-#9  0x0000557eb45ebf2b in bdrv_child_change_aio_context (c=0x557eb7e59110, 
-ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160, 
-errp=0x0)
-     at ../block.c:7608
-#10 0x0000557eb45ec0c4 in bdrv_change_aio_context (bs=0x557eb7e51960, 
-ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160, 
-errp=0x0)
-     at ../block.c:7668
-#11 0x0000557eb45ebf2b in bdrv_child_change_aio_context (c=0x557eb814ed80, 
-ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160, 
-errp=0x0)
-     at ../block.c:7608
-#12 0x0000557eb45ee8e4 in child_job_change_aio_ctx (c=0x557eb7c9d3f0, 
-ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160, 
-errp=0x0)
-     at ../blockjob.c:157
-#13 0x0000557eb45ebe2d in bdrv_parent_change_aio_context (c=0x557eb7c9d3f0, 
-ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160, 
-errp=0x0)
-     at ../block.c:7592
-#14 0x0000557eb45ec06b in bdrv_change_aio_context (bs=0x557eb7d74310, 
-ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160, 
-errp=0x0)
-     at ../block.c:7661
-#15 0x0000557eb45dcd7e in bdrv_child_cb_change_aio_ctx
-     (child=0x557eb8565af0, ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, 
-tran=0x557eb7a87160, errp=0x0) at ../block.c:1234
-#16 0x0000557eb45ebe2d in bdrv_parent_change_aio_context (c=0x557eb8565af0, 
-ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160, 
-errp=0x0)
-     at ../block.c:7592
-#17 0x0000557eb45ec06b in bdrv_change_aio_context (bs=0x557eb79575e0, 
-ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160, 
-errp=0x0)
-     at ../block.c:7661
-#18 0x0000557eb45ec1f3 in bdrv_try_change_aio_context (bs=0x557eb79575e0, 
-ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, ignore_child=0x0, errp=0x0) at ../block.c:7715
-#19 0x0000557eb45e1b15 in bdrv_root_unref_child (child=0x557eb7966f30) at 
-../block.c:3317
-#20 0x0000557eb45eeaa8 in block_job_remove_all_bdrv (job=0x557eb7952800) at 
-../blockjob.c:209
-#21 0x0000557eb45ee641 in block_job_free (job=0x557eb7952800) at 
-../blockjob.c:82
-#22 0x0000557eb45f17af in job_unref_locked (job=0x557eb7952800) at ../job.c:474
-#23 0x0000557eb45f257d in job_do_dismiss_locked (job=0x557eb7952800) at 
-../job.c:771
-#24 0x0000557eb45f25fe in job_dismiss_locked (jobptr=0x7ffd94b4f400, 
-errp=0x7ffd94b4f488) at ../job.c:783
---Type <RET> for more, q to quit, c to continue without paging--
-#25 0x0000557eb45d8e84 in qmp_job_dismiss (id=0x557eb7aa42b0 "commit-snap1", 
-errp=0x7ffd94b4f488) at ../job-qmp.c:138
-#26 0x0000557eb472f6a3 in qmp_marshal_job_dismiss (args=0x7fc52c00a3b0, 
-ret=0x7fc53c880da8, errp=0x7fc53c880da0) at qapi/qapi-commands-job.c:221
-#27 0x0000557eb47a35f3 in do_qmp_dispatch_bh (opaque=0x7fc53c880e40) at 
-../qapi/qmp-dispatch.c:128
-#28 0x0000557eb47d1cd2 in aio_bh_call (bh=0x557eb79568f0) at ../util/async.c:172
-#29 0x0000557eb47d1df5 in aio_bh_poll (ctx=0x557eb76c0200) at 
-../util/async.c:219
-#30 0x0000557eb47b12f3 in aio_dispatch (ctx=0x557eb76c0200) at 
-../util/aio-posix.c:436
-#31 0x0000557eb47d2266 in aio_ctx_dispatch (source=0x557eb76c0200, 
-callback=0x0, user_data=0x0) at ../util/async.c:361
-#32 0x00007fc549232f4f in g_main_dispatch (context=0x557eb76c6430) at 
-../glib/gmain.c:3364
-#33 g_main_context_dispatch (context=0x557eb76c6430) at ../glib/gmain.c:4079
-#34 0x0000557eb47d3ab1 in glib_pollfds_poll () at ../util/main-loop.c:287
-#35 0x0000557eb47d3b38 in os_host_main_loop_wait (timeout=0) at 
-../util/main-loop.c:310
-#36 0x0000557eb47d3c58 in main_loop_wait (nonblocking=0) at 
-../util/main-loop.c:589
-#37 0x0000557eb4218b01 in qemu_main_loop () at ../system/runstate.c:835
-#38 0x0000557eb46df166 in qemu_default_main (opaque=0x0) at ../system/main.c:50
-#39 0x0000557eb46df215 in main (argc=24, argv=0x7ffd94b4f8d8) at 
-../system/main.c:80
-And here's coroutine trying to acquire read lock:
-(gdb) qemu coroutine reader_queue->entries.sqh_first
-#0  0x0000557eb47d7068 in qemu_coroutine_switch (from_=0x557eb7aa48b0, 
-to_=0x7fc537fff508, action=COROUTINE_YIELD) at ../util/coroutine-ucontext.c:321
-#1  0x0000557eb47d4d4a in qemu_coroutine_yield () at 
-../util/qemu-coroutine.c:339
-#2  0x0000557eb47d56c8 in qemu_co_queue_wait_impl (queue=0x557eb59954c0 
-<reader_queue>, lock=0x7fc53c57de50, flags=0) at 
-../util/qemu-coroutine-lock.c:60
-#3  0x0000557eb461fea7 in bdrv_graph_co_rdlock () at ../block/graph-lock.c:231
-#4  0x0000557eb460c81a in graph_lockable_auto_lock (x=0x7fc53c57dee3) at 
-/home/root/src/qemu/master/include/block/graph-lock.h:213
-#5  0x0000557eb460fa41 in blk_co_do_preadv_part
-     (blk=0x557eb84c0810, offset=6890553344, bytes=4096, qiov=0x7fc530006988, 
-qiov_offset=0, flags=BDRV_REQ_REGISTERED_BUF) at ../block/block-backend.c:1339
-#6  0x0000557eb46104d7 in blk_aio_read_entry (opaque=0x7fc530003240) at 
-../block/block-backend.c:1619
-#7  0x0000557eb47d6c40 in coroutine_trampoline (i0=-1213577040, i1=21886) at 
-../util/coroutine-ucontext.c:175
-#8  0x00007fc547c2a360 in __start_context () at 
-../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/__start_context.S:91
-#9  0x00007ffd94b4ea40 in  ()
-#10 0x0000000000000000 in  ()
-So it looks like main thread is processing job-dismiss request and is
-holding write lock taken in block_job_remove_all_bdrv() (frame #20
-above).  At the same time iothread spawns a coroutine which performs IO
-request.  Before the coroutine is spawned, blk_aio_prwv() increases
-'in_flight' counter for Blk.  Then blk_co_do_preadv_part() (frame #5) is
-trying to acquire the read lock.  But main thread isn't releasing the
-lock as blk_root_drained_poll() returns true since blk->in_flight > 0.
-Here's the deadlock.
-
-Any comments and suggestions on the subject are welcomed.  Thanks!
-I think this is what the blk_wait_while_drained() call was supposed to
-address in blk_co_do_preadv_part(). However, with the use of multiple
-I/O threads, this is racy.
-
-Do you think that in your case we hit the small race window between the
-checks in blk_wait_while_drained() and GRAPH_RDLOCK_GUARD()? Or is there
-another reason why blk_wait_while_drained() didn't do its job?
-
-Kevin
-At my opinion there is very big race window. Main thread has
-eaten graph write lock. After that another coroutine is stalled
-within GRAPH_RDLOCK_GUARD() as there is no drain at the moment and only
-after that main thread has started drain. That is why Fiona's idea is
-looking working. Though this would mean that normally we should always
-do that at the moment when we acquire write lock. May be even inside
-this function. Den
-
-Am 02.05.2025 um 19:52 hat Denis V. Lunev geschrieben:
->
-On 5/2/25 19:34, Kevin Wolf wrote:
->
-> Am 24.04.2025 um 19:32 hat Andrey Drobyshev geschrieben:
->
-> > Hi all,
->
-> >
->
-> > There's a bug in block layer which leads to block graph deadlock.
->
-> > Notably, it takes place when blockdev IO is processed within a separate
->
-> > iothread.
->
-> >
->
-> > This was initially caught by our tests, and I was able to reduce it to a
->
-> > relatively simple reproducer.  Such deadlocks are probably supposed to
->
-> > be covered in iotests/graph-changes-while-io, but this deadlock isn't.
->
-> >
->
-> > Basically what the reproducer does is launches QEMU with a drive having
->
-> > 'iothread' option set, creates a chain of 2 snapshots, launches
->
-> > block-commit job for a snapshot and then dismisses the job, starting
->
-> > from the lower snapshot.  If the guest is issuing IO at the same time,
->
-> > there's a race in acquiring block graph lock and a potential deadlock.
->
-> >
->
-> > Here's how it can be reproduced:
->
-> >
->
-> > 1. Run QEMU:
->
-> > > SRCDIR=/path/to/srcdir
->
-> > > $SRCDIR/build/qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm \
->
-> > >    -machine q35 -cpu Nehalem \
->
-> > >    -name guest=alma8-vm,debug-threads=on \
->
-> > >    -m 2g -smp 2 \
->
-> > >    -nographic -nodefaults \
->
-> > >    -qmp unix:/var/run/alma8-qmp.sock,server=on,wait=off \
->
-> > >    -serial unix:/var/run/alma8-serial.sock,server=on,wait=off \
->
-> > >    -object iothread,id=iothread0 \
->
-> > >    -blockdev
->
-> > > node-name=disk,driver=qcow2,file.driver=file,file.filename=/path/to/img/alma8.qcow2
->
-> > >  \
->
-> > >    -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=disk,iothread=iothread0
->
-> > 2. Launch IO (random reads) from within the guest:
->
-> > > nc -U /var/run/alma8-serial.sock
->
-> > > ...
->
-> > > [root@alma8-vm ~]# fio --name=randread --ioengine=libaio --direct=1
->
-> > > --bs=4k --size=1G --numjobs=1 --time_based=1 --runtime=300
->
-> > > --group_reporting --rw=randread --iodepth=1 --filename=/testfile
->
-> > 3. Run snapshots creation & removal of lower snapshot operation in a
->
-> > loop (script attached):
->
-> > > while /bin/true ; do ./remove_lower_snap.sh ; done
->
-> > And then it occasionally hangs.
->
-> >
->
-> > Note: I've tried bisecting this, and looks like deadlock occurs starting
->
-> > from the following commit:
->
-> >
->
-> > (BAD)  5bdbaebcce virtio: Re-enable notifications after drain
->
-> > (GOOD) c42c3833e0 virtio-scsi: Attach event vq notifier with no_poll
->
-> >
->
-> > On the latest v10.0.0 it does hang as well.
->
-> >
->
-> >
->
-> > Here's backtrace of the main thread:
->
-> >
->
-> > > #0  0x00007fc547d427ce in __ppoll (fds=0x557eb79657b0, nfds=1,
->
-> > > timeout=<optimized out>, sigmask=0x0) at
->
-> > > ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/ppoll.c:43
->
-> > > #1  0x0000557eb47d955c in qemu_poll_ns (fds=0x557eb79657b0, nfds=1,
->
-> > > timeout=-1) at ../util/qemu-timer.c:329
->
-> > > #2  0x0000557eb47b2204 in fdmon_poll_wait (ctx=0x557eb76c5f20,
->
-> > > ready_list=0x7ffd94b4edd8, timeout=-1) at ../util/fdmon-poll.c:79
->
-> > > #3  0x0000557eb47b1c45 in aio_poll (ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, blocking=true)
->
-> > > at ../util/aio-posix.c:730
->
-> > > #4  0x0000557eb4621edd in bdrv_do_drained_begin (bs=0x557eb795e950,
->
-> > > parent=0x0, poll=true) at ../block/io.c:378
->
-> > > #5  0x0000557eb4621f7b in bdrv_drained_begin (bs=0x557eb795e950) at
->
-> > > ../block/io.c:391
->
-> > > #6  0x0000557eb45ec125 in bdrv_change_aio_context (bs=0x557eb795e950,
->
-> > > ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...},
->
-> > > tran=0x557eb7a87160, errp=0x0)
->
-> > >      at ../block.c:7682
->
-> > > #7  0x0000557eb45ebf2b in bdrv_child_change_aio_context
->
-> > > (c=0x557eb7964250, ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...},
->
-> > > tran=0x557eb7a87160, errp=0x0)
->
-> > >      at ../block.c:7608
->
-> > > #8  0x0000557eb45ec0c4 in bdrv_change_aio_context (bs=0x557eb79575e0,
->
-> > > ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...},
->
-> > > tran=0x557eb7a87160, errp=0x0)
->
-> > >      at ../block.c:7668
->
-> > > #9  0x0000557eb45ebf2b in bdrv_child_change_aio_context
->
-> > > (c=0x557eb7e59110, ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...},
->
-> > > tran=0x557eb7a87160, errp=0x0)
->
-> > >      at ../block.c:7608
->
-> > > #10 0x0000557eb45ec0c4 in bdrv_change_aio_context (bs=0x557eb7e51960,
->
-> > > ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...},
->
-> > > tran=0x557eb7a87160, errp=0x0)
->
-> > >      at ../block.c:7668
->
-> > > #11 0x0000557eb45ebf2b in bdrv_child_change_aio_context
->
-> > > (c=0x557eb814ed80, ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...},
->
-> > > tran=0x557eb7a87160, errp=0x0)
->
-> > >      at ../block.c:7608
->
-> > > #12 0x0000557eb45ee8e4 in child_job_change_aio_ctx (c=0x557eb7c9d3f0,
->
-> > > ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...},
->
-> > > tran=0x557eb7a87160, errp=0x0)
->
-> > >      at ../blockjob.c:157
->
-> > > #13 0x0000557eb45ebe2d in bdrv_parent_change_aio_context
->
-> > > (c=0x557eb7c9d3f0, ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...},
->
-> > > tran=0x557eb7a87160, errp=0x0)
->
-> > >      at ../block.c:7592
->
-> > > #14 0x0000557eb45ec06b in bdrv_change_aio_context (bs=0x557eb7d74310,
->
-> > > ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...},
->
-> > > tran=0x557eb7a87160, errp=0x0)
->
-> > >      at ../block.c:7661
->
-> > > #15 0x0000557eb45dcd7e in bdrv_child_cb_change_aio_ctx
->
-> > >      (child=0x557eb8565af0, ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60
->
-> > > = {...}, tran=0x557eb7a87160, errp=0x0) at ../block.c:1234
->
-> > > #16 0x0000557eb45ebe2d in bdrv_parent_change_aio_context
->
-> > > (c=0x557eb8565af0, ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...},
->
-> > > tran=0x557eb7a87160, errp=0x0)
->
-> > >      at ../block.c:7592
->
-> > > #17 0x0000557eb45ec06b in bdrv_change_aio_context (bs=0x557eb79575e0,
->
-> > > ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, visited=0x557eb7e06b60 = {...},
->
-> > > tran=0x557eb7a87160, errp=0x0)
->
-> > >      at ../block.c:7661
->
-> > > #18 0x0000557eb45ec1f3 in bdrv_try_change_aio_context
->
-> > > (bs=0x557eb79575e0, ctx=0x557eb76c5f20, ignore_child=0x0, errp=0x0) at
->
-> > > ../block.c:7715
->
-> > > #19 0x0000557eb45e1b15 in bdrv_root_unref_child (child=0x557eb7966f30)
->
-> > > at ../block.c:3317
->
-> > > #20 0x0000557eb45eeaa8 in block_job_remove_all_bdrv
->
-> > > (job=0x557eb7952800) at ../blockjob.c:209
->
-> > > #21 0x0000557eb45ee641 in block_job_free (job=0x557eb7952800) at
->
-> > > ../blockjob.c:82
->
-> > > #22 0x0000557eb45f17af in job_unref_locked (job=0x557eb7952800) at
->
-> > > ../job.c:474
->
-> > > #23 0x0000557eb45f257d in job_do_dismiss_locked (job=0x557eb7952800) at
->
-> > > ../job.c:771
->
-> > > #24 0x0000557eb45f25fe in job_dismiss_locked (jobptr=0x7ffd94b4f400,
->
-> > > errp=0x7ffd94b4f488) at ../job.c:783
->
-> > > --Type <RET> for more, q to quit, c to continue without paging--
->
-> > > #25 0x0000557eb45d8e84 in qmp_job_dismiss (id=0x557eb7aa42b0
->
-> > > "commit-snap1", errp=0x7ffd94b4f488) at ../job-qmp.c:138
->
-> > > #26 0x0000557eb472f6a3 in qmp_marshal_job_dismiss (args=0x7fc52c00a3b0,
->
-> > > ret=0x7fc53c880da8, errp=0x7fc53c880da0) at qapi/qapi-commands-job.c:221
->
-> > > #27 0x0000557eb47a35f3 in do_qmp_dispatch_bh (opaque=0x7fc53c880e40) at
->
-> > > ../qapi/qmp-dispatch.c:128
->
-> > > #28 0x0000557eb47d1cd2 in aio_bh_call (bh=0x557eb79568f0) at
->
-> > > ../util/async.c:172
->
-> > > #29 0x0000557eb47d1df5 in aio_bh_poll (ctx=0x557eb76c0200) at
->
-> > > ../util/async.c:219
->
-> > > #30 0x0000557eb47b12f3 in aio_dispatch (ctx=0x557eb76c0200) at
->
-> > > ../util/aio-posix.c:436
->
-> > > #31 0x0000557eb47d2266 in aio_ctx_dispatch (source=0x557eb76c0200,
->
-> > > callback=0x0, user_data=0x0) at ../util/async.c:361
->
-> > > #32 0x00007fc549232f4f in g_main_dispatch (context=0x557eb76c6430) at
->
-> > > ../glib/gmain.c:3364
->
-> > > #33 g_main_context_dispatch (context=0x557eb76c6430) at
->
-> > > ../glib/gmain.c:4079
->
-> > > #34 0x0000557eb47d3ab1 in glib_pollfds_poll () at
->
-> > > ../util/main-loop.c:287
->
-> > > #35 0x0000557eb47d3b38 in os_host_main_loop_wait (timeout=0) at
->
-> > > ../util/main-loop.c:310
->
-> > > #36 0x0000557eb47d3c58 in main_loop_wait (nonblocking=0) at
->
-> > > ../util/main-loop.c:589
->
-> > > #37 0x0000557eb4218b01 in qemu_main_loop () at ../system/runstate.c:835
->
-> > > #38 0x0000557eb46df166 in qemu_default_main (opaque=0x0) at
->
-> > > ../system/main.c:50
->
-> > > #39 0x0000557eb46df215 in main (argc=24, argv=0x7ffd94b4f8d8) at
->
-> > > ../system/main.c:80
->
-> >
->
-> > And here's coroutine trying to acquire read lock:
->
-> >
->
-> > > (gdb) qemu coroutine reader_queue->entries.sqh_first
->
-> > > #0  0x0000557eb47d7068 in qemu_coroutine_switch (from_=0x557eb7aa48b0,
->
-> > > to_=0x7fc537fff508, action=COROUTINE_YIELD) at
->
-> > > ../util/coroutine-ucontext.c:321
->
-> > > #1  0x0000557eb47d4d4a in qemu_coroutine_yield () at
->
-> > > ../util/qemu-coroutine.c:339
->
-> > > #2  0x0000557eb47d56c8 in qemu_co_queue_wait_impl (queue=0x557eb59954c0
->
-> > > <reader_queue>, lock=0x7fc53c57de50, flags=0) at
->
-> > > ../util/qemu-coroutine-lock.c:60
->
-> > > #3  0x0000557eb461fea7 in bdrv_graph_co_rdlock () at
->
-> > > ../block/graph-lock.c:231
->
-> > > #4  0x0000557eb460c81a in graph_lockable_auto_lock (x=0x7fc53c57dee3)
->
-> > > at /home/root/src/qemu/master/include/block/graph-lock.h:213
->
-> > > #5  0x0000557eb460fa41 in blk_co_do_preadv_part
->
-> > >      (blk=0x557eb84c0810, offset=6890553344, bytes=4096,
->
-> > > qiov=0x7fc530006988, qiov_offset=0, flags=BDRV_REQ_REGISTERED_BUF) at
->
-> > > ../block/block-backend.c:1339
->
-> > > #6  0x0000557eb46104d7 in blk_aio_read_entry (opaque=0x7fc530003240) at
->
-> > > ../block/block-backend.c:1619
->
-> > > #7  0x0000557eb47d6c40 in coroutine_trampoline (i0=-1213577040,
->
-> > > i1=21886) at ../util/coroutine-ucontext.c:175
->
-> > > #8  0x00007fc547c2a360 in __start_context () at
->
-> > > ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/__start_context.S:91
->
-> > > #9  0x00007ffd94b4ea40 in  ()
->
-> > > #10 0x0000000000000000 in  ()
->
-> >
->
-> > So it looks like main thread is processing job-dismiss request and is
->
-> > holding write lock taken in block_job_remove_all_bdrv() (frame #20
->
-> > above).  At the same time iothread spawns a coroutine which performs IO
->
-> > request.  Before the coroutine is spawned, blk_aio_prwv() increases
->
-> > 'in_flight' counter for Blk.  Then blk_co_do_preadv_part() (frame #5) is
->
-> > trying to acquire the read lock.  But main thread isn't releasing the
->
-> > lock as blk_root_drained_poll() returns true since blk->in_flight > 0.
->
-> > Here's the deadlock.
->
-> >
->
-> > Any comments and suggestions on the subject are welcomed.  Thanks!
->
-> I think this is what the blk_wait_while_drained() call was supposed to
->
-> address in blk_co_do_preadv_part(). However, with the use of multiple
->
-> I/O threads, this is racy.
->
->
->
-> Do you think that in your case we hit the small race window between the
->
-> checks in blk_wait_while_drained() and GRAPH_RDLOCK_GUARD()? Or is there
->
-> another reason why blk_wait_while_drained() didn't do its job?
->
->
->
-At my opinion there is very big race window. Main thread has
->
-eaten graph write lock. After that another coroutine is stalled
->
-within GRAPH_RDLOCK_GUARD() as there is no drain at the moment and only
->
-after that main thread has started drain.
-You're right, I confused taking the write lock with draining there.
-
->
-That is why Fiona's idea is looking working. Though this would mean
->
-that normally we should always do that at the moment when we acquire
->
-write lock. May be even inside this function.
-I actually see now that not all of my graph locking patches were merged.
-At least I did have the thought that bdrv_drained_begin() must be marked
-GRAPH_UNLOCKED because it polls. That means that calling it from inside
-bdrv_try_change_aio_context() is actually forbidden (and that's the part
-I didn't see back then because it doesn't have TSA annotations).
-
-If you refactor the code to move the drain out to before the lock is
-taken, I think you end up with Fiona's patch, except you'll remove the
-forbidden inner drain and add more annotations for some functions and
-clarify the rules around them. I don't know, but I wouldn't be surprised
-if along the process we find other bugs, too.
-
-So Fiona's drain looks right to me, but we should probably approach it
-more systematically.
-
-Kevin
-