Alright, so I'm trying to figure out whether this bug report about jemalloc on Asahi Linux is a user-mode or system-mode issue. Let's break it down. The problem description says that M1 Macs use 16KB pages, but jemalloc builds with 4KB pages by default. This is causing an issue in QEMU. Hmm, I know that page size can affect memory management, so maybe this is related to how the system handles memory at a low level. jemalloc is a memory allocator library. If it's using a different page size than what the system actually uses, that could cause problems. But where does jemalloc operate? It's used by applications, which are typically user-mode processes. However, the page size setting might be related to how the kernel manages memory. QEMU is an emulator, and if it's experiencing issues with memory allocation due to incorrect page sizes, that might mean it's a system-level problem because it's interacting with hardware resources like memory pages managed by the OS. Wait, but jemalloc configurations can sometimes be adjusted at runtime or compile-time. If the default configuration isn't compatible with the system's actual page size (16KB), maybe it's a user-mode issue if the application doesn't handle that correctly. However, since it's specifically about page sizes which are kernel-level attributes, this might fall under system-mode because it involves how the OS handles memory. Also, Asahi Linux is running on M1 Macs, which have specific hardware considerations. So if jemalloc isn't configured properly for these systems, it could be a system-mode issue as it relates to the OS's configuration or compatibility with the hardware. system