i386: 0.981 boot: 0.949 assembly: 0.936 graphic: 0.838 files: 0.836 device: 0.835 debug: 0.799 performance: 0.793 architecture: 0.771 mistranslation: 0.735 semantic: 0.733 kernel: 0.730 virtual: 0.649 peripherals: 0.618 vnc: 0.618 socket: 0.608 arm: 0.592 PID: 0.573 permissions: 0.543 register: 0.529 ppc: 0.506 network: 0.474 hypervisor: 0.430 risc-v: 0.411 VMM: 0.409 user-level: 0.391 TCG: 0.342 x86: 0.325 KVM: 0.265 int 0x10 teletype output cuts final character in custom MBR on QEMU (i386 real mode) Description of problem: When using QEMU to test a custom bootloader in 16-bit real mode (i386), the BIOS interrupt `int 0x10` with AH=0x0E (teletype output) fails to display the last character of the printed message. For example, printing `"hello"` only renders `"hell"`. This happens only with this exact combination: real mode `int 0x10` teletype output message ends with `13, 10, 0` `QEMU` output cuts off the last character consistently All buffer and code logic has been verified to be correct. The same code, when run on Bochs or physical hardware, prints properly. Steps to reproduce: 1.Assemble the following boot.asm: ```nasm [org 0x7C00] [BITS 16] _start: cli xor ax, ax mov ds, ax mov es, ax mov ss, ax mov sp, 0x7C00 mov si, msg call print hlt jmp $ print: pusha .loop: lodsb or al, al jz .done mov ah, 0x0E int 0x10 jmp .loop .done: popa ret msg db 'hello', 13, 10, 0 times 510 - ($ - $$) db 0 dw 0xAA55 ``` 2. Compile and run: ```bash $ nasm -f bin boot.asm -o boot.img $ qemu-system-i386 -nographic -boot a -drive format=raw,file=boot.img,index=0,if=floppy ``` 3. Output will be: ```text Booting from Floppy... hell ``` Expected output: ```text Booting from Floppy... hello ``` Additional information: - Adding padding (extra 13, 10) does not solve the problem. - Confirmed that boot.img includes all bytes (xxd dump is correct). - Tested on multiple machines with same QEMU version. - May relate to VGA character output buffer not flushing after last INT 0x10? - This makes QEMU inaccurate for BIOS-level debugging of bootloaders.