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+<think>
+Alright, I'm trying to figure out why my QEMU setup is giving me a permission denied error when using vfio-pci with a specific device. Let's go through the problem step by step.
+
+First, from the user's message, they're seeing an error in QEMU: "qemu-system-x86_64: -device vfio-pci,...: vfio 0000:00:02.2: error getting device from group 14: Permission denied". The dmesg log shows "vfio-pci 0000:00:02.2: VF token required to access device", which indicates that the virtualization is trying to access a device that requires a VF (Virtual Function) token but isn't receiving it.
+
+The user mentioned they've blacklisted several kernel modules and loaded vfio-related ones, including vfio-pci. They also set certain kernel arguments like intel_iommu=on and split_lock_detect=off, which are necessary for IOMMU setup and SR-IOV (Single Root I/O Virtualization) support.
+
+They tried running a test script (test.sh), but it resulted in the error. The user pointed out that QEMU doesn't seem to accept any CLI argument to pass the VF token, which is required for accessing such devices. They referenced a conversation where someone else had the same issue and suggested that something needs to be sorted with the QEMU community.
+
+Looking into this, I recall that when using SR-IOV, each_VF requires a token to be passed from the host to the guest. This is because VF tokens allow the hypervisor (in this case, QEMU) to access certain resources on behalf of the virtual machine. Without this token, the device can't be accessed properly.
+
+I check the QEMU documentation and realize that there's no option in the vfio-pci device configuration to specify a VF token directly via the command line. This is likely why the user is encountering the error; they're trying to use a feature that isn't yet supported or documented in QEMU.
+
+The user provided some additional resources, including patches for DPDK and an HP documentation link. These suggest that other projects have implemented support for passing VF tokens, which implies that the kernel may already support it but QEMU doesn't have the necessary configuration option.
+
+I consider possible workarounds. One approach is to use a different hypervisor like KVM with Virtio or another paravirtualization method, but the user seems set on using QEMU. Another thought is patching QEMU to add support for VF tokens in the vfio-pci device configuration. However, that's beyond my current capabilities.
+
+Alternatively, perhaps the issue lies in how the vfio-pci module is being configured. Maybe there are additional kernel parameters or module options needed to properly expose the VF token to QEMU. I look into the kernel arguments and see that they've set vfio-pci.enable_sriov=1 and specified vfio-pci.ids, which should enable SR-IOV for those devices.
+
+I also think about whether the VF is correctly exposed as a separate function. In some cases, manually binding the PF (Physical Function) or VF to vfio-pci might be necessary. Maybe using echo commands to bind the device to vfio-pci could help, but I'm not sure how that would interact with QEMU's configuration.
+
+Another angle is checking if the VF token can be passed through another means, like via a kernel module parameter or a special file in /dev. But without knowing where exactly this token is exposed, it's hard to proceed.
+
+I realize that since QEMU doesn't support passing VF tokens yet, the user might need to raise a bug report with the QEMU community or look for existing patches that could be applied. They might also want to check if their distribution has any backported versions of QEMU that include this feature.
+
+In summary, the main issue is the lack of support in QEMU for specifying VF tokens when configuring vfio-pci devices. To resolve this, the user needs to either find a way to pass the token without CLI options (if possible) or wait for QEMU to implement this feature.
+</think>
+
+The error you're encountering with QEMU and vfio-pci is due to the lack of support in passing VF tokens through QEMU's command-line interface. Here's how you can approach resolving it:
+
+### Step-by-Step Explanation:
+
+1. **Understand the Issue:**
+   - The VF token is required for accessing certain devices under SR-IOV, but QEMU doesn't currently support specifying this token via CLI.
+
+2. **Check Kernel and Module Configuration:**
+   - Ensure that `vfio-pci` is correctly loaded and that the relevant kernel parameters (like `intel_iommu=on` and `vfio-pci.enable_sriov=1`) are set.
+   - Verify that your kernel version supports VF token handling. If it's outdated, consider updating.
+
+3. **Alternative Approaches:**
+   - **Use a Different Hypervisor:** Consider using KVM or another hypervisor that may have better support for SR-IOV and VF tokens.
+   - **Patch QEMU:** Look for existing patches or contribute to the QEMU project to add VF token support in vfio-pci.
+
+4. **Workaround (if possible):**
+   - Some users have success by manually binding devices to vfio-pci using `echo` commands, though this may bypass QEMU's usual configuration methods.
+   - Check if the VF is correctly exposed and accessible via `/dev/vfio/` or similar interfaces.
+
+5. **Raise Awareness:**
+   - Report the issue to the QEMU community (e.g., mailing lists or forums) to highlight the need for support, possibly linking relevant patches or discussions from other projects like DPDK.
+
+6. **Monitor Updates:**
+   - Keep an eye on updates to QEMU and related projects where VF token handling might be implemented in future releases.
+
+### Conclusion:
+
+The primary solution is to advocate for and contribute to enhancing QEMU's vfio-pci support by adding the ability to specify VF tokens via CLI. Until this feature is available, consider alternative hypervisors or explore other configurations that bypass the current limitation.
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