Merge remote-tracking branch 'remotes/awilliam/tags/vfio-update-20141222.0' into staging

VFIO updates:
- Conversion to tracepoints (Eric Auger)
- Fix memory listener address space (Frank Blaschka)
- Move to hw/vfio/ and split common vs pci (Eric Auger & Kim Phillips)
- Trivial error_report() fixes (Alex Williamson)

In addition to enabling S390 with the address space fix and updating
to use tracepoints rather than compile time debug, this set of patches
moves hw/misc/vfio.c to hw/vfio/ and paves the way for vfio-platform
support by splitting common functionality from PCI specific code.

# gpg: Signature made Mon 22 Dec 2014 20:19:43 GMT using RSA key ID 3BB08B22
# gpg: Good signature from "Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>"
# gpg:                 aka "Alex Williamson <alex@shazbot.org>"
# gpg:                 aka "Alex Williamson <alwillia@redhat.com>"
# gpg:                 aka "Alex Williamson <alex.l.williamson@gmail.com>"

* remotes/awilliam/tags/vfio-update-20141222.0:
  vfio: Cleanup error_report()s
  hw/vfio: create common module
  hw/vfio/pci: use name field in format strings
  hw/vfio/pci: rename group_list into vfio_group_list
  hw/vfio/pci: split vfio_get_device
  hw/vfio/pci: Introduce VFIORegion
  hw/vfio/pci: handle reset at VFIODevice
  hw/vfio/pci: add type, name and group fields in VFIODevice
  hw/vfio/pci: introduce minimalist VFIODevice with fd
  hw/vfio/pci: generalize mask/unmask to any IRQ index
  hw/vfio/pci: Rename VFIODevice into VFIOPCIDevice
  vfio: move hw/misc/vfio.c to hw/vfio/pci.c Move vfio.h into include/hw/vfio
  vfio: fix adding memory listener to the right address space
  vfio: migration to trace points

Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>

11 files changed, 1546 insertions, 1380 deletions

diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE
index da70e94932..0e0b4b9553 100644
--- a/LICENSE
+++ b/LICENSE
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ option) any later version.
 
 As of July 2013, contributions under version 2 of the GNU General Public
 License (and no later version) are only accepted for the following files
-or directories: bsd-user/, linux-user/, hw/misc/vfio.c, hw/xen/xen_pt*.
+or directories: bsd-user/, linux-user/, hw/vfio/, hw/xen/xen_pt*.
 
 3) The Tiny Code Generator (TCG) is released under the BSD license
    (see license headers in files).
diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index d72d6e37d0..01cfb05b76 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ F: hw/usb/dev-serial.c
 VFIO
 M: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
 S: Supported
-F: hw/misc/vfio.c
+F: hw/vfio/*
 
 vhost
 M: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
diff --git a/hw/Makefile.objs b/hw/Makefile.objs
index 52a1464051..73afa41b32 100644
--- a/hw/Makefile.objs
+++ b/hw/Makefile.objs
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ devices-dirs-$(CONFIG_SOFTMMU) += ssi/
 devices-dirs-$(CONFIG_SOFTMMU) += timer/
 devices-dirs-$(CONFIG_TPM) += tpm/
 devices-dirs-$(CONFIG_SOFTMMU) += usb/
+devices-dirs-$(CONFIG_SOFTMMU) += vfio/
 devices-dirs-$(CONFIG_VIRTIO) += virtio/
 devices-dirs-$(CONFIG_SOFTMMU) += watchdog/
 devices-dirs-$(CONFIG_SOFTMMU) += xen/
diff --git a/hw/misc/Makefile.objs b/hw/misc/Makefile.objs
index 979e532fdf..e47fea8530 100644
--- a/hw/misc/Makefile.objs
+++ b/hw/misc/Makefile.objs
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ common-obj-$(CONFIG_MACIO) += macio/
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_PCI), y)
 obj-$(CONFIG_KVM) += ivshmem.o
-obj-$(CONFIG_LINUX) += vfio.o
 endif
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_REALVIEW) += arm_sysctl.o
diff --git a/hw/ppc/spapr_pci_vfio.c b/hw/ppc/spapr_pci_vfio.c
index d3bddf2887..144912bf54 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/spapr_pci_vfio.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/spapr_pci_vfio.c
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 #include "hw/ppc/spapr.h"
 #include "hw/pci-host/spapr.h"
 #include "linux/vfio.h"
-#include "hw/misc/vfio.h"
+#include "hw/vfio/vfio.h"
 
 static Property spapr_phb_vfio_properties[] = {
     DEFINE_PROP_INT32("iommu", sPAPRPHBVFIOState, iommugroupid, -1),
diff --git a/hw/vfio/Makefile.objs b/hw/vfio/Makefile.objs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e31f30ec09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw/vfio/Makefile.objs
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+ifeq ($(CONFIG_LINUX), y)
+obj-$(CONFIG_SOFTMMU) += common.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_PCI) += pci.o
+endif
diff --git a/hw/vfio/common.c b/hw/vfio/common.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf483fffa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw/vfio/common.c
@@ -0,0 +1,959 @@
+/*
+ * generic functions used by VFIO devices
+ *
+ * Copyright Red Hat, Inc. 2012
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *  Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.  See
+ * the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ *
+ * Based on qemu-kvm device-assignment:
+ *  Adapted for KVM by Qumranet.
+ *  Copyright (c) 2007, Neocleus, Alex Novik (alex@neocleus.com)
+ *  Copyright (c) 2007, Neocleus, Guy Zana (guy@neocleus.com)
+ *  Copyright (C) 2008, Qumranet, Amit Shah (amit.shah@qumranet.com)
+ *  Copyright (C) 2008, Red Hat, Amit Shah (amit.shah@redhat.com)
+ *  Copyright (C) 2008, IBM, Muli Ben-Yehuda (muli@il.ibm.com)
+ */
+
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <linux/vfio.h>
+
+#include "hw/vfio/vfio-common.h"
+#include "hw/vfio/vfio.h"
+#include "exec/address-spaces.h"
+#include "exec/memory.h"
+#include "hw/hw.h"
+#include "qemu/error-report.h"
+#include "sysemu/kvm.h"
+#include "trace.h"
+
+struct vfio_group_head vfio_group_list =
+    QLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(vfio_address_spaces);
+struct vfio_as_head vfio_address_spaces =
+    QLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(vfio_address_spaces);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_KVM
+/*
+ * We have a single VFIO pseudo device per KVM VM.  Once created it lives
+ * for the life of the VM.  Closing the file descriptor only drops our
+ * reference to it and the device's reference to kvm.  Therefore once
+ * initialized, this file descriptor is only released on QEMU exit and
+ * we'll re-use it should another vfio device be attached before then.
+ */
+static int vfio_kvm_device_fd = -1;
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Common VFIO interrupt disable
+ */
+void vfio_disable_irqindex(VFIODevice *vbasedev, int index)
+{
+    struct vfio_irq_set irq_set = {
+        .argsz = sizeof(irq_set),
+        .flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_NONE | VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_TRIGGER,
+        .index = index,
+        .start = 0,
+        .count = 0,
+    };
+
+    ioctl(vbasedev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, &irq_set);
+}
+
+void vfio_unmask_single_irqindex(VFIODevice *vbasedev, int index)
+{
+    struct vfio_irq_set irq_set = {
+        .argsz = sizeof(irq_set),
+        .flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_NONE | VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_UNMASK,
+        .index = index,
+        .start = 0,
+        .count = 1,
+    };
+
+    ioctl(vbasedev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, &irq_set);
+}
+
+void vfio_mask_single_irqindex(VFIODevice *vbasedev, int index)
+{
+    struct vfio_irq_set irq_set = {
+        .argsz = sizeof(irq_set),
+        .flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_NONE | VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_MASK,
+        .index = index,
+        .start = 0,
+        .count = 1,
+    };
+
+    ioctl(vbasedev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, &irq_set);
+}
+
+/*
+ * IO Port/MMIO - Beware of the endians, VFIO is always little endian
+ */
+void vfio_region_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
+                       uint64_t data, unsigned size)
+{
+    VFIORegion *region = opaque;
+    VFIODevice *vbasedev = region->vbasedev;
+    union {
+        uint8_t byte;
+        uint16_t word;
+        uint32_t dword;
+        uint64_t qword;
+    } buf;
+
+    switch (size) {
+    case 1:
+        buf.byte = data;
+        break;
+    case 2:
+        buf.word = cpu_to_le16(data);
+        break;
+    case 4:
+        buf.dword = cpu_to_le32(data);
+        break;
+    default:
+        hw_error("vfio: unsupported write size, %d bytes", size);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if (pwrite(vbasedev->fd, &buf, size, region->fd_offset + addr) != size) {
+        error_report("%s(%s:region%d+0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", 0x%"PRIx64
+                     ",%d) failed: %m",
+                     __func__, vbasedev->name, region->nr,
+                     addr, data, size);
+    }
+
+    trace_vfio_region_write(vbasedev->name, region->nr, addr, data, size);
+
+    /*
+     * A read or write to a BAR always signals an INTx EOI.  This will
+     * do nothing if not pending (including not in INTx mode).  We assume
+     * that a BAR access is in response to an interrupt and that BAR
+     * accesses will service the interrupt.  Unfortunately, we don't know
+     * which access will service the interrupt, so we're potentially
+     * getting quite a few host interrupts per guest interrupt.
+     */
+    vbasedev->ops->vfio_eoi(vbasedev);
+}
+
+uint64_t vfio_region_read(void *opaque,
+                          hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
+{
+    VFIORegion *region = opaque;
+    VFIODevice *vbasedev = region->vbasedev;
+    union {
+        uint8_t byte;
+        uint16_t word;
+        uint32_t dword;
+        uint64_t qword;
+    } buf;
+    uint64_t data = 0;
+
+    if (pread(vbasedev->fd, &buf, size, region->fd_offset + addr) != size) {
+        error_report("%s(%s:region%d+0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %d) failed: %m",
+                     __func__, vbasedev->name, region->nr,
+                     addr, size);
+        return (uint64_t)-1;
+    }
+    switch (size) {
+    case 1:
+        data = buf.byte;
+        break;
+    case 2:
+        data = le16_to_cpu(buf.word);
+        break;
+    case 4:
+        data = le32_to_cpu(buf.dword);
+        break;
+    default:
+        hw_error("vfio: unsupported read size, %d bytes", size);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    trace_vfio_region_read(vbasedev->name, region->nr, addr, size, data);
+
+    /* Same as write above */
+    vbasedev->ops->vfio_eoi(vbasedev);
+
+    return data;
+}
+
+const MemoryRegionOps vfio_region_ops = {
+    .read = vfio_region_read,
+    .write = vfio_region_write,
+    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
+};
+
+/*
+ * DMA - Mapping and unmapping for the "type1" IOMMU interface used on x86
+ */
+static int vfio_dma_unmap(VFIOContainer *container,
+                          hwaddr iova, ram_addr_t size)
+{
+    struct vfio_iommu_type1_dma_unmap unmap = {
+        .argsz = sizeof(unmap),
+        .flags = 0,
+        .iova = iova,
+        .size = size,
+    };
+
+    if (ioctl(container->fd, VFIO_IOMMU_UNMAP_DMA, &unmap)) {
+        error_report("VFIO_UNMAP_DMA: %d\n", -errno);
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int vfio_dma_map(VFIOContainer *container, hwaddr iova,
+                        ram_addr_t size, void *vaddr, bool readonly)
+{
+    struct vfio_iommu_type1_dma_map map = {
+        .argsz = sizeof(map),
+        .flags = VFIO_DMA_MAP_FLAG_READ,
+        .vaddr = (__u64)(uintptr_t)vaddr,
+        .iova = iova,
+        .size = size,
+    };
+
+    if (!readonly) {
+        map.flags |= VFIO_DMA_MAP_FLAG_WRITE;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Try the mapping, if it fails with EBUSY, unmap the region and try
+     * again.  This shouldn't be necessary, but we sometimes see it in
+     * the the VGA ROM space.
+     */
+    if (ioctl(container->fd, VFIO_IOMMU_MAP_DMA, &map) == 0 ||
+        (errno == EBUSY && vfio_dma_unmap(container, iova, size) == 0 &&
+         ioctl(container->fd, VFIO_IOMMU_MAP_DMA, &map) == 0)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    error_report("VFIO_MAP_DMA: %d\n", -errno);
+    return -errno;
+}
+
+static bool vfio_listener_skipped_section(MemoryRegionSection *section)
+{
+    return (!memory_region_is_ram(section->mr) &&
+            !memory_region_is_iommu(section->mr)) ||
+           /*
+            * Sizing an enabled 64-bit BAR can cause spurious mappings to
+            * addresses in the upper part of the 64-bit address space.  These
+            * are never accessed by the CPU and beyond the address width of
+            * some IOMMU hardware.  TODO: VFIO should tell us the IOMMU width.
+            */
+           section->offset_within_address_space & (1ULL << 63);
+}
+
+static void vfio_iommu_map_notify(Notifier *n, void *data)
+{
+    VFIOGuestIOMMU *giommu = container_of(n, VFIOGuestIOMMU, n);
+    VFIOContainer *container = giommu->container;
+    IOMMUTLBEntry *iotlb = data;
+    MemoryRegion *mr;
+    hwaddr xlat;
+    hwaddr len = iotlb->addr_mask + 1;
+    void *vaddr;
+    int ret;
+
+    trace_vfio_iommu_map_notify(iotlb->iova,
+                                iotlb->iova + iotlb->addr_mask);
+
+    /*
+     * The IOMMU TLB entry we have just covers translation through
+     * this IOMMU to its immediate target.  We need to translate
+     * it the rest of the way through to memory.
+     */
+    mr = address_space_translate(&address_space_memory,
+                                 iotlb->translated_addr,
+                                 &xlat, &len, iotlb->perm & IOMMU_WO);
+    if (!memory_region_is_ram(mr)) {
+        error_report("iommu map to non memory area %"HWADDR_PRIx"\n",
+                     xlat);
+        return;
+    }
+    /*
+     * Translation truncates length to the IOMMU page size,
+     * check that it did not truncate too much.
+     */
+    if (len & iotlb->addr_mask) {
+        error_report("iommu has granularity incompatible with target AS\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if ((iotlb->perm & IOMMU_RW) != IOMMU_NONE) {
+        vaddr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(mr) + xlat;
+        ret = vfio_dma_map(container, iotlb->iova,
+                           iotlb->addr_mask + 1, vaddr,
+                           !(iotlb->perm & IOMMU_WO) || mr->readonly);
+        if (ret) {
+            error_report("vfio_dma_map(%p, 0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", "
+                         "0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %p) = %d (%m)",
+                         container, iotlb->iova,
+                         iotlb->addr_mask + 1, vaddr, ret);
+        }
+    } else {
+        ret = vfio_dma_unmap(container, iotlb->iova, iotlb->addr_mask + 1);
+        if (ret) {
+            error_report("vfio_dma_unmap(%p, 0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", "
+                         "0x%"HWADDR_PRIx") = %d (%m)",
+                         container, iotlb->iova,
+                         iotlb->addr_mask + 1, ret);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void vfio_listener_region_add(MemoryListener *listener,
+                                     MemoryRegionSection *section)
+{
+    VFIOContainer *container = container_of(listener, VFIOContainer,
+                                            iommu_data.type1.listener);
+    hwaddr iova, end;
+    Int128 llend;
+    void *vaddr;
+    int ret;
+
+    if (vfio_listener_skipped_section(section)) {
+        trace_vfio_listener_region_add_skip(
+                section->offset_within_address_space,
+                section->offset_within_address_space +
+                int128_get64(int128_sub(section->size, int128_one())));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (unlikely((section->offset_within_address_space & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK) !=
+                 (section->offset_within_region & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK))) {
+        error_report("%s received unaligned region", __func__);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    iova = TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(section->offset_within_address_space);
+    llend = int128_make64(section->offset_within_address_space);
+    llend = int128_add(llend, section->size);
+    llend = int128_and(llend, int128_exts64(TARGET_PAGE_MASK));
+
+    if (int128_ge(int128_make64(iova), llend)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    memory_region_ref(section->mr);
+
+    if (memory_region_is_iommu(section->mr)) {
+        VFIOGuestIOMMU *giommu;
+
+        trace_vfio_listener_region_add_iommu(iova,
+                    int128_get64(int128_sub(llend, int128_one())));
+        /*
+         * FIXME: We should do some checking to see if the
+         * capabilities of the host VFIO IOMMU are adequate to model
+         * the guest IOMMU
+         *
+         * FIXME: For VFIO iommu types which have KVM acceleration to
+         * avoid bouncing all map/unmaps through qemu this way, this
+         * would be the right place to wire that up (tell the KVM
+         * device emulation the VFIO iommu handles to use).
+         */
+        /*
+         * This assumes that the guest IOMMU is empty of
+         * mappings at this point.
+         *
+         * One way of doing this is:
+         * 1. Avoid sharing IOMMUs between emulated devices or different
+         * IOMMU groups.
+         * 2. Implement VFIO_IOMMU_ENABLE in the host kernel to fail if
+         * there are some mappings in IOMMU.
+         *
+         * VFIO on SPAPR does that. Other IOMMU models may do that different,
+         * they must make sure there are no existing mappings or
+         * loop through existing mappings to map them into VFIO.
+         */
+        giommu = g_malloc0(sizeof(*giommu));
+        giommu->iommu = section->mr;
+        giommu->container = container;
+        giommu->n.notify = vfio_iommu_map_notify;
+        QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&container->giommu_list, giommu, giommu_next);
+        memory_region_register_iommu_notifier(giommu->iommu, &giommu->n);
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Here we assume that memory_region_is_ram(section->mr)==true */
+
+    end = int128_get64(llend);
+    vaddr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(section->mr) +
+            section->offset_within_region +
+            (iova - section->offset_within_address_space);
+
+    trace_vfio_listener_region_add_ram(iova, end - 1, vaddr);
+
+    ret = vfio_dma_map(container, iova, end - iova, vaddr, section->readonly);
+    if (ret) {
+        error_report("vfio_dma_map(%p, 0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", "
+                     "0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %p) = %d (%m)",
+                     container, iova, end - iova, vaddr, ret);
+
+        /*
+         * On the initfn path, store the first error in the container so we
+         * can gracefully fail.  Runtime, there's not much we can do other
+         * than throw a hardware error.
+         */
+        if (!container->iommu_data.type1.initialized) {
+            if (!container->iommu_data.type1.error) {
+                container->iommu_data.type1.error = ret;
+            }
+        } else {
+            hw_error("vfio: DMA mapping failed, unable to continue");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void vfio_listener_region_del(MemoryListener *listener,
+                                     MemoryRegionSection *section)
+{
+    VFIOContainer *container = container_of(listener, VFIOContainer,
+                                            iommu_data.type1.listener);
+    hwaddr iova, end;
+    int ret;
+
+    if (vfio_listener_skipped_section(section)) {
+        trace_vfio_listener_region_del_skip(
+                section->offset_within_address_space,
+                section->offset_within_address_space +
+                int128_get64(int128_sub(section->size, int128_one())));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (unlikely((section->offset_within_address_space & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK) !=
+                 (section->offset_within_region & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK))) {
+        error_report("%s received unaligned region", __func__);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (memory_region_is_iommu(section->mr)) {
+        VFIOGuestIOMMU *giommu;
+
+        QLIST_FOREACH(giommu, &container->giommu_list, giommu_next) {
+            if (giommu->iommu == section->mr) {
+                memory_region_unregister_iommu_notifier(&giommu->n);
+                QLIST_REMOVE(giommu, giommu_next);
+                g_free(giommu);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * FIXME: We assume the one big unmap below is adequate to
+         * remove any individual page mappings in the IOMMU which
+         * might have been copied into VFIO. This works for a page table
+         * based IOMMU where a big unmap flattens a large range of IO-PTEs.
+         * That may not be true for all IOMMU types.
+         */
+    }
+
+    iova = TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(section->offset_within_address_space);
+    end = (section->offset_within_address_space + int128_get64(section->size)) &
+          TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
+
+    if (iova >= end) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    trace_vfio_listener_region_del(iova, end - 1);
+
+    ret = vfio_dma_unmap(container, iova, end - iova);
+    memory_region_unref(section->mr);
+    if (ret) {
+        error_report("vfio_dma_unmap(%p, 0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", "
+                     "0x%"HWADDR_PRIx") = %d (%m)",
+                     container, iova, end - iova, ret);
+    }
+}
+
+const MemoryListener vfio_memory_listener = {
+    .region_add = vfio_listener_region_add,
+    .region_del = vfio_listener_region_del,
+};
+
+void vfio_listener_release(VFIOContainer *container)
+{
+    memory_listener_unregister(&container->iommu_data.type1.listener);
+}
+
+int vfio_mmap_region(Object *obj, VFIORegion *region,
+                     MemoryRegion *mem, MemoryRegion *submem,
+                     void **map, size_t size, off_t offset,
+                     const char *name)
+{
+    int ret = 0;
+    VFIODevice *vbasedev = region->vbasedev;
+
+    if (VFIO_ALLOW_MMAP && size && region->flags &
+        VFIO_REGION_INFO_FLAG_MMAP) {
+        int prot = 0;
+
+        if (region->flags & VFIO_REGION_INFO_FLAG_READ) {
+            prot |= PROT_READ;
+        }
+
+        if (region->flags & VFIO_REGION_INFO_FLAG_WRITE) {
+            prot |= PROT_WRITE;
+        }
+
+        *map = mmap(NULL, size, prot, MAP_SHARED,
+                    vbasedev->fd,
+                    region->fd_offset + offset);
+        if (*map == MAP_FAILED) {
+            *map = NULL;
+            ret = -errno;
+            goto empty_region;
+        }
+
+        memory_region_init_ram_ptr(submem, obj, name, size, *map);
+        memory_region_set_skip_dump(submem);
+    } else {
+empty_region:
+        /* Create a zero sized sub-region to make cleanup easy. */
+        memory_region_init(submem, obj, name, 0);
+    }
+
+    memory_region_add_subregion(mem, offset, submem);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+void vfio_reset_handler(void *opaque)
+{
+    VFIOGroup *group;
+    VFIODevice *vbasedev;
+
+    QLIST_FOREACH(group, &vfio_group_list, next) {
+        QLIST_FOREACH(vbasedev, &group->device_list, next) {
+            vbasedev->ops->vfio_compute_needs_reset(vbasedev);
+        }
+    }
+
+    QLIST_FOREACH(group, &vfio_group_list, next) {
+        QLIST_FOREACH(vbasedev, &group->device_list, next) {
+            if (vbasedev->needs_reset) {
+                vbasedev->ops->vfio_hot_reset_multi(vbasedev);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void vfio_kvm_device_add_group(VFIOGroup *group)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_KVM
+    struct kvm_device_attr attr = {
+        .group = KVM_DEV_VFIO_GROUP,
+        .attr = KVM_DEV_VFIO_GROUP_ADD,
+        .addr = (uint64_t)(unsigned long)&group->fd,
+    };
+
+    if (!kvm_enabled()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (vfio_kvm_device_fd < 0) {
+        struct kvm_create_device cd = {
+            .type = KVM_DEV_TYPE_VFIO,
+        };
+
+        if (kvm_vm_ioctl(kvm_state, KVM_CREATE_DEVICE, &cd)) {
+            error_report("Failed to create KVM VFIO device: %m\n");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        vfio_kvm_device_fd = cd.fd;
+    }
+
+    if (ioctl(vfio_kvm_device_fd, KVM_SET_DEVICE_ATTR, &attr)) {
+        error_report("Failed to add group %d to KVM VFIO device: %m",
+                     group->groupid);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+static void vfio_kvm_device_del_group(VFIOGroup *group)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_KVM
+    struct kvm_device_attr attr = {
+        .group = KVM_DEV_VFIO_GROUP,
+        .attr = KVM_DEV_VFIO_GROUP_DEL,
+        .addr = (uint64_t)(unsigned long)&group->fd,
+    };
+
+    if (vfio_kvm_device_fd < 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (ioctl(vfio_kvm_device_fd, KVM_SET_DEVICE_ATTR, &attr)) {
+        error_report("Failed to remove group %d from KVM VFIO device: %m",
+                     group->groupid);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+static VFIOAddressSpace *vfio_get_address_space(AddressSpace *as)
+{
+    VFIOAddressSpace *space;
+
+    QLIST_FOREACH(space, &vfio_address_spaces, list) {
+        if (space->as == as) {
+            return space;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* No suitable VFIOAddressSpace, create a new one */
+    space = g_malloc0(sizeof(*space));
+    space->as = as;
+    QLIST_INIT(&space->containers);
+
+    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vfio_address_spaces, space, list);
+
+    return space;
+}
+
+static void vfio_put_address_space(VFIOAddressSpace *space)
+{
+    if (QLIST_EMPTY(&space->containers)) {
+        QLIST_REMOVE(space, list);
+        g_free(space);
+    }
+}
+
+static int vfio_connect_container(VFIOGroup *group, AddressSpace *as)
+{
+    VFIOContainer *container;
+    int ret, fd;
+    VFIOAddressSpace *space;
+
+    space = vfio_get_address_space(as);
+
+    QLIST_FOREACH(container, &space->containers, next) {
+        if (!ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_SET_CONTAINER, &container->fd)) {
+            group->container = container;
+            QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&container->group_list, group, container_next);
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    fd = qemu_open("/dev/vfio/vfio", O_RDWR);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        error_report("vfio: failed to open /dev/vfio/vfio: %m");
+        ret = -errno;
+        goto put_space_exit;
+    }
+
+    ret = ioctl(fd, VFIO_GET_API_VERSION);
+    if (ret != VFIO_API_VERSION) {
+        error_report("vfio: supported vfio version: %d, "
+                     "reported version: %d", VFIO_API_VERSION, ret);
+        ret = -EINVAL;
+        goto close_fd_exit;
+    }
+
+    container = g_malloc0(sizeof(*container));
+    container->space = space;
+    container->fd = fd;
+    if (ioctl(fd, VFIO_CHECK_EXTENSION, VFIO_TYPE1_IOMMU)) {
+        ret = ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_SET_CONTAINER, &fd);
+        if (ret) {
+            error_report("vfio: failed to set group container: %m");
+            ret = -errno;
+            goto free_container_exit;
+        }
+
+        ret = ioctl(fd, VFIO_SET_IOMMU, VFIO_TYPE1_IOMMU);
+        if (ret) {
+            error_report("vfio: failed to set iommu for container: %m");
+            ret = -errno;
+            goto free_container_exit;
+        }
+
+        container->iommu_data.type1.listener = vfio_memory_listener;
+        container->iommu_data.release = vfio_listener_release;
+
+        memory_listener_register(&container->iommu_data.type1.listener,
+                                 container->space->as);
+
+        if (container->iommu_data.type1.error) {
+            ret = container->iommu_data.type1.error;
+            error_report("vfio: memory listener initialization failed for container");
+            goto listener_release_exit;
+        }
+
+        container->iommu_data.type1.initialized = true;
+
+    } else if (ioctl(fd, VFIO_CHECK_EXTENSION, VFIO_SPAPR_TCE_IOMMU)) {
+        ret = ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_SET_CONTAINER, &fd);
+        if (ret) {
+            error_report("vfio: failed to set group container: %m");
+            ret = -errno;
+            goto free_container_exit;
+        }
+        ret = ioctl(fd, VFIO_SET_IOMMU, VFIO_SPAPR_TCE_IOMMU);
+        if (ret) {
+            error_report("vfio: failed to set iommu for container: %m");
+            ret = -errno;
+            goto free_container_exit;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * The host kernel code implementing VFIO_IOMMU_DISABLE is called
+         * when container fd is closed so we do not call it explicitly
+         * in this file.
+         */
+        ret = ioctl(fd, VFIO_IOMMU_ENABLE);
+        if (ret) {
+            error_report("vfio: failed to enable container: %m");
+            ret = -errno;
+            goto free_container_exit;
+        }
+
+        container->iommu_data.type1.listener = vfio_memory_listener;
+        container->iommu_data.release = vfio_listener_release;
+
+        memory_listener_register(&container->iommu_data.type1.listener,
+                                 container->space->as);
+
+    } else {
+        error_report("vfio: No available IOMMU models");
+        ret = -EINVAL;
+        goto free_container_exit;
+    }
+
+    QLIST_INIT(&container->group_list);
+    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&space->containers, container, next);
+
+    group->container = container;
+    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&container->group_list, group, container_next);
+
+    return 0;
+listener_release_exit:
+    vfio_listener_release(container);
+
+free_container_exit:
+    g_free(container);
+
+close_fd_exit:
+    close(fd);
+
+put_space_exit:
+    vfio_put_address_space(space);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static void vfio_disconnect_container(VFIOGroup *group)
+{
+    VFIOContainer *container = group->container;
+
+    if (ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_UNSET_CONTAINER, &container->fd)) {
+        error_report("vfio: error disconnecting group %d from container",
+                     group->groupid);
+    }
+
+    QLIST_REMOVE(group, container_next);
+    group->container = NULL;
+
+    if (QLIST_EMPTY(&container->group_list)) {
+        VFIOAddressSpace *space = container->space;
+
+        if (container->iommu_data.release) {
+            container->iommu_data.release(container);
+        }
+        QLIST_REMOVE(container, next);
+        trace_vfio_disconnect_container(container->fd);
+        close(container->fd);
+        g_free(container);
+
+        vfio_put_address_space(space);
+    }
+}
+
+VFIOGroup *vfio_get_group(int groupid, AddressSpace *as)
+{
+    VFIOGroup *group;
+    char path[32];
+    struct vfio_group_status status = { .argsz = sizeof(status) };
+
+    QLIST_FOREACH(group, &vfio_group_list, next) {
+        if (group->groupid == groupid) {
+            /* Found it.  Now is it already in the right context? */
+            if (group->container->space->as == as) {
+                return group;
+            } else {
+                error_report("vfio: group %d used in multiple address spaces",
+                             group->groupid);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    group = g_malloc0(sizeof(*group));
+
+    snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/dev/vfio/%d", groupid);
+    group->fd = qemu_open(path, O_RDWR);
+    if (group->fd < 0) {
+        error_report("vfio: error opening %s: %m", path);
+        goto free_group_exit;
+    }
+
+    if (ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_GET_STATUS, &status)) {
+        error_report("vfio: error getting group status: %m");
+        goto close_fd_exit;
+    }
+
+    if (!(status.flags & VFIO_GROUP_FLAGS_VIABLE)) {
+        error_report("vfio: error, group %d is not viable, please ensure "
+                     "all devices within the iommu_group are bound to their "
+                     "vfio bus driver.", groupid);
+        goto close_fd_exit;
+    }
+
+    group->groupid = groupid;
+    QLIST_INIT(&group->device_list);
+
+    if (vfio_connect_container(group, as)) {
+        error_report("vfio: failed to setup container for group %d", groupid);
+        goto close_fd_exit;
+    }
+
+    if (QLIST_EMPTY(&vfio_group_list)) {
+        qemu_register_reset(vfio_reset_handler, NULL);
+    }
+
+    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vfio_group_list, group, next);
+
+    vfio_kvm_device_add_group(group);
+
+    return group;
+
+close_fd_exit:
+    close(group->fd);
+
+free_group_exit:
+    g_free(group);
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+void vfio_put_group(VFIOGroup *group)
+{
+    if (!QLIST_EMPTY(&group->device_list)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    vfio_kvm_device_del_group(group);
+    vfio_disconnect_container(group);
+    QLIST_REMOVE(group, next);
+    trace_vfio_put_group(group->fd);
+    close(group->fd);
+    g_free(group);
+
+    if (QLIST_EMPTY(&vfio_group_list)) {
+        qemu_unregister_reset(vfio_reset_handler, NULL);
+    }
+}
+
+int vfio_get_device(VFIOGroup *group, const char *name,
+                       VFIODevice *vbasedev)
+{
+    struct vfio_device_info dev_info = { .argsz = sizeof(dev_info) };
+    int ret;
+
+    ret = ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_GET_DEVICE_FD, name);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        error_report("vfio: error getting device %s from group %d: %m",
+                     name, group->groupid);
+        error_printf("Verify all devices in group %d are bound to vfio-<bus> "
+                     "or pci-stub and not already in use\n", group->groupid);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    vbasedev->fd = ret;
+    vbasedev->group = group;
+    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&group->device_list, vbasedev, next);
+
+    ret = ioctl(vbasedev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_INFO, &dev_info);
+    if (ret) {
+        error_report("vfio: error getting device info: %m");
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    vbasedev->num_irqs = dev_info.num_irqs;
+    vbasedev->num_regions = dev_info.num_regions;
+    vbasedev->flags = dev_info.flags;
+
+    trace_vfio_get_device(name, dev_info.flags, dev_info.num_regions,
+                          dev_info.num_irqs);
+
+    vbasedev->reset_works = !!(dev_info.flags & VFIO_DEVICE_FLAGS_RESET);
+
+    ret = vbasedev->ops->vfio_populate_device(vbasedev);
+
+error:
+    if (ret) {
+        vfio_put_base_device(vbasedev);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+void vfio_put_base_device(VFIODevice *vbasedev)
+{
+    QLIST_REMOVE(vbasedev, next);
+    vbasedev->group = NULL;
+    trace_vfio_put_base_device(vbasedev->fd);
+    close(vbasedev->fd);
+}
+
+static int vfio_container_do_ioctl(AddressSpace *as, int32_t groupid,
+                                   int req, void *param)
+{
+    VFIOGroup *group;
+    VFIOContainer *container;
+    int ret = -1;
+
+    group = vfio_get_group(groupid, as);
+    if (!group) {
+        error_report("vfio: group %d not registered", groupid);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    container = group->container;
+    if (group->container) {
+        ret = ioctl(container->fd, req, param);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            error_report("vfio: failed to ioctl container: ret=%d, %s",
+                         ret, strerror(errno));
+        }
+    }
+
+    vfio_put_group(group);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+int vfio_container_ioctl(AddressSpace *as, int32_t groupid,
+                         int req, void *param)
+{
+    /* We allow only certain ioctls to the container */
+    switch (req) {
+    case VFIO_CHECK_EXTENSION:
+    case VFIO_IOMMU_SPAPR_TCE_GET_INFO:
+        break;
+    default:
+        /* Return an error on unknown requests */
+        error_report("vfio: unsupported ioctl %X", req);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return vfio_container_do_ioctl(as, groupid, req, param);
+}
diff --git a/hw/misc/vfio.c b/hw/vfio/pci.c
index a315c3acdc..b4e73d1f35 100644
--- a/hw/misc/vfio.c
+++ b/hw/vfio/pci.c
@@ -39,28 +39,15 @@
 #include "qemu/range.h"
 #include "sysemu/kvm.h"
 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
-#include "hw/misc/vfio.h"
+#include "trace.h"
+#include "hw/vfio/vfio.h"
+#include "hw/vfio/vfio-common.h"
 
-/* #define DEBUG_VFIO */
-#ifdef DEBUG_VFIO
-#define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) \
-    do { fprintf(stderr, "vfio: " fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__); } while (0)
-#else
-#define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) \
-    do { } while (0)
-#endif
-
-/* Extra debugging, trap acceleration paths for more logging */
-#define VFIO_ALLOW_MMAP 1
-#define VFIO_ALLOW_KVM_INTX 1
-#define VFIO_ALLOW_KVM_MSI 1
-#define VFIO_ALLOW_KVM_MSIX 1
-
-struct VFIODevice;
+struct VFIOPCIDevice;
 
 typedef struct VFIOQuirk {
     MemoryRegion mem;
-    struct VFIODevice *vdev;
+    struct VFIOPCIDevice *vdev;
     QLIST_ENTRY(VFIOQuirk) next;
     struct {
         uint32_t base_offset:TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
@@ -82,14 +69,7 @@ typedef struct VFIOQuirk {
 } VFIOQuirk;
 
 typedef struct VFIOBAR {
-    off_t fd_offset; /* offset of BAR within device fd */
-    int fd; /* device fd, allows us to pass VFIOBAR as opaque data */
-    MemoryRegion mem; /* slow, read/write access */
-    MemoryRegion mmap_mem; /* direct mapped access */
-    void *mmap;
-    size_t size;
-    uint32_t flags; /* VFIO region flags (rd/wr/mmap) */
-    uint8_t nr; /* cache the BAR number for debug */
+    VFIORegion region;
     bool ioport;
     bool mem64;
     QLIST_HEAD(, VFIOQuirk) quirks;
@@ -131,7 +111,7 @@ typedef struct VFIOMSIVector {
      */
     EventNotifier interrupt;
     EventNotifier kvm_interrupt;
-    struct VFIODevice *vdev; /* back pointer to device */
+    struct VFIOPCIDevice *vdev; /* back pointer to device */
     int virq;
     bool use;
 } VFIOMSIVector;
@@ -143,45 +123,6 @@ enum {
     VFIO_INT_MSIX = 3,
 };
 
-typedef struct VFIOAddressSpace {
-    AddressSpace *as;
-    QLIST_HEAD(, VFIOContainer) containers;
-    QLIST_ENTRY(VFIOAddressSpace) list;
-} VFIOAddressSpace;
-
-static QLIST_HEAD(, VFIOAddressSpace) vfio_address_spaces =
-    QLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(vfio_address_spaces);
-
-struct VFIOGroup;
-
-typedef struct VFIOType1 {
-    MemoryListener listener;
-    int error;
-    bool initialized;
-} VFIOType1;
-
-typedef struct VFIOContainer {
-    VFIOAddressSpace *space;
-    int fd; /* /dev/vfio/vfio, empowered by the attached groups */
-    struct {
-        /* enable abstraction to support various iommu backends */
-        union {
-            VFIOType1 type1;
-        };
-        void (*release)(struct VFIOContainer *);
-    } iommu_data;
-    QLIST_HEAD(, VFIOGuestIOMMU) giommu_list;
-    QLIST_HEAD(, VFIOGroup) group_list;
-    QLIST_ENTRY(VFIOContainer) next;
-} VFIOContainer;
-
-typedef struct VFIOGuestIOMMU {
-    VFIOContainer *container;
-    MemoryRegion *iommu;
-    Notifier n;
-    QLIST_ENTRY(VFIOGuestIOMMU) giommu_next;
-} VFIOGuestIOMMU;
-
 /* Cache of MSI-X setup plus extra mmap and memory region for split BAR map */
 typedef struct VFIOMSIXInfo {
     uint8_t table_bar;
@@ -193,9 +134,9 @@ typedef struct VFIOMSIXInfo {
     void *mmap;
 } VFIOMSIXInfo;
 
-typedef struct VFIODevice {
+typedef struct VFIOPCIDevice {
     PCIDevice pdev;
-    int fd;
+    VFIODevice vbasedev;
     VFIOINTx intx;
     unsigned int config_size;
     uint8_t *emulated_config_bits; /* QEMU emulated bits, little-endian */
@@ -211,31 +152,18 @@ typedef struct VFIODevice {
     VFIOBAR bars[PCI_NUM_REGIONS - 1]; /* No ROM */
     VFIOVGA vga; /* 0xa0000, 0x3b0, 0x3c0 */
     PCIHostDeviceAddress host;
-    QLIST_ENTRY(VFIODevice) next;
-    struct VFIOGroup *group;
     EventNotifier err_notifier;
     uint32_t features;
 #define VFIO_FEATURE_ENABLE_VGA_BIT 0
 #define VFIO_FEATURE_ENABLE_VGA (1 << VFIO_FEATURE_ENABLE_VGA_BIT)
     int32_t bootindex;
     uint8_t pm_cap;
-    bool reset_works;
     bool has_vga;
     bool pci_aer;
     bool has_flr;
     bool has_pm_reset;
-    bool needs_reset;
     bool rom_read_failed;
-} VFIODevice;
-
-typedef struct VFIOGroup {
-    int fd;
-    int groupid;
-    VFIOContainer *container;
-    QLIST_HEAD(, VFIODevice) device_list;
-    QLIST_ENTRY(VFIOGroup) next;
-    QLIST_ENTRY(VFIOGroup) container_next;
-} VFIOGroup;
+} VFIOPCIDevice;
 
 typedef struct VFIORomBlacklistEntry {
     uint16_t vendor_id;
@@ -262,72 +190,12 @@ static const VFIORomBlacklistEntry romblacklist[] = {
 
 #define MSIX_CAP_LENGTH 12
 
-static QLIST_HEAD(, VFIOGroup)
-    group_list = QLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(group_list);
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_KVM
-/*
- * We have a single VFIO pseudo device per KVM VM.  Once created it lives
- * for the life of the VM.  Closing the file descriptor only drops our
- * reference to it and the device's reference to kvm.  Therefore once
- * initialized, this file descriptor is only released on QEMU exit and
- * we'll re-use it should another vfio device be attached before then.
- */
-static int vfio_kvm_device_fd = -1;
-#endif
-
-static void vfio_disable_interrupts(VFIODevice *vdev);
+static void vfio_disable_interrupts(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev);
 static uint32_t vfio_pci_read_config(PCIDevice *pdev, uint32_t addr, int len);
 static void vfio_pci_write_config(PCIDevice *pdev, uint32_t addr,
                                   uint32_t val, int len);
-static void vfio_mmap_set_enabled(VFIODevice *vdev, bool enabled);
-
-/*
- * Common VFIO interrupt disable
- */
-static void vfio_disable_irqindex(VFIODevice *vdev, int index)
-{
-    struct vfio_irq_set irq_set = {
-        .argsz = sizeof(irq_set),
-        .flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_NONE | VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_TRIGGER,
-        .index = index,
-        .start = 0,
-        .count = 0,
-    };
-
-    ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, &irq_set);
-}
-
-/*
- * INTx
- */
-static void vfio_unmask_intx(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    struct vfio_irq_set irq_set = {
-        .argsz = sizeof(irq_set),
-        .flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_NONE | VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_UNMASK,
-        .index = VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX,
-        .start = 0,
-        .count = 1,
-    };
-
-    ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, &irq_set);
-}
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_KVM /* Unused outside of CONFIG_KVM code */
-static void vfio_mask_intx(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    struct vfio_irq_set irq_set = {
-        .argsz = sizeof(irq_set),
-        .flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_NONE | VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_MASK,
-        .index = VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX,
-        .start = 0,
-        .count = 1,
-    };
-
-    ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, &irq_set);
-}
-#endif
+static void vfio_mmap_set_enabled(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, bool enabled);
+static int vfio_populate_device(VFIODevice *vbasedev);
 
 /*
  * Disabling BAR mmaping can be slow, but toggling it around INTx can
@@ -346,7 +214,7 @@ static void vfio_mask_intx(VFIODevice *vdev)
  */
 static void vfio_intx_mmap_enable(void *opaque)
 {
-    VFIODevice *vdev = opaque;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = opaque;
 
     if (vdev->intx.pending) {
         timer_mod(vdev->intx.mmap_timer,
@@ -359,15 +227,13 @@ static void vfio_intx_mmap_enable(void *opaque)
 
 static void vfio_intx_interrupt(void *opaque)
 {
-    VFIODevice *vdev = opaque;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = opaque;
 
     if (!event_notifier_test_and_clear(&vdev->intx.interrupt)) {
         return;
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) Pin %c\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function,
-            'A' + vdev->intx.pin);
+    trace_vfio_intx_interrupt(vdev->vbasedev.name, 'A' + vdev->intx.pin);
 
     vdev->intx.pending = true;
     pci_irq_assert(&vdev->pdev);
@@ -378,21 +244,22 @@ static void vfio_intx_interrupt(void *opaque)
     }
 }
 
-static void vfio_eoi(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_eoi(VFIODevice *vbasedev)
 {
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = container_of(vbasedev, VFIOPCIDevice, vbasedev);
+
     if (!vdev->intx.pending) {
         return;
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) EOI\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_eoi(vbasedev->name);
 
     vdev->intx.pending = false;
     pci_irq_deassert(&vdev->pdev);
-    vfio_unmask_intx(vdev);
+    vfio_unmask_single_irqindex(vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX);
 }
 
-static void vfio_enable_intx_kvm(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_enable_intx_kvm(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
 #ifdef CONFIG_KVM
     struct kvm_irqfd irqfd = {
@@ -412,7 +279,7 @@ static void vfio_enable_intx_kvm(VFIODevice *vdev)
 
     /* Get to a known interrupt state */
     qemu_set_fd_handler(irqfd.fd, NULL, NULL, vdev);
-    vfio_mask_intx(vdev);
+    vfio_mask_single_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX);
     vdev->intx.pending = false;
     pci_irq_deassert(&vdev->pdev);
 
@@ -442,7 +309,7 @@ static void vfio_enable_intx_kvm(VFIODevice *vdev)
 
     *pfd = irqfd.resamplefd;
 
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
+    ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
     g_free(irq_set);
     if (ret) {
         error_report("vfio: Error: Failed to setup INTx unmask fd: %m");
@@ -450,13 +317,11 @@ static void vfio_enable_intx_kvm(VFIODevice *vdev)
     }
 
     /* Let'em rip */
-    vfio_unmask_intx(vdev);
+    vfio_unmask_single_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX);
 
     vdev->intx.kvm_accel = true;
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) KVM INTx accel enabled\n",
-            __func__, vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus,
-            vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_enable_intx_kvm(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 
     return;
 
@@ -467,11 +332,11 @@ fail_irqfd:
     event_notifier_cleanup(&vdev->intx.unmask);
 fail:
     qemu_set_fd_handler(irqfd.fd, vfio_intx_interrupt, NULL, vdev);
-    vfio_unmask_intx(vdev);
+    vfio_unmask_single_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX);
 #endif
 }
 
-static void vfio_disable_intx_kvm(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_disable_intx_kvm(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
 #ifdef CONFIG_KVM
     struct kvm_irqfd irqfd = {
@@ -488,7 +353,7 @@ static void vfio_disable_intx_kvm(VFIODevice *vdev)
      * Get to a known state, hardware masked, QEMU ready to accept new
      * interrupts, QEMU IRQ de-asserted.
      */
-    vfio_mask_intx(vdev);
+    vfio_mask_single_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX);
     vdev->intx.pending = false;
     pci_irq_deassert(&vdev->pdev);
 
@@ -506,17 +371,15 @@ static void vfio_disable_intx_kvm(VFIODevice *vdev)
     vdev->intx.kvm_accel = false;
 
     /* If we've missed an event, let it re-fire through QEMU */
-    vfio_unmask_intx(vdev);
+    vfio_unmask_single_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX);
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) KVM INTx accel disabled\n",
-            __func__, vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus,
-            vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_disable_intx_kvm(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 #endif
 }
 
 static void vfio_update_irq(PCIDevice *pdev)
 {
-    VFIODevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIODevice, pdev, pdev);
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, pdev);
     PCIINTxRoute route;
 
     if (vdev->interrupt != VFIO_INT_INTx) {
@@ -529,9 +392,8 @@ static void vfio_update_irq(PCIDevice *pdev)
         return; /* Nothing changed */
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) IRQ moved %d -> %d\n", __func__,
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function, vdev->intx.route.irq, route.irq);
+    trace_vfio_update_irq(vdev->vbasedev.name,
+                          vdev->intx.route.irq, route.irq);
 
     vfio_disable_intx_kvm(vdev);
 
@@ -544,10 +406,10 @@ static void vfio_update_irq(PCIDevice *pdev)
     vfio_enable_intx_kvm(vdev);
 
     /* Re-enable the interrupt in cased we missed an EOI */
-    vfio_eoi(vdev);
+    vfio_eoi(&vdev->vbasedev);
 }
 
-static int vfio_enable_intx(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static int vfio_enable_intx(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     uint8_t pin = vfio_pci_read_config(&vdev->pdev, PCI_INTERRUPT_PIN, 1);
     int ret, argsz;
@@ -593,7 +455,7 @@ static int vfio_enable_intx(VFIODevice *vdev)
     *pfd = event_notifier_get_fd(&vdev->intx.interrupt);
     qemu_set_fd_handler(*pfd, vfio_intx_interrupt, NULL, vdev);
 
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
+    ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
     g_free(irq_set);
     if (ret) {
         error_report("vfio: Error: Failed to setup INTx fd: %m");
@@ -606,19 +468,18 @@ static int vfio_enable_intx(VFIODevice *vdev)
 
     vdev->interrupt = VFIO_INT_INTx;
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x)\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_enable_intx(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static void vfio_disable_intx(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_disable_intx(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     int fd;
 
     timer_del(vdev->intx.mmap_timer);
     vfio_disable_intx_kvm(vdev);
-    vfio_disable_irqindex(vdev, VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX);
+    vfio_disable_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX);
     vdev->intx.pending = false;
     pci_irq_deassert(&vdev->pdev);
     vfio_mmap_set_enabled(vdev, true);
@@ -629,8 +490,7 @@ static void vfio_disable_intx(VFIODevice *vdev)
 
     vdev->interrupt = VFIO_INT_NONE;
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x)\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_disable_intx(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -639,7 +499,7 @@ static void vfio_disable_intx(VFIODevice *vdev)
 static void vfio_msi_interrupt(void *opaque)
 {
     VFIOMSIVector *vector = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = vector->vdev;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = vector->vdev;
     int nr = vector - vdev->msi_vectors;
 
     if (!event_notifier_test_and_clear(&vector->interrupt)) {
@@ -657,9 +517,7 @@ static void vfio_msi_interrupt(void *opaque)
         abort();
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) vector %d 0x%"PRIx64"/0x%x\n", __func__,
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function, nr, msg.address, msg.data);
+    trace_vfio_msi_interrupt(vbasedev->name, nr, msg.address, msg.data);
 #endif
 
     if (vdev->interrupt == VFIO_INT_MSIX) {
@@ -671,7 +529,7 @@ static void vfio_msi_interrupt(void *opaque)
     }
 }
 
-static int vfio_enable_vectors(VFIODevice *vdev, bool msix)
+static int vfio_enable_vectors(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, bool msix)
 {
     struct vfio_irq_set *irq_set;
     int ret = 0, i, argsz;
@@ -708,7 +566,7 @@ static int vfio_enable_vectors(VFIODevice *vdev, bool msix)
         fds[i] = fd;
     }
 
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
+    ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
 
     g_free(irq_set);
 
@@ -762,13 +620,11 @@ static void vfio_update_kvm_msi_virq(VFIOMSIVector *vector, MSIMessage msg)
 static int vfio_msix_vector_do_use(PCIDevice *pdev, unsigned int nr,
                                    MSIMessage *msg, IOHandler *handler)
 {
-    VFIODevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIODevice, pdev, pdev);
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, pdev);
     VFIOMSIVector *vector;
     int ret;
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) vector %d used\n", __func__,
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function, nr);
+    trace_vfio_msix_vector_do_use(vdev->vbasedev.name, nr);
 
     vector = &vdev->msi_vectors[nr];
 
@@ -805,7 +661,7 @@ static int vfio_msix_vector_do_use(PCIDevice *pdev, unsigned int nr,
      * increase them as needed.
      */
     if (vdev->nr_vectors < nr + 1) {
-        vfio_disable_irqindex(vdev, VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX);
+        vfio_disable_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX);
         vdev->nr_vectors = nr + 1;
         ret = vfio_enable_vectors(vdev, true);
         if (ret) {
@@ -833,7 +689,7 @@ static int vfio_msix_vector_do_use(PCIDevice *pdev, unsigned int nr,
             *pfd = event_notifier_get_fd(&vector->interrupt);
         }
 
-        ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
+        ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
         g_free(irq_set);
         if (ret) {
             error_report("vfio: failed to modify vector, %d", ret);
@@ -851,12 +707,10 @@ static int vfio_msix_vector_use(PCIDevice *pdev,
 
 static void vfio_msix_vector_release(PCIDevice *pdev, unsigned int nr)
 {
-    VFIODevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIODevice, pdev, pdev);
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, pdev);
     VFIOMSIVector *vector = &vdev->msi_vectors[nr];
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) vector %d released\n", __func__,
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function, nr);
+    trace_vfio_msix_vector_release(vdev->vbasedev.name, nr);
 
     /*
      * There are still old guests that mask and unmask vectors on every
@@ -884,13 +738,13 @@ static void vfio_msix_vector_release(PCIDevice *pdev, unsigned int nr)
 
         *pfd = event_notifier_get_fd(&vector->interrupt);
 
-        ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
+        ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
 
         g_free(irq_set);
     }
 }
 
-static void vfio_enable_msix(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_enable_msix(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     vfio_disable_interrupts(vdev);
 
@@ -919,11 +773,10 @@ static void vfio_enable_msix(VFIODevice *vdev)
         error_report("vfio: msix_set_vector_notifiers failed");
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x)\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_enable_msix(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 }
 
-static void vfio_enable_msi(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_enable_msi(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     int ret, i;
 
@@ -996,12 +849,10 @@ retry:
         return;
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) Enabled %d MSI vectors\n", __func__,
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function, vdev->nr_vectors);
+    trace_vfio_enable_msi(vdev->vbasedev.name, vdev->nr_vectors);
 }
 
-static void vfio_disable_msi_common(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_disable_msi_common(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     int i;
 
@@ -1025,7 +876,7 @@ static void vfio_disable_msi_common(VFIODevice *vdev)
     vfio_enable_intx(vdev);
 }
 
-static void vfio_disable_msix(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_disable_msix(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     int i;
 
@@ -1043,25 +894,23 @@ static void vfio_disable_msix(VFIODevice *vdev)
     }
 
     if (vdev->nr_vectors) {
-        vfio_disable_irqindex(vdev, VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX);
+        vfio_disable_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX);
     }
 
     vfio_disable_msi_common(vdev);
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x)\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_disable_msix(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 }
 
-static void vfio_disable_msi(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_disable_msi(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
-    vfio_disable_irqindex(vdev, VFIO_PCI_MSI_IRQ_INDEX);
+    vfio_disable_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_MSI_IRQ_INDEX);
     vfio_disable_msi_common(vdev);
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x)\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_disable_msi(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 }
 
-static void vfio_update_msi(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_update_msi(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     int i;
 
@@ -1078,119 +927,7 @@ static void vfio_update_msi(VFIODevice *vdev)
     }
 }
 
-/*
- * IO Port/MMIO - Beware of the endians, VFIO is always little endian
- */
-static void vfio_bar_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
-                           uint64_t data, unsigned size)
-{
-    VFIOBAR *bar = opaque;
-    union {
-        uint8_t byte;
-        uint16_t word;
-        uint32_t dword;
-        uint64_t qword;
-    } buf;
-
-    switch (size) {
-    case 1:
-        buf.byte = data;
-        break;
-    case 2:
-        buf.word = cpu_to_le16(data);
-        break;
-    case 4:
-        buf.dword = cpu_to_le32(data);
-        break;
-    default:
-        hw_error("vfio: unsupported write size, %d bytes", size);
-        break;
-    }
-
-    if (pwrite(bar->fd, &buf, size, bar->fd_offset + addr) != size) {
-        error_report("%s(,0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", 0x%"PRIx64", %d) failed: %m",
-                     __func__, addr, data, size);
-    }
-
-#ifdef DEBUG_VFIO
-    {
-        VFIODevice *vdev = container_of(bar, VFIODevice, bars[bar->nr]);
-
-        DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x:BAR%d+0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", 0x%"PRIx64
-                ", %d)\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus,
-                vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function, bar->nr, addr,
-                data, size);
-    }
-#endif
-
-    /*
-     * A read or write to a BAR always signals an INTx EOI.  This will
-     * do nothing if not pending (including not in INTx mode).  We assume
-     * that a BAR access is in response to an interrupt and that BAR
-     * accesses will service the interrupt.  Unfortunately, we don't know
-     * which access will service the interrupt, so we're potentially
-     * getting quite a few host interrupts per guest interrupt.
-     */
-    vfio_eoi(container_of(bar, VFIODevice, bars[bar->nr]));
-}
-
-static uint64_t vfio_bar_read(void *opaque,
-                              hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
-{
-    VFIOBAR *bar = opaque;
-    union {
-        uint8_t byte;
-        uint16_t word;
-        uint32_t dword;
-        uint64_t qword;
-    } buf;
-    uint64_t data = 0;
-
-    if (pread(bar->fd, &buf, size, bar->fd_offset + addr) != size) {
-        error_report("%s(,0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %d) failed: %m",
-                     __func__, addr, size);
-        return (uint64_t)-1;
-    }
-
-    switch (size) {
-    case 1:
-        data = buf.byte;
-        break;
-    case 2:
-        data = le16_to_cpu(buf.word);
-        break;
-    case 4:
-        data = le32_to_cpu(buf.dword);
-        break;
-    default:
-        hw_error("vfio: unsupported read size, %d bytes", size);
-        break;
-    }
-
-#ifdef DEBUG_VFIO
-    {
-        VFIODevice *vdev = container_of(bar, VFIODevice, bars[bar->nr]);
-
-        DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x:BAR%d+0x%"HWADDR_PRIx
-                ", %d) = 0x%"PRIx64"\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-                vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function,
-                bar->nr, addr, size, data);
-    }
-#endif
-
-    /* Same as write above */
-    vfio_eoi(container_of(bar, VFIODevice, bars[bar->nr]));
-
-    return data;
-}
-
-static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_bar_ops = {
-    .read = vfio_bar_read,
-    .write = vfio_bar_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
-};
-
-static void vfio_pci_load_rom(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_pci_load_rom(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     struct vfio_region_info reg_info = {
         .argsz = sizeof(reg_info),
@@ -1200,16 +937,14 @@ static void vfio_pci_load_rom(VFIODevice *vdev)
     off_t off = 0;
     size_t bytes;
 
-    if (ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_REGION_INFO, &reg_info)) {
+    if (ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_REGION_INFO, &reg_info)) {
         error_report("vfio: Error getting ROM info: %m");
         return;
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("Device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x ROM:\n", vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
-    DPRINTF("  size: 0x%lx, offset: 0x%lx, flags: 0x%lx\n",
-            (unsigned long)reg_info.size, (unsigned long)reg_info.offset,
-            (unsigned long)reg_info.flags);
+    trace_vfio_pci_load_rom(vdev->vbasedev.name, (unsigned long)reg_info.size,
+                            (unsigned long)reg_info.offset,
+                            (unsigned long)reg_info.flags);
 
     vdev->rom_size = size = reg_info.size;
     vdev->rom_offset = reg_info.offset;
@@ -1217,9 +952,7 @@ static void vfio_pci_load_rom(VFIODevice *vdev)
     if (!vdev->rom_size) {
         vdev->rom_read_failed = true;
         error_report("vfio-pci: Cannot read device rom at "
-                    "%04x:%02x:%02x.%x",
-                    vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-                    vdev->host.function);
+                    "%s", vdev->vbasedev.name);
         error_printf("Device option ROM contents are probably invalid "
                     "(check dmesg).\nSkip option ROM probe with rombar=0, "
                     "or load from file with romfile=\n");
@@ -1230,7 +963,8 @@ static void vfio_pci_load_rom(VFIODevice *vdev)
     memset(vdev->rom, 0xff, size);
 
     while (size) {
-        bytes = pread(vdev->fd, vdev->rom + off, size, vdev->rom_offset + off);
+        bytes = pread(vdev->vbasedev.fd, vdev->rom + off,
+                      size, vdev->rom_offset + off);
         if (bytes == 0) {
             break;
         } else if (bytes > 0) {
@@ -1248,7 +982,7 @@ static void vfio_pci_load_rom(VFIODevice *vdev)
 
 static uint64_t vfio_rom_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
 {
-    VFIODevice *vdev = opaque;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = opaque;
     union {
         uint8_t byte;
         uint16_t word;
@@ -1280,9 +1014,7 @@ static uint64_t vfio_rom_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
         break;
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x, 0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", 0x%x) = 0x%"PRIx64"\n",
-            __func__, vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function, addr, size, data);
+    trace_vfio_rom_read(vdev->vbasedev.name, addr, size, data);
 
     return data;
 }
@@ -1298,7 +1030,7 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_rom_ops = {
     .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
 };
 
-static bool vfio_blacklist_opt_rom(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static bool vfio_blacklist_opt_rom(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     uint16_t vendor_id, device_id;
@@ -1318,12 +1050,13 @@ static bool vfio_blacklist_opt_rom(VFIODevice *vdev)
     return false;
 }
 
-static void vfio_pci_size_rom(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_pci_size_rom(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     uint32_t orig, size = cpu_to_le32((uint32_t)PCI_ROM_ADDRESS_MASK);
     off_t offset = vdev->config_offset + PCI_ROM_ADDRESS;
     DeviceState *dev = DEVICE(vdev);
     char name[32];
+    int fd = vdev->vbasedev.fd;
 
     if (vdev->pdev.romfile || !vdev->pdev.rom_bar) {
         /* Since pci handles romfile, just print a message and return */
@@ -1342,10 +1075,10 @@ static void vfio_pci_size_rom(VFIODevice *vdev)
      * Use the same size ROM BAR as the physical device.  The contents
      * will get filled in later when the guest tries to read it.
      */
-    if (pread(vdev->fd, &orig, 4, offset) != 4 ||
-        pwrite(vdev->fd, &size, 4, offset) != 4 ||
-        pread(vdev->fd, &size, 4, offset) != 4 ||
-        pwrite(vdev->fd, &orig, 4, offset) != 4) {
+    if (pread(fd, &orig, 4, offset) != 4 ||
+        pwrite(fd, &size, 4, offset) != 4 ||
+        pread(fd, &size, 4, offset) != 4 ||
+        pwrite(fd, &orig, 4, offset) != 4) {
         error_report("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) failed: %m",
                      __func__, vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus,
                      vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
@@ -1378,8 +1111,7 @@ static void vfio_pci_size_rom(VFIODevice *vdev)
         }
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%04x:%02x:%02x.%x ROM size 0x%x\n", vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function, size);
+    trace_vfio_pci_size_rom(vdev->vbasedev.name, size);
 
     snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "vfio[%04x:%02x:%02x.%x].rom",
              vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
@@ -1428,8 +1160,7 @@ static void vfio_vga_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                      __func__, region->offset + addr, data, size);
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", 0x%"PRIx64", %d)\n",
-            __func__, region->offset + addr, data, size);
+    trace_vfio_vga_write(region->offset + addr, data, size);
 }
 
 static uint64_t vfio_vga_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
@@ -1466,8 +1197,7 @@ static uint64_t vfio_vga_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
         break;
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %d) = 0x%"PRIx64"\n",
-            __func__, region->offset + addr, size, data);
+    trace_vfio_vga_read(region->offset + addr, size, data);
 
     return data;
 }
@@ -1497,7 +1227,7 @@ static uint64_t vfio_generic_window_quirk_read(void *opaque,
                                                hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
 {
     VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
     uint64_t data;
 
     if (vfio_flags_enabled(quirk->data.flags, quirk->data.read_flags) &&
@@ -1514,13 +1244,13 @@ static uint64_t vfio_generic_window_quirk_read(void *opaque,
         data = vfio_pci_read_config(&vdev->pdev,
                                     quirk->data.address_val + offset, size);
 
-        DPRINTF("%s read(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x:BAR%d+0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %d) = 0x%"
-                PRIx64"\n", memory_region_name(&quirk->mem), vdev->host.domain,
-                vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function,
-                quirk->data.bar, addr, size, data);
+        trace_vfio_generic_window_quirk_read(memory_region_name(&quirk->mem),
+                                             vdev->vbasedev.name,
+                                             quirk->data.bar,
+                                             addr, size, data);
     } else {
-        data = vfio_bar_read(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar],
-                             addr + quirk->data.base_offset, size);
+        data = vfio_region_read(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar].region,
+                                addr + quirk->data.base_offset, size);
     }
 
     return data;
@@ -1530,7 +1260,7 @@ static void vfio_generic_window_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                                             uint64_t data, unsigned size)
 {
     VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
 
     if (ranges_overlap(addr, size,
                        quirk->data.address_offset, quirk->data.address_size)) {
@@ -1563,14 +1293,14 @@ static void vfio_generic_window_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
 
         vfio_pci_write_config(&vdev->pdev,
                               quirk->data.address_val + offset, data, size);
-        DPRINTF("%s write(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x:BAR%d+0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", 0x%"
-                PRIx64", %d)\n", memory_region_name(&quirk->mem),
-                vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-                vdev->host.function, quirk->data.bar, addr, data, size);
+        trace_vfio_generic_window_quirk_write(memory_region_name(&quirk->mem),
+                                              vdev->vbasedev.name,
+                                              quirk->data.bar,
+                                              addr, data, size);
         return;
     }
 
-    vfio_bar_write(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar],
+    vfio_region_write(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar].region,
                    addr + quirk->data.base_offset, data, size);
 }
 
@@ -1584,7 +1314,7 @@ static uint64_t vfio_generic_quirk_read(void *opaque,
                                         hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
 {
     VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
     hwaddr base = quirk->data.address_match & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
     hwaddr offset = quirk->data.address_match & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
     uint64_t data;
@@ -1599,12 +1329,12 @@ static uint64_t vfio_generic_quirk_read(void *opaque,
 
         data = vfio_pci_read_config(&vdev->pdev, addr - offset, size);
 
-        DPRINTF("%s read(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x:BAR%d+0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %d) = 0x%"
-                PRIx64"\n", memory_region_name(&quirk->mem), vdev->host.domain,
-                vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function,
-                quirk->data.bar, addr + base, size, data);
+        trace_vfio_generic_quirk_read(memory_region_name(&quirk->mem),
+                                      vdev->vbasedev.name, quirk->data.bar,
+                                      addr + base, size, data);
     } else {
-        data = vfio_bar_read(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar], addr + base, size);
+        data = vfio_region_read(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar].region,
+                                addr + base, size);
     }
 
     return data;
@@ -1614,7 +1344,7 @@ static void vfio_generic_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                                      uint64_t data, unsigned size)
 {
     VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
     hwaddr base = quirk->data.address_match & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
     hwaddr offset = quirk->data.address_match & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
 
@@ -1628,12 +1358,12 @@ static void vfio_generic_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
 
         vfio_pci_write_config(&vdev->pdev, addr - offset, data, size);
 
-        DPRINTF("%s write(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x:BAR%d+0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", 0x%"
-                PRIx64", %d)\n", memory_region_name(&quirk->mem),
-                vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-                vdev->host.function, quirk->data.bar, addr + base, data, size);
+        trace_vfio_generic_quirk_write(memory_region_name(&quirk->mem),
+                                       vdev->vbasedev.name, quirk->data.bar,
+                                       addr + base, data, size);
     } else {
-        vfio_bar_write(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar], addr + base, data, size);
+        vfio_region_write(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar].region,
+                          addr + base, data, size);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1659,11 +1389,11 @@ static uint64_t vfio_ati_3c3_quirk_read(void *opaque,
                                         hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
 {
     VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
     uint64_t data = vfio_pci_read_config(&vdev->pdev,
                                          PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0 + (4 * 4) + 1,
                                          size);
-    DPRINTF("%s(0x3c3, 1) = 0x%"PRIx64"\n", __func__, data);
+    trace_vfio_ati_3c3_quirk_read(data);
 
     return data;
 }
@@ -1673,7 +1403,7 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_ati_3c3_quirk = {
     .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
 };
 
-static void vfio_vga_probe_ati_3c3_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_vga_probe_ati_3c3_quirk(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     VFIOQuirk *quirk;
@@ -1686,7 +1416,7 @@ static void vfio_vga_probe_ati_3c3_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev)
      * As long as the BAR is >= 256 bytes it will be aligned such that the
      * lower byte is always zero.  Filter out anything else, if it exists.
      */
-    if (!vdev->bars[4].ioport || vdev->bars[4].size < 256) {
+    if (!vdev->bars[4].ioport || vdev->bars[4].region.size < 256) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -1701,9 +1431,7 @@ static void vfio_vga_probe_ati_3c3_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev)
     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI].quirks,
                       quirk, next);
 
-    DPRINTF("Enabled ATI/AMD quirk 0x3c3 BAR4for device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_vga_probe_ati_3c3_quirk(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1716,7 +1444,7 @@ static void vfio_vga_probe_ati_3c3_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev)
  * that only read-only access is provided, but we drop writes when the window
  * is enabled to config space nonetheless.
  */
-static void vfio_probe_ati_bar4_window_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
+static void vfio_probe_ati_bar4_window_quirk(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int nr)
 {
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     VFIOQuirk *quirk;
@@ -1739,14 +1467,12 @@ static void vfio_probe_ati_bar4_window_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
     memory_region_init_io(&quirk->mem, OBJECT(vdev),
                           &vfio_generic_window_quirk, quirk,
                           "vfio-ati-bar4-window-quirk", 8);
-    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].mem,
+    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].region.mem,
                           quirk->data.base_offset, &quirk->mem, 1);
 
     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vdev->bars[nr].quirks, quirk, next);
 
-    DPRINTF("Enabled ATI/AMD BAR4 window quirk for device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_probe_ati_bar4_window_quirk(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 }
 
 #define PCI_VENDOR_ID_REALTEK 0x10ec
@@ -1778,14 +1504,14 @@ static uint64_t vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_read(void *opaque,
                                                hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
 {
     VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
 
     switch (addr) {
     case 4: /* address */
         if (quirk->data.flags) {
-            DPRINTF("%s fake read(%04x:%02x:%02x.%d)\n",
-                    memory_region_name(&quirk->mem), vdev->host.domain,
-                    vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+            trace_vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_read_fake(
+                    memory_region_name(&quirk->mem),
+                    vdev->vbasedev.name);
 
             return quirk->data.address_match ^ 0x10000000U;
         }
@@ -1794,9 +1520,9 @@ static uint64_t vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_read(void *opaque,
         if (quirk->data.flags) {
             uint64_t val;
 
-            DPRINTF("%s MSI-X table read(%04x:%02x:%02x.%d)\n",
-                    memory_region_name(&quirk->mem), vdev->host.domain,
-                    vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+            trace_vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_read_table(
+                    memory_region_name(&quirk->mem),
+                    vdev->vbasedev.name);
 
             if (!(vdev->pdev.cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MSIX)) {
                 return 0;
@@ -1809,18 +1535,18 @@ static uint64_t vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_read(void *opaque,
         }
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%s direct read(%04x:%02x:%02x.%d)\n",
-            memory_region_name(&quirk->mem), vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_read_direct(memory_region_name(&quirk->mem),
+                                                vdev->vbasedev.name);
 
-    return vfio_bar_read(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar], addr + 0x70, size);
+    return vfio_region_read(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar].region,
+                            addr + 0x70, size);
 }
 
 static void vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                                             uint64_t data, unsigned size)
 {
     VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
 
     switch (addr) {
     case 4: /* address */
@@ -1828,9 +1554,9 @@ static void vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
             if (data & 0x10000000U &&
                 vdev->pdev.cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MSIX) {
 
-                DPRINTF("%s MSI-X table write(%04x:%02x:%02x.%d)\n",
-                        memory_region_name(&quirk->mem), vdev->host.domain,
-                        vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+                trace_vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_write_table(
+                        memory_region_name(&quirk->mem),
+                        vdev->vbasedev.name);
 
                 io_mem_write(&vdev->pdev.msix_table_mmio,
                              (hwaddr)(quirk->data.address_match & 0xfff),
@@ -1849,11 +1575,12 @@ static void vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
         break;
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%s direct write(%04x:%02x:%02x.%d)\n",
-            memory_region_name(&quirk->mem), vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_write_direct(
+            memory_region_name(&quirk->mem),
+            vdev->vbasedev.name);
 
-    vfio_bar_write(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar], addr + 0x70, data, size);
+    vfio_region_write(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar].region,
+                      addr + 0x70, data, size);
 }
 
 static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk = {
@@ -1867,7 +1594,7 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk = {
     .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
 };
 
-static void vfio_probe_rtl8168_bar2_window_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
+static void vfio_probe_rtl8168_bar2_window_quirk(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int nr)
 {
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     VFIOQuirk *quirk;
@@ -1883,19 +1610,17 @@ static void vfio_probe_rtl8168_bar2_window_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
 
     memory_region_init_io(&quirk->mem, OBJECT(vdev), &vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk,
                           quirk, "vfio-rtl8168-window-quirk", 8);
-    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].mem,
+    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].region.mem,
                                         0x70, &quirk->mem, 1);
 
     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vdev->bars[nr].quirks, quirk, next);
 
-    DPRINTF("Enabled RTL8168 BAR2 window quirk for device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_probe_rtl8168_bar2_window_quirk(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 }
 /*
  * Trap the BAR2 MMIO window to config space as well.
  */
-static void vfio_probe_ati_bar2_4000_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
+static void vfio_probe_ati_bar2_4000_quirk(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int nr)
 {
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     VFIOQuirk *quirk;
@@ -1916,15 +1641,13 @@ static void vfio_probe_ati_bar2_4000_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
     memory_region_init_io(&quirk->mem, OBJECT(vdev), &vfio_generic_quirk, quirk,
                           "vfio-ati-bar2-4000-quirk",
                           TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(quirk->data.address_mask + 1));
-    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].mem,
+    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].region.mem,
                           quirk->data.address_match & TARGET_PAGE_MASK,
                           &quirk->mem, 1);
 
     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vdev->bars[nr].quirks, quirk, next);
 
-    DPRINTF("Enabled ATI/AMD BAR2 0x4000 quirk for device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_probe_ati_bar2_4000_quirk(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1963,14 +1686,14 @@ static uint64_t vfio_nvidia_3d0_quirk_read(void *opaque,
                                            hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
 {
     VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     uint64_t data = vfio_vga_read(&vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI],
                                   addr + quirk->data.base_offset, size);
 
     if (quirk->data.flags == NV_3D0_READ && addr == quirk->data.data_offset) {
         data = vfio_pci_read_config(pdev, quirk->data.address_val, size);
-        DPRINTF("%s(0x3d0, %d) = 0x%"PRIx64"\n", __func__, size, data);
+        trace_vfio_nvidia_3d0_quirk_read(size, data);
     }
 
     quirk->data.flags = NV_3D0_NONE;
@@ -1982,7 +1705,7 @@ static void vfio_nvidia_3d0_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                                         uint64_t data, unsigned size)
 {
     VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
 
     switch (quirk->data.flags) {
@@ -2013,7 +1736,7 @@ static void vfio_nvidia_3d0_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
         quirk->data.flags = NV_3D0_NONE;
         if (addr == quirk->data.data_offset) {
             vfio_pci_write_config(pdev, quirk->data.address_val, data, size);
-            DPRINTF("%s(0x3d0, 0x%"PRIx64", %d)\n", __func__, data, size);
+            trace_vfio_nvidia_3d0_quirk_write(data, size);
             return;
         }
         break;
@@ -2029,13 +1752,13 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_nvidia_3d0_quirk = {
     .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
 };
 
-static void vfio_vga_probe_nvidia_3d0_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_vga_probe_nvidia_3d0_quirk(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     VFIOQuirk *quirk;
 
     if (pci_get_word(pdev->config + PCI_VENDOR_ID) != PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA ||
-        !vdev->bars[1].size) {
+        !vdev->bars[1].region.size) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -2057,9 +1780,7 @@ static void vfio_vga_probe_nvidia_3d0_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev)
     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI].quirks,
                       quirk, next);
 
-    DPRINTF("Enabled NVIDIA VGA 0x3d0 quirk for device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_vga_probe_nvidia_3d0_quirk(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2121,7 +1842,7 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_nvidia_bar5_window_quirk = {
     .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
 };
 
-static void vfio_probe_nvidia_bar5_window_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
+static void vfio_probe_nvidia_bar5_window_quirk(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int nr)
 {
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     VFIOQuirk *quirk;
@@ -2143,20 +1864,19 @@ static void vfio_probe_nvidia_bar5_window_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
     memory_region_init_io(&quirk->mem, OBJECT(vdev),
                           &vfio_nvidia_bar5_window_quirk, quirk,
                           "vfio-nvidia-bar5-window-quirk", 16);
-    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].mem, 0, &quirk->mem, 1);
+    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].region.mem,
+                                        0, &quirk->mem, 1);
 
     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vdev->bars[nr].quirks, quirk, next);
 
-    DPRINTF("Enabled NVIDIA BAR5 window quirk for device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_probe_nvidia_bar5_window_quirk(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 }
 
 static void vfio_nvidia_88000_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                                           uint64_t data, unsigned size)
 {
     VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     hwaddr base = quirk->data.address_match & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
 
@@ -2170,7 +1890,8 @@ static void vfio_nvidia_88000_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
      */
     if ((pdev->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MSI) &&
         vfio_range_contained(addr, size, pdev->msi_cap, PCI_MSI_FLAGS)) {
-        vfio_bar_write(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar], addr + base, data, size);
+        vfio_region_write(&vdev->bars[quirk->data.bar].region,
+                          addr + base, data, size);
     }
 }
 
@@ -2189,7 +1910,7 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_nvidia_88000_quirk = {
  *
  * Here's offset 0x88000...
  */
-static void vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_88000_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
+static void vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_88000_quirk(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int nr)
 {
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     VFIOQuirk *quirk;
@@ -2213,21 +1934,19 @@ static void vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_88000_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
     memory_region_init_io(&quirk->mem, OBJECT(vdev), &vfio_nvidia_88000_quirk,
                           quirk, "vfio-nvidia-bar0-88000-quirk",
                           TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(quirk->data.address_mask + 1));
-    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].mem,
+    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].region.mem,
                           quirk->data.address_match & TARGET_PAGE_MASK,
                           &quirk->mem, 1);
 
     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vdev->bars[nr].quirks, quirk, next);
 
-    DPRINTF("Enabled NVIDIA BAR0 0x88000 quirk for device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_88000_quirk(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 }
 
 /*
  * And here's the same for BAR0 offset 0x1800...
  */
-static void vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_1800_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
+static void vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_1800_quirk(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int nr)
 {
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     VFIOQuirk *quirk;
@@ -2238,8 +1957,9 @@ static void vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_1800_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
     }
 
     /* Log the chipset ID */
-    DPRINTF("Nvidia NV%02x\n",
-            (unsigned int)(vfio_bar_read(&vdev->bars[0], 0, 4) >> 20) & 0xff);
+    trace_vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_1800_quirk_id(
+            (unsigned int)(vfio_region_read(&vdev->bars[0].region, 0, 4) >> 20)
+            & 0xff);
 
     quirk = g_malloc0(sizeof(*quirk));
     quirk->vdev = vdev;
@@ -2251,15 +1971,13 @@ static void vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_1800_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
     memory_region_init_io(&quirk->mem, OBJECT(vdev), &vfio_generic_quirk, quirk,
                           "vfio-nvidia-bar0-1800-quirk",
                           TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(quirk->data.address_mask + 1));
-    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].mem,
+    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].region.mem,
                           quirk->data.address_match & TARGET_PAGE_MASK,
                           &quirk->mem, 1);
 
     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vdev->bars[nr].quirks, quirk, next);
 
-    DPRINTF("Enabled NVIDIA BAR0 0x1800 quirk for device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_1800_quirk(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2271,13 +1989,13 @@ static void vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_1800_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
 /*
  * Common quirk probe entry points.
  */
-static void vfio_vga_quirk_setup(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_vga_quirk_setup(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     vfio_vga_probe_ati_3c3_quirk(vdev);
     vfio_vga_probe_nvidia_3d0_quirk(vdev);
 }
 
-static void vfio_vga_quirk_teardown(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_vga_quirk_teardown(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     int i;
 
@@ -2292,7 +2010,7 @@ static void vfio_vga_quirk_teardown(VFIODevice *vdev)
     }
 }
 
-static void vfio_bar_quirk_setup(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
+static void vfio_bar_quirk_setup(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int nr)
 {
     vfio_probe_ati_bar4_window_quirk(vdev, nr);
     vfio_probe_ati_bar2_4000_quirk(vdev, nr);
@@ -2302,13 +2020,13 @@ static void vfio_bar_quirk_setup(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
     vfio_probe_rtl8168_bar2_window_quirk(vdev, nr);
 }
 
-static void vfio_bar_quirk_teardown(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
+static void vfio_bar_quirk_teardown(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int nr)
 {
     VFIOBAR *bar = &vdev->bars[nr];
 
     while (!QLIST_EMPTY(&bar->quirks)) {
         VFIOQuirk *quirk = QLIST_FIRST(&bar->quirks);
-        memory_region_del_subregion(&bar->mem, &quirk->mem);
+        memory_region_del_subregion(&bar->region.mem, &quirk->mem);
         object_unparent(OBJECT(&quirk->mem));
         QLIST_REMOVE(quirk, next);
         g_free(quirk);
@@ -2320,7 +2038,7 @@ static void vfio_bar_quirk_teardown(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
  */
 static uint32_t vfio_pci_read_config(PCIDevice *pdev, uint32_t addr, int len)
 {
-    VFIODevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIODevice, pdev, pdev);
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, pdev);
     uint32_t emu_bits = 0, emu_val = 0, phys_val = 0, val;
 
     memcpy(&emu_bits, vdev->emulated_config_bits + addr, len);
@@ -2333,7 +2051,8 @@ static uint32_t vfio_pci_read_config(PCIDevice *pdev, uint32_t addr, int len)
     if (~emu_bits & (0xffffffffU >> (32 - len * 8))) {
         ssize_t ret;
 
-        ret = pread(vdev->fd, &phys_val, len, vdev->config_offset + addr);
+        ret = pread(vdev->vbasedev.fd, &phys_val, len,
+                    vdev->config_offset + addr);
         if (ret != len) {
             error_report("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x, 0x%x, 0x%x) failed: %m",
                          __func__, vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus,
@@ -2345,9 +2064,7 @@ static uint32_t vfio_pci_read_config(PCIDevice *pdev, uint32_t addr, int len)
 
     val = (emu_val & emu_bits) | (phys_val & ~emu_bits);
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x, @0x%x, len=0x%x) %x\n", __func__,
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function, addr, len, val);
+    trace_vfio_pci_read_config(vdev->vbasedev.name, addr, len, val);
 
     return val;
 }
@@ -2355,15 +2072,14 @@ static uint32_t vfio_pci_read_config(PCIDevice *pdev, uint32_t addr, int len)
 static void vfio_pci_write_config(PCIDevice *pdev, uint32_t addr,
                                   uint32_t val, int len)
 {
-    VFIODevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIODevice, pdev, pdev);
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, pdev);
     uint32_t val_le = cpu_to_le32(val);
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x, @0x%x, 0x%x, len=0x%x)\n", __func__,
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function, addr, val, len);
+    trace_vfio_pci_write_config(vdev->vbasedev.name, addr, val, len);
 
     /* Write everything to VFIO, let it filter out what we can't write */
-    if (pwrite(vdev->fd, &val_le, len, vdev->config_offset + addr) != len) {
+    if (pwrite(vdev->vbasedev.fd, &val_le, len, vdev->config_offset + addr)
+                != len) {
         error_report("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x, 0x%x, 0x%x, 0x%x) failed: %m",
                      __func__, vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus,
                      vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function, addr, val, len);
@@ -2409,310 +2125,9 @@ static void vfio_pci_write_config(PCIDevice *pdev, uint32_t addr,
 }
 
 /*
- * DMA - Mapping and unmapping for the "type1" IOMMU interface used on x86
- */
-static int vfio_dma_unmap(VFIOContainer *container,
-                          hwaddr iova, ram_addr_t size)
-{
-    struct vfio_iommu_type1_dma_unmap unmap = {
-        .argsz = sizeof(unmap),
-        .flags = 0,
-        .iova = iova,
-        .size = size,
-    };
-
-    if (ioctl(container->fd, VFIO_IOMMU_UNMAP_DMA, &unmap)) {
-        DPRINTF("VFIO_UNMAP_DMA: %d\n", -errno);
-        return -errno;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int vfio_dma_map(VFIOContainer *container, hwaddr iova,
-                        ram_addr_t size, void *vaddr, bool readonly)
-{
-    struct vfio_iommu_type1_dma_map map = {
-        .argsz = sizeof(map),
-        .flags = VFIO_DMA_MAP_FLAG_READ,
-        .vaddr = (__u64)(uintptr_t)vaddr,
-        .iova = iova,
-        .size = size,
-    };
-
-    if (!readonly) {
-        map.flags |= VFIO_DMA_MAP_FLAG_WRITE;
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Try the mapping, if it fails with EBUSY, unmap the region and try
-     * again.  This shouldn't be necessary, but we sometimes see it in
-     * the the VGA ROM space.
-     */
-    if (ioctl(container->fd, VFIO_IOMMU_MAP_DMA, &map) == 0 ||
-        (errno == EBUSY && vfio_dma_unmap(container, iova, size) == 0 &&
-         ioctl(container->fd, VFIO_IOMMU_MAP_DMA, &map) == 0)) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    DPRINTF("VFIO_MAP_DMA: %d\n", -errno);
-    return -errno;
-}
-
-static bool vfio_listener_skipped_section(MemoryRegionSection *section)
-{
-    return (!memory_region_is_ram(section->mr) &&
-            !memory_region_is_iommu(section->mr)) ||
-           /*
-            * Sizing an enabled 64-bit BAR can cause spurious mappings to
-            * addresses in the upper part of the 64-bit address space.  These
-            * are never accessed by the CPU and beyond the address width of
-            * some IOMMU hardware.  TODO: VFIO should tell us the IOMMU width.
-            */
-           section->offset_within_address_space & (1ULL << 63);
-}
-
-static void vfio_iommu_map_notify(Notifier *n, void *data)
-{
-    VFIOGuestIOMMU *giommu = container_of(n, VFIOGuestIOMMU, n);
-    VFIOContainer *container = giommu->container;
-    IOMMUTLBEntry *iotlb = data;
-    MemoryRegion *mr;
-    hwaddr xlat;
-    hwaddr len = iotlb->addr_mask + 1;
-    void *vaddr;
-    int ret;
-
-    DPRINTF("iommu map @ %"HWADDR_PRIx" - %"HWADDR_PRIx"\n",
-            iotlb->iova, iotlb->iova + iotlb->addr_mask);
-
-    /*
-     * The IOMMU TLB entry we have just covers translation through
-     * this IOMMU to its immediate target.  We need to translate
-     * it the rest of the way through to memory.
-     */
-    mr = address_space_translate(&address_space_memory,
-                                 iotlb->translated_addr,
-                                 &xlat, &len, iotlb->perm & IOMMU_WO);
-    if (!memory_region_is_ram(mr)) {
-        DPRINTF("iommu map to non memory area %"HWADDR_PRIx"\n",
-                xlat);
-        return;
-    }
-    /*
-     * Translation truncates length to the IOMMU page size,
-     * check that it did not truncate too much.
-     */
-    if (len & iotlb->addr_mask) {
-        DPRINTF("iommu has granularity incompatible with target AS\n");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if ((iotlb->perm & IOMMU_RW) != IOMMU_NONE) {
-        vaddr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(mr) + xlat;
-
-        ret = vfio_dma_map(container, iotlb->iova,
-                           iotlb->addr_mask + 1, vaddr,
-                           !(iotlb->perm & IOMMU_WO) || mr->readonly);
-        if (ret) {
-            error_report("vfio_dma_map(%p, 0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", "
-                         "0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %p) = %d (%m)",
-                         container, iotlb->iova,
-                         iotlb->addr_mask + 1, vaddr, ret);
-        }
-    } else {
-        ret = vfio_dma_unmap(container, iotlb->iova, iotlb->addr_mask + 1);
-        if (ret) {
-            error_report("vfio_dma_unmap(%p, 0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", "
-                         "0x%"HWADDR_PRIx") = %d (%m)",
-                         container, iotlb->iova,
-                         iotlb->addr_mask + 1, ret);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-static void vfio_listener_region_add(MemoryListener *listener,
-                                     MemoryRegionSection *section)
-{
-    VFIOContainer *container = container_of(listener, VFIOContainer,
-                                            iommu_data.type1.listener);
-    hwaddr iova, end;
-    Int128 llend;
-    void *vaddr;
-    int ret;
-
-    if (vfio_listener_skipped_section(section)) {
-        DPRINTF("SKIPPING region_add %"HWADDR_PRIx" - %"PRIx64"\n",
-                section->offset_within_address_space,
-                section->offset_within_address_space +
-                int128_get64(int128_sub(section->size, int128_one())));
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (unlikely((section->offset_within_address_space & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK) !=
-                 (section->offset_within_region & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK))) {
-        error_report("%s received unaligned region", __func__);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    iova = TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(section->offset_within_address_space);
-    llend = int128_make64(section->offset_within_address_space);
-    llend = int128_add(llend, section->size);
-    llend = int128_and(llend, int128_exts64(TARGET_PAGE_MASK));
-
-    if (int128_ge(int128_make64(iova), llend)) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    memory_region_ref(section->mr);
-
-    if (memory_region_is_iommu(section->mr)) {
-        VFIOGuestIOMMU *giommu;
-
-        DPRINTF("region_add [iommu] %"HWADDR_PRIx" - %"HWADDR_PRIx"\n",
-                iova, int128_get64(int128_sub(llend, int128_one())));
-        /*
-         * FIXME: We should do some checking to see if the
-         * capabilities of the host VFIO IOMMU are adequate to model
-         * the guest IOMMU
-         *
-         * FIXME: For VFIO iommu types which have KVM acceleration to
-         * avoid bouncing all map/unmaps through qemu this way, this
-         * would be the right place to wire that up (tell the KVM
-         * device emulation the VFIO iommu handles to use).
-         */
-        /*
-         * This assumes that the guest IOMMU is empty of
-         * mappings at this point.
-         *
-         * One way of doing this is:
-         * 1. Avoid sharing IOMMUs between emulated devices or different
-         * IOMMU groups.
-         * 2. Implement VFIO_IOMMU_ENABLE in the host kernel to fail if
-         * there are some mappings in IOMMU.
-         *
-         * VFIO on SPAPR does that. Other IOMMU models may do that different,
-         * they must make sure there are no existing mappings or
-         * loop through existing mappings to map them into VFIO.
-         */
-        giommu = g_malloc0(sizeof(*giommu));
-        giommu->iommu = section->mr;
-        giommu->container = container;
-        giommu->n.notify = vfio_iommu_map_notify;
-        QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&container->giommu_list, giommu, giommu_next);
-        memory_region_register_iommu_notifier(giommu->iommu, &giommu->n);
-
-        return;
-    }
-
-    /* Here we assume that memory_region_is_ram(section->mr)==true */
-
-    end = int128_get64(llend);
-    vaddr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(section->mr) +
-            section->offset_within_region +
-            (iova - section->offset_within_address_space);
-
-    DPRINTF("region_add [ram] %"HWADDR_PRIx" - %"HWADDR_PRIx" [%p]\n",
-            iova, end - 1, vaddr);
-
-    ret = vfio_dma_map(container, iova, end - iova, vaddr, section->readonly);
-    if (ret) {
-        error_report("vfio_dma_map(%p, 0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", "
-                     "0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %p) = %d (%m)",
-                     container, iova, end - iova, vaddr, ret);
-
-        /*
-         * On the initfn path, store the first error in the container so we
-         * can gracefully fail.  Runtime, there's not much we can do other
-         * than throw a hardware error.
-         */
-        if (!container->iommu_data.type1.initialized) {
-            if (!container->iommu_data.type1.error) {
-                container->iommu_data.type1.error = ret;
-            }
-        } else {
-            hw_error("vfio: DMA mapping failed, unable to continue");
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-static void vfio_listener_region_del(MemoryListener *listener,
-                                     MemoryRegionSection *section)
-{
-    VFIOContainer *container = container_of(listener, VFIOContainer,
-                                            iommu_data.type1.listener);
-    hwaddr iova, end;
-    int ret;
-
-    if (vfio_listener_skipped_section(section)) {
-        DPRINTF("SKIPPING region_del %"HWADDR_PRIx" - %"PRIx64"\n",
-                section->offset_within_address_space,
-                section->offset_within_address_space +
-                int128_get64(int128_sub(section->size, int128_one())));
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (unlikely((section->offset_within_address_space & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK) !=
-                 (section->offset_within_region & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK))) {
-        error_report("%s received unaligned region", __func__);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (memory_region_is_iommu(section->mr)) {
-        VFIOGuestIOMMU *giommu;
-
-        QLIST_FOREACH(giommu, &container->giommu_list, giommu_next) {
-            if (giommu->iommu == section->mr) {
-                memory_region_unregister_iommu_notifier(&giommu->n);
-                QLIST_REMOVE(giommu, giommu_next);
-                g_free(giommu);
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        /*
-         * FIXME: We assume the one big unmap below is adequate to
-         * remove any individual page mappings in the IOMMU which
-         * might have been copied into VFIO. This works for a page table
-         * based IOMMU where a big unmap flattens a large range of IO-PTEs.
-         * That may not be true for all IOMMU types.
-         */
-    }
-
-    iova = TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(section->offset_within_address_space);
-    end = (section->offset_within_address_space + int128_get64(section->size)) &
-          TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
-
-    if (iova >= end) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    DPRINTF("region_del %"HWADDR_PRIx" - %"HWADDR_PRIx"\n",
-            iova, end - 1);
-
-    ret = vfio_dma_unmap(container, iova, end - iova);
-    memory_region_unref(section->mr);
-    if (ret) {
-        error_report("vfio_dma_unmap(%p, 0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", "
-                     "0x%"HWADDR_PRIx") = %d (%m)",
-                     container, iova, end - iova, ret);
-    }
-}
-
-static MemoryListener vfio_memory_listener = {
-    .region_add = vfio_listener_region_add,
-    .region_del = vfio_listener_region_del,
-};
-
-static void vfio_listener_release(VFIOContainer *container)
-{
-    memory_listener_unregister(&container->iommu_data.type1.listener);
-}
-
-/*
  * Interrupt setup
  */
-static void vfio_disable_interrupts(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_disable_interrupts(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     switch (vdev->interrupt) {
     case VFIO_INT_INTx:
@@ -2727,13 +2142,13 @@ static void vfio_disable_interrupts(VFIODevice *vdev)
     }
 }
 
-static int vfio_setup_msi(VFIODevice *vdev, int pos)
+static int vfio_setup_msi(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int pos)
 {
     uint16_t ctrl;
     bool msi_64bit, msi_maskbit;
     int ret, entries;
 
-    if (pread(vdev->fd, &ctrl, sizeof(ctrl),
+    if (pread(vdev->vbasedev.fd, &ctrl, sizeof(ctrl),
               vdev->config_offset + pos + PCI_CAP_FLAGS) != sizeof(ctrl)) {
         return -errno;
     }
@@ -2743,8 +2158,7 @@ static int vfio_setup_msi(VFIODevice *vdev, int pos)
     msi_maskbit = !!(ctrl & PCI_MSI_FLAGS_MASKBIT);
     entries = 1 << ((ctrl & PCI_MSI_FLAGS_QMASK) >> 1);
 
-    DPRINTF("%04x:%02x:%02x.%x PCI MSI CAP @0x%x\n", vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function, pos);
+    trace_vfio_setup_msi(vdev->vbasedev.name, pos);
 
     ret = msi_init(&vdev->pdev, pos, entries, msi_64bit, msi_maskbit);
     if (ret < 0) {
@@ -2767,28 +2181,29 @@ static int vfio_setup_msi(VFIODevice *vdev, int pos)
  * need to first look for where the MSI-X table lives.  So we
  * unfortunately split MSI-X setup across two functions.
  */
-static int vfio_early_setup_msix(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static int vfio_early_setup_msix(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     uint8_t pos;
     uint16_t ctrl;
     uint32_t table, pba;
+    int fd = vdev->vbasedev.fd;
 
     pos = pci_find_capability(&vdev->pdev, PCI_CAP_ID_MSIX);
     if (!pos) {
         return 0;
     }
 
-    if (pread(vdev->fd, &ctrl, sizeof(ctrl),
+    if (pread(fd, &ctrl, sizeof(ctrl),
               vdev->config_offset + pos + PCI_CAP_FLAGS) != sizeof(ctrl)) {
         return -errno;
     }
 
-    if (pread(vdev->fd, &table, sizeof(table),
+    if (pread(fd, &table, sizeof(table),
               vdev->config_offset + pos + PCI_MSIX_TABLE) != sizeof(table)) {
         return -errno;
     }
 
-    if (pread(vdev->fd, &pba, sizeof(pba),
+    if (pread(fd, &pba, sizeof(pba),
               vdev->config_offset + pos + PCI_MSIX_PBA) != sizeof(pba)) {
         return -errno;
     }
@@ -2804,23 +2219,22 @@ static int vfio_early_setup_msix(VFIODevice *vdev)
     vdev->msix->pba_offset = pba & ~PCI_MSIX_FLAGS_BIRMASK;
     vdev->msix->entries = (ctrl & PCI_MSIX_FLAGS_QSIZE) + 1;
 
-    DPRINTF("%04x:%02x:%02x.%x "
-            "PCI MSI-X CAP @0x%x, BAR %d, offset 0x%x, entries %d\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function, pos, vdev->msix->table_bar,
-            vdev->msix->table_offset, vdev->msix->entries);
+    trace_vfio_early_setup_msix(vdev->vbasedev.name, pos,
+                                vdev->msix->table_bar,
+                                vdev->msix->table_offset,
+                                vdev->msix->entries);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int vfio_setup_msix(VFIODevice *vdev, int pos)
+static int vfio_setup_msix(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int pos)
 {
     int ret;
 
     ret = msix_init(&vdev->pdev, vdev->msix->entries,
-                    &vdev->bars[vdev->msix->table_bar].mem,
+                    &vdev->bars[vdev->msix->table_bar].region.mem,
                     vdev->msix->table_bar, vdev->msix->table_offset,
-                    &vdev->bars[vdev->msix->pba_bar].mem,
+                    &vdev->bars[vdev->msix->pba_bar].region.mem,
                     vdev->msix->pba_bar, vdev->msix->pba_offset, pos);
     if (ret < 0) {
         if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
@@ -2833,99 +2247,61 @@ static int vfio_setup_msix(VFIODevice *vdev, int pos)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static void vfio_teardown_msi(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_teardown_msi(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     msi_uninit(&vdev->pdev);
 
     if (vdev->msix) {
-        msix_uninit(&vdev->pdev, &vdev->bars[vdev->msix->table_bar].mem,
-                    &vdev->bars[vdev->msix->pba_bar].mem);
+        msix_uninit(&vdev->pdev,
+                    &vdev->bars[vdev->msix->table_bar].region.mem,
+                    &vdev->bars[vdev->msix->pba_bar].region.mem);
     }
 }
 
 /*
  * Resource setup
  */
-static void vfio_mmap_set_enabled(VFIODevice *vdev, bool enabled)
+static void vfio_mmap_set_enabled(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, bool enabled)
 {
     int i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < PCI_ROM_SLOT; i++) {
         VFIOBAR *bar = &vdev->bars[i];
 
-        if (!bar->size) {
+        if (!bar->region.size) {
             continue;
         }
 
-        memory_region_set_enabled(&bar->mmap_mem, enabled);
+        memory_region_set_enabled(&bar->region.mmap_mem, enabled);
         if (vdev->msix && vdev->msix->table_bar == i) {
             memory_region_set_enabled(&vdev->msix->mmap_mem, enabled);
         }
     }
 }
 
-static void vfio_unmap_bar(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
+static void vfio_unmap_bar(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int nr)
 {
     VFIOBAR *bar = &vdev->bars[nr];
 
-    if (!bar->size) {
+    if (!bar->region.size) {
         return;
     }
 
     vfio_bar_quirk_teardown(vdev, nr);
 
-    memory_region_del_subregion(&bar->mem, &bar->mmap_mem);
-    munmap(bar->mmap, memory_region_size(&bar->mmap_mem));
+    memory_region_del_subregion(&bar->region.mem, &bar->region.mmap_mem);
+    munmap(bar->region.mmap, memory_region_size(&bar->region.mmap_mem));
 
     if (vdev->msix && vdev->msix->table_bar == nr) {
-        memory_region_del_subregion(&bar->mem, &vdev->msix->mmap_mem);
+        memory_region_del_subregion(&bar->region.mem, &vdev->msix->mmap_mem);
         munmap(vdev->msix->mmap, memory_region_size(&vdev->msix->mmap_mem));
     }
 }
 
-static int vfio_mmap_bar(VFIODevice *vdev, VFIOBAR *bar,
-                         MemoryRegion *mem, MemoryRegion *submem,
-                         void **map, size_t size, off_t offset,
-                         const char *name)
-{
-    int ret = 0;
-
-    if (VFIO_ALLOW_MMAP && size && bar->flags & VFIO_REGION_INFO_FLAG_MMAP) {
-        int prot = 0;
-
-        if (bar->flags & VFIO_REGION_INFO_FLAG_READ) {
-            prot |= PROT_READ;
-        }
-
-        if (bar->flags & VFIO_REGION_INFO_FLAG_WRITE) {
-            prot |= PROT_WRITE;
-        }
-
-        *map = mmap(NULL, size, prot, MAP_SHARED,
-                    bar->fd, bar->fd_offset + offset);
-        if (*map == MAP_FAILED) {
-            *map = NULL;
-            ret = -errno;
-            goto empty_region;
-        }
-
-        memory_region_init_ram_ptr(submem, OBJECT(vdev), name, size, *map);
-        memory_region_set_skip_dump(submem);
-    } else {
-empty_region:
-        /* Create a zero sized sub-region to make cleanup easy. */
-        memory_region_init(submem, OBJECT(vdev), name, 0);
-    }
-
-    memory_region_add_subregion(mem, offset, submem);
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
-static void vfio_map_bar(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
+static void vfio_map_bar(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int nr)
 {
     VFIOBAR *bar = &vdev->bars[nr];
-    unsigned size = bar->size;
+    unsigned size = bar->region.size;
     char name[64];
     uint32_t pci_bar;
     uint8_t type;
@@ -2941,7 +2317,7 @@ static void vfio_map_bar(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
              vdev->host.function, nr);
 
     /* Determine what type of BAR this is for registration */
-    ret = pread(vdev->fd, &pci_bar, sizeof(pci_bar),
+    ret = pread(vdev->vbasedev.fd, &pci_bar, sizeof(pci_bar),
                 vdev->config_offset + PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0 + (4 * nr));
     if (ret != sizeof(pci_bar)) {
         error_report("vfio: Failed to read BAR %d (%m)", nr);
@@ -2955,9 +2331,9 @@ static void vfio_map_bar(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
                                     ~PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_MASK);
 
     /* A "slow" read/write mapping underlies all BARs */
-    memory_region_init_io(&bar->mem, OBJECT(vdev), &vfio_bar_ops,
+    memory_region_init_io(&bar->region.mem, OBJECT(vdev), &vfio_region_ops,
                           bar, name, size);
-    pci_register_bar(&vdev->pdev, nr, type, &bar->mem);
+    pci_register_bar(&vdev->pdev, nr, type, &bar->region.mem);
 
     /*
      * We can't mmap areas overlapping the MSIX vector table, so we
@@ -2968,8 +2344,9 @@ static void vfio_map_bar(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
     }
 
     strncat(name, " mmap", sizeof(name) - strlen(name) - 1);
-    if (vfio_mmap_bar(vdev, bar, &bar->mem,
-                      &bar->mmap_mem, &bar->mmap, size, 0, name)) {
+    if (vfio_mmap_region(OBJECT(vdev), &bar->region, &bar->region.mem,
+                      &bar->region.mmap_mem, &bar->region.mmap,
+                      size, 0, name)) {
         error_report("%s unsupported. Performance may be slow", name);
     }
 
@@ -2979,10 +2356,11 @@ static void vfio_map_bar(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
         start = HOST_PAGE_ALIGN(vdev->msix->table_offset +
                                 (vdev->msix->entries * PCI_MSIX_ENTRY_SIZE));
 
-        size = start < bar->size ? bar->size - start : 0;
+        size = start < bar->region.size ? bar->region.size - start : 0;
         strncat(name, " msix-hi", sizeof(name) - strlen(name) - 1);
         /* VFIOMSIXInfo contains another MemoryRegion for this mapping */
-        if (vfio_mmap_bar(vdev, bar, &bar->mem, &vdev->msix->mmap_mem,
+        if (vfio_mmap_region(OBJECT(vdev), &bar->region, &bar->region.mem,
+                          &vdev->msix->mmap_mem,
                           &vdev->msix->mmap, size, start, name)) {
             error_report("%s unsupported. Performance may be slow", name);
         }
@@ -2991,7 +2369,7 @@ static void vfio_map_bar(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
     vfio_bar_quirk_setup(vdev, nr);
 }
 
-static void vfio_map_bars(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_map_bars(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     int i;
 
@@ -3023,7 +2401,7 @@ static void vfio_map_bars(VFIODevice *vdev)
     }
 }
 
-static void vfio_unmap_bars(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_unmap_bars(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     int i;
 
@@ -3059,7 +2437,7 @@ static void vfio_set_word_bits(uint8_t *buf, uint16_t val, uint16_t mask)
     pci_set_word(buf, (pci_get_word(buf) & ~mask) | val);
 }
 
-static void vfio_add_emulated_word(VFIODevice *vdev, int pos,
+static void vfio_add_emulated_word(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int pos,
                                    uint16_t val, uint16_t mask)
 {
     vfio_set_word_bits(vdev->pdev.config + pos, val, mask);
@@ -3072,7 +2450,7 @@ static void vfio_set_long_bits(uint8_t *buf, uint32_t val, uint32_t mask)
     pci_set_long(buf, (pci_get_long(buf) & ~mask) | val);
 }
 
-static void vfio_add_emulated_long(VFIODevice *vdev, int pos,
+static void vfio_add_emulated_long(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int pos,
                                    uint32_t val, uint32_t mask)
 {
     vfio_set_long_bits(vdev->pdev.config + pos, val, mask);
@@ -3080,7 +2458,7 @@ static void vfio_add_emulated_long(VFIODevice *vdev, int pos,
     vfio_set_long_bits(vdev->emulated_config_bits + pos, mask, mask);
 }
 
-static int vfio_setup_pcie_cap(VFIODevice *vdev, int pos, uint8_t size)
+static int vfio_setup_pcie_cap(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int pos, uint8_t size)
 {
     uint16_t flags;
     uint8_t type;
@@ -3172,43 +2550,37 @@ static int vfio_setup_pcie_cap(VFIODevice *vdev, int pos, uint8_t size)
     return pos;
 }
 
-static void vfio_check_pcie_flr(VFIODevice *vdev, uint8_t pos)
+static void vfio_check_pcie_flr(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, uint8_t pos)
 {
     uint32_t cap = pci_get_long(vdev->pdev.config + pos + PCI_EXP_DEVCAP);
 
     if (cap & PCI_EXP_DEVCAP_FLR) {
-        DPRINTF("%04x:%02x:%02x.%x Supports FLR via PCIe cap\n",
-                vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-                vdev->host.function);
+        trace_vfio_check_pcie_flr(vdev->vbasedev.name);
         vdev->has_flr = true;
     }
 }
 
-static void vfio_check_pm_reset(VFIODevice *vdev, uint8_t pos)
+static void vfio_check_pm_reset(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, uint8_t pos)
 {
     uint16_t csr = pci_get_word(vdev->pdev.config + pos + PCI_PM_CTRL);
 
     if (!(csr & PCI_PM_CTRL_NO_SOFT_RESET)) {
-        DPRINTF("%04x:%02x:%02x.%x Supports PM reset\n",
-                vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-                vdev->host.function);
+        trace_vfio_check_pm_reset(vdev->vbasedev.name);
         vdev->has_pm_reset = true;
     }
 }
 
-static void vfio_check_af_flr(VFIODevice *vdev, uint8_t pos)
+static void vfio_check_af_flr(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, uint8_t pos)
 {
     uint8_t cap = pci_get_byte(vdev->pdev.config + pos + PCI_AF_CAP);
 
     if ((cap & PCI_AF_CAP_TP) && (cap & PCI_AF_CAP_FLR)) {
-        DPRINTF("%04x:%02x:%02x.%x Supports FLR via AF cap\n",
-                vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-                vdev->host.function);
+        trace_vfio_check_af_flr(vdev->vbasedev.name);
         vdev->has_flr = true;
     }
 }
 
-static int vfio_add_std_cap(VFIODevice *vdev, uint8_t pos)
+static int vfio_add_std_cap(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, uint8_t pos)
 {
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     uint8_t cap_id, next, size;
@@ -3283,7 +2655,7 @@ static int vfio_add_std_cap(VFIODevice *vdev, uint8_t pos)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int vfio_add_capabilities(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static int vfio_add_capabilities(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
 
@@ -3295,7 +2667,7 @@ static int vfio_add_capabilities(VFIODevice *vdev)
     return vfio_add_std_cap(vdev, pdev->config[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST]);
 }
 
-static void vfio_pci_pre_reset(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_pci_pre_reset(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
     uint16_t cmd;
@@ -3332,7 +2704,7 @@ static void vfio_pci_pre_reset(VFIODevice *vdev)
     vfio_pci_write_config(pdev, PCI_COMMAND, cmd, 2);
 }
 
-static void vfio_pci_post_reset(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_pci_post_reset(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     vfio_enable_intx(vdev);
 }
@@ -3344,7 +2716,7 @@ static bool vfio_pci_host_match(PCIHostDeviceAddress *host1,
             host1->slot == host2->slot && host1->function == host2->function);
 }
 
-static int vfio_pci_hot_reset(VFIODevice *vdev, bool single)
+static int vfio_pci_hot_reset(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, bool single)
 {
     VFIOGroup *group;
     struct vfio_pci_hot_reset_info *info;
@@ -3354,17 +2726,15 @@ static int vfio_pci_hot_reset(VFIODevice *vdev, bool single)
     int ret, i, count;
     bool multi = false;
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) %s\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function,
-            single ? "one" : "multi");
+    trace_vfio_pci_hot_reset(vdev->vbasedev.name, single ? "one" : "multi");
 
     vfio_pci_pre_reset(vdev);
-    vdev->needs_reset = false;
+    vdev->vbasedev.needs_reset = false;
 
     info = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info));
     info->argsz = sizeof(*info);
 
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_PCI_HOT_RESET_INFO, info);
+    ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_PCI_HOT_RESET_INFO, info);
     if (ret && errno != ENOSPC) {
         ret = -errno;
         if (!vdev->has_pm_reset) {
@@ -3380,35 +2750,34 @@ static int vfio_pci_hot_reset(VFIODevice *vdev, bool single)
     info->argsz = sizeof(*info) + (count * sizeof(*devices));
     devices = &info->devices[0];
 
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_PCI_HOT_RESET_INFO, info);
+    ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_PCI_HOT_RESET_INFO, info);
     if (ret) {
         ret = -errno;
         error_report("vfio: hot reset info failed: %m");
         goto out_single;
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%04x:%02x:%02x.%x: hot reset dependent devices:\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_pci_hot_reset_has_dep_devices(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 
     /* Verify that we have all the groups required */
     for (i = 0; i < info->count; i++) {
         PCIHostDeviceAddress host;
-        VFIODevice *tmp;
+        VFIOPCIDevice *tmp;
+        VFIODevice *vbasedev_iter;
 
         host.domain = devices[i].segment;
         host.bus = devices[i].bus;
         host.slot = PCI_SLOT(devices[i].devfn);
         host.function = PCI_FUNC(devices[i].devfn);
 
-        DPRINTF("\t%04x:%02x:%02x.%x group %d\n", host.domain,
+        trace_vfio_pci_hot_reset_dep_devices(host.domain,
                 host.bus, host.slot, host.function, devices[i].group_id);
 
         if (vfio_pci_host_match(&host, &vdev->host)) {
             continue;
         }
 
-        QLIST_FOREACH(group, &group_list, next) {
+        QLIST_FOREACH(group, &vfio_group_list, next) {
             if (group->groupid == devices[i].group_id) {
                 break;
             }
@@ -3416,27 +2785,27 @@ static int vfio_pci_hot_reset(VFIODevice *vdev, bool single)
 
         if (!group) {
             if (!vdev->has_pm_reset) {
-                error_report("vfio: Cannot reset device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x, "
+                error_report("vfio: Cannot reset device %s, "
                              "depends on group %d which is not owned.",
-                             vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-                             vdev->host.function, devices[i].group_id);
+                             vdev->vbasedev.name, devices[i].group_id);
             }
             ret = -EPERM;
             goto out;
         }
 
         /* Prep dependent devices for reset and clear our marker. */
-        QLIST_FOREACH(tmp, &group->device_list, next) {
+        QLIST_FOREACH(vbasedev_iter, &group->device_list, next) {
+            if (vbasedev_iter->type != VFIO_DEVICE_TYPE_PCI) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            tmp = container_of(vbasedev_iter, VFIOPCIDevice, vbasedev);
             if (vfio_pci_host_match(&host, &tmp->host)) {
                 if (single) {
-                    DPRINTF("vfio: found another in-use device "
-                            "%04x:%02x:%02x.%x\n", host.domain, host.bus,
-                            host.slot, host.function);
                     ret = -EINVAL;
                     goto out_single;
                 }
                 vfio_pci_pre_reset(tmp);
-                tmp->needs_reset = false;
+                tmp->vbasedev.needs_reset = false;
                 multi = true;
                 break;
             }
@@ -3444,14 +2813,13 @@ static int vfio_pci_hot_reset(VFIODevice *vdev, bool single)
     }
 
     if (!single && !multi) {
-        DPRINTF("vfio: No other in-use devices for multi hot reset\n");
         ret = -EINVAL;
         goto out_single;
     }
 
     /* Determine how many group fds need to be passed */
     count = 0;
-    QLIST_FOREACH(group, &group_list, next) {
+    QLIST_FOREACH(group, &vfio_group_list, next) {
         for (i = 0; i < info->count; i++) {
             if (group->groupid == devices[i].group_id) {
                 count++;
@@ -3465,7 +2833,7 @@ static int vfio_pci_hot_reset(VFIODevice *vdev, bool single)
     fds = &reset->group_fds[0];
 
     /* Fill in group fds */
-    QLIST_FOREACH(group, &group_list, next) {
+    QLIST_FOREACH(group, &vfio_group_list, next) {
         for (i = 0; i < info->count; i++) {
             if (group->groupid == devices[i].group_id) {
                 fds[reset->count++] = group->fd;
@@ -3475,18 +2843,18 @@ static int vfio_pci_hot_reset(VFIODevice *vdev, bool single)
     }
 
     /* Bus reset! */
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_PCI_HOT_RESET, reset);
+    ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_PCI_HOT_RESET, reset);
     g_free(reset);
 
-    DPRINTF("%04x:%02x:%02x.%x hot reset: %s\n", vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function,
-            ret ? "%m" : "Success");
+    trace_vfio_pci_hot_reset_result(vdev->vbasedev.name,
+                                    ret ? "%m" : "Success");
 
 out:
     /* Re-enable INTx on affected devices */
     for (i = 0; i < info->count; i++) {
         PCIHostDeviceAddress host;
-        VFIODevice *tmp;
+        VFIOPCIDevice *tmp;
+        VFIODevice *vbasedev_iter;
 
         host.domain = devices[i].segment;
         host.bus = devices[i].bus;
@@ -3497,7 +2865,7 @@ out:
             continue;
         }
 
-        QLIST_FOREACH(group, &group_list, next) {
+        QLIST_FOREACH(group, &vfio_group_list, next) {
             if (group->groupid == devices[i].group_id) {
                 break;
             }
@@ -3507,7 +2875,11 @@ out:
             break;
         }
 
-        QLIST_FOREACH(tmp, &group->device_list, next) {
+        QLIST_FOREACH(vbasedev_iter, &group->device_list, next) {
+            if (vbasedev_iter->type != VFIO_DEVICE_TYPE_PCI) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            tmp = container_of(vbasedev_iter, VFIOPCIDevice, vbasedev);
             if (vfio_pci_host_match(&host, &tmp->host)) {
                 vfio_pci_post_reset(tmp);
                 break;
@@ -3536,439 +2908,90 @@ out_single:
  * _one() will only do a hot reset for the one in-use devices case, calling
  * _multi() will do nothing if a _one() would have been sufficient.
  */
-static int vfio_pci_hot_reset_one(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static int vfio_pci_hot_reset_one(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     return vfio_pci_hot_reset(vdev, true);
 }
 
-static int vfio_pci_hot_reset_multi(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static int vfio_pci_hot_reset_multi(VFIODevice *vbasedev)
 {
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = container_of(vbasedev, VFIOPCIDevice, vbasedev);
     return vfio_pci_hot_reset(vdev, false);
 }
 
-static void vfio_pci_reset_handler(void *opaque)
-{
-    VFIOGroup *group;
-    VFIODevice *vdev;
-
-    QLIST_FOREACH(group, &group_list, next) {
-        QLIST_FOREACH(vdev, &group->device_list, next) {
-            if (!vdev->reset_works || (!vdev->has_flr && vdev->has_pm_reset)) {
-                vdev->needs_reset = true;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    QLIST_FOREACH(group, &group_list, next) {
-        QLIST_FOREACH(vdev, &group->device_list, next) {
-            if (vdev->needs_reset) {
-                vfio_pci_hot_reset_multi(vdev);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-static void vfio_kvm_device_add_group(VFIOGroup *group)
-{
-#ifdef CONFIG_KVM
-    struct kvm_device_attr attr = {
-        .group = KVM_DEV_VFIO_GROUP,
-        .attr = KVM_DEV_VFIO_GROUP_ADD,
-        .addr = (uint64_t)(unsigned long)&group->fd,
-    };
-
-    if (!kvm_enabled()) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (vfio_kvm_device_fd < 0) {
-        struct kvm_create_device cd = {
-            .type = KVM_DEV_TYPE_VFIO,
-        };
-
-        if (kvm_vm_ioctl(kvm_state, KVM_CREATE_DEVICE, &cd)) {
-            DPRINTF("KVM_CREATE_DEVICE: %m\n");
-            return;
-        }
-
-        vfio_kvm_device_fd = cd.fd;
-    }
-
-    if (ioctl(vfio_kvm_device_fd, KVM_SET_DEVICE_ATTR, &attr)) {
-        error_report("Failed to add group %d to KVM VFIO device: %m",
-                     group->groupid);
-    }
-#endif
-}
-
-static void vfio_kvm_device_del_group(VFIOGroup *group)
-{
-#ifdef CONFIG_KVM
-    struct kvm_device_attr attr = {
-        .group = KVM_DEV_VFIO_GROUP,
-        .attr = KVM_DEV_VFIO_GROUP_DEL,
-        .addr = (uint64_t)(unsigned long)&group->fd,
-    };
-
-    if (vfio_kvm_device_fd < 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (ioctl(vfio_kvm_device_fd, KVM_SET_DEVICE_ATTR, &attr)) {
-        error_report("Failed to remove group %d from KVM VFIO device: %m",
-                     group->groupid);
-    }
-#endif
-}
-
-static VFIOAddressSpace *vfio_get_address_space(AddressSpace *as)
-{
-    VFIOAddressSpace *space;
-
-    QLIST_FOREACH(space, &vfio_address_spaces, list) {
-        if (space->as == as) {
-            return space;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /* No suitable VFIOAddressSpace, create a new one */
-    space = g_malloc0(sizeof(*space));
-    space->as = as;
-    QLIST_INIT(&space->containers);
-
-    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vfio_address_spaces, space, list);
-
-    return space;
-}
-
-static void vfio_put_address_space(VFIOAddressSpace *space)
-{
-    if (QLIST_EMPTY(&space->containers)) {
-        QLIST_REMOVE(space, list);
-        g_free(space);
-    }
-}
-
-static int vfio_connect_container(VFIOGroup *group, AddressSpace *as)
-{
-    VFIOContainer *container;
-    int ret, fd;
-    VFIOAddressSpace *space;
-
-    space = vfio_get_address_space(as);
-
-    QLIST_FOREACH(container, &space->containers, next) {
-        if (!ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_SET_CONTAINER, &container->fd)) {
-            group->container = container;
-            QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&container->group_list, group, container_next);
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-
-    fd = qemu_open("/dev/vfio/vfio", O_RDWR);
-    if (fd < 0) {
-        error_report("vfio: failed to open /dev/vfio/vfio: %m");
-        ret = -errno;
-        goto put_space_exit;
-    }
-
-    ret = ioctl(fd, VFIO_GET_API_VERSION);
-    if (ret != VFIO_API_VERSION) {
-        error_report("vfio: supported vfio version: %d, "
-                     "reported version: %d", VFIO_API_VERSION, ret);
-        ret = -EINVAL;
-        goto close_fd_exit;
-    }
-
-    container = g_malloc0(sizeof(*container));
-    container->space = space;
-    container->fd = fd;
-
-    if (ioctl(fd, VFIO_CHECK_EXTENSION, VFIO_TYPE1_IOMMU)) {
-        ret = ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_SET_CONTAINER, &fd);
-        if (ret) {
-            error_report("vfio: failed to set group container: %m");
-            ret = -errno;
-            goto free_container_exit;
-        }
-
-        ret = ioctl(fd, VFIO_SET_IOMMU, VFIO_TYPE1_IOMMU);
-        if (ret) {
-            error_report("vfio: failed to set iommu for container: %m");
-            ret = -errno;
-            goto free_container_exit;
-        }
-
-        container->iommu_data.type1.listener = vfio_memory_listener;
-        container->iommu_data.release = vfio_listener_release;
-
-        memory_listener_register(&container->iommu_data.type1.listener,
-                                 &address_space_memory);
-
-        if (container->iommu_data.type1.error) {
-            ret = container->iommu_data.type1.error;
-            error_report("vfio: memory listener initialization failed for container");
-            goto listener_release_exit;
-        }
-
-        container->iommu_data.type1.initialized = true;
-
-    } else if (ioctl(fd, VFIO_CHECK_EXTENSION, VFIO_SPAPR_TCE_IOMMU)) {
-        ret = ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_SET_CONTAINER, &fd);
-        if (ret) {
-            error_report("vfio: failed to set group container: %m");
-            ret = -errno;
-            goto free_container_exit;
-        }
-
-        ret = ioctl(fd, VFIO_SET_IOMMU, VFIO_SPAPR_TCE_IOMMU);
-        if (ret) {
-            error_report("vfio: failed to set iommu for container: %m");
-            ret = -errno;
-            goto free_container_exit;
-        }
-
-        /*
-         * The host kernel code implementing VFIO_IOMMU_DISABLE is called
-         * when container fd is closed so we do not call it explicitly
-         * in this file.
-         */
-        ret = ioctl(fd, VFIO_IOMMU_ENABLE);
-        if (ret) {
-            error_report("vfio: failed to enable container: %m");
-            ret = -errno;
-            goto free_container_exit;
-        }
-
-        container->iommu_data.type1.listener = vfio_memory_listener;
-        container->iommu_data.release = vfio_listener_release;
-
-        memory_listener_register(&container->iommu_data.type1.listener,
-                                 container->space->as);
-
-    } else {
-        error_report("vfio: No available IOMMU models");
-        ret = -EINVAL;
-        goto free_container_exit;
-    }
-
-    QLIST_INIT(&container->group_list);
-    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&space->containers, container, next);
-
-    group->container = container;
-    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&container->group_list, group, container_next);
-
-    return 0;
-
-listener_release_exit:
-    vfio_listener_release(container);
-
-free_container_exit:
-    g_free(container);
-
-close_fd_exit:
-    close(fd);
-
-put_space_exit:
-    vfio_put_address_space(space);
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
-static void vfio_disconnect_container(VFIOGroup *group)
+static void vfio_pci_compute_needs_reset(VFIODevice *vbasedev)
 {
-    VFIOContainer *container = group->container;
-
-    if (ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_UNSET_CONTAINER, &container->fd)) {
-        error_report("vfio: error disconnecting group %d from container",
-                     group->groupid);
-    }
-
-    QLIST_REMOVE(group, container_next);
-    group->container = NULL;
-
-    if (QLIST_EMPTY(&container->group_list)) {
-        VFIOAddressSpace *space = container->space;
-
-        if (container->iommu_data.release) {
-            container->iommu_data.release(container);
-        }
-        QLIST_REMOVE(container, next);
-        DPRINTF("vfio_disconnect_container: close container->fd\n");
-        close(container->fd);
-        g_free(container);
-
-        vfio_put_address_space(space);
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = container_of(vbasedev, VFIOPCIDevice, vbasedev);
+    if (!vbasedev->reset_works || (!vdev->has_flr && vdev->has_pm_reset)) {
+        vbasedev->needs_reset = true;
     }
 }
 
-static VFIOGroup *vfio_get_group(int groupid, AddressSpace *as)
-{
-    VFIOGroup *group;
-    char path[32];
-    struct vfio_group_status status = { .argsz = sizeof(status) };
-
-    QLIST_FOREACH(group, &group_list, next) {
-        if (group->groupid == groupid) {
-            /* Found it.  Now is it already in the right context? */
-            if (group->container->space->as == as) {
-                return group;
-            } else {
-                error_report("vfio: group %d used in multiple address spaces",
-                             group->groupid);
-                return NULL;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    group = g_malloc0(sizeof(*group));
-
-    snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/dev/vfio/%d", groupid);
-    group->fd = qemu_open(path, O_RDWR);
-    if (group->fd < 0) {
-        error_report("vfio: error opening %s: %m", path);
-        goto free_group_exit;
-    }
-
-    if (ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_GET_STATUS, &status)) {
-        error_report("vfio: error getting group status: %m");
-        goto close_fd_exit;
-    }
-
-    if (!(status.flags & VFIO_GROUP_FLAGS_VIABLE)) {
-        error_report("vfio: error, group %d is not viable, please ensure "
-                     "all devices within the iommu_group are bound to their "
-                     "vfio bus driver.", groupid);
-        goto close_fd_exit;
-    }
-
-    group->groupid = groupid;
-    QLIST_INIT(&group->device_list);
-
-    if (vfio_connect_container(group, as)) {
-        error_report("vfio: failed to setup container for group %d", groupid);
-        goto close_fd_exit;
-    }
-
-    if (QLIST_EMPTY(&group_list)) {
-        qemu_register_reset(vfio_pci_reset_handler, NULL);
-    }
-
-    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&group_list, group, next);
-
-    vfio_kvm_device_add_group(group);
-
-    return group;
-
-close_fd_exit:
-    close(group->fd);
-
-free_group_exit:
-    g_free(group);
-
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-static void vfio_put_group(VFIOGroup *group)
-{
-    if (!QLIST_EMPTY(&group->device_list)) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    vfio_kvm_device_del_group(group);
-    vfio_disconnect_container(group);
-    QLIST_REMOVE(group, next);
-    DPRINTF("vfio_put_group: close group->fd\n");
-    close(group->fd);
-    g_free(group);
-
-    if (QLIST_EMPTY(&group_list)) {
-        qemu_unregister_reset(vfio_pci_reset_handler, NULL);
-    }
-}
+static VFIODeviceOps vfio_pci_ops = {
+    .vfio_compute_needs_reset = vfio_pci_compute_needs_reset,
+    .vfio_hot_reset_multi = vfio_pci_hot_reset_multi,
+    .vfio_eoi = vfio_eoi,
+    .vfio_populate_device = vfio_populate_device,
+};
 
-static int vfio_get_device(VFIOGroup *group, const char *name, VFIODevice *vdev)
+static int vfio_populate_device(VFIODevice *vbasedev)
 {
-    struct vfio_device_info dev_info = { .argsz = sizeof(dev_info) };
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = container_of(vbasedev, VFIOPCIDevice, vbasedev);
     struct vfio_region_info reg_info = { .argsz = sizeof(reg_info) };
     struct vfio_irq_info irq_info = { .argsz = sizeof(irq_info) };
-    int ret, i;
-
-    ret = ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_GET_DEVICE_FD, name);
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        error_report("vfio: error getting device %s from group %d: %m",
-                     name, group->groupid);
-        error_printf("Verify all devices in group %d are bound to vfio-pci "
-                     "or pci-stub and not already in use\n", group->groupid);
-        return ret;
-    }
-
-    vdev->fd = ret;
-    vdev->group = group;
-    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&group->device_list, vdev, next);
+    int i, ret = -1;
 
     /* Sanity check device */
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_INFO, &dev_info);
-    if (ret) {
-        error_report("vfio: error getting device info: %m");
-        goto error;
-    }
-
-    DPRINTF("Device %s flags: %u, regions: %u, irgs: %u\n", name,
-            dev_info.flags, dev_info.num_regions, dev_info.num_irqs);
-
-    if (!(dev_info.flags & VFIO_DEVICE_FLAGS_PCI)) {
+    if (!(vbasedev->flags & VFIO_DEVICE_FLAGS_PCI)) {
         error_report("vfio: Um, this isn't a PCI device");
         goto error;
     }
 
-    vdev->reset_works = !!(dev_info.flags & VFIO_DEVICE_FLAGS_RESET);
-
-    if (dev_info.num_regions < VFIO_PCI_CONFIG_REGION_INDEX + 1) {
+    if (vbasedev->num_regions < VFIO_PCI_CONFIG_REGION_INDEX + 1) {
         error_report("vfio: unexpected number of io regions %u",
-                     dev_info.num_regions);
+                     vbasedev->num_regions);
         goto error;
     }
 
-    if (dev_info.num_irqs < VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX + 1) {
-        error_report("vfio: unexpected number of irqs %u", dev_info.num_irqs);
+    if (vbasedev->num_irqs < VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX + 1) {
+        error_report("vfio: unexpected number of irqs %u", vbasedev->num_irqs);
         goto error;
     }
 
     for (i = VFIO_PCI_BAR0_REGION_INDEX; i < VFIO_PCI_ROM_REGION_INDEX; i++) {
         reg_info.index = i;
 
-        ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_REGION_INFO, &reg_info);
+        ret = ioctl(vbasedev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_REGION_INFO, &reg_info);
         if (ret) {
             error_report("vfio: Error getting region %d info: %m", i);
             goto error;
         }
 
-        DPRINTF("Device %s region %d:\n", name, i);
-        DPRINTF("  size: 0x%lx, offset: 0x%lx, flags: 0x%lx\n",
-                (unsigned long)reg_info.size, (unsigned long)reg_info.offset,
-                (unsigned long)reg_info.flags);
+        trace_vfio_populate_device_region(vbasedev->name, i,
+                                          (unsigned long)reg_info.size,
+                                          (unsigned long)reg_info.offset,
+                                          (unsigned long)reg_info.flags);
 
-        vdev->bars[i].flags = reg_info.flags;
-        vdev->bars[i].size = reg_info.size;
-        vdev->bars[i].fd_offset = reg_info.offset;
-        vdev->bars[i].fd = vdev->fd;
-        vdev->bars[i].nr = i;
+        vdev->bars[i].region.vbasedev = vbasedev;
+        vdev->bars[i].region.flags = reg_info.flags;
+        vdev->bars[i].region.size = reg_info.size;
+        vdev->bars[i].region.fd_offset = reg_info.offset;
+        vdev->bars[i].region.nr = i;
         QLIST_INIT(&vdev->bars[i].quirks);
     }
 
     reg_info.index = VFIO_PCI_CONFIG_REGION_INDEX;
 
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_REGION_INFO, &reg_info);
+    ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_REGION_INFO, &reg_info);
     if (ret) {
         error_report("vfio: Error getting config info: %m");
         goto error;
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("Device %s config:\n", name);
-    DPRINTF("  size: 0x%lx, offset: 0x%lx, flags: 0x%lx\n",
-            (unsigned long)reg_info.size, (unsigned long)reg_info.offset,
-            (unsigned long)reg_info.flags);
+    trace_vfio_populate_device_config(vdev->vbasedev.name,
+                                      (unsigned long)reg_info.size,
+                                      (unsigned long)reg_info.offset,
+                                      (unsigned long)reg_info.flags);
 
     vdev->config_size = reg_info.size;
     if (vdev->config_size == PCI_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE) {
@@ -3977,13 +3000,13 @@ static int vfio_get_device(VFIOGroup *group, const char *name, VFIODevice *vdev)
     vdev->config_offset = reg_info.offset;
 
     if ((vdev->features & VFIO_FEATURE_ENABLE_VGA) &&
-        dev_info.num_regions > VFIO_PCI_VGA_REGION_INDEX) {
+        vbasedev->num_regions > VFIO_PCI_VGA_REGION_INDEX) {
         struct vfio_region_info vga_info = {
             .argsz = sizeof(vga_info),
             .index = VFIO_PCI_VGA_REGION_INDEX,
          };
 
-        ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_REGION_INFO, &vga_info);
+        ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_REGION_INFO, &vga_info);
         if (ret) {
             error_report(
                 "vfio: Device does not support requested feature x-vga");
@@ -4000,7 +3023,7 @@ static int vfio_get_device(VFIOGroup *group, const char *name, VFIODevice *vdev)
         }
 
         vdev->vga.fd_offset = vga_info.offset;
-        vdev->vga.fd = vdev->fd;
+        vdev->vga.fd = vdev->vbasedev.fd;
 
         vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM].offset = QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM_BASE;
         vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM].nr = QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM;
@@ -4018,44 +3041,36 @@ static int vfio_get_device(VFIOGroup *group, const char *name, VFIODevice *vdev)
     }
     irq_info.index = VFIO_PCI_ERR_IRQ_INDEX;
 
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_IRQ_INFO, &irq_info);
+    ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_IRQ_INFO, &irq_info);
     if (ret) {
         /* This can fail for an old kernel or legacy PCI dev */
-        DPRINTF("VFIO_DEVICE_GET_IRQ_INFO failure: %m\n");
+        trace_vfio_populate_device_get_irq_info_failure();
         ret = 0;
     } else if (irq_info.count == 1) {
         vdev->pci_aer = true;
     } else {
-        error_report("vfio: %04x:%02x:%02x.%x "
+        error_report("vfio: %s "
                      "Could not enable error recovery for the device",
-                     vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-                     vdev->host.function);
+                     vbasedev->name);
     }
 
 error:
-    if (ret) {
-        QLIST_REMOVE(vdev, next);
-        vdev->group = NULL;
-        close(vdev->fd);
-    }
     return ret;
 }
 
-static void vfio_put_device(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_put_device(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
-    QLIST_REMOVE(vdev, next);
-    vdev->group = NULL;
-    DPRINTF("vfio_put_device: close vdev->fd\n");
-    close(vdev->fd);
+    g_free(vdev->vbasedev.name);
     if (vdev->msix) {
         g_free(vdev->msix);
         vdev->msix = NULL;
     }
+    vfio_put_base_device(&vdev->vbasedev);
 }
 
 static void vfio_err_notifier_handler(void *opaque)
 {
-    VFIODevice *vdev = opaque;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = opaque;
 
     if (!event_notifier_test_and_clear(&vdev->err_notifier)) {
         return;
@@ -4084,7 +3099,7 @@ static void vfio_err_notifier_handler(void *opaque)
  * and continue after disabling error recovery support for the
  * device.
  */
-static void vfio_register_err_notifier(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_register_err_notifier(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     int ret;
     int argsz;
@@ -4115,7 +3130,7 @@ static void vfio_register_err_notifier(VFIODevice *vdev)
     *pfd = event_notifier_get_fd(&vdev->err_notifier);
     qemu_set_fd_handler(*pfd, vfio_err_notifier_handler, NULL, vdev);
 
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
+    ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
     if (ret) {
         error_report("vfio: Failed to set up error notification");
         qemu_set_fd_handler(*pfd, NULL, NULL, vdev);
@@ -4125,7 +3140,7 @@ static void vfio_register_err_notifier(VFIODevice *vdev)
     g_free(irq_set);
 }
 
-static void vfio_unregister_err_notifier(VFIODevice *vdev)
+static void vfio_unregister_err_notifier(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 {
     int argsz;
     struct vfio_irq_set *irq_set;
@@ -4148,7 +3163,7 @@ static void vfio_unregister_err_notifier(VFIODevice *vdev)
     pfd = (int32_t *)&irq_set->data;
     *pfd = -1;
 
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
+    ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
     if (ret) {
         error_report("vfio: Failed to de-assign error fd: %m");
     }
@@ -4160,7 +3175,8 @@ static void vfio_unregister_err_notifier(VFIODevice *vdev)
 
 static int vfio_initfn(PCIDevice *pdev)
 {
-    VFIODevice *pvdev, *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIODevice, pdev, pdev);
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, pdev);
+    VFIODevice *vbasedev_iter;
     VFIOGroup *group;
     char path[PATH_MAX], iommu_group_path[PATH_MAX], *group_name;
     ssize_t len;
@@ -4178,6 +3194,13 @@ static int vfio_initfn(PCIDevice *pdev)
         return -errno;
     }
 
+    vdev->vbasedev.ops = &vfio_pci_ops;
+
+    vdev->vbasedev.type = VFIO_DEVICE_TYPE_PCI;
+    vdev->vbasedev.name = g_strdup_printf("%04x:%02x:%02x.%01x",
+                                          vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus,
+                                          vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+
     strncat(path, "iommu_group", sizeof(path) - strlen(path) - 1);
 
     len = readlink(path, iommu_group_path, sizeof(path));
@@ -4194,8 +3217,7 @@ static int vfio_initfn(PCIDevice *pdev)
         return -errno;
     }
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) group %d\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function, groupid);
+    trace_vfio_initfn(vdev->vbasedev.name, groupid);
 
     group = vfio_get_group(groupid, pci_device_iommu_address_space(pdev));
     if (!group) {
@@ -4207,19 +3229,15 @@ static int vfio_initfn(PCIDevice *pdev)
             vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
             vdev->host.function);
 
-    QLIST_FOREACH(pvdev, &group->device_list, next) {
-        if (pvdev->host.domain == vdev->host.domain &&
-            pvdev->host.bus == vdev->host.bus &&
-            pvdev->host.slot == vdev->host.slot &&
-            pvdev->host.function == vdev->host.function) {
-
+    QLIST_FOREACH(vbasedev_iter, &group->device_list, next) {
+        if (strcmp(vbasedev_iter->name, vdev->vbasedev.name) == 0) {
             error_report("vfio: error: device %s is already attached", path);
             vfio_put_group(group);
             return -EBUSY;
         }
     }
 
-    ret = vfio_get_device(group, path, vdev);
+    ret = vfio_get_device(group, path, &vdev->vbasedev);
     if (ret) {
         error_report("vfio: failed to get device %s", path);
         vfio_put_group(group);
@@ -4227,7 +3245,7 @@ static int vfio_initfn(PCIDevice *pdev)
     }
 
     /* Get a copy of config space */
-    ret = pread(vdev->fd, vdev->pdev.config,
+    ret = pread(vdev->vbasedev.fd, vdev->pdev.config,
                 MIN(pci_config_size(&vdev->pdev), vdev->config_size),
                 vdev->config_offset);
     if (ret < (int)MIN(pci_config_size(&vdev->pdev), vdev->config_size)) {
@@ -4313,8 +3331,8 @@ out_put:
 
 static void vfio_exitfn(PCIDevice *pdev)
 {
-    VFIODevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIODevice, pdev, pdev);
-    VFIOGroup *group = vdev->group;
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, pdev);
+    VFIOGroup *group = vdev->vbasedev.group;
 
     vfio_unregister_err_notifier(vdev);
     pci_device_set_intx_routing_notifier(&vdev->pdev, NULL);
@@ -4333,17 +3351,16 @@ static void vfio_exitfn(PCIDevice *pdev)
 static void vfio_pci_reset(DeviceState *dev)
 {
     PCIDevice *pdev = DO_UPCAST(PCIDevice, qdev, dev);
-    VFIODevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIODevice, pdev, pdev);
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, pdev);
 
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x)\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+    trace_vfio_pci_reset(vdev->vbasedev.name);
 
     vfio_pci_pre_reset(vdev);
 
-    if (vdev->reset_works && (vdev->has_flr || !vdev->has_pm_reset) &&
-        !ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_RESET)) {
-        DPRINTF("%04x:%02x:%02x.%x FLR/VFIO_DEVICE_RESET\n", vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+    if (vdev->vbasedev.reset_works &&
+        (vdev->has_flr || !vdev->has_pm_reset) &&
+        !ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_RESET)) {
+        trace_vfio_pci_reset_flr(vdev->vbasedev.name);
         goto post_reset;
     }
 
@@ -4353,10 +3370,9 @@ static void vfio_pci_reset(DeviceState *dev)
     }
 
     /* If nothing else works and the device supports PM reset, use it */
-    if (vdev->reset_works && vdev->has_pm_reset &&
-        !ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_RESET)) {
-        DPRINTF("%04x:%02x:%02x.%x PCI PM Reset\n", vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
+    if (vdev->vbasedev.reset_works && vdev->has_pm_reset &&
+        !ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_RESET)) {
+        trace_vfio_pci_reset_pm(vdev->vbasedev.name);
         goto post_reset;
     }
 
@@ -4367,7 +3383,7 @@ post_reset:
 static void vfio_instance_init(Object *obj)
 {
     PCIDevice *pci_dev = PCI_DEVICE(obj);
-    VFIODevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIODevice, pdev, PCI_DEVICE(obj));
+    VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, PCI_DEVICE(obj));
 
     device_add_bootindex_property(obj, &vdev->bootindex,
                                   "bootindex", NULL,
@@ -4375,15 +3391,16 @@ static void vfio_instance_init(Object *obj)
 }
 
 static Property vfio_pci_dev_properties[] = {
-    DEFINE_PROP_PCI_HOST_DEVADDR("host", VFIODevice, host),
-    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("x-intx-mmap-timeout-ms", VFIODevice,
+    DEFINE_PROP_PCI_HOST_DEVADDR("host", VFIOPCIDevice, host),
+    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("x-intx-mmap-timeout-ms", VFIOPCIDevice,
                        intx.mmap_timeout, 1100),
-    DEFINE_PROP_BIT("x-vga", VFIODevice, features,
+    DEFINE_PROP_BIT("x-vga", VFIOPCIDevice, features,
                     VFIO_FEATURE_ENABLE_VGA_BIT, false),
+    DEFINE_PROP_INT32("bootindex", VFIOPCIDevice, bootindex, -1),
     /*
      * TODO - support passed fds... is this necessary?
-     * DEFINE_PROP_STRING("vfiofd", VFIODevice, vfiofd_name),
-     * DEFINE_PROP_STRING("vfiogroupfd, VFIODevice, vfiogroupfd_name),
+     * DEFINE_PROP_STRING("vfiofd", VFIOPCIDevice, vfiofd_name),
+     * DEFINE_PROP_STRING("vfiogroupfd, VFIOPCIDevice, vfiogroupfd_name),
      */
     DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
 };
@@ -4413,7 +3430,7 @@ static void vfio_pci_dev_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
 static const TypeInfo vfio_pci_dev_info = {
     .name = "vfio-pci",
     .parent = TYPE_PCI_DEVICE,
-    .instance_size = sizeof(VFIODevice),
+    .instance_size = sizeof(VFIOPCIDevice),
     .class_init = vfio_pci_dev_class_init,
     .instance_init = vfio_instance_init,
 };
@@ -4424,47 +3441,3 @@ static void register_vfio_pci_dev_type(void)
 }
 
 type_init(register_vfio_pci_dev_type)
-
-static int vfio_container_do_ioctl(AddressSpace *as, int32_t groupid,
-                                   int req, void *param)
-{
-    VFIOGroup *group;
-    VFIOContainer *container;
-    int ret = -1;
-
-    group = vfio_get_group(groupid, as);
-    if (!group) {
-        error_report("vfio: group %d not registered", groupid);
-        return ret;
-    }
-
-    container = group->container;
-    if (group->container) {
-        ret = ioctl(container->fd, req, param);
-        if (ret < 0) {
-            error_report("vfio: failed to ioctl container: ret=%d, %s",
-                         ret, strerror(errno));
-        }
-    }
-
-    vfio_put_group(group);
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
-int vfio_container_ioctl(AddressSpace *as, int32_t groupid,
-                         int req, void *param)
-{
-    /* We allow only certain ioctls to the container */
-    switch (req) {
-    case VFIO_CHECK_EXTENSION:
-    case VFIO_IOMMU_SPAPR_TCE_GET_INFO:
-        break;
-    default:
-        /* Return an error on unknown requests */
-        error_report("vfio: unsupported ioctl %X", req);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return vfio_container_do_ioctl(as, groupid, req, param);
-}
diff --git a/include/hw/vfio/vfio-common.h b/include/hw/vfio/vfio-common.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d5bfe8fcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/hw/vfio/vfio-common.h
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+/*
+ * common header for vfio based device assignment support
+ *
+ * Copyright Red Hat, Inc. 2012
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *  Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.  See
+ * the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ *
+ * Based on qemu-kvm device-assignment:
+ *  Adapted for KVM by Qumranet.
+ *  Copyright (c) 2007, Neocleus, Alex Novik (alex@neocleus.com)
+ *  Copyright (c) 2007, Neocleus, Guy Zana (guy@neocleus.com)
+ *  Copyright (C) 2008, Qumranet, Amit Shah (amit.shah@qumranet.com)
+ *  Copyright (C) 2008, Red Hat, Amit Shah (amit.shah@redhat.com)
+ *  Copyright (C) 2008, IBM, Muli Ben-Yehuda (muli@il.ibm.com)
+ */
+#ifndef HW_VFIO_VFIO_COMMON_H
+#define HW_VFIO_VFIO_COMMON_H
+
+#include "qemu-common.h"
+#include "exec/address-spaces.h"
+#include "exec/memory.h"
+#include "qemu/queue.h"
+#include "qemu/notify.h"
+
+/*#define DEBUG_VFIO*/
+#ifdef DEBUG_VFIO
+#define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) \
+    do { fprintf(stderr, "vfio: " fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__); } while (0)
+#else
+#define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) \
+    do { } while (0)
+#endif
+
+/* Extra debugging, trap acceleration paths for more logging */
+#define VFIO_ALLOW_MMAP 1
+#define VFIO_ALLOW_KVM_INTX 1
+#define VFIO_ALLOW_KVM_MSI 1
+#define VFIO_ALLOW_KVM_MSIX 1
+
+enum {
+    VFIO_DEVICE_TYPE_PCI = 0,
+};
+
+typedef struct VFIORegion {
+    struct VFIODevice *vbasedev;
+    off_t fd_offset; /* offset of region within device fd */
+    MemoryRegion mem; /* slow, read/write access */
+    MemoryRegion mmap_mem; /* direct mapped access */
+    void *mmap;
+    size_t size;
+    uint32_t flags; /* VFIO region flags (rd/wr/mmap) */
+    uint8_t nr; /* cache the region number for debug */
+} VFIORegion;
+
+typedef struct VFIOAddressSpace {
+    AddressSpace *as;
+    QLIST_HEAD(, VFIOContainer) containers;
+    QLIST_ENTRY(VFIOAddressSpace) list;
+} VFIOAddressSpace;
+
+struct VFIOGroup;
+
+typedef struct VFIOType1 {
+    MemoryListener listener;
+    int error;
+    bool initialized;
+} VFIOType1;
+
+typedef struct VFIOContainer {
+    VFIOAddressSpace *space;
+    int fd; /* /dev/vfio/vfio, empowered by the attached groups */
+    struct {
+        /* enable abstraction to support various iommu backends */
+        union {
+            VFIOType1 type1;
+        };
+        void (*release)(struct VFIOContainer *);
+    } iommu_data;
+    QLIST_HEAD(, VFIOGuestIOMMU) giommu_list;
+    QLIST_HEAD(, VFIOGroup) group_list;
+    QLIST_ENTRY(VFIOContainer) next;
+} VFIOContainer;
+
+typedef struct VFIOGuestIOMMU {
+    VFIOContainer *container;
+    MemoryRegion *iommu;
+    Notifier n;
+    QLIST_ENTRY(VFIOGuestIOMMU) giommu_next;
+} VFIOGuestIOMMU;
+
+typedef struct VFIODeviceOps VFIODeviceOps;
+
+typedef struct VFIODevice {
+    QLIST_ENTRY(VFIODevice) next;
+    struct VFIOGroup *group;
+    char *name;
+    int fd;
+    int type;
+    bool reset_works;
+    bool needs_reset;
+    VFIODeviceOps *ops;
+    unsigned int num_irqs;
+    unsigned int num_regions;
+    unsigned int flags;
+} VFIODevice;
+
+struct VFIODeviceOps {
+    void (*vfio_compute_needs_reset)(VFIODevice *vdev);
+    int (*vfio_hot_reset_multi)(VFIODevice *vdev);
+    void (*vfio_eoi)(VFIODevice *vdev);
+    int (*vfio_populate_device)(VFIODevice *vdev);
+};
+
+typedef struct VFIOGroup {
+    int fd;
+    int groupid;
+    VFIOContainer *container;
+    QLIST_HEAD(, VFIODevice) device_list;
+    QLIST_ENTRY(VFIOGroup) next;
+    QLIST_ENTRY(VFIOGroup) container_next;
+} VFIOGroup;
+
+void vfio_put_base_device(VFIODevice *vbasedev);
+void vfio_disable_irqindex(VFIODevice *vbasedev, int index);
+void vfio_unmask_single_irqindex(VFIODevice *vbasedev, int index);
+void vfio_mask_single_irqindex(VFIODevice *vbasedev, int index);
+void vfio_region_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
+                           uint64_t data, unsigned size);
+uint64_t vfio_region_read(void *opaque,
+                          hwaddr addr, unsigned size);
+void vfio_listener_release(VFIOContainer *container);
+int vfio_mmap_region(Object *vdev, VFIORegion *region,
+                     MemoryRegion *mem, MemoryRegion *submem,
+                     void **map, size_t size, off_t offset,
+                     const char *name);
+void vfio_reset_handler(void *opaque);
+VFIOGroup *vfio_get_group(int groupid, AddressSpace *as);
+void vfio_put_group(VFIOGroup *group);
+int vfio_get_device(VFIOGroup *group, const char *name,
+                    VFIODevice *vbasedev);
+
+extern const MemoryRegionOps vfio_region_ops;
+extern const MemoryListener vfio_memory_listener;
+extern QLIST_HEAD(vfio_group_head, VFIOGroup) vfio_group_list;
+extern QLIST_HEAD(vfio_as_head, VFIOAddressSpace) vfio_address_spaces;
+
+#endif /* !HW_VFIO_VFIO_COMMON_H */
diff --git a/include/hw/misc/vfio.h b/include/hw/vfio/vfio.h
index 0b26cd8e11..0b26cd8e11 100644
--- a/include/hw/misc/vfio.h
+++ b/include/hw/vfio/vfio.h
diff --git a/trace-events b/trace-events
index b5722ea8ae..8acbcce0f0 100644
--- a/trace-events
+++ b/trace-events
@@ -1351,7 +1351,86 @@ xen_pv_mmio_write(uint64_t addr) "WARNING: write to Xen PV Device MMIO space (ad
 pci_cfg_read(const char *dev, unsigned devid, unsigned fnid, unsigned offs, unsigned val) "%s %02u:%u @0x%x -> 0x%x"
 pci_cfg_write(const char *dev, unsigned devid, unsigned fnid, unsigned offs, unsigned val) "%s %02u:%u @0x%x <- 0x%x"
 
-# hw/acpi/memory_hotplug.c
+# hw/vfio/vfio-pci.c
+vfio_intx_interrupt(const char *name, char line) " (%s) Pin %c"
+vfio_eoi(const char *name) " (%s) EOI"
+vfio_enable_intx_kvm(const char *name) " (%s) KVM INTx accel enabled"
+vfio_disable_intx_kvm(const char *name) " (%s) KVM INTx accel disabled"
+vfio_update_irq(const char *name, int new_irq, int target_irq) " (%s) IRQ moved %d -> %d"
+vfio_enable_intx(const char *name) " (%s)"
+vfio_disable_intx(const char *name) " (%s)"
+vfio_msi_interrupt(const char *name, int index, uint64_t addr, int data) " (%s) vector %d 0x%"PRIx64"/0x%x"
+vfio_msix_vector_do_use(const char *name, int index) " (%s) vector %d used"
+vfio_msix_vector_release(const char *name, int index) " (%s) vector %d released"
+vfio_enable_msix(const char *name) " (%s)"
+vfio_enable_msi(const char *name, int nr_vectors) " (%s) Enabled %d MSI vectors"
+vfio_disable_msix(const char *name) " (%s)"
+vfio_disable_msi(const char *name) " (%s)"
+vfio_pci_load_rom(const char *name, unsigned long size, unsigned long offset, unsigned long flags) "Device %s ROM:\n  size: 0x%lx, offset: 0x%lx, flags: 0x%lx"
+vfio_rom_read(const char *name, uint64_t addr, int size, uint64_t data) " (%s, 0x%"PRIx64", 0x%x) = 0x%"PRIx64
+vfio_pci_size_rom(const char *name, int size) "%s ROM size 0x%x"
+vfio_vga_write(uint64_t addr, uint64_t data, int size) " (0x%"PRIx64", 0x%"PRIx64", %d)"
+vfio_vga_read(uint64_t addr, int size, uint64_t data) " (0x%"PRIx64", %d) = 0x%"PRIx64
+# remove ) =
+vfio_generic_window_quirk_read(const char * region_name, const char *name, int index, uint64_t addr, int size, uint64_t data) "%s read(%s:BAR%d+0x%"PRIx64", %d = 0x%"PRIx64
+## remove )
+vfio_generic_window_quirk_write(const char * region_name, const char *name, int index, uint64_t addr, uint64_t data, int size) "%s write(%s:BAR%d+0x%"PRIx64", 0x%"PRIx64", %d"
+# remove ) =
+vfio_generic_quirk_read(const char * region_name, const char *name, int index, uint64_t addr, int size, uint64_t data) "%s read(%s:BAR%d+0x%"PRIx64", %d = 0x%"PRIx64
+# remove )
+vfio_generic_quirk_write(const char * region_name, const char *name, int index, uint64_t addr, uint64_t data, int size) "%s write(%s:BAR%d+0x%"PRIx64", 0x%"PRIx64", %d"
+vfio_ati_3c3_quirk_read(uint64_t data) " (0x3c3, 1) = 0x%"PRIx64
+vfio_vga_probe_ati_3c3_quirk(const char *name) "Enabled ATI/AMD quirk 0x3c3 BAR4for device %s"
+vfio_probe_ati_bar4_window_quirk(const char *name) "Enabled ATI/AMD BAR4 window quirk for device %s"
+#issue with )
+vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_read_fake(const char *region_name, const char *name) "%s fake read(%s"
+vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_read_table(const char *region_name, const char *name) "%s MSI-X table read(%s"
+vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_read_direct(const char *region_name, const char *name) "%s direct read(%s"
+vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_write_table(const char *region_name, const char *name) "%s MSI-X table write(%s"
+vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_write_direct(const char *region_name, const char *name) "%s direct write(%s"
+vfio_probe_rtl8168_bar2_window_quirk(const char *name) "Enabled RTL8168 BAR2 window quirk for device %s"
+vfio_probe_ati_bar2_4000_quirk(const char *name) "Enabled ATI/AMD BAR2 0x4000 quirk for device %s"
+vfio_nvidia_3d0_quirk_read(int size, uint64_t data) " (0x3d0, %d) = 0x%"PRIx64
+vfio_nvidia_3d0_quirk_write(uint64_t data, int size) " (0x3d0, 0x%"PRIx64", %d)"
+vfio_vga_probe_nvidia_3d0_quirk(const char *name) "Enabled NVIDIA VGA 0x3d0 quirk for device %s"
+vfio_probe_nvidia_bar5_window_quirk(const char *name) "Enabled NVIDIA BAR5 window quirk for device %s"
+vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_88000_quirk(const char *name) "Enabled NVIDIA BAR0 0x88000 quirk for device %s"
+vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_1800_quirk_id(int id) "Nvidia NV%02x"
+vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_1800_quirk(const char *name) "Enabled NVIDIA BAR0 0x1800 quirk for device %s"
+vfio_pci_read_config(const char *name, int addr, int len, int val) " (%s, @0x%x, len=0x%x) %x"
+vfio_pci_write_config(const char *name, int addr, int val, int len) " (%s, @0x%x, 0x%x, len=0x%x)"
+vfio_setup_msi(const char *name, int pos) "%s PCI MSI CAP @0x%x"
+vfio_early_setup_msix(const char *name, int pos, int table_bar, int offset, int entries) "%s PCI MSI-X CAP @0x%x, BAR %d, offset 0x%x, entries %d"
+vfio_check_pcie_flr(const char *name) "%s Supports FLR via PCIe cap"
+vfio_check_pm_reset(const char *name) "%s Supports PM reset"
+vfio_check_af_flr(const char *name) "%s Supports FLR via AF cap"
+vfio_pci_hot_reset(const char *name, const char *type) " (%s) %s"
+vfio_pci_hot_reset_has_dep_devices(const char *name) "%s: hot reset dependent devices:"
+vfio_pci_hot_reset_dep_devices(int domain, int bus, int slot, int function, int group_id) "\t%04x:%02x:%02x.%x group %d"
+vfio_pci_hot_reset_result(const char *name, const char *result) "%s hot reset: %s"
+vfio_populate_device_region(const char *region_name, int index, unsigned long size, unsigned long offset, unsigned long flags) "Device %s region %d:\n  size: 0x%lx, offset: 0x%lx, flags: 0x%lx"
+vfio_populate_device_config(const char *name, unsigned long size, unsigned long offset, unsigned long flags) "Device %s config:\n  size: 0x%lx, offset: 0x%lx, flags: 0x%lx"
+vfio_populate_device_get_irq_info_failure(void) "VFIO_DEVICE_GET_IRQ_INFO failure: %m"
+vfio_initfn(const char *name, int group_id) " (%s) group %d"
+vfio_pci_reset(const char *name) " (%s)"
+vfio_pci_reset_flr(const char *name) "%s FLR/VFIO_DEVICE_RESET"
+vfio_pci_reset_pm(const char *name) "%s PCI PM Reset"
+
+# hw/vfio/vfio-common.c
+vfio_region_write(const char *name, int index, uint64_t addr, uint64_t data, unsigned size) " (%s:region%d+0x%"PRIx64", 0x%"PRIx64 ", %d)"
+vfio_region_read(char *name, int index, uint64_t addr, unsigned size, uint64_t data) " (%s:region%d+0x%"PRIx64", %d) = 0x%"PRIx64
+vfio_iommu_map_notify(uint64_t iova_start, uint64_t iova_end) "iommu map @ %"PRIx64" - %"PRIx64
+vfio_listener_region_add_skip(uint64_t start, uint64_t end) "SKIPPING region_add %"PRIx64" - %"PRIx64
+vfio_listener_region_add_iommu(uint64_t start, uint64_t end) "region_add [iommu] %"PRIx64" - %"PRIx64
+vfio_listener_region_add_ram(uint64_t iova_start, uint64_t iova_end, void *vaddr) "region_add [ram] %"PRIx64" - %"PRIx64" [%p]"
+vfio_listener_region_del_skip(uint64_t start, uint64_t end) "SKIPPING region_del %"PRIx64" - %"PRIx64
+vfio_listener_region_del(uint64_t start, uint64_t end) "region_del %"PRIx64" - %"PRIx64
+vfio_disconnect_container(int fd) "close container->fd=%d"
+vfio_put_group(int fd) "close group->fd=%d"
+vfio_get_device(const char * name, unsigned int flags, unsigned int num_regions, unsigned int num_irqs) "Device %s flags: %u, regions: %u, irqs: %u"
+vfio_put_base_device(int fd) "close vdev->fd=%d"
+
+#hw/acpi/memory_hotplug.c
 mhp_acpi_invalid_slot_selected(uint32_t slot) "0x%"PRIx32
 mhp_acpi_read_addr_lo(uint32_t slot, uint32_t addr) "slot[0x%"PRIx32"] addr lo: 0x%"PRIx32
 mhp_acpi_read_addr_hi(uint32_t slot, uint32_t addr) "slot[0x%"PRIx32"] addr hi: 0x%"PRIx32