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authorPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>2013-02-05 15:41:36 +0100
committerPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>2013-04-08 18:13:14 +0200
commitba25df88cc004dffad908b54a71ad8510551e6d2 (patch)
tree900c53772b3ee8a42a5be1118d0a320be64bc3a2 /hw/vfio_pci.c
parentc0907c9e6417cb959dfd9ef6873221536ec91351 (diff)
downloadfocaccia-qemu-ba25df88cc004dffad908b54a71ad8510551e6d2.tar.gz
focaccia-qemu-ba25df88cc004dffad908b54a71ad8510551e6d2.zip
hw: move VFIO and ivshmem to hw/misc/
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Diffstat (limited to 'hw/vfio_pci.c')
-rw-r--r--hw/vfio_pci.c3206
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 3206 deletions
diff --git a/hw/vfio_pci.c b/hw/vfio_pci.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 693a9ffdda..0000000000
--- a/hw/vfio_pci.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3206 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * vfio based device assignment support
- *
- * Copyright Red Hat, Inc. 2012
- *
- * Authors:
- *  Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.  See
- * the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
- *
- * Based on qemu-kvm device-assignment:
- *  Adapted for KVM by Qumranet.
- *  Copyright (c) 2007, Neocleus, Alex Novik (alex@neocleus.com)
- *  Copyright (c) 2007, Neocleus, Guy Zana (guy@neocleus.com)
- *  Copyright (C) 2008, Qumranet, Amit Shah (amit.shah@qumranet.com)
- *  Copyright (C) 2008, Red Hat, Amit Shah (amit.shah@redhat.com)
- *  Copyright (C) 2008, IBM, Muli Ben-Yehuda (muli@il.ibm.com)
- */
-
-#include <dirent.h>
-#include <linux/vfio.h>
-#include <sys/ioctl.h>
-#include <sys/mman.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include "config.h"
-#include "exec/address-spaces.h"
-#include "exec/memory.h"
-#include "hw/pci/msi.h"
-#include "hw/pci/msix.h"
-#include "hw/pci/pci.h"
-#include "qemu-common.h"
-#include "qemu/error-report.h"
-#include "qemu/event_notifier.h"
-#include "qemu/queue.h"
-#include "qemu/range.h"
-#include "sysemu/kvm.h"
-#include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
-
-/* #define DEBUG_VFIO */
-#ifdef DEBUG_VFIO
-#define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) \
-    do { fprintf(stderr, "vfio: " fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__); } while (0)
-#else
-#define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) \
-    do { } while (0)
-#endif
-
-/* Extra debugging, trap acceleration paths for more logging */
-#define VFIO_ALLOW_MMAP 1
-#define VFIO_ALLOW_KVM_INTX 1
-
-struct VFIODevice;
-
-typedef struct VFIOQuirk {
-    MemoryRegion mem;
-    struct VFIODevice *vdev;
-    QLIST_ENTRY(VFIOQuirk) next;
-    uint32_t data;
-    uint32_t data2;
-} VFIOQuirk;
-
-typedef struct VFIOBAR {
-    off_t fd_offset; /* offset of BAR within device fd */
-    int fd; /* device fd, allows us to pass VFIOBAR as opaque data */
-    MemoryRegion mem; /* slow, read/write access */
-    MemoryRegion mmap_mem; /* direct mapped access */
-    void *mmap;
-    size_t size;
-    uint32_t flags; /* VFIO region flags (rd/wr/mmap) */
-    uint8_t nr; /* cache the BAR number for debug */
-    QLIST_HEAD(, VFIOQuirk) quirks;
-} VFIOBAR;
-
-typedef struct VFIOVGARegion {
-    MemoryRegion mem;
-    off_t offset;
-    int nr;
-    QLIST_HEAD(, VFIOQuirk) quirks;
-} VFIOVGARegion;
-
-typedef struct VFIOVGA {
-    off_t fd_offset;
-    int fd;
-    VFIOVGARegion region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_NUM_REGIONS];
-} VFIOVGA;
-
-typedef struct VFIOINTx {
-    bool pending; /* interrupt pending */
-    bool kvm_accel; /* set when QEMU bypass through KVM enabled */
-    uint8_t pin; /* which pin to pull for qemu_set_irq */
-    EventNotifier interrupt; /* eventfd triggered on interrupt */
-    EventNotifier unmask; /* eventfd for unmask on QEMU bypass */
-    PCIINTxRoute route; /* routing info for QEMU bypass */
-    uint32_t mmap_timeout; /* delay to re-enable mmaps after interrupt */
-    QEMUTimer *mmap_timer; /* enable mmaps after periods w/o interrupts */
-} VFIOINTx;
-
-typedef struct VFIOMSIVector {
-    EventNotifier interrupt; /* eventfd triggered on interrupt */
-    struct VFIODevice *vdev; /* back pointer to device */
-    int virq; /* KVM irqchip route for QEMU bypass */
-    bool use;
-} VFIOMSIVector;
-
-enum {
-    VFIO_INT_NONE = 0,
-    VFIO_INT_INTx = 1,
-    VFIO_INT_MSI  = 2,
-    VFIO_INT_MSIX = 3,
-};
-
-struct VFIOGroup;
-
-typedef struct VFIOContainer {
-    int fd; /* /dev/vfio/vfio, empowered by the attached groups */
-    struct {
-        /* enable abstraction to support various iommu backends */
-        union {
-            MemoryListener listener; /* Used by type1 iommu */
-        };
-        void (*release)(struct VFIOContainer *);
-    } iommu_data;
-    QLIST_HEAD(, VFIOGroup) group_list;
-    QLIST_ENTRY(VFIOContainer) next;
-} VFIOContainer;
-
-/* Cache of MSI-X setup plus extra mmap and memory region for split BAR map */
-typedef struct VFIOMSIXInfo {
-    uint8_t table_bar;
-    uint8_t pba_bar;
-    uint16_t entries;
-    uint32_t table_offset;
-    uint32_t pba_offset;
-    MemoryRegion mmap_mem;
-    void *mmap;
-} VFIOMSIXInfo;
-
-typedef struct VFIODevice {
-    PCIDevice pdev;
-    int fd;
-    VFIOINTx intx;
-    unsigned int config_size;
-    uint8_t *emulated_config_bits; /* QEMU emulated bits, little-endian */
-    off_t config_offset; /* Offset of config space region within device fd */
-    unsigned int rom_size;
-    off_t rom_offset; /* Offset of ROM region within device fd */
-    int msi_cap_size;
-    VFIOMSIVector *msi_vectors;
-    VFIOMSIXInfo *msix;
-    int nr_vectors; /* Number of MSI/MSIX vectors currently in use */
-    int interrupt; /* Current interrupt type */
-    VFIOBAR bars[PCI_NUM_REGIONS - 1]; /* No ROM */
-    VFIOVGA vga; /* 0xa0000, 0x3b0, 0x3c0 */
-    PCIHostDeviceAddress host;
-    QLIST_ENTRY(VFIODevice) next;
-    struct VFIOGroup *group;
-    uint32_t features;
-#define VFIO_FEATURE_ENABLE_VGA_BIT 0
-#define VFIO_FEATURE_ENABLE_VGA (1 << VFIO_FEATURE_ENABLE_VGA_BIT)
-    int32_t bootindex;
-    uint8_t pm_cap;
-    bool reset_works;
-    bool has_vga;
-} VFIODevice;
-
-typedef struct VFIOGroup {
-    int fd;
-    int groupid;
-    VFIOContainer *container;
-    QLIST_HEAD(, VFIODevice) device_list;
-    QLIST_ENTRY(VFIOGroup) next;
-    QLIST_ENTRY(VFIOGroup) container_next;
-} VFIOGroup;
-
-#define MSIX_CAP_LENGTH 12
-
-static QLIST_HEAD(, VFIOContainer)
-    container_list = QLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(container_list);
-
-static QLIST_HEAD(, VFIOGroup)
-    group_list = QLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(group_list);
-
-static void vfio_disable_interrupts(VFIODevice *vdev);
-static uint32_t vfio_pci_read_config(PCIDevice *pdev, uint32_t addr, int len);
-static void vfio_pci_write_config(PCIDevice *pdev, uint32_t addr,
-                                  uint32_t val, int len);
-static void vfio_mmap_set_enabled(VFIODevice *vdev, bool enabled);
-
-/*
- * Common VFIO interrupt disable
- */
-static void vfio_disable_irqindex(VFIODevice *vdev, int index)
-{
-    struct vfio_irq_set irq_set = {
-        .argsz = sizeof(irq_set),
-        .flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_NONE | VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_TRIGGER,
-        .index = index,
-        .start = 0,
-        .count = 0,
-    };
-
-    ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, &irq_set);
-}
-
-/*
- * INTx
- */
-static void vfio_unmask_intx(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    struct vfio_irq_set irq_set = {
-        .argsz = sizeof(irq_set),
-        .flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_NONE | VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_UNMASK,
-        .index = VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX,
-        .start = 0,
-        .count = 1,
-    };
-
-    ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, &irq_set);
-}
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_KVM /* Unused outside of CONFIG_KVM code */
-static void vfio_mask_intx(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    struct vfio_irq_set irq_set = {
-        .argsz = sizeof(irq_set),
-        .flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_NONE | VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_MASK,
-        .index = VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX,
-        .start = 0,
-        .count = 1,
-    };
-
-    ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, &irq_set);
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
- * Disabling BAR mmaping can be slow, but toggling it around INTx can
- * also be a huge overhead.  We try to get the best of both worlds by
- * waiting until an interrupt to disable mmaps (subsequent transitions
- * to the same state are effectively no overhead).  If the interrupt has
- * been serviced and the time gap is long enough, we re-enable mmaps for
- * performance.  This works well for things like graphics cards, which
- * may not use their interrupt at all and are penalized to an unusable
- * level by read/write BAR traps.  Other devices, like NICs, have more
- * regular interrupts and see much better latency by staying in non-mmap
- * mode.  We therefore set the default mmap_timeout such that a ping
- * is just enough to keep the mmap disabled.  Users can experiment with
- * other options with the x-intx-mmap-timeout-ms parameter (a value of
- * zero disables the timer).
- */
-static void vfio_intx_mmap_enable(void *opaque)
-{
-    VFIODevice *vdev = opaque;
-
-    if (vdev->intx.pending) {
-        qemu_mod_timer(vdev->intx.mmap_timer,
-                       qemu_get_clock_ms(vm_clock) + vdev->intx.mmap_timeout);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    vfio_mmap_set_enabled(vdev, true);
-}
-
-static void vfio_intx_interrupt(void *opaque)
-{
-    VFIODevice *vdev = opaque;
-
-    if (!event_notifier_test_and_clear(&vdev->intx.interrupt)) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) Pin %c\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function,
-            'A' + vdev->intx.pin);
-
-    vdev->intx.pending = true;
-    qemu_set_irq(vdev->pdev.irq[vdev->intx.pin], 1);
-    vfio_mmap_set_enabled(vdev, false);
-    if (vdev->intx.mmap_timeout) {
-        qemu_mod_timer(vdev->intx.mmap_timer,
-                       qemu_get_clock_ms(vm_clock) + vdev->intx.mmap_timeout);
-    }
-}
-
-static void vfio_eoi(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    if (!vdev->intx.pending) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) EOI\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
-
-    vdev->intx.pending = false;
-    qemu_set_irq(vdev->pdev.irq[vdev->intx.pin], 0);
-    vfio_unmask_intx(vdev);
-}
-
-static void vfio_enable_intx_kvm(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-#ifdef CONFIG_KVM
-    struct kvm_irqfd irqfd = {
-        .fd = event_notifier_get_fd(&vdev->intx.interrupt),
-        .gsi = vdev->intx.route.irq,
-        .flags = KVM_IRQFD_FLAG_RESAMPLE,
-    };
-    struct vfio_irq_set *irq_set;
-    int ret, argsz;
-    int32_t *pfd;
-
-    if (!VFIO_ALLOW_KVM_INTX || !kvm_irqfds_enabled() ||
-        vdev->intx.route.mode != PCI_INTX_ENABLED ||
-        !kvm_check_extension(kvm_state, KVM_CAP_IRQFD_RESAMPLE)) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    /* Get to a known interrupt state */
-    qemu_set_fd_handler(irqfd.fd, NULL, NULL, vdev);
-    vfio_mask_intx(vdev);
-    vdev->intx.pending = false;
-    qemu_set_irq(vdev->pdev.irq[vdev->intx.pin], 0);
-
-    /* Get an eventfd for resample/unmask */
-    if (event_notifier_init(&vdev->intx.unmask, 0)) {
-        error_report("vfio: Error: event_notifier_init failed eoi");
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
-    /* KVM triggers it, VFIO listens for it */
-    irqfd.resamplefd = event_notifier_get_fd(&vdev->intx.unmask);
-
-    if (kvm_vm_ioctl(kvm_state, KVM_IRQFD, &irqfd)) {
-        error_report("vfio: Error: Failed to setup resample irqfd: %m");
-        goto fail_irqfd;
-    }
-
-    argsz = sizeof(*irq_set) + sizeof(*pfd);
-
-    irq_set = g_malloc0(argsz);
-    irq_set->argsz = argsz;
-    irq_set->flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_EVENTFD | VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_UNMASK;
-    irq_set->index = VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX;
-    irq_set->start = 0;
-    irq_set->count = 1;
-    pfd = (int32_t *)&irq_set->data;
-
-    *pfd = irqfd.resamplefd;
-
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
-    g_free(irq_set);
-    if (ret) {
-        error_report("vfio: Error: Failed to setup INTx unmask fd: %m");
-        goto fail_vfio;
-    }
-
-    /* Let'em rip */
-    vfio_unmask_intx(vdev);
-
-    vdev->intx.kvm_accel = true;
-
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) KVM INTx accel enabled\n",
-            __func__, vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus,
-            vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
-
-    return;
-
-fail_vfio:
-    irqfd.flags = KVM_IRQFD_FLAG_DEASSIGN;
-    kvm_vm_ioctl(kvm_state, KVM_IRQFD, &irqfd);
-fail_irqfd:
-    event_notifier_cleanup(&vdev->intx.unmask);
-fail:
-    qemu_set_fd_handler(irqfd.fd, vfio_intx_interrupt, NULL, vdev);
-    vfio_unmask_intx(vdev);
-#endif
-}
-
-static void vfio_disable_intx_kvm(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-#ifdef CONFIG_KVM
-    struct kvm_irqfd irqfd = {
-        .fd = event_notifier_get_fd(&vdev->intx.interrupt),
-        .gsi = vdev->intx.route.irq,
-        .flags = KVM_IRQFD_FLAG_DEASSIGN,
-    };
-
-    if (!vdev->intx.kvm_accel) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Get to a known state, hardware masked, QEMU ready to accept new
-     * interrupts, QEMU IRQ de-asserted.
-     */
-    vfio_mask_intx(vdev);
-    vdev->intx.pending = false;
-    qemu_set_irq(vdev->pdev.irq[vdev->intx.pin], 0);
-
-    /* Tell KVM to stop listening for an INTx irqfd */
-    if (kvm_vm_ioctl(kvm_state, KVM_IRQFD, &irqfd)) {
-        error_report("vfio: Error: Failed to disable INTx irqfd: %m");
-    }
-
-    /* We only need to close the eventfd for VFIO to cleanup the kernel side */
-    event_notifier_cleanup(&vdev->intx.unmask);
-
-    /* QEMU starts listening for interrupt events. */
-    qemu_set_fd_handler(irqfd.fd, vfio_intx_interrupt, NULL, vdev);
-
-    vdev->intx.kvm_accel = false;
-
-    /* If we've missed an event, let it re-fire through QEMU */
-    vfio_unmask_intx(vdev);
-
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) KVM INTx accel disabled\n",
-            __func__, vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus,
-            vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
-#endif
-}
-
-static void vfio_update_irq(PCIDevice *pdev)
-{
-    VFIODevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIODevice, pdev, pdev);
-    PCIINTxRoute route;
-
-    if (vdev->interrupt != VFIO_INT_INTx) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    route = pci_device_route_intx_to_irq(&vdev->pdev, vdev->intx.pin);
-
-    if (!pci_intx_route_changed(&vdev->intx.route, &route)) {
-        return; /* Nothing changed */
-    }
-
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) IRQ moved %d -> %d\n", __func__,
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function, vdev->intx.route.irq, route.irq);
-
-    vfio_disable_intx_kvm(vdev);
-
-    vdev->intx.route = route;
-
-    if (route.mode != PCI_INTX_ENABLED) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    vfio_enable_intx_kvm(vdev);
-
-    /* Re-enable the interrupt in cased we missed an EOI */
-    vfio_eoi(vdev);
-}
-
-static int vfio_enable_intx(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    uint8_t pin = vfio_pci_read_config(&vdev->pdev, PCI_INTERRUPT_PIN, 1);
-    int ret, argsz;
-    struct vfio_irq_set *irq_set;
-    int32_t *pfd;
-
-    if (!pin) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    vfio_disable_interrupts(vdev);
-
-    vdev->intx.pin = pin - 1; /* Pin A (1) -> irq[0] */
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_KVM
-    /*
-     * Only conditional to avoid generating error messages on platforms
-     * where we won't actually use the result anyway.
-     */
-    if (kvm_irqfds_enabled() &&
-        kvm_check_extension(kvm_state, KVM_CAP_IRQFD_RESAMPLE)) {
-        vdev->intx.route = pci_device_route_intx_to_irq(&vdev->pdev,
-                                                        vdev->intx.pin);
-    }
-#endif
-
-    ret = event_notifier_init(&vdev->intx.interrupt, 0);
-    if (ret) {
-        error_report("vfio: Error: event_notifier_init failed");
-        return ret;
-    }
-
-    argsz = sizeof(*irq_set) + sizeof(*pfd);
-
-    irq_set = g_malloc0(argsz);
-    irq_set->argsz = argsz;
-    irq_set->flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_EVENTFD | VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_TRIGGER;
-    irq_set->index = VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX;
-    irq_set->start = 0;
-    irq_set->count = 1;
-    pfd = (int32_t *)&irq_set->data;
-
-    *pfd = event_notifier_get_fd(&vdev->intx.interrupt);
-    qemu_set_fd_handler(*pfd, vfio_intx_interrupt, NULL, vdev);
-
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
-    g_free(irq_set);
-    if (ret) {
-        error_report("vfio: Error: Failed to setup INTx fd: %m");
-        qemu_set_fd_handler(*pfd, NULL, NULL, vdev);
-        event_notifier_cleanup(&vdev->intx.interrupt);
-        return -errno;
-    }
-
-    vfio_enable_intx_kvm(vdev);
-
-    vdev->interrupt = VFIO_INT_INTx;
-
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x)\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static void vfio_disable_intx(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    int fd;
-
-    qemu_del_timer(vdev->intx.mmap_timer);
-    vfio_disable_intx_kvm(vdev);
-    vfio_disable_irqindex(vdev, VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX);
-    vdev->intx.pending = false;
-    qemu_set_irq(vdev->pdev.irq[vdev->intx.pin], 0);
-    vfio_mmap_set_enabled(vdev, true);
-
-    fd = event_notifier_get_fd(&vdev->intx.interrupt);
-    qemu_set_fd_handler(fd, NULL, NULL, vdev);
-    event_notifier_cleanup(&vdev->intx.interrupt);
-
-    vdev->interrupt = VFIO_INT_NONE;
-
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x)\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
-}
-
-/*
- * MSI/X
- */
-static void vfio_msi_interrupt(void *opaque)
-{
-    VFIOMSIVector *vector = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = vector->vdev;
-    int nr = vector - vdev->msi_vectors;
-
-    if (!event_notifier_test_and_clear(&vector->interrupt)) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) vector %d\n", __func__,
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function, nr);
-
-    if (vdev->interrupt == VFIO_INT_MSIX) {
-        msix_notify(&vdev->pdev, nr);
-    } else if (vdev->interrupt == VFIO_INT_MSI) {
-        msi_notify(&vdev->pdev, nr);
-    } else {
-        error_report("vfio: MSI interrupt receieved, but not enabled?");
-    }
-}
-
-static int vfio_enable_vectors(VFIODevice *vdev, bool msix)
-{
-    struct vfio_irq_set *irq_set;
-    int ret = 0, i, argsz;
-    int32_t *fds;
-
-    argsz = sizeof(*irq_set) + (vdev->nr_vectors * sizeof(*fds));
-
-    irq_set = g_malloc0(argsz);
-    irq_set->argsz = argsz;
-    irq_set->flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_EVENTFD | VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_TRIGGER;
-    irq_set->index = msix ? VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX : VFIO_PCI_MSI_IRQ_INDEX;
-    irq_set->start = 0;
-    irq_set->count = vdev->nr_vectors;
-    fds = (int32_t *)&irq_set->data;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < vdev->nr_vectors; i++) {
-        if (!vdev->msi_vectors[i].use) {
-            fds[i] = -1;
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        fds[i] = event_notifier_get_fd(&vdev->msi_vectors[i].interrupt);
-    }
-
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
-
-    g_free(irq_set);
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
-static int vfio_msix_vector_do_use(PCIDevice *pdev, unsigned int nr,
-                                   MSIMessage *msg, IOHandler *handler)
-{
-    VFIODevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIODevice, pdev, pdev);
-    VFIOMSIVector *vector;
-    int ret;
-
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) vector %d used\n", __func__,
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function, nr);
-
-    vector = &vdev->msi_vectors[nr];
-    vector->vdev = vdev;
-    vector->use = true;
-
-    msix_vector_use(pdev, nr);
-
-    if (event_notifier_init(&vector->interrupt, 0)) {
-        error_report("vfio: Error: event_notifier_init failed");
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Attempt to enable route through KVM irqchip,
-     * default to userspace handling if unavailable.
-     */
-    vector->virq = msg ? kvm_irqchip_add_msi_route(kvm_state, *msg) : -1;
-    if (vector->virq < 0 ||
-        kvm_irqchip_add_irqfd_notifier(kvm_state, &vector->interrupt,
-                                       vector->virq) < 0) {
-        if (vector->virq >= 0) {
-            kvm_irqchip_release_virq(kvm_state, vector->virq);
-            vector->virq = -1;
-        }
-        qemu_set_fd_handler(event_notifier_get_fd(&vector->interrupt),
-                            handler, NULL, vector);
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * We don't want to have the host allocate all possible MSI vectors
-     * for a device if they're not in use, so we shutdown and incrementally
-     * increase them as needed.
-     */
-    if (vdev->nr_vectors < nr + 1) {
-        vfio_disable_irqindex(vdev, VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX);
-        vdev->nr_vectors = nr + 1;
-        ret = vfio_enable_vectors(vdev, true);
-        if (ret) {
-            error_report("vfio: failed to enable vectors, %d", ret);
-        }
-    } else {
-        int argsz;
-        struct vfio_irq_set *irq_set;
-        int32_t *pfd;
-
-        argsz = sizeof(*irq_set) + sizeof(*pfd);
-
-        irq_set = g_malloc0(argsz);
-        irq_set->argsz = argsz;
-        irq_set->flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_EVENTFD |
-                         VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_TRIGGER;
-        irq_set->index = VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX;
-        irq_set->start = nr;
-        irq_set->count = 1;
-        pfd = (int32_t *)&irq_set->data;
-
-        *pfd = event_notifier_get_fd(&vector->interrupt);
-
-        ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
-        g_free(irq_set);
-        if (ret) {
-            error_report("vfio: failed to modify vector, %d", ret);
-        }
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int vfio_msix_vector_use(PCIDevice *pdev,
-                                unsigned int nr, MSIMessage msg)
-{
-    return vfio_msix_vector_do_use(pdev, nr, &msg, vfio_msi_interrupt);
-}
-
-static void vfio_msix_vector_release(PCIDevice *pdev, unsigned int nr)
-{
-    VFIODevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIODevice, pdev, pdev);
-    VFIOMSIVector *vector = &vdev->msi_vectors[nr];
-    int argsz;
-    struct vfio_irq_set *irq_set;
-    int32_t *pfd;
-
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) vector %d released\n", __func__,
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function, nr);
-
-    /*
-     * XXX What's the right thing to do here?  This turns off the interrupt
-     * completely, but do we really just want to switch the interrupt to
-     * bouncing through userspace and let msix.c drop it?  Not sure.
-     */
-    msix_vector_unuse(pdev, nr);
-
-    argsz = sizeof(*irq_set) + sizeof(*pfd);
-
-    irq_set = g_malloc0(argsz);
-    irq_set->argsz = argsz;
-    irq_set->flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_EVENTFD |
-                     VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_TRIGGER;
-    irq_set->index = VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX;
-    irq_set->start = nr;
-    irq_set->count = 1;
-    pfd = (int32_t *)&irq_set->data;
-
-    *pfd = -1;
-
-    ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
-
-    g_free(irq_set);
-
-    if (vector->virq < 0) {
-        qemu_set_fd_handler(event_notifier_get_fd(&vector->interrupt),
-                            NULL, NULL, NULL);
-    } else {
-        kvm_irqchip_remove_irqfd_notifier(kvm_state, &vector->interrupt,
-                                          vector->virq);
-        kvm_irqchip_release_virq(kvm_state, vector->virq);
-        vector->virq = -1;
-    }
-
-    event_notifier_cleanup(&vector->interrupt);
-    vector->use = false;
-}
-
-static void vfio_enable_msix(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    vfio_disable_interrupts(vdev);
-
-    vdev->msi_vectors = g_malloc0(vdev->msix->entries * sizeof(VFIOMSIVector));
-
-    vdev->interrupt = VFIO_INT_MSIX;
-
-    /*
-     * Some communication channels between VF & PF or PF & fw rely on the
-     * physical state of the device and expect that enabling MSI-X from the
-     * guest enables the same on the host.  When our guest is Linux, the
-     * guest driver call to pci_enable_msix() sets the enabling bit in the
-     * MSI-X capability, but leaves the vector table masked.  We therefore
-     * can't rely on a vector_use callback (from request_irq() in the guest)
-     * to switch the physical device into MSI-X mode because that may come a
-     * long time after pci_enable_msix().  This code enables vector 0 with
-     * triggering to userspace, then immediately release the vector, leaving
-     * the physical device with no vectors enabled, but MSI-X enabled, just
-     * like the guest view.
-     */
-    vfio_msix_vector_do_use(&vdev->pdev, 0, NULL, NULL);
-    vfio_msix_vector_release(&vdev->pdev, 0);
-
-    if (msix_set_vector_notifiers(&vdev->pdev, vfio_msix_vector_use,
-                                  vfio_msix_vector_release, NULL)) {
-        error_report("vfio: msix_set_vector_notifiers failed");
-    }
-
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x)\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
-}
-
-static void vfio_enable_msi(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    int ret, i;
-
-    vfio_disable_interrupts(vdev);
-
-    vdev->nr_vectors = msi_nr_vectors_allocated(&vdev->pdev);
-retry:
-    vdev->msi_vectors = g_malloc0(vdev->nr_vectors * sizeof(VFIOMSIVector));
-
-    for (i = 0; i < vdev->nr_vectors; i++) {
-        MSIMessage msg;
-        VFIOMSIVector *vector = &vdev->msi_vectors[i];
-
-        vector->vdev = vdev;
-        vector->use = true;
-
-        if (event_notifier_init(&vector->interrupt, 0)) {
-            error_report("vfio: Error: event_notifier_init failed");
-        }
-
-        msg = msi_get_message(&vdev->pdev, i);
-
-        /*
-         * Attempt to enable route through KVM irqchip,
-         * default to userspace handling if unavailable.
-         */
-        vector->virq = kvm_irqchip_add_msi_route(kvm_state, msg);
-        if (vector->virq < 0 ||
-            kvm_irqchip_add_irqfd_notifier(kvm_state, &vector->interrupt,
-                                           vector->virq) < 0) {
-            qemu_set_fd_handler(event_notifier_get_fd(&vector->interrupt),
-                                vfio_msi_interrupt, NULL, vector);
-        }
-    }
-
-    ret = vfio_enable_vectors(vdev, false);
-    if (ret) {
-        if (ret < 0) {
-            error_report("vfio: Error: Failed to setup MSI fds: %m");
-        } else if (ret != vdev->nr_vectors) {
-            error_report("vfio: Error: Failed to enable %d "
-                         "MSI vectors, retry with %d", vdev->nr_vectors, ret);
-        }
-
-        for (i = 0; i < vdev->nr_vectors; i++) {
-            VFIOMSIVector *vector = &vdev->msi_vectors[i];
-            if (vector->virq >= 0) {
-                kvm_irqchip_remove_irqfd_notifier(kvm_state, &vector->interrupt,
-                                                  vector->virq);
-                kvm_irqchip_release_virq(kvm_state, vector->virq);
-                vector->virq = -1;
-            } else {
-                qemu_set_fd_handler(event_notifier_get_fd(&vector->interrupt),
-                                    NULL, NULL, NULL);
-            }
-            event_notifier_cleanup(&vector->interrupt);
-        }
-
-        g_free(vdev->msi_vectors);
-
-        if (ret > 0 && ret != vdev->nr_vectors) {
-            vdev->nr_vectors = ret;
-            goto retry;
-        }
-        vdev->nr_vectors = 0;
-
-        return;
-    }
-
-    vdev->interrupt = VFIO_INT_MSI;
-
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) Enabled %d MSI vectors\n", __func__,
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function, vdev->nr_vectors);
-}
-
-static void vfio_disable_msi_common(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    g_free(vdev->msi_vectors);
-    vdev->msi_vectors = NULL;
-    vdev->nr_vectors = 0;
-    vdev->interrupt = VFIO_INT_NONE;
-
-    vfio_enable_intx(vdev);
-}
-
-static void vfio_disable_msix(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    msix_unset_vector_notifiers(&vdev->pdev);
-
-    if (vdev->nr_vectors) {
-        vfio_disable_irqindex(vdev, VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX);
-    }
-
-    vfio_disable_msi_common(vdev);
-
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x)\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
-}
-
-static void vfio_disable_msi(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    int i;
-
-    vfio_disable_irqindex(vdev, VFIO_PCI_MSI_IRQ_INDEX);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < vdev->nr_vectors; i++) {
-        VFIOMSIVector *vector = &vdev->msi_vectors[i];
-
-        if (!vector->use) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (vector->virq >= 0) {
-            kvm_irqchip_remove_irqfd_notifier(kvm_state,
-                                              &vector->interrupt, vector->virq);
-            kvm_irqchip_release_virq(kvm_state, vector->virq);
-            vector->virq = -1;
-        } else {
-            qemu_set_fd_handler(event_notifier_get_fd(&vector->interrupt),
-                                NULL, NULL, NULL);
-        }
-
-        event_notifier_cleanup(&vector->interrupt);
-    }
-
-    vfio_disable_msi_common(vdev);
-
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x)\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
-}
-
-/*
- * IO Port/MMIO - Beware of the endians, VFIO is always little endian
- */
-static void vfio_bar_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
-                           uint64_t data, unsigned size)
-{
-    VFIOBAR *bar = opaque;
-    union {
-        uint8_t byte;
-        uint16_t word;
-        uint32_t dword;
-        uint64_t qword;
-    } buf;
-
-    switch (size) {
-    case 1:
-        buf.byte = data;
-        break;
-    case 2:
-        buf.word = cpu_to_le16(data);
-        break;
-    case 4:
-        buf.dword = cpu_to_le32(data);
-        break;
-    default:
-        hw_error("vfio: unsupported write size, %d bytes\n", size);
-        break;
-    }
-
-    if (pwrite(bar->fd, &buf, size, bar->fd_offset + addr) != size) {
-        error_report("%s(,0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", 0x%"PRIx64", %d) failed: %m",
-                     __func__, addr, data, size);
-    }
-
-#ifdef DEBUG_VFIO
-    {
-        VFIODevice *vdev = container_of(bar, VFIODevice, bars[bar->nr]);
-
-        DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x:BAR%d+0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", 0x%"PRIx64
-                ", %d)\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus,
-                vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function, bar->nr, addr,
-                data, size);
-    }
-#endif
-
-    /*
-     * A read or write to a BAR always signals an INTx EOI.  This will
-     * do nothing if not pending (including not in INTx mode).  We assume
-     * that a BAR access is in response to an interrupt and that BAR
-     * accesses will service the interrupt.  Unfortunately, we don't know
-     * which access will service the interrupt, so we're potentially
-     * getting quite a few host interrupts per guest interrupt.
-     */
-    vfio_eoi(container_of(bar, VFIODevice, bars[bar->nr]));
-}
-
-static uint64_t vfio_bar_read(void *opaque,
-                              hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
-{
-    VFIOBAR *bar = opaque;
-    union {
-        uint8_t byte;
-        uint16_t word;
-        uint32_t dword;
-        uint64_t qword;
-    } buf;
-    uint64_t data = 0;
-
-    if (pread(bar->fd, &buf, size, bar->fd_offset + addr) != size) {
-        error_report("%s(,0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %d) failed: %m",
-                     __func__, addr, size);
-        return (uint64_t)-1;
-    }
-
-    switch (size) {
-    case 1:
-        data = buf.byte;
-        break;
-    case 2:
-        data = le16_to_cpu(buf.word);
-        break;
-    case 4:
-        data = le32_to_cpu(buf.dword);
-        break;
-    default:
-        hw_error("vfio: unsupported read size, %d bytes\n", size);
-        break;
-    }
-
-#ifdef DEBUG_VFIO
-    {
-        VFIODevice *vdev = container_of(bar, VFIODevice, bars[bar->nr]);
-
-        DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x:BAR%d+0x%"HWADDR_PRIx
-                ", %d) = 0x%"PRIx64"\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-                vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function,
-                bar->nr, addr, size, data);
-    }
-#endif
-
-    /* Same as write above */
-    vfio_eoi(container_of(bar, VFIODevice, bars[bar->nr]));
-
-    return data;
-}
-
-static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_bar_ops = {
-    .read = vfio_bar_read,
-    .write = vfio_bar_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
-};
-
-static void vfio_vga_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
-                           uint64_t data, unsigned size)
-{
-    VFIOVGARegion *region = opaque;
-    VFIOVGA *vga = container_of(region, VFIOVGA, region[region->nr]);
-    union {
-        uint8_t byte;
-        uint16_t word;
-        uint32_t dword;
-        uint64_t qword;
-    } buf;
-    off_t offset = vga->fd_offset + region->offset + addr;
-
-    switch (size) {
-    case 1:
-        buf.byte = data;
-        break;
-    case 2:
-        buf.word = cpu_to_le16(data);
-        break;
-    case 4:
-        buf.dword = cpu_to_le32(data);
-        break;
-    default:
-        hw_error("vfio: unsupported write size, %d bytes\n", size);
-        break;
-    }
-
-    if (pwrite(vga->fd, &buf, size, offset) != size) {
-        error_report("%s(,0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", 0x%"PRIx64", %d) failed: %m",
-                     __func__, region->offset + addr, data, size);
-    }
-
-    DPRINTF("%s(0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", 0x%"PRIx64", %d)\n",
-            __func__, region->offset + addr, data, size);
-}
-
-static uint64_t vfio_vga_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
-{
-    VFIOVGARegion *region = opaque;
-    VFIOVGA *vga = container_of(region, VFIOVGA, region[region->nr]);
-    union {
-        uint8_t byte;
-        uint16_t word;
-        uint32_t dword;
-        uint64_t qword;
-    } buf;
-    uint64_t data = 0;
-    off_t offset = vga->fd_offset + region->offset + addr;
-
-    if (pread(vga->fd, &buf, size, offset) != size) {
-        error_report("%s(,0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %d) failed: %m",
-                     __func__, region->offset + addr, size);
-        return (uint64_t)-1;
-    }
-
-    switch (size) {
-    case 1:
-        data = buf.byte;
-        break;
-    case 2:
-        data = le16_to_cpu(buf.word);
-        break;
-    case 4:
-        data = le32_to_cpu(buf.dword);
-        break;
-    default:
-        hw_error("vfio: unsupported read size, %d bytes\n", size);
-        break;
-    }
-
-    DPRINTF("%s(0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %d) = 0x%"PRIx64"\n",
-            __func__, region->offset + addr, size, data);
-
-    return data;
-}
-
-static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_vga_ops = {
-    .read = vfio_vga_read,
-    .write = vfio_vga_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
-};
-
-/*
- * Device specific quirks
- */
-
-#define PCI_VENDOR_ID_ATI               0x1002
-
-/*
- * Device 1002:68f9 (Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI Cedar PRO [Radeon
- * HD 5450/6350]) reports the upper byte of the physical address of the
- * I/O port BAR4 through VGA register 0x3c3.  The BAR is 256 bytes, so the
- * lower byte is known to be zero.  Probing for this quirk reads 0xff from
- * port 0x3c3 on some devices so we store the physical address and replace
- * reads with the virtual address any time it matches.  XXX Research when
- * to enable quirk.
- */
-static uint64_t vfio_ati_3c3_quirk_read(void *opaque,
-                                        hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
-{
-    VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
-    PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
-    uint64_t data = vfio_vga_read(&vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI],
-                                  addr + 0x3, size);
-
-    if (data == quirk->data) {
-        data = pci_get_byte(pdev->config + PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_4 + 1);
-        DPRINTF("%s(0x3c3, 1) = 0x%"PRIx64"\n", __func__, data);
-    }
-
-    return data;
-}
-
-static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_ati_3c3_quirk = {
-    .read = vfio_ati_3c3_quirk_read,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
-};
-
-static void vfio_vga_probe_ati_3c3_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
-    off_t physoffset = vdev->config_offset + PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_4;
-    uint32_t physbar;
-    VFIOQuirk *quirk;
-
-    if (pci_get_word(pdev->config + PCI_VENDOR_ID) != PCI_VENDOR_ID_ATI ||
-        vdev->bars[4].size < 256) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    /* Get I/O port BAR physical address */
-    if (pread(vdev->fd, &physbar, 4, physoffset) != 4) {
-        error_report("vfio: probe failed for ATI/AMD 0x3c3 quirk on device "
-                     "%04x:%02x:%02x.%x", vdev->host.domain,
-                     vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    quirk = g_malloc0(sizeof(*quirk));
-    quirk->vdev = vdev;
-    quirk->data = (physbar >> 8) & 0xff;
-
-    memory_region_init_io(&quirk->mem, &vfio_ati_3c3_quirk, quirk,
-                          "vfio-ati-3c3-quirk", 1);
-    memory_region_add_subregion(&vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI].mem, 3,
-                                &quirk->mem);
-
-    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI].quirks,
-                      quirk, next);
-
-    DPRINTF("Enabled ATI/AMD quirk 0x3c3 for device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function);
-}
-
-/*
- * Device 1002:68f9 (Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI Cedar PRO [Radeon
- * HD 5450/6350]) reports the physical address of MMIO BAR0 through a
- * write/read operation on I/O port BAR4.  When uint32_t 0x4010 is written
- * to offset 0x0, the subsequent read from offset 0x4 returns the contents
- * of BAR0.  Test for this quirk on all ATI/AMD devices.  XXX - Note that
- * 0x10 is the offset of BAR0 in config sapce, is this a window to all of
- * config space?
- */
-static uint64_t vfio_ati_4010_quirk_read(void *opaque,
-                                         hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
-{
-    VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
-    PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
-    uint64_t data = vfio_bar_read(&vdev->bars[4], addr, size);
-
-    if (addr == 4 && size == 4 && quirk->data) {
-        data = pci_get_long(pdev->config + PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0);
-        DPRINTF("%s(BAR4+0x4) = 0x%"PRIx64"\n", __func__, data);
-    }
-
-    quirk->data = 0;
-
-    return data;
-}
-
-static void vfio_ati_4010_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
-                                      uint64_t data, unsigned size)
-{
-    VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
-
-    vfio_bar_write(&vdev->bars[4], addr, data, size);
-
-    quirk->data = (addr == 0 && size == 4 && data == 0x4010) ? 1 : 0;
-}
-
-static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_ati_4010_quirk = {
-    .read = vfio_ati_4010_quirk_read,
-    .write = vfio_ati_4010_quirk_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
-};
-
-static void vfio_probe_ati_4010_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
-{
-    PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
-    off_t physoffset = vdev->config_offset + PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0;
-    uint32_t physbar0;
-    uint64_t data;
-    VFIOQuirk *quirk;
-
-    if (!vdev->has_vga || nr != 4 || !vdev->bars[0].size ||
-        pci_get_word(pdev->config + PCI_VENDOR_ID) != PCI_VENDOR_ID_ATI) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    /* Get I/O port BAR physical address */
-    if (pread(vdev->fd, &physbar0, 4, physoffset) != 4) {
-        error_report("vfio: probe failed for ATI/AMD 0x4010 quirk on device "
-                     "%04x:%02x:%02x.%x", vdev->host.domain,
-                     vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    /* Write 0x4010 to I/O port BAR offset 0 */
-    vfio_bar_write(&vdev->bars[4], 0, 0x4010, 4);
-    /* Read back result */
-    data = vfio_bar_read(&vdev->bars[4], 4, 4);
-
-    /* If the register matches the physical address of BAR0, we need a quirk */
-    if (data != physbar0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    quirk = g_malloc0(sizeof(*quirk));
-    quirk->vdev = vdev;
-
-    memory_region_init_io(&quirk->mem, &vfio_ati_4010_quirk, quirk,
-                          "vfio-ati-4010-quirk", 8);
-    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].mem, 0, &quirk->mem, 1);
-
-    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vdev->bars[nr].quirks, quirk, next);
-
-    DPRINTF("Enabled ATI/AMD quirk 0x4010 for device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function);
-}
-
-/*
- * Device 1002:5b63 (Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI RV370 [Radeon X550])
- * retrieves the upper half of the MMIO BAR0 physical address by writing
- * 0xf10 to I/O port BAR1 offset 0 and reading the result from offset 6.
- * XXX - 0x10 is the offset of BAR0 in PCI config space, this could provide
- * full access to config space.  Config space is little endian, so the data
- * register probably starts at 0x4.
- */
-static uint64_t vfio_ati_f10_quirk_read(void *opaque,
-                                        hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
-{
-    VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
-    PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
-    uint64_t data = vfio_bar_read(&vdev->bars[1], addr, size);
-
-    if (addr == 6 && size == 2 && quirk->data) {
-        data = pci_get_word(pdev->config + PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0 + 2);
-        DPRINTF("%s(BAR1+0x6) = 0x%"PRIx64"\n", __func__, data);
-    }
-
-    quirk->data = 0;
-
-    return data;
-}
-
-static void vfio_ati_f10_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
-                                     uint64_t data, unsigned size)
-{
-    VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
-
-    vfio_bar_write(&vdev->bars[1], addr, data, size);
-
-    quirk->data = (addr == 0 && size == 4 && data == 0xf10) ? 1 : 0;
-}
-
-static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_ati_f10_quirk = {
-    .read = vfio_ati_f10_quirk_read,
-    .write = vfio_ati_f10_quirk_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
-};
-
-static void vfio_probe_ati_f10_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
-{
-    PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
-    off_t physoffset = vdev->config_offset + PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0;
-    uint32_t physbar0;
-    uint64_t data;
-    VFIOQuirk *quirk;
-
-    if (!vdev->has_vga || nr != 1 || !vdev->bars[0].size ||
-        pci_get_word(pdev->config + PCI_VENDOR_ID) != PCI_VENDOR_ID_ATI) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    /* Get I/O port BAR physical address */
-    if (pread(vdev->fd, &physbar0, 4, physoffset) != 4) {
-        error_report("vfio: probe failed for ATI/AMD 0xf10 quirk on device "
-                     "%04x:%02x:%02x.%x", vdev->host.domain,
-                     vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    vfio_bar_write(&vdev->bars[1], 0, 0xf10, 4);
-    data = vfio_bar_read(&vdev->bars[1], 0x6, 2);
-
-    /* If the register matches the physical address of BAR0, we need a quirk */
-    if (data != (le32_to_cpu(physbar0) >> 16)) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    quirk = g_malloc0(sizeof(*quirk));
-    quirk->vdev = vdev;
-
-    memory_region_init_io(&quirk->mem, &vfio_ati_f10_quirk, quirk,
-                          "vfio-ati-f10-quirk", 8);
-    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].mem, 0, &quirk->mem, 1);
-
-    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vdev->bars[nr].quirks, quirk, next);
-
-    DPRINTF("Enabled ATI/AMD quirk 0xf10 for device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function);
-}
-
-#define PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA                    0x10de
-
-/*
- * Nvidia has several different methods to get to config space, the
- * nouveu project has several of these documented here:
- * https://github.com/pathscale/envytools/tree/master/hwdocs
- *
- * The first quirk is actually not documented in envytools and is found
- * on 10de:01d1 (NVIDIA Corporation G72 [GeForce 7300 LE]).  This is an
- * NV46 chipset.  The backdoor uses the legacy VGA I/O ports to access
- * the mirror of PCI config space found at BAR0 offset 0x1800.  The access
- * sequence first writes 0x338 to I/O port 0x3d4.  The target offset is
- * then written to 0x3d0.  Finally 0x538 is written for a read and 0x738
- * is written for a write to 0x3d4.  The BAR0 offset is then accessible
- * through 0x3d0.  This quirk doesn't seem to be necessary on newer cards
- * that use the I/O port BAR5 window but it doesn't hurt to leave it.
- */
-enum {
-    NV_3D0_NONE,
-    NV_3D0_SELECT,
-    NV_3D0_WINDOW,
-    NV_3D0_READ,
-    NV_3D0_WRITE,
-};
-
-static uint64_t vfio_nvidia_3d0_quirk_read(void *opaque,
-                                           hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
-{
-    VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
-    PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
-    uint64_t data = vfio_vga_read(&vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI],
-                                  addr + 0x10, size);
-
-    if (quirk->data == NV_3D0_READ && addr == 0) {
-        data = vfio_pci_read_config(pdev, quirk->data2, size);
-        DPRINTF("%s(0x3d0, %d) = 0x%"PRIx64"\n", __func__, size, data);
-    }
-
-    quirk->data = NV_3D0_NONE;
-
-    return data;
-}
-
-static void vfio_nvidia_3d0_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
-                                        uint64_t data, unsigned size)
-{
-    VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
-    PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
-
-    switch (quirk->data) {
-    case NV_3D0_NONE:
-        if (addr == 4 && data == 0x338) {
-            quirk->data = NV_3D0_SELECT;
-        }
-        break;
-    case NV_3D0_SELECT:
-        quirk->data = NV_3D0_NONE;
-        if (addr == 0 && (data & ~0xff) == 0x1800) {
-            quirk->data = NV_3D0_WINDOW;
-            quirk->data2 = data & 0xff;
-        }
-        break;
-    case NV_3D0_WINDOW:
-        quirk->data = NV_3D0_NONE;
-        if (addr == 4) {
-            if (data == 0x538) {
-                quirk->data = NV_3D0_READ;
-            } else if (data == 0x738) {
-                quirk->data = NV_3D0_WRITE;
-            }
-        }
-        break;
-    case NV_3D0_WRITE:
-        quirk->data = NV_3D0_NONE;
-        if (addr == 0) {
-            vfio_pci_write_config(pdev, quirk->data2, data, size);
-            DPRINTF("%s(0x3d0, 0x%"PRIx64", %d)\n", __func__, data, size);
-            return;
-        }
-        break;
-    default:
-        quirk->data = NV_3D0_NONE;
-    }
-
-    vfio_vga_write(&vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI],
-                   addr + 0x10, data, size);
-}
-
-static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_nvidia_3d0_quirk = {
-    .read = vfio_nvidia_3d0_quirk_read,
-    .write = vfio_nvidia_3d0_quirk_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
-};
-
-static void vfio_vga_probe_nvidia_3d0_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
-    VFIOQuirk *quirk;
-
-    if (pci_get_word(pdev->config + PCI_VENDOR_ID) != PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA ||
-        !vdev->bars[1].size) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    quirk = g_malloc0(sizeof(*quirk));
-    quirk->vdev = vdev;
-
-    memory_region_init_io(&quirk->mem, &vfio_nvidia_3d0_quirk, quirk,
-                          "vfio-nvidia-3d0-quirk", 6);
-    memory_region_add_subregion(&vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI].mem,
-                                0x10, &quirk->mem);
-
-    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI].quirks,
-                      quirk, next);
-
-    DPRINTF("Enabled NVIDIA VGA 0x3d0 quirk for device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function);
-}
-
-/*
- * The second quirk is documented in envytools.  The I/O port BAR5 is just
- * a set of address/data ports to the MMIO BARs.  The BAR we care about is
- * again BAR0.  This backdoor is apparently a bit newer than the one above
- * so we need to not only trap 256 bytes @0x1800, but all of PCI config
- * space, including extended space is available at the 4k @0x88000.
- */
-enum {
-    NV_BAR5_ADDRESS = 0x1,
-    NV_BAR5_ENABLE = 0x2,
-    NV_BAR5_MASTER = 0x4,
-    NV_BAR5_VALID = 0x7,
-};
-
-static uint64_t vfio_nvidia_bar5_window_quirk_read(void *opaque,
-                                                   hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
-{
-    VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
-    uint64_t data = vfio_bar_read(&vdev->bars[5], addr, size);
-
-    if (addr == 0xc && quirk->data == NV_BAR5_VALID) {
-        data = vfio_pci_read_config(&vdev->pdev, quirk->data2, size);
-        DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x:BAR5+0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %d) = 0x%"
-                PRIx64"\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus,
-                vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function, addr, size, data);
-    }
-
-    return data;
-}
-
-static void vfio_nvidia_bar5_window_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
-                                                uint64_t data, unsigned size)
-{
-    VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
-
-    /*
-     * Use quirk->data to track enables and quirk->data2 for the offset
-     */
-    switch (addr) {
-    case 0x0:
-        if (data & 0x1) {
-            quirk->data |= NV_BAR5_MASTER;
-        } else {
-            quirk->data &= ~NV_BAR5_MASTER;
-        }
-        break;
-    case 0x4:
-        if (data & 0x1) {
-            quirk->data |= NV_BAR5_ENABLE;
-        } else {
-            quirk->data &= ~NV_BAR5_ENABLE;
-        }
-        break;
-    case 0x8:
-        if (quirk->data & NV_BAR5_MASTER) {
-            if ((data & ~0xfff) == 0x88000) {
-                quirk->data |= NV_BAR5_ADDRESS;
-                quirk->data2 = data & 0xfff;
-            } else if ((data & ~0xff) == 0x1800) {
-                quirk->data |= NV_BAR5_ADDRESS;
-                quirk->data2 = data & 0xff;
-            } else {
-                quirk->data &= ~NV_BAR5_ADDRESS;
-            }
-        }
-        break;
-    case 0xc:
-        if (quirk->data == NV_BAR5_VALID) {
-            vfio_pci_write_config(&vdev->pdev, quirk->data2, data, size);
-            DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x:BAR5+0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", 0x%"
-                    PRIx64", %d)\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-                    vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function,
-                    addr, data, size);
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-
-    vfio_bar_write(&vdev->bars[5], addr, data, size);
-}
-
-static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_nvidia_bar5_window_quirk = {
-    .read = vfio_nvidia_bar5_window_quirk_read,
-    .write = vfio_nvidia_bar5_window_quirk_write,
-    .valid.min_access_size = 4,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
-};
-
-static void vfio_probe_nvidia_bar5_window_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
-{
-    PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
-    VFIOQuirk *quirk;
-
-    if (!vdev->has_vga || nr != 5 ||
-        pci_get_word(pdev->config + PCI_VENDOR_ID) != PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    quirk = g_malloc0(sizeof(*quirk));
-    quirk->vdev = vdev;
-
-    memory_region_init_io(&quirk->mem, &vfio_nvidia_bar5_window_quirk, quirk,
-                          "vfio-nvidia-bar5-window-quirk", 16);
-    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].mem, 0, &quirk->mem, 1);
-
-    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vdev->bars[nr].quirks, quirk, next);
-
-    DPRINTF("Enabled NVIDIA BAR5 window quirk for device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function);
-}
-
-/*
- * Finally, BAR0 itself.  We want to redirect any accesses to either
- * 0x1800 or 0x88000 through the PCI config space access functions.
- *
- * NB - quirk at a page granularity or else they don't seem to work when
- *      BARs are mmap'd
- *
- * Here's offset 0x88000...
- */
-static uint64_t vfio_nvidia_bar0_88000_quirk_read(void *opaque,
-                                                  hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
-{
-    VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
-    hwaddr base = 0x88000 & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
-    hwaddr offset = 0x88000 & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
-    uint64_t data = vfio_bar_read(&vdev->bars[0], addr + base, size);
-
-    if (ranges_overlap(addr, size, offset, PCI_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE)) {
-        data = vfio_pci_read_config(&vdev->pdev, addr - offset, size);
-
-        DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x:BAR0+0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %d) = 0x%"
-                PRIx64"\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus,
-                vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function, addr + base, size, data);
-    }
-
-    return data;
-}
-
-static void vfio_nvidia_bar0_88000_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
-                                               uint64_t data, unsigned size)
-{
-    VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
-    hwaddr base = 0x88000 & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
-    hwaddr offset = 0x88000 & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
-
-    if (ranges_overlap(addr, size, offset, PCI_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE)) {
-        vfio_pci_write_config(&vdev->pdev, addr - offset, data, size);
-
-        DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x:BAR0+0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", 0x%"
-                PRIx64", %d)\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus,
-                vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function, addr + base, data, size);
-    } else {
-        vfio_bar_write(&vdev->bars[0], addr + base, data, size);
-    }
-}
-
-static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_nvidia_bar0_88000_quirk = {
-    .read = vfio_nvidia_bar0_88000_quirk_read,
-    .write = vfio_nvidia_bar0_88000_quirk_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
-};
-
-static void vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_88000_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
-{
-    PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
-    VFIOQuirk *quirk;
-
-    if (!vdev->has_vga || nr != 0 ||
-        pci_get_word(pdev->config + PCI_VENDOR_ID) != PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    quirk = g_malloc0(sizeof(*quirk));
-    quirk->vdev = vdev;
-
-    memory_region_init_io(&quirk->mem, &vfio_nvidia_bar0_88000_quirk, quirk,
-                          "vfio-nvidia-bar0-88000-quirk",
-                          TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(PCIE_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE));
-    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].mem,
-                                        0x88000 & TARGET_PAGE_MASK,
-                                        &quirk->mem, 1);
-
-    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vdev->bars[nr].quirks, quirk, next);
-
-    DPRINTF("Enabled NVIDIA BAR0 0x88000 quirk for device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function);
-}
-
-/*
- * And here's the same for BAR0 offset 0x1800...
- */
-static uint64_t vfio_nvidia_bar0_1800_quirk_read(void *opaque,
-                                                 hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
-{
-    VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
-    hwaddr base = 0x1800 & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
-    hwaddr offset = 0x1800 & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
-    uint64_t data = vfio_bar_read(&vdev->bars[0], addr + base, size);
-
-    if (ranges_overlap(addr, size, offset, PCI_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE)) {
-        data = vfio_pci_read_config(&vdev->pdev, addr - offset, size);
-
-        DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x:BAR0+0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %d) = 0x%"
-                PRIx64"\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus,
-                vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function, addr + base, size, data);
-    }
-
-    return data;
-}
-
-static void vfio_nvidia_bar0_1800_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
-                                              uint64_t data, unsigned size)
-{
-    VFIOQuirk *quirk = opaque;
-    VFIODevice *vdev = quirk->vdev;
-    hwaddr base = 0x1800 & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
-    hwaddr offset = 0x1800 & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
-
-    if (ranges_overlap(addr, size, offset, PCI_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE)) {
-        vfio_pci_write_config(&vdev->pdev, addr - offset, data, size);
-
-        DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x:BAR0+0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", 0x%"
-                PRIx64", %d)\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus,
-                vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function, addr + base, data, size);
-    } else {
-        vfio_bar_write(&vdev->bars[0], addr + base, data, size);
-    }
-}
-
-static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_nvidia_bar0_1800_quirk = {
-    .read = vfio_nvidia_bar0_1800_quirk_read,
-    .write = vfio_nvidia_bar0_1800_quirk_write,
-    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
-};
-
-static void vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_1800_quirk(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
-{
-    PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
-    VFIOQuirk *quirk;
-
-    if (!vdev->has_vga || nr != 0 ||
-        pci_get_word(pdev->config + PCI_VENDOR_ID) != PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    /* Log the chipset ID */
-    DPRINTF("Nvidia NV%02x\n",
-            (unsigned int)(vfio_bar_read(&vdev->bars[0], 0, 4) >> 20) & 0xff);
-
-    quirk = g_malloc0(sizeof(*quirk));
-    quirk->vdev = vdev;
-
-    memory_region_init_io(&quirk->mem, &vfio_nvidia_bar0_1800_quirk, quirk,
-                          "vfio-nvidia-bar0-1800-quirk",
-                          TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(PCI_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE));
-    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&vdev->bars[nr].mem,
-                                        0x1800 & TARGET_PAGE_MASK,
-                                        &quirk->mem, 1);
-
-    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vdev->bars[nr].quirks, quirk, next);
-
-    DPRINTF("Enabled NVIDIA BAR0 0x1800 quirk for device %04x:%02x:%02x.%x\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function);
-}
-
-/*
- * TODO - Some Nvidia devices provide config access to their companion HDA
- * device and even to their parent bridge via these config space mirrors.
- * Add quirks for those regions.
- */
-
-/*
- * Common quirk probe entry points.
- */
-static void vfio_vga_quirk_setup(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    vfio_vga_probe_ati_3c3_quirk(vdev);
-    vfio_vga_probe_nvidia_3d0_quirk(vdev);
-}
-
-static void vfio_vga_quirk_teardown(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    int i;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(vdev->vga.region); i++) {
-        while (!QLIST_EMPTY(&vdev->vga.region[i].quirks)) {
-            VFIOQuirk *quirk = QLIST_FIRST(&vdev->vga.region[i].quirks);
-            memory_region_del_subregion(&vdev->vga.region[i].mem, &quirk->mem);
-            QLIST_REMOVE(quirk, next);
-            g_free(quirk);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-static void vfio_bar_quirk_setup(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
-{
-    vfio_probe_ati_4010_quirk(vdev, nr);
-    vfio_probe_ati_f10_quirk(vdev, nr);
-    vfio_probe_nvidia_bar5_window_quirk(vdev, nr);
-    vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_88000_quirk(vdev, nr);
-    vfio_probe_nvidia_bar0_1800_quirk(vdev, nr);
-}
-
-static void vfio_bar_quirk_teardown(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
-{
-    VFIOBAR *bar = &vdev->bars[nr];
-
-    while (!QLIST_EMPTY(&bar->quirks)) {
-        VFIOQuirk *quirk = QLIST_FIRST(&bar->quirks);
-        memory_region_del_subregion(&bar->mem, &quirk->mem);
-        QLIST_REMOVE(quirk, next);
-        g_free(quirk);
-    }
-}
-
-/*
- * PCI config space
- */
-static uint32_t vfio_pci_read_config(PCIDevice *pdev, uint32_t addr, int len)
-{
-    VFIODevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIODevice, pdev, pdev);
-    uint32_t emu_bits = 0, emu_val = 0, phys_val = 0, val;
-
-    memcpy(&emu_bits, vdev->emulated_config_bits + addr, len);
-    emu_bits = le32_to_cpu(emu_bits);
-
-    if (emu_bits) {
-        emu_val = pci_default_read_config(pdev, addr, len);
-    }
-
-    if (~emu_bits & (0xffffffffU >> (32 - len * 8))) {
-        ssize_t ret;
-
-        ret = pread(vdev->fd, &phys_val, len, vdev->config_offset + addr);
-        if (ret != len) {
-            error_report("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x, 0x%x, 0x%x) failed: %m",
-                         __func__, vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus,
-                         vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function, addr, len);
-            return -errno;
-        }
-        phys_val = le32_to_cpu(phys_val);
-    }
-
-    val = (emu_val & emu_bits) | (phys_val & ~emu_bits);
-
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x, @0x%x, len=0x%x) %x\n", __func__,
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function, addr, len, val);
-
-    return val;
-}
-
-static void vfio_pci_write_config(PCIDevice *pdev, uint32_t addr,
-                                  uint32_t val, int len)
-{
-    VFIODevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIODevice, pdev, pdev);
-    uint32_t val_le = cpu_to_le32(val);
-
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x, @0x%x, 0x%x, len=0x%x)\n", __func__,
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function, addr, val, len);
-
-    /* Write everything to VFIO, let it filter out what we can't write */
-    if (pwrite(vdev->fd, &val_le, len, vdev->config_offset + addr) != len) {
-        error_report("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x, 0x%x, 0x%x, 0x%x) failed: %m",
-                     __func__, vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus,
-                     vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function, addr, val, len);
-    }
-
-    /* MSI/MSI-X Enabling/Disabling */
-    if (pdev->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MSI &&
-        ranges_overlap(addr, len, pdev->msi_cap, vdev->msi_cap_size)) {
-        int is_enabled, was_enabled = msi_enabled(pdev);
-
-        pci_default_write_config(pdev, addr, val, len);
-
-        is_enabled = msi_enabled(pdev);
-
-        if (!was_enabled && is_enabled) {
-            vfio_enable_msi(vdev);
-        } else if (was_enabled && !is_enabled) {
-            vfio_disable_msi(vdev);
-        }
-    } else if (pdev->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MSIX &&
-        ranges_overlap(addr, len, pdev->msix_cap, MSIX_CAP_LENGTH)) {
-        int is_enabled, was_enabled = msix_enabled(pdev);
-
-        pci_default_write_config(pdev, addr, val, len);
-
-        is_enabled = msix_enabled(pdev);
-
-        if (!was_enabled && is_enabled) {
-            vfio_enable_msix(vdev);
-        } else if (was_enabled && !is_enabled) {
-            vfio_disable_msix(vdev);
-        }
-    } else {
-        /* Write everything to QEMU to keep emulated bits correct */
-        pci_default_write_config(pdev, addr, val, len);
-    }
-}
-
-/*
- * DMA - Mapping and unmapping for the "type1" IOMMU interface used on x86
- */
-static int vfio_dma_unmap(VFIOContainer *container,
-                          hwaddr iova, ram_addr_t size)
-{
-    struct vfio_iommu_type1_dma_unmap unmap = {
-        .argsz = sizeof(unmap),
-        .flags = 0,
-        .iova = iova,
-        .size = size,
-    };
-
-    if (ioctl(container->fd, VFIO_IOMMU_UNMAP_DMA, &unmap)) {
-        DPRINTF("VFIO_UNMAP_DMA: %d\n", -errno);
-        return -errno;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int vfio_dma_map(VFIOContainer *container, hwaddr iova,
-                        ram_addr_t size, void *vaddr, bool readonly)
-{
-    struct vfio_iommu_type1_dma_map map = {
-        .argsz = sizeof(map),
-        .flags = VFIO_DMA_MAP_FLAG_READ,
-        .vaddr = (__u64)(uintptr_t)vaddr,
-        .iova = iova,
-        .size = size,
-    };
-
-    if (!readonly) {
-        map.flags |= VFIO_DMA_MAP_FLAG_WRITE;
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Try the mapping, if it fails with EBUSY, unmap the region and try
-     * again.  This shouldn't be necessary, but we sometimes see it in
-     * the the VGA ROM space.
-     */
-    if (ioctl(container->fd, VFIO_IOMMU_MAP_DMA, &map) == 0 ||
-        (errno == EBUSY && vfio_dma_unmap(container, iova, size) == 0 &&
-         ioctl(container->fd, VFIO_IOMMU_MAP_DMA, &map) == 0)) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    DPRINTF("VFIO_MAP_DMA: %d\n", -errno);
-    return -errno;
-}
-
-static bool vfio_listener_skipped_section(MemoryRegionSection *section)
-{
-    return !memory_region_is_ram(section->mr);
-}
-
-static void vfio_listener_region_add(MemoryListener *listener,
-                                     MemoryRegionSection *section)
-{
-    VFIOContainer *container = container_of(listener, VFIOContainer,
-                                            iommu_data.listener);
-    hwaddr iova, end;
-    void *vaddr;
-    int ret;
-
-    if (vfio_listener_skipped_section(section)) {
-        DPRINTF("SKIPPING region_add %"HWADDR_PRIx" - %"PRIx64"\n",
-                section->offset_within_address_space,
-                section->offset_within_address_space + section->size - 1);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (unlikely((section->offset_within_address_space & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK) !=
-                 (section->offset_within_region & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK))) {
-        error_report("%s received unaligned region", __func__);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    iova = TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(section->offset_within_address_space);
-    end = (section->offset_within_address_space + section->size) &
-          TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
-
-    if (iova >= end) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    vaddr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(section->mr) +
-            section->offset_within_region +
-            (iova - section->offset_within_address_space);
-
-    DPRINTF("region_add %"HWADDR_PRIx" - %"HWADDR_PRIx" [%p]\n",
-            iova, end - 1, vaddr);
-
-    ret = vfio_dma_map(container, iova, end - iova, vaddr, section->readonly);
-    if (ret) {
-        error_report("vfio_dma_map(%p, 0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", "
-                     "0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %p) = %d (%m)",
-                     container, iova, end - iova, vaddr, ret);
-    }
-}
-
-static void vfio_listener_region_del(MemoryListener *listener,
-                                     MemoryRegionSection *section)
-{
-    VFIOContainer *container = container_of(listener, VFIOContainer,
-                                            iommu_data.listener);
-    hwaddr iova, end;
-    int ret;
-
-    if (vfio_listener_skipped_section(section)) {
-        DPRINTF("SKIPPING region_del %"HWADDR_PRIx" - %"PRIx64"\n",
-                section->offset_within_address_space,
-                section->offset_within_address_space + section->size - 1);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (unlikely((section->offset_within_address_space & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK) !=
-                 (section->offset_within_region & ~TARGET_PAGE_MASK))) {
-        error_report("%s received unaligned region", __func__);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    iova = TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(section->offset_within_address_space);
-    end = (section->offset_within_address_space + section->size) &
-          TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
-
-    if (iova >= end) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    DPRINTF("region_del %"HWADDR_PRIx" - %"HWADDR_PRIx"\n",
-            iova, end - 1);
-
-    ret = vfio_dma_unmap(container, iova, end - iova);
-    if (ret) {
-        error_report("vfio_dma_unmap(%p, 0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", "
-                     "0x%"HWADDR_PRIx") = %d (%m)",
-                     container, iova, end - iova, ret);
-    }
-}
-
-static MemoryListener vfio_memory_listener = {
-    .region_add = vfio_listener_region_add,
-    .region_del = vfio_listener_region_del,
-};
-
-static void vfio_listener_release(VFIOContainer *container)
-{
-    memory_listener_unregister(&container->iommu_data.listener);
-}
-
-/*
- * Interrupt setup
- */
-static void vfio_disable_interrupts(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    switch (vdev->interrupt) {
-    case VFIO_INT_INTx:
-        vfio_disable_intx(vdev);
-        break;
-    case VFIO_INT_MSI:
-        vfio_disable_msi(vdev);
-        break;
-    case VFIO_INT_MSIX:
-        vfio_disable_msix(vdev);
-        break;
-    }
-}
-
-static int vfio_setup_msi(VFIODevice *vdev, int pos)
-{
-    uint16_t ctrl;
-    bool msi_64bit, msi_maskbit;
-    int ret, entries;
-
-    if (pread(vdev->fd, &ctrl, sizeof(ctrl),
-              vdev->config_offset + pos + PCI_CAP_FLAGS) != sizeof(ctrl)) {
-        return -errno;
-    }
-    ctrl = le16_to_cpu(ctrl);
-
-    msi_64bit = !!(ctrl & PCI_MSI_FLAGS_64BIT);
-    msi_maskbit = !!(ctrl & PCI_MSI_FLAGS_MASKBIT);
-    entries = 1 << ((ctrl & PCI_MSI_FLAGS_QMASK) >> 1);
-
-    DPRINTF("%04x:%02x:%02x.%x PCI MSI CAP @0x%x\n", vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function, pos);
-
-    ret = msi_init(&vdev->pdev, pos, entries, msi_64bit, msi_maskbit);
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        error_report("vfio: msi_init failed");
-        return ret;
-    }
-    vdev->msi_cap_size = 0xa + (msi_maskbit ? 0xa : 0) + (msi_64bit ? 0x4 : 0);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * We don't have any control over how pci_add_capability() inserts
- * capabilities into the chain.  In order to setup MSI-X we need a
- * MemoryRegion for the BAR.  In order to setup the BAR and not
- * attempt to mmap the MSI-X table area, which VFIO won't allow, we
- * need to first look for where the MSI-X table lives.  So we
- * unfortunately split MSI-X setup across two functions.
- */
-static int vfio_early_setup_msix(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    uint8_t pos;
-    uint16_t ctrl;
-    uint32_t table, pba;
-
-    pos = pci_find_capability(&vdev->pdev, PCI_CAP_ID_MSIX);
-    if (!pos) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (pread(vdev->fd, &ctrl, sizeof(ctrl),
-              vdev->config_offset + pos + PCI_CAP_FLAGS) != sizeof(ctrl)) {
-        return -errno;
-    }
-
-    if (pread(vdev->fd, &table, sizeof(table),
-              vdev->config_offset + pos + PCI_MSIX_TABLE) != sizeof(table)) {
-        return -errno;
-    }
-
-    if (pread(vdev->fd, &pba, sizeof(pba),
-              vdev->config_offset + pos + PCI_MSIX_PBA) != sizeof(pba)) {
-        return -errno;
-    }
-
-    ctrl = le16_to_cpu(ctrl);
-    table = le32_to_cpu(table);
-    pba = le32_to_cpu(pba);
-
-    vdev->msix = g_malloc0(sizeof(*(vdev->msix)));
-    vdev->msix->table_bar = table & PCI_MSIX_FLAGS_BIRMASK;
-    vdev->msix->table_offset = table & ~PCI_MSIX_FLAGS_BIRMASK;
-    vdev->msix->pba_bar = pba & PCI_MSIX_FLAGS_BIRMASK;
-    vdev->msix->pba_offset = pba & ~PCI_MSIX_FLAGS_BIRMASK;
-    vdev->msix->entries = (ctrl & PCI_MSIX_FLAGS_QSIZE) + 1;
-
-    DPRINTF("%04x:%02x:%02x.%x "
-            "PCI MSI-X CAP @0x%x, BAR %d, offset 0x%x, entries %d\n",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function, pos, vdev->msix->table_bar,
-            vdev->msix->table_offset, vdev->msix->entries);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int vfio_setup_msix(VFIODevice *vdev, int pos)
-{
-    int ret;
-
-    ret = msix_init(&vdev->pdev, vdev->msix->entries,
-                    &vdev->bars[vdev->msix->table_bar].mem,
-                    vdev->msix->table_bar, vdev->msix->table_offset,
-                    &vdev->bars[vdev->msix->pba_bar].mem,
-                    vdev->msix->pba_bar, vdev->msix->pba_offset, pos);
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        error_report("vfio: msix_init failed");
-        return ret;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static void vfio_teardown_msi(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    msi_uninit(&vdev->pdev);
-
-    if (vdev->msix) {
-        msix_uninit(&vdev->pdev, &vdev->bars[vdev->msix->table_bar].mem,
-                    &vdev->bars[vdev->msix->pba_bar].mem);
-    }
-}
-
-/*
- * Resource setup
- */
-static void vfio_mmap_set_enabled(VFIODevice *vdev, bool enabled)
-{
-    int i;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < PCI_ROM_SLOT; i++) {
-        VFIOBAR *bar = &vdev->bars[i];
-
-        if (!bar->size) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        memory_region_set_enabled(&bar->mmap_mem, enabled);
-        if (vdev->msix && vdev->msix->table_bar == i) {
-            memory_region_set_enabled(&vdev->msix->mmap_mem, enabled);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-static void vfio_unmap_bar(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
-{
-    VFIOBAR *bar = &vdev->bars[nr];
-
-    if (!bar->size) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    vfio_bar_quirk_teardown(vdev, nr);
-
-    memory_region_del_subregion(&bar->mem, &bar->mmap_mem);
-    munmap(bar->mmap, memory_region_size(&bar->mmap_mem));
-
-    if (vdev->msix && vdev->msix->table_bar == nr) {
-        memory_region_del_subregion(&bar->mem, &vdev->msix->mmap_mem);
-        munmap(vdev->msix->mmap, memory_region_size(&vdev->msix->mmap_mem));
-    }
-
-    memory_region_destroy(&bar->mem);
-}
-
-static int vfio_mmap_bar(VFIOBAR *bar, MemoryRegion *mem, MemoryRegion *submem,
-                         void **map, size_t size, off_t offset,
-                         const char *name)
-{
-    int ret = 0;
-
-    if (VFIO_ALLOW_MMAP && size && bar->flags & VFIO_REGION_INFO_FLAG_MMAP) {
-        int prot = 0;
-
-        if (bar->flags & VFIO_REGION_INFO_FLAG_READ) {
-            prot |= PROT_READ;
-        }
-
-        if (bar->flags & VFIO_REGION_INFO_FLAG_WRITE) {
-            prot |= PROT_WRITE;
-        }
-
-        *map = mmap(NULL, size, prot, MAP_SHARED,
-                    bar->fd, bar->fd_offset + offset);
-        if (*map == MAP_FAILED) {
-            *map = NULL;
-            ret = -errno;
-            goto empty_region;
-        }
-
-        memory_region_init_ram_ptr(submem, name, size, *map);
-    } else {
-empty_region:
-        /* Create a zero sized sub-region to make cleanup easy. */
-        memory_region_init(submem, name, 0);
-    }
-
-    memory_region_add_subregion(mem, offset, submem);
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
-static void vfio_map_bar(VFIODevice *vdev, int nr)
-{
-    VFIOBAR *bar = &vdev->bars[nr];
-    unsigned size = bar->size;
-    char name[64];
-    uint32_t pci_bar;
-    uint8_t type;
-    int ret;
-
-    /* Skip both unimplemented BARs and the upper half of 64bit BARS. */
-    if (!size) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "VFIO %04x:%02x:%02x.%x BAR %d",
-             vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-             vdev->host.function, nr);
-
-    /* Determine what type of BAR this is for registration */
-    ret = pread(vdev->fd, &pci_bar, sizeof(pci_bar),
-                vdev->config_offset + PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0 + (4 * nr));
-    if (ret != sizeof(pci_bar)) {
-        error_report("vfio: Failed to read BAR %d (%m)", nr);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    pci_bar = le32_to_cpu(pci_bar);
-    type = pci_bar & (pci_bar & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO ?
-           ~PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_IO_MASK : ~PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_MASK);
-
-    /* A "slow" read/write mapping underlies all BARs */
-    memory_region_init_io(&bar->mem, &vfio_bar_ops, bar, name, size);
-    pci_register_bar(&vdev->pdev, nr, type, &bar->mem);
-
-    /*
-     * We can't mmap areas overlapping the MSIX vector table, so we
-     * potentially insert a direct-mapped subregion before and after it.
-     */
-    if (vdev->msix && vdev->msix->table_bar == nr) {
-        size = vdev->msix->table_offset & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
-    }
-
-    strncat(name, " mmap", sizeof(name) - strlen(name) - 1);
-    if (vfio_mmap_bar(bar, &bar->mem,
-                      &bar->mmap_mem, &bar->mmap, size, 0, name)) {
-        error_report("%s unsupported. Performance may be slow", name);
-    }
-
-    if (vdev->msix && vdev->msix->table_bar == nr) {
-        unsigned start;
-
-        start = TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(vdev->msix->table_offset +
-                                  (vdev->msix->entries * PCI_MSIX_ENTRY_SIZE));
-
-        size = start < bar->size ? bar->size - start : 0;
-        strncat(name, " msix-hi", sizeof(name) - strlen(name) - 1);
-        /* VFIOMSIXInfo contains another MemoryRegion for this mapping */
-        if (vfio_mmap_bar(bar, &bar->mem, &vdev->msix->mmap_mem,
-                          &vdev->msix->mmap, size, start, name)) {
-            error_report("%s unsupported. Performance may be slow", name);
-        }
-    }
-
-    vfio_bar_quirk_setup(vdev, nr);
-}
-
-static void vfio_map_bars(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    int i;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < PCI_ROM_SLOT; i++) {
-        vfio_map_bar(vdev, i);
-    }
-
-    if (vdev->has_vga) {
-        memory_region_init_io(&vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM].mem,
-                              &vfio_vga_ops,
-                              &vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM],
-                              "vfio-vga-mmio@0xa0000",
-                              QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM_SIZE);
-        memory_region_init_io(&vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO].mem,
-                              &vfio_vga_ops,
-                              &vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO],
-                              "vfio-vga-io@0x3b0",
-                              QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO_SIZE);
-        memory_region_init_io(&vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI].mem,
-                              &vfio_vga_ops,
-                              &vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI],
-                              "vfio-vga-io@0x3c0",
-                              QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI_SIZE);
-
-        pci_register_vga(&vdev->pdev, &vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM].mem,
-                         &vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO].mem,
-                         &vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI].mem);
-        vfio_vga_quirk_setup(vdev);
-    }
-}
-
-static void vfio_unmap_bars(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    int i;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < PCI_ROM_SLOT; i++) {
-        vfio_unmap_bar(vdev, i);
-    }
-
-    if (vdev->has_vga) {
-        vfio_vga_quirk_teardown(vdev);
-        pci_unregister_vga(&vdev->pdev);
-        memory_region_destroy(&vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM].mem);
-        memory_region_destroy(&vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO].mem);
-        memory_region_destroy(&vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI].mem);
-    }
-}
-
-/*
- * General setup
- */
-static uint8_t vfio_std_cap_max_size(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t pos)
-{
-    uint8_t tmp, next = 0xff;
-
-    for (tmp = pdev->config[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST]; tmp;
-         tmp = pdev->config[tmp + 1]) {
-        if (tmp > pos && tmp < next) {
-            next = tmp;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return next - pos;
-}
-
-static void vfio_set_word_bits(uint8_t *buf, uint16_t val, uint16_t mask)
-{
-    pci_set_word(buf, (pci_get_word(buf) & ~mask) | val);
-}
-
-static void vfio_add_emulated_word(VFIODevice *vdev, int pos,
-                                   uint16_t val, uint16_t mask)
-{
-    vfio_set_word_bits(vdev->pdev.config + pos, val, mask);
-    vfio_set_word_bits(vdev->pdev.wmask + pos, ~mask, mask);
-    vfio_set_word_bits(vdev->emulated_config_bits + pos, mask, mask);
-}
-
-static void vfio_set_long_bits(uint8_t *buf, uint32_t val, uint32_t mask)
-{
-    pci_set_long(buf, (pci_get_long(buf) & ~mask) | val);
-}
-
-static void vfio_add_emulated_long(VFIODevice *vdev, int pos,
-                                   uint32_t val, uint32_t mask)
-{
-    vfio_set_long_bits(vdev->pdev.config + pos, val, mask);
-    vfio_set_long_bits(vdev->pdev.wmask + pos, ~mask, mask);
-    vfio_set_long_bits(vdev->emulated_config_bits + pos, mask, mask);
-}
-
-static int vfio_setup_pcie_cap(VFIODevice *vdev, int pos, uint8_t size)
-{
-    uint16_t flags;
-    uint8_t type;
-
-    flags = pci_get_word(vdev->pdev.config + pos + PCI_CAP_FLAGS);
-    type = (flags & PCI_EXP_FLAGS_TYPE) >> 4;
-
-    if (type != PCI_EXP_TYPE_ENDPOINT &&
-        type != PCI_EXP_TYPE_LEG_END &&
-        type != PCI_EXP_TYPE_RC_END) {
-
-        error_report("vfio: Assignment of PCIe type 0x%x "
-                     "devices is not currently supported", type);
-        return -EINVAL;
-    }
-
-    if (!pci_bus_is_express(vdev->pdev.bus)) {
-        /*
-         * Use express capability as-is on PCI bus.  It doesn't make much
-         * sense to even expose, but some drivers (ex. tg3) depend on it
-         * and guests don't seem to be particular about it.  We'll need
-         * to revist this or force express devices to express buses if we
-         * ever expose an IOMMU to the guest.
-         */
-    } else if (pci_bus_is_root(vdev->pdev.bus)) {
-        /*
-         * On a Root Complex bus Endpoints become Root Complex Integrated
-         * Endpoints, which changes the type and clears the LNK & LNK2 fields.
-         */
-        if (type == PCI_EXP_TYPE_ENDPOINT) {
-            vfio_add_emulated_word(vdev, pos + PCI_CAP_FLAGS,
-                                   PCI_EXP_TYPE_RC_END << 4,
-                                   PCI_EXP_FLAGS_TYPE);
-
-            /* Link Capabilities, Status, and Control goes away */
-            if (size > PCI_EXP_LNKCTL) {
-                vfio_add_emulated_long(vdev, pos + PCI_EXP_LNKCAP, 0, ~0);
-                vfio_add_emulated_word(vdev, pos + PCI_EXP_LNKCTL, 0, ~0);
-                vfio_add_emulated_word(vdev, pos + PCI_EXP_LNKSTA, 0, ~0);
-
-#ifndef PCI_EXP_LNKCAP2
-#define PCI_EXP_LNKCAP2 44
-#endif
-#ifndef PCI_EXP_LNKSTA2
-#define PCI_EXP_LNKSTA2 50
-#endif
-                /* Link 2 Capabilities, Status, and Control goes away */
-                if (size > PCI_EXP_LNKCAP2) {
-                    vfio_add_emulated_long(vdev, pos + PCI_EXP_LNKCAP2, 0, ~0);
-                    vfio_add_emulated_word(vdev, pos + PCI_EXP_LNKCTL2, 0, ~0);
-                    vfio_add_emulated_word(vdev, pos + PCI_EXP_LNKSTA2, 0, ~0);
-                }
-            }
-
-        } else if (type == PCI_EXP_TYPE_LEG_END) {
-            /*
-             * Legacy endpoints don't belong on the root complex.  Windows
-             * seems to be happier with devices if we skip the capability.
-             */
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-    } else {
-        /*
-         * Convert Root Complex Integrated Endpoints to regular endpoints.
-         * These devices don't support LNK/LNK2 capabilities, so make them up.
-         */
-        if (type == PCI_EXP_TYPE_RC_END) {
-            vfio_add_emulated_word(vdev, pos + PCI_CAP_FLAGS,
-                                   PCI_EXP_TYPE_ENDPOINT << 4,
-                                   PCI_EXP_FLAGS_TYPE);
-            vfio_add_emulated_long(vdev, pos + PCI_EXP_LNKCAP,
-                                   PCI_EXP_LNK_MLW_1 | PCI_EXP_LNK_LS_25, ~0);
-            vfio_add_emulated_word(vdev, pos + PCI_EXP_LNKCTL, 0, ~0);
-        }
-
-        /* Mark the Link Status bits as emulated to allow virtual negotiation */
-        vfio_add_emulated_word(vdev, pos + PCI_EXP_LNKSTA,
-                               pci_get_word(vdev->pdev.config + pos +
-                                            PCI_EXP_LNKSTA),
-                               PCI_EXP_LNKCAP_MLW | PCI_EXP_LNKCAP_SLS);
-    }
-
-    pos = pci_add_capability(&vdev->pdev, PCI_CAP_ID_EXP, pos, size);
-    if (pos >= 0) {
-        vdev->pdev.exp.exp_cap = pos;
-    }
-
-    return pos;
-}
-
-static int vfio_add_std_cap(VFIODevice *vdev, uint8_t pos)
-{
-    PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
-    uint8_t cap_id, next, size;
-    int ret;
-
-    cap_id = pdev->config[pos];
-    next = pdev->config[pos + 1];
-
-    /*
-     * If it becomes important to configure capabilities to their actual
-     * size, use this as the default when it's something we don't recognize.
-     * Since QEMU doesn't actually handle many of the config accesses,
-     * exact size doesn't seem worthwhile.
-     */
-    size = vfio_std_cap_max_size(pdev, pos);
-
-    /*
-     * pci_add_capability always inserts the new capability at the head
-     * of the chain.  Therefore to end up with a chain that matches the
-     * physical device, we insert from the end by making this recursive.
-     * This is also why we pre-caclulate size above as cached config space
-     * will be changed as we unwind the stack.
-     */
-    if (next) {
-        ret = vfio_add_std_cap(vdev, next);
-        if (ret) {
-            return ret;
-        }
-    } else {
-        /* Begin the rebuild, use QEMU emulated list bits */
-        pdev->config[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST] = 0;
-        vdev->emulated_config_bits[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST] = 0xff;
-        vdev->emulated_config_bits[PCI_STATUS] |= PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST;
-    }
-
-    /* Use emulated next pointer to allow dropping caps */
-    pci_set_byte(vdev->emulated_config_bits + pos + 1, 0xff);
-
-    switch (cap_id) {
-    case PCI_CAP_ID_MSI:
-        ret = vfio_setup_msi(vdev, pos);
-        break;
-    case PCI_CAP_ID_EXP:
-        ret = vfio_setup_pcie_cap(vdev, pos, size);
-        break;
-    case PCI_CAP_ID_MSIX:
-        ret = vfio_setup_msix(vdev, pos);
-        break;
-    case PCI_CAP_ID_PM:
-        vdev->pm_cap = pos;
-    default:
-        ret = pci_add_capability(pdev, cap_id, pos, size);
-        break;
-    }
-
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        error_report("vfio: %04x:%02x:%02x.%x Error adding PCI capability "
-                     "0x%x[0x%x]@0x%x: %d", vdev->host.domain,
-                     vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function,
-                     cap_id, size, pos, ret);
-        return ret;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int vfio_add_capabilities(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
-
-    if (!(pdev->config[PCI_STATUS] & PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST) ||
-        !pdev->config[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST]) {
-        return 0; /* Nothing to add */
-    }
-
-    return vfio_add_std_cap(vdev, pdev->config[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST]);
-}
-
-static int vfio_load_rom(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    uint64_t size = vdev->rom_size;
-    char name[32];
-    off_t off = 0, voff = vdev->rom_offset;
-    ssize_t bytes;
-    void *ptr;
-
-    /* If loading ROM from file, pci handles it */
-    if (vdev->pdev.romfile || !vdev->pdev.rom_bar || !size) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x)\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
-
-    snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "vfio[%04x:%02x:%02x.%x].rom",
-             vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-             vdev->host.function);
-    memory_region_init_ram(&vdev->pdev.rom, name, size);
-    ptr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&vdev->pdev.rom);
-    memset(ptr, 0xff, size);
-
-    while (size) {
-        bytes = pread(vdev->fd, ptr + off, size, voff + off);
-        if (bytes == 0) {
-            break; /* expect that we could get back less than the ROM BAR */
-        } else if (bytes > 0) {
-            off += bytes;
-            size -= bytes;
-        } else {
-            if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            error_report("vfio: Error reading device ROM: %m");
-            memory_region_destroy(&vdev->pdev.rom);
-            return -errno;
-        }
-    }
-
-    pci_register_bar(&vdev->pdev, PCI_ROM_SLOT, 0, &vdev->pdev.rom);
-    vdev->pdev.has_rom = true;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int vfio_connect_container(VFIOGroup *group)
-{
-    VFIOContainer *container;
-    int ret, fd;
-
-    if (group->container) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    QLIST_FOREACH(container, &container_list, next) {
-        if (!ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_SET_CONTAINER, &container->fd)) {
-            group->container = container;
-            QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&container->group_list, group, container_next);
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-
-    fd = qemu_open("/dev/vfio/vfio", O_RDWR);
-    if (fd < 0) {
-        error_report("vfio: failed to open /dev/vfio/vfio: %m");
-        return -errno;
-    }
-
-    ret = ioctl(fd, VFIO_GET_API_VERSION);
-    if (ret != VFIO_API_VERSION) {
-        error_report("vfio: supported vfio version: %d, "
-                     "reported version: %d", VFIO_API_VERSION, ret);
-        close(fd);
-        return -EINVAL;
-    }
-
-    container = g_malloc0(sizeof(*container));
-    container->fd = fd;
-
-    if (ioctl(fd, VFIO_CHECK_EXTENSION, VFIO_TYPE1_IOMMU)) {
-        ret = ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_SET_CONTAINER, &fd);
-        if (ret) {
-            error_report("vfio: failed to set group container: %m");
-            g_free(container);
-            close(fd);
-            return -errno;
-        }
-
-        ret = ioctl(fd, VFIO_SET_IOMMU, VFIO_TYPE1_IOMMU);
-        if (ret) {
-            error_report("vfio: failed to set iommu for container: %m");
-            g_free(container);
-            close(fd);
-            return -errno;
-        }
-
-        container->iommu_data.listener = vfio_memory_listener;
-        container->iommu_data.release = vfio_listener_release;
-
-        memory_listener_register(&container->iommu_data.listener, &address_space_memory);
-    } else {
-        error_report("vfio: No available IOMMU models");
-        g_free(container);
-        close(fd);
-        return -EINVAL;
-    }
-
-    QLIST_INIT(&container->group_list);
-    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&container_list, container, next);
-
-    group->container = container;
-    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&container->group_list, group, container_next);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static void vfio_disconnect_container(VFIOGroup *group)
-{
-    VFIOContainer *container = group->container;
-
-    if (ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_UNSET_CONTAINER, &container->fd)) {
-        error_report("vfio: error disconnecting group %d from container",
-                     group->groupid);
-    }
-
-    QLIST_REMOVE(group, container_next);
-    group->container = NULL;
-
-    if (QLIST_EMPTY(&container->group_list)) {
-        if (container->iommu_data.release) {
-            container->iommu_data.release(container);
-        }
-        QLIST_REMOVE(container, next);
-        DPRINTF("vfio_disconnect_container: close container->fd\n");
-        close(container->fd);
-        g_free(container);
-    }
-}
-
-static VFIOGroup *vfio_get_group(int groupid)
-{
-    VFIOGroup *group;
-    char path[32];
-    struct vfio_group_status status = { .argsz = sizeof(status) };
-
-    QLIST_FOREACH(group, &group_list, next) {
-        if (group->groupid == groupid) {
-            return group;
-        }
-    }
-
-    group = g_malloc0(sizeof(*group));
-
-    snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/dev/vfio/%d", groupid);
-    group->fd = qemu_open(path, O_RDWR);
-    if (group->fd < 0) {
-        error_report("vfio: error opening %s: %m", path);
-        g_free(group);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    if (ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_GET_STATUS, &status)) {
-        error_report("vfio: error getting group status: %m");
-        close(group->fd);
-        g_free(group);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    if (!(status.flags & VFIO_GROUP_FLAGS_VIABLE)) {
-        error_report("vfio: error, group %d is not viable, please ensure "
-                     "all devices within the iommu_group are bound to their "
-                     "vfio bus driver.", groupid);
-        close(group->fd);
-        g_free(group);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    group->groupid = groupid;
-    QLIST_INIT(&group->device_list);
-
-    if (vfio_connect_container(group)) {
-        error_report("vfio: failed to setup container for group %d", groupid);
-        close(group->fd);
-        g_free(group);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&group_list, group, next);
-
-    return group;
-}
-
-static void vfio_put_group(VFIOGroup *group)
-{
-    if (!QLIST_EMPTY(&group->device_list)) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    vfio_disconnect_container(group);
-    QLIST_REMOVE(group, next);
-    DPRINTF("vfio_put_group: close group->fd\n");
-    close(group->fd);
-    g_free(group);
-}
-
-static int vfio_get_device(VFIOGroup *group, const char *name, VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    struct vfio_device_info dev_info = { .argsz = sizeof(dev_info) };
-    struct vfio_region_info reg_info = { .argsz = sizeof(reg_info) };
-    int ret, i;
-
-    ret = ioctl(group->fd, VFIO_GROUP_GET_DEVICE_FD, name);
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        error_report("vfio: error getting device %s from group %d: %m",
-                     name, group->groupid);
-        error_printf("Verify all devices in group %d are bound to vfio-pci "
-                     "or pci-stub and not already in use\n", group->groupid);
-        return ret;
-    }
-
-    vdev->fd = ret;
-    vdev->group = group;
-    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&group->device_list, vdev, next);
-
-    /* Sanity check device */
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_INFO, &dev_info);
-    if (ret) {
-        error_report("vfio: error getting device info: %m");
-        goto error;
-    }
-
-    DPRINTF("Device %s flags: %u, regions: %u, irgs: %u\n", name,
-            dev_info.flags, dev_info.num_regions, dev_info.num_irqs);
-
-    if (!(dev_info.flags & VFIO_DEVICE_FLAGS_PCI)) {
-        error_report("vfio: Um, this isn't a PCI device");
-        goto error;
-    }
-
-    vdev->reset_works = !!(dev_info.flags & VFIO_DEVICE_FLAGS_RESET);
-    if (!vdev->reset_works) {
-        error_report("Warning, device %s does not support reset", name);
-    }
-
-    if (dev_info.num_regions < VFIO_PCI_CONFIG_REGION_INDEX + 1) {
-        error_report("vfio: unexpected number of io regions %u",
-                     dev_info.num_regions);
-        goto error;
-    }
-
-    if (dev_info.num_irqs < VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX + 1) {
-        error_report("vfio: unexpected number of irqs %u", dev_info.num_irqs);
-        goto error;
-    }
-
-    for (i = VFIO_PCI_BAR0_REGION_INDEX; i < VFIO_PCI_ROM_REGION_INDEX; i++) {
-        reg_info.index = i;
-
-        ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_REGION_INFO, &reg_info);
-        if (ret) {
-            error_report("vfio: Error getting region %d info: %m", i);
-            goto error;
-        }
-
-        DPRINTF("Device %s region %d:\n", name, i);
-        DPRINTF("  size: 0x%lx, offset: 0x%lx, flags: 0x%lx\n",
-                (unsigned long)reg_info.size, (unsigned long)reg_info.offset,
-                (unsigned long)reg_info.flags);
-
-        vdev->bars[i].flags = reg_info.flags;
-        vdev->bars[i].size = reg_info.size;
-        vdev->bars[i].fd_offset = reg_info.offset;
-        vdev->bars[i].fd = vdev->fd;
-        vdev->bars[i].nr = i;
-        QLIST_INIT(&vdev->bars[i].quirks);
-    }
-
-    reg_info.index = VFIO_PCI_ROM_REGION_INDEX;
-
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_REGION_INFO, &reg_info);
-    if (ret) {
-        error_report("vfio: Error getting ROM info: %m");
-        goto error;
-    }
-
-    DPRINTF("Device %s ROM:\n", name);
-    DPRINTF("  size: 0x%lx, offset: 0x%lx, flags: 0x%lx\n",
-            (unsigned long)reg_info.size, (unsigned long)reg_info.offset,
-            (unsigned long)reg_info.flags);
-
-    vdev->rom_size = reg_info.size;
-    vdev->rom_offset = reg_info.offset;
-
-    reg_info.index = VFIO_PCI_CONFIG_REGION_INDEX;
-
-    ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_REGION_INFO, &reg_info);
-    if (ret) {
-        error_report("vfio: Error getting config info: %m");
-        goto error;
-    }
-
-    DPRINTF("Device %s config:\n", name);
-    DPRINTF("  size: 0x%lx, offset: 0x%lx, flags: 0x%lx\n",
-            (unsigned long)reg_info.size, (unsigned long)reg_info.offset,
-            (unsigned long)reg_info.flags);
-
-    vdev->config_size = reg_info.size;
-    if (vdev->config_size == PCI_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE) {
-        vdev->pdev.cap_present &= ~QEMU_PCI_CAP_EXPRESS;
-    }
-    vdev->config_offset = reg_info.offset;
-
-    if ((vdev->features & VFIO_FEATURE_ENABLE_VGA) &&
-        dev_info.num_regions > VFIO_PCI_VGA_REGION_INDEX) {
-        struct vfio_region_info vga_info = {
-            .argsz = sizeof(vga_info),
-            .index = VFIO_PCI_VGA_REGION_INDEX,
-         };
-
-        ret = ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_REGION_INFO, &vga_info);
-        if (ret) {
-            error_report(
-                "vfio: Device does not support requested feature x-vga");
-            goto error;
-        }
-
-        if (!(vga_info.flags & VFIO_REGION_INFO_FLAG_READ) ||
-            !(vga_info.flags & VFIO_REGION_INFO_FLAG_WRITE) ||
-            vga_info.size < 0xbffff + 1) {
-            error_report("vfio: Unexpected VGA info, flags 0x%lx, size 0x%lx",
-                         (unsigned long)vga_info.flags,
-                         (unsigned long)vga_info.size);
-            goto error;
-        }
-
-        vdev->vga.fd_offset = vga_info.offset;
-        vdev->vga.fd = vdev->fd;
-
-        vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM].offset = QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM_BASE;
-        vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM].nr = QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM;
-        QLIST_INIT(&vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM].quirks);
-
-        vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO].offset = QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO_BASE;
-        vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO].nr = QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO;
-        QLIST_INIT(&vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO].quirks);
-
-        vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI].offset = QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI_BASE;
-        vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI].nr = QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI;
-        QLIST_INIT(&vdev->vga.region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI].quirks);
-
-        vdev->has_vga = true;
-    }
-
-error:
-    if (ret) {
-        QLIST_REMOVE(vdev, next);
-        vdev->group = NULL;
-        close(vdev->fd);
-    }
-    return ret;
-}
-
-static void vfio_put_device(VFIODevice *vdev)
-{
-    QLIST_REMOVE(vdev, next);
-    vdev->group = NULL;
-    DPRINTF("vfio_put_device: close vdev->fd\n");
-    close(vdev->fd);
-    if (vdev->msix) {
-        g_free(vdev->msix);
-        vdev->msix = NULL;
-    }
-}
-
-static int vfio_initfn(PCIDevice *pdev)
-{
-    VFIODevice *pvdev, *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIODevice, pdev, pdev);
-    VFIOGroup *group;
-    char path[PATH_MAX], iommu_group_path[PATH_MAX], *group_name;
-    ssize_t len;
-    struct stat st;
-    int groupid;
-    int ret;
-
-    /* Check that the host device exists */
-    snprintf(path, sizeof(path),
-             "/sys/bus/pci/devices/%04x:%02x:%02x.%01x/",
-             vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-             vdev->host.function);
-    if (stat(path, &st) < 0) {
-        error_report("vfio: error: no such host device: %s", path);
-        return -errno;
-    }
-
-    strncat(path, "iommu_group", sizeof(path) - strlen(path) - 1);
-
-    len = readlink(path, iommu_group_path, PATH_MAX);
-    if (len <= 0) {
-        error_report("vfio: error no iommu_group for device");
-        return -errno;
-    }
-
-    iommu_group_path[len] = 0;
-    group_name = basename(iommu_group_path);
-
-    if (sscanf(group_name, "%d", &groupid) != 1) {
-        error_report("vfio: error reading %s: %m", path);
-        return -errno;
-    }
-
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x) group %d\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function, groupid);
-
-    group = vfio_get_group(groupid);
-    if (!group) {
-        error_report("vfio: failed to get group %d", groupid);
-        return -ENOENT;
-    }
-
-    snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%04x:%02x:%02x.%01x",
-            vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot,
-            vdev->host.function);
-
-    QLIST_FOREACH(pvdev, &group->device_list, next) {
-        if (pvdev->host.domain == vdev->host.domain &&
-            pvdev->host.bus == vdev->host.bus &&
-            pvdev->host.slot == vdev->host.slot &&
-            pvdev->host.function == vdev->host.function) {
-
-            error_report("vfio: error: device %s is already attached", path);
-            vfio_put_group(group);
-            return -EBUSY;
-        }
-    }
-
-    ret = vfio_get_device(group, path, vdev);
-    if (ret) {
-        error_report("vfio: failed to get device %s", path);
-        vfio_put_group(group);
-        return ret;
-    }
-
-    /* Get a copy of config space */
-    ret = pread(vdev->fd, vdev->pdev.config,
-                MIN(pci_config_size(&vdev->pdev), vdev->config_size),
-                vdev->config_offset);
-    if (ret < (int)MIN(pci_config_size(&vdev->pdev), vdev->config_size)) {
-        ret = ret < 0 ? -errno : -EFAULT;
-        error_report("vfio: Failed to read device config space");
-        goto out_put;
-    }
-
-    /* vfio emulates a lot for us, but some bits need extra love */
-    vdev->emulated_config_bits = g_malloc0(vdev->config_size);
-
-    /* QEMU can choose to expose the ROM or not */
-    memset(vdev->emulated_config_bits + PCI_ROM_ADDRESS, 0xff, 4);
-
-    /* QEMU can change multi-function devices to single function, or reverse */
-    vdev->emulated_config_bits[PCI_HEADER_TYPE] =
-                                              PCI_HEADER_TYPE_MULTI_FUNCTION;
-
-    /*
-     * Clear host resource mapping info.  If we choose not to register a
-     * BAR, such as might be the case with the option ROM, we can get
-     * confusing, unwritable, residual addresses from the host here.
-     */
-    memset(&vdev->pdev.config[PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0], 0, 24);
-    memset(&vdev->pdev.config[PCI_ROM_ADDRESS], 0, 4);
-
-    vfio_load_rom(vdev);
-
-    ret = vfio_early_setup_msix(vdev);
-    if (ret) {
-        goto out_put;
-    }
-
-    vfio_map_bars(vdev);
-
-    ret = vfio_add_capabilities(vdev);
-    if (ret) {
-        goto out_teardown;
-    }
-
-    /* QEMU emulates all of MSI & MSIX */
-    if (pdev->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MSIX) {
-        memset(vdev->emulated_config_bits + pdev->msix_cap, 0xff,
-               MSIX_CAP_LENGTH);
-    }
-
-    if (pdev->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MSI) {
-        memset(vdev->emulated_config_bits + pdev->msi_cap, 0xff,
-               vdev->msi_cap_size);
-    }
-
-    if (vfio_pci_read_config(&vdev->pdev, PCI_INTERRUPT_PIN, 1)) {
-        vdev->intx.mmap_timer = qemu_new_timer_ms(vm_clock,
-                                                  vfio_intx_mmap_enable, vdev);
-        pci_device_set_intx_routing_notifier(&vdev->pdev, vfio_update_irq);
-        ret = vfio_enable_intx(vdev);
-        if (ret) {
-            goto out_teardown;
-        }
-    }
-
-    add_boot_device_path(vdev->bootindex, &pdev->qdev, NULL);
-
-    return 0;
-
-out_teardown:
-    pci_device_set_intx_routing_notifier(&vdev->pdev, NULL);
-    vfio_teardown_msi(vdev);
-    vfio_unmap_bars(vdev);
-out_put:
-    g_free(vdev->emulated_config_bits);
-    vfio_put_device(vdev);
-    vfio_put_group(group);
-    return ret;
-}
-
-static void vfio_exitfn(PCIDevice *pdev)
-{
-    VFIODevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIODevice, pdev, pdev);
-    VFIOGroup *group = vdev->group;
-
-    pci_device_set_intx_routing_notifier(&vdev->pdev, NULL);
-    vfio_disable_interrupts(vdev);
-    if (vdev->intx.mmap_timer) {
-        qemu_free_timer(vdev->intx.mmap_timer);
-    }
-    vfio_teardown_msi(vdev);
-    vfio_unmap_bars(vdev);
-    g_free(vdev->emulated_config_bits);
-    vfio_put_device(vdev);
-    vfio_put_group(group);
-}
-
-static void vfio_pci_reset(DeviceState *dev)
-{
-    PCIDevice *pdev = DO_UPCAST(PCIDevice, qdev, dev);
-    VFIODevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIODevice, pdev, pdev);
-    uint16_t cmd;
-
-    DPRINTF("%s(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x)\n", __func__, vdev->host.domain,
-            vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
-
-    vfio_disable_interrupts(vdev);
-
-    /* Make sure the device is in D0 */
-    if (vdev->pm_cap) {
-        uint16_t pmcsr;
-        uint8_t state;
-
-        pmcsr = vfio_pci_read_config(pdev, vdev->pm_cap + PCI_PM_CTRL, 2);
-        state = pmcsr & PCI_PM_CTRL_STATE_MASK;
-        if (state) {
-            pmcsr &= ~PCI_PM_CTRL_STATE_MASK;
-            vfio_pci_write_config(pdev, vdev->pm_cap + PCI_PM_CTRL, pmcsr, 2);
-            /* vfio handles the necessary delay here */
-            pmcsr = vfio_pci_read_config(pdev, vdev->pm_cap + PCI_PM_CTRL, 2);
-            state = pmcsr & PCI_PM_CTRL_STATE_MASK;
-            if (state) {
-                error_report("vfio: Unable to power on device, stuck in D%d\n",
-                             state);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Stop any ongoing DMA by disconecting I/O, MMIO, and bus master.
-     * Also put INTx Disable in known state.
-     */
-    cmd = vfio_pci_read_config(pdev, PCI_COMMAND, 2);
-    cmd &= ~(PCI_COMMAND_IO | PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY | PCI_COMMAND_MASTER |
-             PCI_COMMAND_INTX_DISABLE);
-    vfio_pci_write_config(pdev, PCI_COMMAND, cmd, 2);
-
-    if (vdev->reset_works) {
-        if (ioctl(vdev->fd, VFIO_DEVICE_RESET)) {
-            error_report("vfio: Error unable to reset physical device "
-                         "(%04x:%02x:%02x.%x): %m", vdev->host.domain,
-                         vdev->host.bus, vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
-        }
-    }
-
-    vfio_enable_intx(vdev);
-}
-
-static Property vfio_pci_dev_properties[] = {
-    DEFINE_PROP_PCI_HOST_DEVADDR("host", VFIODevice, host),
-    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("x-intx-mmap-timeout-ms", VFIODevice,
-                       intx.mmap_timeout, 1100),
-    DEFINE_PROP_BIT("x-vga", VFIODevice, features,
-                    VFIO_FEATURE_ENABLE_VGA_BIT, false),
-    DEFINE_PROP_INT32("bootindex", VFIODevice, bootindex, -1),
-    /*
-     * TODO - support passed fds... is this necessary?
-     * DEFINE_PROP_STRING("vfiofd", VFIODevice, vfiofd_name),
-     * DEFINE_PROP_STRING("vfiogroupfd, VFIODevice, vfiogroupfd_name),
-     */
-    DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
-};
-
-static const VMStateDescription vfio_pci_vmstate = {
-    .name = "vfio-pci",
-    .unmigratable = 1,
-};
-
-static void vfio_pci_dev_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
-{
-    DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
-    PCIDeviceClass *pdc = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
-
-    dc->reset = vfio_pci_reset;
-    dc->props = vfio_pci_dev_properties;
-    dc->vmsd = &vfio_pci_vmstate;
-    dc->desc = "VFIO-based PCI device assignment";
-    pdc->init = vfio_initfn;
-    pdc->exit = vfio_exitfn;
-    pdc->config_read = vfio_pci_read_config;
-    pdc->config_write = vfio_pci_write_config;
-    pdc->is_express = 1; /* We might be */
-}
-
-static const TypeInfo vfio_pci_dev_info = {
-    .name = "vfio-pci",
-    .parent = TYPE_PCI_DEVICE,
-    .instance_size = sizeof(VFIODevice),
-    .class_init = vfio_pci_dev_class_init,
-};
-
-static void register_vfio_pci_dev_type(void)
-{
-    type_register_static(&vfio_pci_dev_info);
-}
-
-type_init(register_vfio_pci_dev_type)