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-rw-r--r--qemu-options.hx4
-rwxr-xr-xtests/multiboot/run_test.sh10
-rwxr-xr-xtests/qemu-iotests/0517
-rwxr-xr-xtests/qemu-iotests/0682
-rwxr-xr-xtests/qemu-iotests/14248
-rwxr-xr-xtests/qemu-iotests/17114
-rwxr-xr-xtests/qemu-iotests/check18
-rwxr-xr-xtests/rocker/all10
-rw-r--r--tests/tcg/cris/Makefile8
9 files changed, 61 insertions, 60 deletions
diff --git a/qemu-options.hx b/qemu-options.hx
index 76b1c67737..2cc70b9cfc 100644
--- a/qemu-options.hx
+++ b/qemu-options.hx
@@ -4374,7 +4374,7 @@ The simplest (insecure) usage is to provide the secret inline
 
 The simplest secure usage is to provide the secret via a file
 
- # echo -n "letmein" > mypasswd.txt
+ # printf "letmein" > mypasswd.txt
  # $QEMU -object secret,id=sec0,file=mypasswd.txt,format=raw
 
 For greater security, AES-256-CBC should be used. To illustrate usage,
@@ -4402,7 +4402,7 @@ telling openssl to base64 encode the result, but it could be left
 as raw bytes if desired.
 
 @example
- # SECRET=$(echo -n "letmein" |
+ # SECRET=$(printf "letmein" |
             openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -a -K $KEY -iv $IV)
 @end example
 
diff --git a/tests/multiboot/run_test.sh b/tests/multiboot/run_test.sh
index 78d7edfc3b..c8f3da8f37 100755
--- a/tests/multiboot/run_test.sh
+++ b/tests/multiboot/run_test.sh
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ run_qemu() {
     local kernel=$1
     shift
 
-    echo -e "\n\n=== Running test case: $kernel $@ ===\n" >> test.log
+    printf %b "\n\n=== Running test case: $kernel $@ ===\n\n" >> test.log
 
     $QEMU \
         -kernel $kernel \
@@ -68,21 +68,21 @@ for t in mmap modules; do
     pass=1
 
     if [ $debugexit != 1 ]; then
-        echo -e "\e[31m ?? \e[0m $t (no debugexit used, exit code $ret)"
+        printf %b "\e[31m ?? \e[0m $t (no debugexit used, exit code $ret)\n"
         pass=0
     elif [ $ret != 0 ]; then
-        echo -e "\e[31mFAIL\e[0m $t (exit code $ret)"
+        printf %b "\e[31mFAIL\e[0m $t (exit code $ret)\n"
         pass=0
     fi
 
     if ! diff $t.out test.log > /dev/null 2>&1; then
-        echo -e "\e[31mFAIL\e[0m $t (output difference)"
+        printf %b "\e[31mFAIL\e[0m $t (output difference)\n"
         diff -u $t.out test.log
         pass=0
     fi
 
     if [ $pass == 1 ]; then
-        echo -e "\e[32mPASS\e[0m $t"
+        printf %b "\e[32mPASS\e[0m $t\n"
     fi
 
 done
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/051 b/tests/qemu-iotests/051
index 26c29deb51..c8cfc764bc 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/051
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/051
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ run_qemu -drive driver=null-co,cache=invalid_value
 # Test 142 checks the direct=on cases
 
 for cache in writeback writethrough unsafe invalid_value; do
-    echo -e "info block\ninfo block file\ninfo block backing\ninfo block backing-file" | \
+    printf "info block %s\n" '' file backing backing-file | \
     run_qemu -drive file="$TEST_IMG",cache=$cache,backing.file.filename="$TEST_IMG.base",backing.cache.no-flush=on,backing.node-name=backing,backing.file.node-name=backing-file,file.node-name=file,if=none,id=$device_id -nodefaults
 done
 
@@ -325,8 +325,9 @@ echo "qemu-io $device_id \"write -P 0x22 0 4k\"" | run_qemu -drive file="$TEST_I
 
 $QEMU_IO -c "read -P 0x22 0 4k" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 
-echo -e "qemu-io $device_id \"write -P 0x33 0 4k\"\ncommit $device_id" | run_qemu -drive file="$TEST_IMG",snapshot=on,if=none,id=$device_id\
-                                                                       | _filter_qemu_io
+printf %b "qemu-io $device_id \"write -P 0x33 0 4k\"\ncommit $device_id\n" |
+    run_qemu -drive file="$TEST_IMG",snapshot=on,if=none,id=$device_id |
+    _filter_qemu_io
 
 $QEMU_IO -c "read -P 0x33 0 4k" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
 
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/068 b/tests/qemu-iotests/068
index 3801b65b9d..cfa0f2aed5 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/068
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/068
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ for extra_args in \
     _make_test_img $IMG_SIZE
 
     # Give qemu some time to boot before saving the VM state
-    bash -c 'sleep 1; echo -e "savevm 0\nquit"' | _qemu $extra_args
+    { sleep 1; printf "savevm 0\nquit\n"; } | _qemu $extra_args
     # Now try to continue from that VM state (this should just work)
     echo quit | _qemu $extra_args -loadvm 0
 done
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/142 b/tests/qemu-iotests/142
index 9a5b713256..1639c83985 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/142
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/142
@@ -94,36 +94,36 @@ function check_cache_all()
     # cache.direct is supposed to be inherited by both bs->file and
     # bs->backing
 
-    echo -e "cache.direct=on on none0"
+    printf "cache.direct=on on none0\n"
     echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$files","$ids",cache.direct=on | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot|[Cc]ould not|[Cc]an't"
-    echo -e "\ncache.direct=on on file"
+    printf "\ncache.direct=on on file\n"
     echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$files","$ids",file.cache.direct=on | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot|[Cc]ould not|[Cc]an't"
-    echo -e "\ncache.direct=on on backing"
+    printf "\ncache.direct=on on backing\n"
     echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$files","$ids",backing.cache.direct=on | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot|[Cc]ould not|[Cc]an't"
-    echo -e "\ncache.direct=on on backing-file"
+    printf "\ncache.direct=on on backing-file\n"
     echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$files","$ids",backing.file.cache.direct=on | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot|[Cc]ould not|[Cc]an't"
 
     # cache.writeback is supposed to be inherited by bs->backing; bs->file
     # always gets cache.writeback=on
 
-    echo -e "\n\ncache.writeback=off on none0"
+    printf "\n\ncache.writeback=off on none0\n"
     echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$files","$ids",cache.writeback=off | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
-    echo -e "\ncache.writeback=off on file"
+    printf "\ncache.writeback=off on file\n"
     echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$files","$ids",file.cache.writeback=off | grep -e "doesn't" -e "does not"
-    echo -e "\ncache.writeback=off on backing"
+    printf "\ncache.writeback=off on backing\n"
     echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$files","$ids",backing.cache.writeback=off | grep -e "doesn't" -e "does not"
-    echo -e "\ncache.writeback=off on backing-file"
+    printf "\ncache.writeback=off on backing-file\n"
     echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$files","$ids",backing.file.cache.writeback=off | grep -e "doesn't" -e "does not"
 
     # cache.no-flush is supposed to be inherited by both bs->file and bs->backing
 
-    echo -e "\n\ncache.no-flush=on on none0"
+    printf "\n\ncache.no-flush=on on none0\n"
     echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$files","$ids",cache.no-flush=on | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
-    echo -e "\ncache.no-flush=on on file"
+    printf "\ncache.no-flush=on on file\n"
     echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$files","$ids",file.cache.no-flush=on | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
-    echo -e "\ncache.no-flush=on on backing"
+    printf "\ncache.no-flush=on on backing\n"
     echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$files","$ids",backing.cache.no-flush=on | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
-    echo -e "\ncache.no-flush=on on backing-file"
+    printf "\ncache.no-flush=on on backing-file\n"
     echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$files","$ids",backing.file.cache.no-flush=on | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
 }
 
@@ -236,35 +236,35 @@ function check_cache_all_separate()
 {
     # Check cache.direct
 
-    echo -e "cache.direct=on on blk"
+    printf "cache.direct=on on blk\n"
     echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$drv_bkfile" -drive "$drv_bk" -drive "$drv_file" -drive "$drv_img",cache.direct=on | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
-    echo -e "\ncache.direct=on on file"
+    printf "\ncache.direct=on on file\n"
     echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$drv_bkfile" -drive "$drv_bk" -drive "$drv_file",cache.direct=on -drive "$drv_img" | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
-    echo -e "\ncache.direct=on on backing"
+    printf "\ncache.direct=on on backing\n"
     echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$drv_bkfile" -drive "$drv_bk",cache.direct=on -drive "$drv_file" -drive "$drv_img" | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
-    echo -e "\ncache.direct=on on backing-file"
+    printf "\ncache.direct=on on backing-file\n"
     echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$drv_bkfile",cache.direct=on -drive "$drv_bk" -drive "$drv_file" -drive "$drv_img" | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
 
     # Check cache.writeback
 
-    echo -e "\n\ncache.writeback=off on blk"
+    printf "\n\ncache.writeback=off on blk\n"
     echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$drv_bkfile" -drive "$drv_bk" -drive "$drv_file" -drive "$drv_img",cache.writeback=off | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
-    echo -e "\ncache.writeback=off on file"
+    printf "\ncache.writeback=off on file\n"
     echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$drv_bkfile" -drive "$drv_bk" -drive "$drv_file",cache.writeback=off -drive "$drv_img" | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
-    echo -e "\ncache.writeback=off on backing"
+    printf "\ncache.writeback=off on backing\n"
     echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$drv_bkfile" -drive "$drv_bk",cache.writeback=off -drive "$drv_file" -drive "$drv_img" | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
-    echo -e "\ncache.writeback=off on backing-file"
+    printf "\ncache.writeback=off on backing-file\n"
     echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$drv_bkfile",cache.writeback=off -drive "$drv_bk" -drive "$drv_file" -drive "$drv_img" | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
 
     # Check cache.no-flush
 
-    echo -e "\n\ncache.no-flush=on on blk"
+    printf "\n\ncache.no-flush=on on blk\n"
     echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$drv_bkfile" -drive "$drv_bk" -drive "$drv_file" -drive "$drv_img",cache.no-flush=on | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
-    echo -e "\ncache.no-flush=on on file"
+    printf "\ncache.no-flush=on on file\n"
     echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$drv_bkfile" -drive "$drv_bk" -drive "$drv_file",cache.no-flush=on -drive "$drv_img" | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
-    echo -e "\ncache.no-flush=on on backing"
+    printf "\ncache.no-flush=on on backing\n"
     echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$drv_bkfile" -drive "$drv_bk",cache.no-flush=on -drive "$drv_file" -drive "$drv_img" | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
-    echo -e "\ncache.no-flush=on on backing-file"
+    printf "\ncache.no-flush=on on backing-file\n"
     echo "$hmp_cmds" | run_qemu -drive "$drv_bkfile",cache.no-flush=on -drive "$drv_bk" -drive "$drv_file" -drive "$drv_img" | grep -e "Cache" -e "[Cc]annot\|[Cc]ould not\|[Cc]an't"
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/171 b/tests/qemu-iotests/171
index 257be10a0e..bcfaaf1be2 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/171
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/171
@@ -45,15 +45,15 @@ _supported_os Linux
 
 # Create JSON with options
 img_json() {
-    echo -n 'json:{"driver":"raw", '
-    echo -n "\"offset\":\"$img_offset\", "
+    printf %s 'json:{"driver":"raw", '
+    printf %s "\"offset\":\"$img_offset\", "
     if [ "$img_size" -ne -1 ] ; then
-        echo -n "\"size\":\"$img_size\", "
+        printf %s "\"size\":\"$img_size\", "
     fi
-    echo -n '"file": {'
-    echo -n    '"driver":"file", '
-    echo -n    "\"filename\":\"$TEST_IMG\" "
-    echo -n "} }"
+    printf %s '"file": {'
+    printf %s   '"driver":"file", '
+    printf %s   "\"filename\":\"$TEST_IMG\" "
+    printf %s "} }"
 }
 
 do_general_test() {
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/check b/tests/qemu-iotests/check
index 4b1c6749b7..9ded37c128 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/check
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/check
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ _wallclock()
 _timestamp()
 {
     now=`date "+%T"`
-    echo -n " [$now]"
+    printf %s " [$now]"
 }
 
 _wrapup()
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ seq="check"
 for seq in $list
 do
     err=false
-    echo -n "$seq"
+    printf %s "$seq"
     if [ -n "$TESTS_REMAINING_LOG" ] ; then
         sed -e "s/$seq//" -e 's/  / /' -e 's/^ *//' $TESTS_REMAINING_LOG > $TESTS_REMAINING_LOG.tmp
         mv $TESTS_REMAINING_LOG.tmp $TESTS_REMAINING_LOG
@@ -281,9 +281,9 @@ do
         rm -f $seq.out.bad
         lasttime=`sed -n -e "/^$seq /s/.* //p" <$TIMESTAMP_FILE`
         if [ "X$lasttime" != X ]; then
-                echo -n " ${lasttime}s ..."
+                printf %s " ${lasttime}s ..."
         else
-                echo -n "        "        # prettier output with timestamps.
+                printf "        "        # prettier output with timestamps.
         fi
         rm -f core $seq.notrun
 
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ do
         echo "$seq" > "${TEST_DIR}"/check.sts
 
         start=`_wallclock`
-        $timestamp && echo -n "        ["`date "+%T"`"]"
+        $timestamp && printf %s "        [$(date "+%T")]"
 
         if [ "$(head -n 1 "$source_iotests/$seq")" == "#!/usr/bin/env python" ]; then
             run_command="$PYTHON $seq"
@@ -314,21 +314,21 @@ do
 
         if [ -f core ]
         then
-            echo -n " [dumped core]"
+            printf " [dumped core]"
             mv core $seq.core
             err=true
         fi
 
         if [ -f $seq.notrun ]
         then
-            $timestamp || echo -n " [not run] "
-            $timestamp && echo " [not run]" && echo -n "        $seq -- "
+            $timestamp || printf " [not run] "
+            $timestamp && echo " [not run]" && printf %s "        $seq -- "
             cat $seq.notrun
             notrun="$notrun $seq"
         else
             if [ $sts -ne 0 ]
             then
-                echo -n " [failed, exit status $sts]"
+                printf %s " [failed, exit status $sts]"
                 err=true
             fi
 
diff --git a/tests/rocker/all b/tests/rocker/all
index d5ae9632a2..3f9b786daf 100755
--- a/tests/rocker/all
+++ b/tests/rocker/all
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
-echo -n "Running port test...              "
+printf "Running port test...              "
 ./port
 if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "pass"; else echo "FAILED"; exit 1; fi
 
-echo -n "Running bridge test...            "
+printf "Running bridge test...            "
 ./bridge
 if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "pass"; else echo "FAILED"; exit 1; fi
 
-echo -n "Running bridge STP test...        "
+printf "Running bridge STP test...        "
 ./bridge-stp
 if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "pass"; else echo "FAILED"; exit 1; fi
 
-echo -n "Running bridge VLAN test...       "
+printf "Running bridge VLAN test...       "
 ./bridge-vlan
 if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "pass"; else echo "FAILED"; exit 1; fi
 
-echo -n "Running bridge VLAN STP test...   "
+printf "Running bridge VLAN STP test...   "
 ./bridge-vlan-stp
 if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "pass"; else echo "FAILED"; exit 1; fi
diff --git a/tests/tcg/cris/Makefile b/tests/tcg/cris/Makefile
index 6b3dba446c..664b30ce81 100644
--- a/tests/tcg/cris/Makefile
+++ b/tests/tcg/cris/Makefile
@@ -150,17 +150,17 @@ check_addcv17.tst: crtv10.o sysv10.o
 build: $(CRT) $(SYS) $(TESTCASES)
 
 check: $(CRT) $(SYS) $(TESTCASES)
-	@echo -e "\nQEMU simulator."
+	@printf "\nQEMU simulator.\n"
 	for case in $(TESTCASES); do \
-		echo -n "$$case "; \
+		printf %s "$$case "; \
 		SIMARGS=; \
 		case $$case in *v17*) SIMARGS="-cpu crisv17";; esac; \
 		$(SIM) $$SIMARGS ./$$case; \
 	done
 check-g: $(CRT) $(SYS) $(TESTCASES)
-	@echo -e "\nGDB simulator."
+	@printf "\nGDB simulator.\n"
 	@for case in $(TESTCASES); do \
-		echo -n "$$case "; \
+		printf %s "$$case "; \
 		$(SIMG) $$case; \
 	done